2015育明考博中国石油大学（北京）考博英语真
题完形填空解题技巧分析
。对于英语复习，完形填空题是不少同学咨询的题目，如何提高完型填空的分数呢？育明考博老师讲到，提高完形填空的成绩除了要靠平时训练，还要靠解题技巧。为了让广大考生在完形填空上有重大的突破，小编为大家准备“练、核、填、读”这“四字诀”，助大家夺取英语完形大满贯！
练：这里所说的“练”指的是“做题”
做完形填空题一定要使用正确的方法。完形填空做题的基本原则是“先读懂文章，再完成空格”，即所谓的“先完其意而后完其形”。对文章整体的理解是做好完形填空的前提和基础。对一篇文章理解得越透彻，完形填空就会做得越好。如果对文章的意思理解不到位或有偏差。做完形填空可能就成了“猜谜语”。很多学生每次做完形填空时就是靠“猜”的，这样做题做得再多也没什么效果。
做什么样的完形填空题效果较好呢？要想效果好，建议大家用历年真题中的完形填空进行训练，因为真题完形填空的选材、命题等方面都是比较合理的。多做真题能够很好地把握考博的命题特点和趋势，能够最有效地应付完形填空这类试题。每周做2～3篇考博完形填空真题，坚持做几十篇后。效果就出来了。
第一步：跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。第一遍读文章时不要做题，而是跳过空格，通读试题所给的要填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。平时自己做题时，如果读一遍读不懂，那就读两遍，读两遍还是读不懂，那就再读一遍。一定要记住“读不懂文章不要做题”，因为没有理解文章做了也是白做，既浪费时间又浪费精力，还自欺欺人，危害不小。总之，一定要在理解短文意思的基础上才能开始做题。
另外，读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段，往往是故事发展的结果，所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示，或是对全篇文章的概括。因此，先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。
第二步：结合选项，综合考虑，初选答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合所给备选项再次细读全文。联系上、下文内容。注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示。以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构人手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。有把握的先做，没有把握的“跳过”。
第三步：先易后难，瞻前顾后，各个击破。对比较明显、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，自然就会降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
值得一提的是，近年来的高考完形填空，已很少有纯粹的语法题材。完形填空主要考查考生根据不完整的上下文，推断出文段发展走向的逻辑思维能力，其考查的重点不是语法和词法的知识。任何一篇文章的句子结构和内容上不会孤立存在，句子与句子之间是有很强的逻辑关系的。因此，必须借助上下文的一些暗示才能正确解题。
第四步：复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。做完所有的空格后，把所选的答案补入空格中，把文
章通读一遍，逐空认真复查，看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法，发现误选的答案或有疑问的、不清楚的答案，再次推敲，作出修正。
核：这里所说的“核”指的是“核对答案”
核对答案时要注意根据上下文的逻辑来做题这一精髓。考生不要单纯核对答案，还要看选项的内容。核对答案后要特别注意做错的题目，分析做错的原因。在做完此题后，最好把所有答案填回原文中，然后将弥补完整的全文从头至尾看一遍，以确保文章上下文顺畅连贯、语法准确、逻辑合理。完型填空的文章一般都是一个意义相关联的语篇。它围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，我们可以根据这些动词之间的有机联系，确定答案。所以解题时，应联系上下文，寻找相关线索。
检查答案时，要着眼于全局，从整体上把握，进行宏观地考虑。必要的时候，才能够推敲具体的答案，可能有一两个答案比较难。核对答案、反复推敲，从全局到具体，再从具体到全局，采用的方法是再次抛开选项，把做出的答案放在文章中，检查答案是否合理，是否符合文章的精神，作者的意图以及文体特征。所以从全局考虑，不要只看语法，只是检查文法，不要逐句地翻译，要整体地理解，再一次看段首和段尾。
填：这里所说的“填”，指的是“填空”
即不看答案，考生自己再读文章，利用上下文的逻辑关系，根据先易后难的原则，把空格补充完整。这种填空的训练有利于培养考生良好的思维习惯，有利于训练考生的逻辑思维能力，有利于提高考生的“断句恢复能力”，有利于加强考生的语篇理解和把握能力以及词语的应用能力。考生每周应坚持做2～3道真题的完形填空。经过几个月的训练后，考生完形填空的做题能力肯定会大大提高。训练的时候建议大家把给出的词语蒙住不看，自己来填空。
完型填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。我们要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为解题做准备。
了解完型文章的整体结构，做完形时最不应该犯的错误就是没有全局阅览的概念，将文章的整体中心句及其核心主题于不顾，将20个填空看成是20个孤立的信息点和20个孤立的句子，因此把握好前两点才能对整个句子、上下句和整个文章进行分析。
读：这里所说的“读”指的是“熟读”
读懂首句：完型填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。我们要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为解题做准备。
读全文：开始做题后，就应该根据自己抓住的线索快速做出反应，找出关键词，掌握全文大意。若有个别难题，暂时跳过或初拟答案，随着文章的空越来越少，全文的意思就会越来越清楚。
注意上下文，先易后难：完型填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义，相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索。在做完型填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。
重读全文，检查答案。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成，初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不
准得答案进行推敲。这时，应重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度检查文章是否有问题，根据上下文调整答案。
在平常练习中，填好的短文要读5遍以上，达到熟练的程度。熟读的目的是培养语感，积累语言材料。语感形成了，头脑中积累的语言材料丰富了之后，完形填空的做题能力在无形中也就有效地提高了。考生们做题要张弛有度，把握时间，速度要快。不用把文章全部细读一遍，可针对考点做题。注意每段话的首句，完型填空20道题目尽量控制在20分钟内做完。
育明考博提醒大家，我们平时除了专注复习外，还可以想招数不断激发学习英语的兴趣和激情，就一定会在考场上振翅高飞，飞向属于自己的理想王国！
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2015 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(北京卷) 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共7.5 分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。 例：What is the man going to read？ A．A newspaper B．A magazine C．A book 答案是A What kind of music does the woman like？ A．Classical music B. Rock music C.Country music 2. Which sweater will the man take? A．The red one B。The blue one C. The yellow one 3.How will the man pay？ A．In cash B.By credit card C.By traveler’s cheque 4.Where are the woman’s keys? A.In her pocket B.On the floor C.On the table 5.What will the man probably do tonight? A.Read Chapter 4 B.Study in the library C.Watch the football match 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6.What is the relationship between the two speakers？ A．Travel agent and customer B．Husband and wife C．Boss and secretary 7.When will the meetings end？ A．At3:00pm. B.At 5:00pm. C.At 6:30pm. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8.Where is the foreign language section？ A．In Row 3. B.In Row 5. C.In Row 7 9.What does the man decide to borrow? A.Novels. B.Biographies. C.Magazines 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.Why dose the man make the call? A.To ask for information B.To make an appointment
2012年课标全国卷高考真题解析样稿示例 第一节单项填空 21. A9 【2015·课标北京卷】___________ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up every early. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。根据语境，―为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车‖，用不定式表示目的，此处需要目的状语。所以，选C。 22. A11 【2015·课标北京卷】—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes, we __________well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 【答案与解析】A 考查动词时态和语态。根据上下文，这里谈的事举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，再加上―我们是被主人招待的‖，所以综合考虑，这里需要用过去时的被动式，选A. 23. A9【2015·课标北京卷】The park was full of people, _____________ themselves in the sunshine. A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。enjoying为现在分词做状语，充当句子的伴随状语，与前面的people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。所以选C。 24. A15【2015·课标北京卷】Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案与解析】D 考查定语从句。空格前面是一个表示地点的专有名词St. Paul’s Church，其后的定语从句中有主语和谓语，缺失的是表示地点的状语，相当于―在这个教堂里‖，所以选D。 25. A6 【2015·课标北京卷】He is a shy man, ___________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A. so B. but C. or D. as 【答案与解析】B 考查并列句的连接词。根据语境，“他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人”。but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。 26. A11【2015·课标北京卷】In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has mad B. had made C. was making D. is making 【答案与解析】A 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the last few years可知，在最近的几年里，是从过去到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时。 27. A11 【2015·课标北京卷】—Did you have any difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She _______________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give
(北京卷)2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分） 第一节（共5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例：What is the man going to rend? A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是A 1. What juice does the man order? A. Lemon B. Apple C. Orange 2. What subject does the man like best? A. History. B. Biology. C. Chemistry. 3. Where is the woman from? A. Britain. B. Russia. C. America. 4. What kind of student bus pass does the woman want? A. Weekly. B. Monthly. C. Yearly. 5. What are the two speakers going to nuy for Mary’s birthday? A. A bicycle. B. A pen. C. A book. 第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分） 听下面4 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独 白你将听两遍。 听第6 段材料，回答第6 至7 题。 6. What’s wrong with the woman ? A. She has a cough. B. She has a headache. C. She has a fever. 7. How long is the medicine for? A. One day. B. Two days. C. Three days. 听第7 段材料，回答第8 至9 题。 8. What does the woman need? A. Some ink. B. A printer. C. Some paper. 9. What problem does the man have? A. He can’t send a text m essage.. B. He can’t hear the woman clearly. C. He can’t be back to the office soon. 听第8 段材料，回答第10 至12 题。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例：What is the man going to read? A.A newspaper. B. A magazine. C. A book. 答案是A。 1. What kind of music does the woman like? A. Classical music. B. Rock music. C. Country music. 2. Which sweater will the man take? A. The red one. B. The blue one. C. The yellow one. 3. How will the man pay? A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By traveler’s cheque. 4. Where are the woman’s keys? A. In her pocket. B. On the floor. C. On the table. 5. What will the man probably do tonight? A. Read Chapter 4. B. Study in the library. C. Watch the football match. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Travel agent and customer. B. Husband and wife. C. Boss and secretary. 7. When will the meetings end? A. At 3:00 p.m. B. At 5:00 p.m. C. At 6:30 p.m. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. Where is the foreign language section? A. In Row 3. B. In Row 5. C. In Row 7. 9. What does the man decide to borrow? A. Novels. B. Biographies. C. Magazines. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man make the call? A. To ask for information. B. To make an appointment. C.T o send out an invitation. 11. What sport is the man interested in? A. Football. B. Basketball. C. Swimming.
第一节单项填空 21. A9 【2015·课标北京卷】___________ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up every early. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。根据语境，“为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车”，用不定式表示目的，此处需要目的状语。所以，选C。 22. A11 【2015·课标北京卷】—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes, we __________well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 【答案与解析】A 考查动词时态和语态。根据上下文，这里谈的事举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，再加上“我们是被主人招待的”，所以综合考虑，这里需要用过去时的被动式，选A. 23. A9【2015·课标北京卷】The park was full of people, _____________ themselves in the sunshine. A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。enjoying为现在分词做状语，充当句子的伴随状语，与前面的people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。所以选C。 24. A15【2015·课标北京卷】Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案与解析】D 考查定语从句。空格前面是一个表示地点的专有名词St. Paul’s Church，其后的定语从句中有主语和谓语，缺失的是表示地点的状语，相当于“在这个教堂里”，所以选D。 25. A6 【2015·课标北京卷】He is a shy man, ___________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A. so B. but C. or D. as 【答案与解析】B 考查并列句的连接词。根据语境，“他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人”。but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。 26. A11【2015·课标北京卷】In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has mad B. had made C. was making D. is making 【答案与解析】A 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the last few years可知，在最近的几年里，是从过去到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时。 27. A11 【2015·课标北京卷】—Did you have any difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She _______________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共三节, 满分30分) 做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: What is the man going to read？ A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是A ( )1. What kind of music does the woman like? A. Classical music. B. Rock music. C. Country music. ( )2. Which sweater will the man take? A. The red one. B. The blue one. C. The yellow one. ( )3. How will the man pay? A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By traveler’s cheque. ( )4. Where are the woman’s keys? A. In her pocket. B. On the floor. C. On the table. ( )5. What will the man probably do tonight? A. Read Chapter 4. B. Study in the library. C. Watch the football match. 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每 小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话
北京市西城区2015高三二模试卷 英语 2015.5 本试卷共14页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力理解 (共三节，30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题.从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例：What is the man going to read? A. A newspaper. B. A magazine. C. A book . 答案是A。 1. What will the woman do tomorrow night? A. Have dinner with the man. B. Work overtime in the office. C. Join the man for coffee. 2. What is the season now? A. Autumn. B. Spring. C. Summer. 3. Where does the dialogue probably take place? A. At the man’s home. B. At the dining hall. C. At the restaurant. 4. When will the woman probably get to the railway station? A. At 6:30 p.m. B. At 7:00 p.m. C. At 7:30 p.m. 5. What can we learn about the woman? A. She’s got a new job. B. She’s hunting for a job. C. She hired a foreigner. 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 听下面4段对话。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三
2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) 英语 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例： What is the man going to rend? A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是 A 1. What juice does the man order? A. Lemon B. Apple C. Orange 2. What subject does the man like best? A. History. B. Biology. C. Chemistry. 3. Where is the woman from? A. Britain. B. Russia. C. America. 4. What kind of student bus pass does the woman want? A. Weekly. B. Monthly. C. Yearly.
5. What are the two speakers going to buy for Mary’s birthday? A. A bicycle. B. A pen. C. A book. 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 听下面 4 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独 白你将听两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。 6. What’s wrong with the woman ? A. She has a cough. B. She has a headache. C. She has a fever. 7. How long is the medicine for? A. One day. B. Two days. C. Three days. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. What does the woman need? A. Some ink. B. A printer. C. Some paper. 9. What problem does the man have? A. He can’t send a text message.. B. He can’t hear the woman clearly. C. He can’t be back to the office soon. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What does the woman plan to do at first? A. To stay at home. B. In to eat out. C. To see a film.
2015武汉大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、武汉大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇15分，30小题。 Part2:完形填空10分，20小题。 Part3:阅读理解50分，25小题。 Part4:翻译10分，（英译汉300字的短文；汉译英300字短文）。 Part5:写作15分，200字左右。与学术有关的作文。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（15）（答案） 【2015高考复习】阅读理解 What is the most popular food in western countries? If you are not sure, statistics might give you the answer. Every year，some 20 million people walk into restaurants and buy 2 billion sandwiches. Americans alone eat more than 1 billion sandwiches annually. If you lined up all the sandwiches Westerners eat in a year, they would go around the world 13 times! When John Montagu made the very first sandwich in England in 1762, he couldn't have imagined that it would still be very popular almost 250 years later. There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country. Sandwiches are commonly carried to school or work in lunch boxes or brown paper bags to be eaten for lunch. They are also taken on picnics and hiking trips. Their long-lasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time. You can put everything you want inside a sandwich. They are easy to clean up after, nutritious and come in hundreds of different kinds. Well-known American chef Dave Lieberman adds another reason.“I think people like to touch their food, kids especially. It's just a natural instinct. You don't have to use a knife and fork to eat a sandwich，” he said. Sandwiches can be hot or cold with almost any kind of filling. One of the most popular kinds is the BLT—bacon，lettuce and tomato. Although it is a simple food, it can still be creative. Sandwiches can be served open-faced, with sushi inside or grilled with delicious fillings. 【语篇解读】西方国家最普遍的食物是什么？当约翰在英格兰做出第一份三明治时，他不会想到在几乎250年后的今天三明治仍然大受欢迎。三明治里面的馅各种各样，冷热均可食用。虽然三明治做法简单，但仍然具有创新性。三明治可以做成露馅的单片吃，可以在里面放入寿司，还可以加入美味馅烤着吃。 36．The author intends to________. A．tell us the histor y of sandwich-making B．introduce a popular food in the West C．show how sandwiches are made D．explain why westerners like sandwiches 答案 B [主旨归纳题。根据文章第一句话“What is the most popular food in western
2015北京高考英语听力试题及原文 第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分） 第一节（共5 小题；每小题1. 5 分，共7. 5 分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What kind of music does the woman like？ A. Classical music B. Rock music C. Country music 2. Which sweater will the man take? A. The red one B. The blue one C. The yellow one 3. How will the man pay？ A. In cash B. By credit card C. By traveler’s cheque 4. Where are the woman’s keys? A. In her pocket B. On the floor C. On the table 5. What will the man probably do tonight? A. Read Chapter 4 B. Study in the library C. Watch the football match 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What is the relationship between the two speakers？ A. Travel agent and customer B. Husband and wife C. Boss and secretary 7. When will the meetings end？ A. At3:00pm. B. At 5:00pm. C. At 6:30pm. 听第7段材料，回听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. Where is the foreign language section？ A. In Row 3. B. In Row 5. C. In Row 7 9. What does the man decide to borrow? A. Novels. B. Biographies. C. Magazines 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man make the call? A. To ask for information B. To make an appointment C. To send out an invitation 11. What sport is the man interested in? 2 A. Football B. Basketball C. Swimming 12. On what days is the sports center closed? A. Mondays B. Fridays C. Sundays 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 13. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. Rules of the school B. Course requirements C. Notices of the new term. 14. Which club will meet on Wednesdays? A. Baseball B. Dance C. Chess 15. When will the parents’evening for Year 8 be held? A. In September B. In October C. In November 第三节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，共7. 5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至第20五
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract