The Exploration of British Pub Culture and its Etiquette
Abstract:Pub, as a community culture, it plays a prominent role in the British life. For a foreigner, if you have not been to a pub, you have not been to the Britain. Because pub has a long history in Britain, it demonstrates some special characters of British. Pub, on the one hand, works as a place to rest, and it becomes a necessary part of the British people. On the other hand, pub is a center for British to communicate with each other. It is said that without the bar, the British life has no flavor. In this paper, it introduces the history of British pub, the types of pub, the kinds of wine, pub’s relationship with British society, pub influences on later generation, and some etiquettes and rules that foreigners should obey in detail. It is important for us to understand these features, which can help us to gain a deeper knowledge of British culture and integrate into the U.K.
Key Words: British pub culture; influence; etiquette
探究英国酒吧文化与礼仪
摘要：酒吧作为一种社区文化，在英国人的生活中占举足轻重的地位。对于一个外国人来说，如果你没去英国的酒吧转一转，就不能说自己真正地去过英国。因为酒吧在英国有着源远流长的历史，承载着英国人骨子里的一些特质。酒吧一方面作为英国人休息活动的场所，早已融入到人们的生活中。另一方面，酒吧也是人们交往活动的中心。可以说没有酒吧，英国人的生活就失去了气息。本文对英国酒吧的发展史，酒吧的种类，酒吧中酒的种类，酒吧与英国社会的联系，酒吧对英国后世的影响以及异国人去酒吧应该遵循的一些礼节和规则做了详细的介绍。对这些特点的了解有助于我们更深刻的理解英国文化，更好的融入英国社会。
关键字：英国酒吧文化；影响；礼仪
Contents
Abstract in English····························································································I Abstract in Chinese ··························································································I I
1.Introduction (1)
2.The British Pub Culture (1)
2.1 The Types of Wine (2)
2.2The Types of Pub (2)
2.3The Origin of Pub (3)
2.3.1 The Early Public Pub (3)
2.3.2 Tambo (4)
2.3.3 Waterside Pub (5)
3.The Reason of Pub Culture’s Prosperity and Propagation (6)
3.1 From the Perspective of Geography (7)
3.2 From the Perspective of Economy (8)
3.3 From the Perspective of British Society (8)
4.The Influence of British Pub Culture on Later Generation (9)
4.1 Connections Between Pub and Sports (10)
4.2 Connections Between Pub and Music (11)
4.3 Connections Between Pub and Literature (12)
5.The Etiquettes and Rules of British Pub (13)
5.1 Etiquettes ····································································错误！未定义书签。
5.2Rules ···········································································错误！未定义书签。
6.Conclusion (15)
Bibliography (17)
Acknowledgements······························································错误！未定义书签。
1.Introduction
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is located in the west of European continental shelf, which consists of England, Scotland, Welsh, Northern Ireland, and some small islands. In the aspect of culture, there is not a unified Britain culture, but it has England culture, Scotland culture, Welsh culture, Irish culture even though Asian-British culture. In general, these features of culture in common is the pub culture. Reportedly, if you want to make friends with the locals and know more about local conditions, you should go to the British pub. It is said that every street in every town has a tavern in England, and some of them lied in the corner. As Chinese small restaurants, the door of some pubs opened to one side or both sides of the street. And now in Britain, there are more than ten thousand different style bars, including centuries-old pubs. The British pub culture really has a long history.
This paper gives a comparative study on the British pub culture and the etiquettes. The author hopes to find a satisfied method through analyzing the history and the development of British pub culture. At the same time, the author also hopes this paper can provide some helpful suggestions for Chinese who want to visit to the U.K.
This paper is divided into six parts.In the first part, the author briefly introduces the background of this study, structure of the thesis. And it presents the development of the British pub culture in the second part. In the third part, the author suggests the reason of pub culture’s prosperity and propagation from three aspects. And the thesis analyzes the influence of British pub culture on later generation and illustrates the etiquettes and rules of British pub in the following parts. Finally, it provides some suggestions about the British pub culture.
This thesis is written on the purpose of introducing British pub culture to people who wants to gain more knowledge of the U.K.
2.The British Pub Culture
There is a long history of several centuries of drinking alcohol in pubs in Britain. In the past, only men could go to pubs to drink and enjoy after finishing their hard work. And women just stayed at home and did housework. Nowadays the picture has changed completely. Both men and women can go to pubs at any time as long as pubs open. Some pubs also welcome children who follow their parent (s).Even some pubs offer family menus for parents and children, and provide children with play area to encourage and attract families to visit their pubs.
2.1 The Types of Wine
The Britain pubs are countless. In general, most of pubs supply beer, grape wine, liquor, and soft drinks without alcohol. The water with bubbles usually is free. Firstly, we talk about beer. The beer is the common choice when British go to the pub. Drinking beer is a simple way to integrate into the society while the beer is just like a catalyst. It can help people quickly reduce the psychological distance. Although there are kinds of alcohols in pubs, it can divide into three parts.
In Britain pubs, the most representative beer is bitter. This kind of beer with a layer of white foam and it takes on red or amber. Bitter tastes dry and it has a lot of kick. The second kind of wine is lager. The lager has many brands, with light color and lightness hops and also tastes fresh. Basically every pub supply it. The third kind of beer is stout, which is the hottest wine. It is made up of malts and hops.
There is also a more distinctive wine called fruit wine. Its color likes general beer and tastes sweet, but is made with fruit. In addition, pubs also sell various wine, whisky, gin, and vodka.
If you do not want to drink wine, you can have some soft drinks without alcohol. For instance, juice, lemonade, coca-cola, etc.
2.2The Types of Pub
There are also a plenty of theme pubs in the U.K. They specially serve a group of people who have the same habit and interest. If a sports fan wants to talk about something about sports and make friends with sports fans, he (she) will consider going to a sports-theme-pub. For example, on match days, most football fans go to the football pubs to watch football live matches. Actually, there are many different kinds of theme pubs, such as rock pubs, book pubs, movie pubs, etc. In china, more and more theme pubs gradually appear and develop in some big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and are accepted and enjoyed by most Chinese people.
In the U.K., there are also other special types of pubs, such as country pubs, with the country atmosphere, usually in small scenic villages. Student pubs offer special places where students can get acquainted with or date with other students from different places or countries. International students usually prefer go to this type of pubs, in which they can make friends from other countries, meet somebody from their own countries, also practice English and learn the British culture at the same time(Sun 2).
2.3The Origin of Pub
The pub is an abbreviation of public house in Britain. Pub has a long history as a community culture. It has an alienable relationship with the England history and social life. Although today’s pub, whether decoration or scale, which is cannot mentioned in the same breath. But most of pubs decorated with ancient style and made guests feel at home. Many countryside pubs are so antique that you can guess its history and background story only through signboard. The Britain pub developed from the eleventh century, poorhouse to nowadays public house, and it has experienced every period, played a different social role, and contributed indelible contribution to Britain’s development.
2.3.1 The Early Public Pub
In the early eleventh century, after “William the Conqueror” controlling the England, and Britain’s economic entered into an age of ”extending without developing ”.Because the struggle for power for a long period, delaying the development of the British economic. At
that time 95% British settled in the rural place and relied on cultivating.
The implementation of the feudal serfdom system made many peasants become serf and tie in the manor. Serfs were exploitation and oppression by Lords. Most of serfs made living by renting lands, and they had no chance to travel around. Moreover, England was scarcely populated and the traffic was underdevelopment. So, it is inconvenient for British to move around. The only motivation of British away from home is to go to Church, because they want to get a solace of mental and emancipation of physical. Pilgrims recked little of the danger and trudged hundreds of miles to pray. Monks of many monasteries were moved by their sincerity. Thus, monks built some workhouses, warmly received and helped those who were in need, and provided accommodation to pilgrims. Because of the poor condition at that time, all guests lived together and slept on the grass. With the improvement of the condition, some wealthy men enjoyed a separate room. In stage of the Protestant Reformation, a large of monasteries were dissolved, but some workhouses were survived for well-known. So far in Glastonbury, people still saw a hotel named “George and Pilgrim”.
The origin of another kind of pub is associated with church. After William acceding to the throne, following the Latin culture, especially with a large number of Normandy priests coming to England, and great changes have been taken place in the Church of England and monasteries. They improved the culture level of church and monastery, at the same time, they built many churches and monasteries in countryside. Due to the need of building, the local priests set up temporary residence for builders near the church. After the completion of church, these rooms were in charge of priests. Then, they began to take some hikers and make money. The third hotel was built by the medieval manor and managed by the housekeeper, or leaving the old house after walking around with the family. This kind of pub is still having the family name or badge.
2.3.2 Tambo
The rise of tambo is connected with the development of England road traffic. As the economic grows, the England population increased and commercial activities developed. To adapt with the economic, the traffic condition was improved, especially the transportation
developed rapidly during the English Revolution Parliament called labors to repair roads because of military necessity during the wartime. The increasing of wartime mails forced the carriage for transporting mails to deliver on time. When the war ended, some main streets to London ran a small amount carriages. Because of the bad conditions of road, the poor spring of carriage, and the time-consuming travels, traveling by car often bring the pain of body and test the strength. Tambo appeared in order to make travelers easier.
By the eighteenth century, traffic condition improved, the building of tamboes reached prime time, and some major taverns began to appear. Indoor conditions greatly improved, so travelers got a better service. In the age of carriage as the main means of transportation, because of horse limited energy, they needed rest in the halfway and recruited provisions, while tambo was the best place. These tamboes expanded stables in the backyard and prepared feed; In the lobby, the owner of these tamboes prepared wine and food for every guest, warmly welcome visitors, and rendered services for them.The hotel also prepared rooms for those who needed to stay overnight, so guests can enjoy themselves. In 1784,when mail-coach introduced, some tamboes became a transfer station to exchange horses and riders. And the owner served as the local postman. They help to distribute and collect mails. Up to now, people can still see used postbox in a pub named “George Dragon”.
Although tamboes developed fast, without adapting with the rapid development of economic. They was a flash in the pan in the Britain history. With the coming of Industrial Revolution and the construction of railways, many tamboes disappeared. Only after with the development of automobile industry, some tamboes revived again.
2.3.3 Waterside Pub
The Great Britain surrounded by the sea, and its coastline was complicated. The special geographical environment formed numerous harbors and it is the main reason of advanced seafaring of England and started early of the world trade. Geography and climate of the Britain also formed rivers. In his a little land, rivers are tensely distributed and it has a great significant of British life, transportation, and agriculture. With the increasingly frequent commercial activities on the sea and inland water transportation, there were some taverns
around waterside and harbor. Businessmen and people who crossed river by boat both can wait in these pubs. In general, boatmen prepared some wine for waiting people in his own room in order to kill time. At the same time they hope that guests can talk more outside news. This is the rudiment of waterside pub.
By the eighteenth century, in order to adapt to the industrial development and provide convenient condition for transporting goods, so England dug a lot of canals. Taverns along canals became places for water trading and for boatmen distributing and collecting mails like tamboes. Thus, for example, those pubs named “Boat” “Ship” “Navigation” “B arge”were productions of that age. When the railway replaced the water transportation, the waterside pubs were abandoned.
Recently, the entertainment industry developed, more and more people enjoy themselves to play water on weekends. Rivers is cleaned, water activities come alive, and the used pubs were full of vitality again. Visitors can sit in the pub appreciating the beautiful scenery by window when they tired, and they can also enjoy the sunshine in the platform. Even some of the pub owner is unique, they put tables in boats in the water and guests sit in boats drinking or talking.
3.The Reason of Pub Culture’s Prosperity and Propagation
Pub was derived from European Continental, but why it is popular in England and spread all over the world across the ocean? The key reason is that it is related with geographical environment, climate, and economy.
Geography is the mother of history and it is closely related with the formation and the development of culture. The geographical environment of a country or a nation exerted a great influence on the national character. Historically, England special island environment created advantages for seafaring, development of navy, expansion, and the building of powerful empire. The island geography and glorious history made British proud and exclusive character and it also influenced every aspect of British social life.
3.1 From the Perspective of Geography
Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic
Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the
English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. England from north to south is 1,000 kilometers, the widest place is 500 kilometers and covers an area of 244,100 square kilometers. Therefore, any part of the country is not far from the sea coast and it rich in resources. The England coast is long and it has deep-water port. The British sea channel extends to inland, so it provides lower transportation.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are lowlands.
Britain has a temperate maritime climate, which is mild and humid throughout the year. It also has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. But the weather changes frequently each day. Sometimes a person can experience four seasons in one day. Morning is sunny like spring. After one or two hours, the clouds gathered and showers poured down. At noon, the temperature fell 8 degrees like winter. The weather would be summer before dark. It is said that the uncertainty weather has a great influence on the British character and they are cautions. So the British people always go out with an umbrella. And the conversation between strangers usually start from talking about the weather, like “it’s a nice day, isn’t it?” That is to say, when communicating with British people, talking about the weather will show your friendship. Because the weather is not suitable for people doing outdoors activities, most of British choose to go to pub enjoy
themselves and relax. This is the key reason is that pub is more popular in England than other countries in the world.
3.2 From the Perspective of Economy
In early eleventh century, England economic developed slowly, 95%people lived in countryside. At the end of fifteenth century, Columbus discovered the new continent, unprecedented development of seafaring, and European merchants with great joys. In the old days, they can only travel back and forth in the Mediterranean, but now, the Pacific, the Atlantic even the whole world became their business market. The space was expanded and it means that it was convenient for them to make money. Britain is one of the earliest world’s economic developed countries. In the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it became the world’s first industrialized country. Before the Industrial Revolution, Britain is an agricultural country to protect their own agricultural and restricted import agricultural products, which adapted for the benefit of the people at large. After the Industrial Revolution, the majority of British engaged in the industry and commerce, and workers were demanding better pay. The good economic conditions and high industrialization provides people with facilities for entertainment, and people have time to make friends and relax themselves. Naturally, the pub is the first choice for people to do activities. Therefore, the formation and prosperity of pub has an inextricable connection with Britain economic.
3.3 From the Perspective of British Society
In the development process for thousands of years, British pub culture has already infiltrated through all aspects of British society. During the initial stage of pub establishment, it made outstanding contributions to the development of the cause of the religious. Later, pub as the business activities of the intermediary place to promote the development of Britain economic. Pub also played a certain role in the political field. It is said that Charles I and Charles II hid in pub to keep away from hunting of enemy soldiers. In 1605,England religious and King had an irreconcilable conflict, and British Catholics conceived “Gunpowder Plot” in a pub named “Red Lion”,which was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby and they even planned to blow up the houses of parliament.In later 18 centuries, there was an outstanding Enlightenment thinker named Thomas Paine, a radical propertied class democrat,
finished a world famous masterpiece named “Rights of Man”.
Pub is an important place where all kinds of clubs, associations, and organizations can organize activities. It is said that cricket and football initially created in the pub. Today, the using rules of cricket match firstly formulated in a pub named “Hamm Breton” in eighteenth century. Nowadays, the habit of British fans drinking and watching football match is famous in the world. Pub provided opportunity for the development of sports and music. British come to the pub, drinking and chatting, listening to music, even some young people dancing gracefully with the music. And there are some music lovers take their own instruments to display skills. Therefore, pub became a place of playing music. For example, the world famous the Beatles, its founder John Lennon and his partners played music that influenced several generations in a pub named Cavern in Liverpool Matthew street.
4. The Influence of British Pub Culture on Later Generation
The British pub culture can spread all over the world is closely related with the expansion of Britain, the promotion of English, and the development of modern technology. During the region of Elizabeth I, the UK world trade was well-developed. After defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588, the UK dominated the seas and opened up the future of the Great Britain. The UK put their own culture into on the colonies and made them accept its life style through colonial expansion. Especially in recent decades, English has become the international language, many of the youth are desire for studying idiomatic English. Britain’s rich cultural connotation and peaceful social atmosphere attracted many students. These young people learned advanced knowledge and technology and also influenced by the UK culture. On the other hand, pub culture is also derived from the spread of globalization of communications and media technology. Nowadays, people not only share technology information, also cultural resources, and the western culture is accepted by more and more people. Besides, t ransnational tourism also provides convenient conditions for the spreading of bar culture All in all, the British pub culture exerted influence on later generation.
4.1 Connections Between Pub and Sports
The British pub culture with a history of a thousand old years, in the meanwhile, it is a favorite place for British people. They like to have a drink at the local pub, go for a walk in the country, work in the garden or watch sports on the television on weekends or when their daily shifts at work have ended. Such activities tell us about how modern British like to enjoy their leisure time; but if we look more closely, we can see these activities are not just recent inventions, but are deeply rooted in the British experience over centuries. Going to a public house for a glass of ale, working the land or going to watch a ball game were familiar activities in Shakespeare’s time. And because many of the sports we see played throughout the world today were born in Britain, the history of such activities is of interest to people everywhere.
With time goes by, pub changed in forming. Now, the most popular pub is “Sports Bar”in London, it means that pub with a big screen television and people drinking and watching sports programs. The most attractive program is football match.
Football is a hot topic in pubs. In the past, Britain was a mainly agricultural society with
most people involved in farming, where the timing of harvests and the general weather affected ho people spent their time. Football is a violent sport and it still played in winter and early spring when the weather is cool and often wet. People often stayed indoors when the weather was bad in the winter and there was not heavy work to do on the farmland. Men found that they required to release excess energy through doing sports, so they got together and invented a fast game named football. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the “sport” of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. While all social classes used to join in the local football match, during the Renaissance the idea began to emerge that some sports were too rough for aristocratic young men. Today, football violence gets a lot of attention. The organizers strictly controlled every step of game, such as selling tickets and ensuring the security of every viewer. Because they should guarantee that spectators can enjoy the game. The Football Association is the league that major teams compete in, for a trophy title known as the FA Cup.
The British had a habit of drinking while watching football match. The England fans must go to pub when there is a football match. Especially in the European Cup or the World Cup, pubs are overcrowding. British would like to huddle together rather than stay at home. Many friends and fans are cheering and drinking beer in the pub, and the hot atmosphere affected each person.
Pub owners took the opportunity to carry banners with the words “Please go inside and watch football match.”British football fans provide a good chance for pub owners making money and the business is prospering. In 2002,there was a match between England team and Demark team, on this day, the sales of pub beer reached up to 80 million pounds. According to the Xinhua News Agency reporters in London in 2004,June,the British Pub and Beer Association estimated that the war between England and France brought 30million pounds extra earnings to pubs. Obviously, the British sports have a close relationship with pubs.
4.2 Connections Between Pub and Music
The pub is British leisure place, naturally, it also holds many recreational activities. People can participate in various activities, such as witty games, singing live, dancing with music, etc. Men and women, especially young people in twenties were ready to dance with hot music, dressed in casual clothes and gathered in pub on weekends. They were indulged in the charming music notes, when the jazz music rings, they couldn’t help jumping with joy.
Their crazy were releasing and relaxing.
Pub cannot without music and music is the soul of it. The music gives a certain cultural connotation to the pub, and made it have a deep meaning. The pub brought a ray of sunshine into British life and created a number of prominent talents. In the early sixteenth century, the British strolling players often set up stage in the pub’s central courtyard, and rich people could sit in the balcony of pub; poor people only could crowed around stage.This is the early British theatre artist and is also a living debut place. Today, popular music often begin to spread from the pub, and many popularity bands kicked off their performance in the local small pubs.
Today’s Liverpool, hometown of rock music, there are hundreds of bands, and each boy has a brilliant dream as same as the Beatles. Besides, pub is a place where people can show their music talent. People can take their own instrument, gather in the pub, and give a concert. Some people soloed, some people gave a recital, and others sang in chorus. There are also some pubs invite pop band to perform for guests, which only need to buy a cup of drink and watch a free live music performance. On this occasion, the most relax thing is drinking beer, listening to music, and lighting up a cigar.
4.3 Connections Between Pub and Literature
Pub has special status in British heart and it decided the close relationship with literature. From ancient times the British was interested in wine, so pub became a good place where they could relax and meet friends. The British country pub surrounded by a rural scene of woodland, which attracted countless poets and writers to express their feelings. It was said that Shakespeare was regular guest of pubs, and he also wrote script with drinking beer. Many other famous writers and poets also stayed or wrote British pub, which became a special scenery in the history of English literature.
The famous English writer Geoffrey Chaucer described the story of 30 pilgrims who meet by chance at the Tabard Inn in Southwark, London, and journey together to the shrine of St Thomas Becket in Canterbury cathedral. He wrote:“ Great cheer our host gave to us, every one/And to the supper set us all anon/And served us then with victuals of the best/Strong was the wine and pleasant to each guest”(Chaucer 55). The British scholar Samuel Johnson said:“ There is nothing which has yet been contrived by man by which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern or inn.”
Dickens, the greatest critical realist writer contained many references to British pub or
文明礼仪的作文300字集锦6篇 文明，几乎在每一刻都存在。不管在什么时候，就拿这一次来说说吧。 我约了几个小伙伴下楼来玩。小李说：“咱们玩三个字吧！”“好啊！”我和小王异口同声地说。“剪子、包袱、锤”结果小王输了，我和小李胜了。小王开始抓我和小李，第一次小王抓到了小李，可就剩一点才能抓住呢！可小王偏偏说他抓住了小李，小李执着地说：“哼，你耍赖！你要再这样，我们就不带你玩了！”“呸”小王吐了小李一口唾沫。“你干嘛？”小李说。“我不干嘛！”小王说。话音才刚落，小王就出了一拳，小李不服气，也给了小王一拳。就这样，他们便激烈地打了起来。小李说：“你不讲理。”小王没好气地说：“我就不讲理！”两人打得不分胜负。我生气地说：“别打了，别打了！”可他们还在继续打。我说：“既然咱们做了朋友，就必须互相帮助，哪有当了朋友就互相打架的。”我讲完以后，他们停了下来。小王不好意思地说：“我……不应该这样，对……不起！”小李高兴地说：“没关系！”两人就拉起手来继续高兴地做游戏。 看，这样的事例我想不止一个，所以朋友之间要互相帮助，这样才能创造出一个和谐的社会。 20xx这四个数字虽然普通，但意义重大，你们应该的都知道20xx年是青奥会吧，而且还在南京举行，这样的消息让人心情澎湃，作为一个南京人应该更加激动万分。 为了让青奥会在南京开展的更加精彩，作为一个南京人应该礼貌、文明待人、保护环境的新风。我们应该这样做： 我们小学生在学校不许说脏话；在家里帮父母做一些力所能及的家务活；在社会要尊老爱幼，看见需要帮助的人应该积极去帮他们；乘共汽车看见老、弱、病、残或孕妇应该主动让座；我们每个人应该文明待人，礼貌待人，让我们人与人之间架起一座理解的桥梁。我们更要保护环境，现在的汽车越来越多，走在马路上不是飘来一股尾气特别刺鼻，我们应该多骑自行车，这样又锻炼自己有保护力环境，有的人吃完东西垃圾随便丢，还有的人吃完东西，垃圾箱就在旁边他不丢进去就丢在地上，本来地上没有一点脏给他丢了东西多难看呀，有垃圾向他不丢，没垃圾箱她埋怨，这样的人心态一旦也不好。 让我们一起作文明待人，保护环境的南京人吧！让我们文明过年共同迎青奥，我们的南京更加漂亮美丽！ 在当今社会的大千世界，科学技术随着人类进步的脚步快速推进，但是，在人类信息技术发展的同时，文明礼仪却随之减少了。为什么文明礼仪会随之减少呢？为什么文明礼仪不被人们视为社交最重要的东西呢？然而，造成这一切的一切的罪魁祸首，就是我们——人类。 在现代社会，随地吐痰、乱扔垃圾、踩踏草坪、说粗口话、乱骂人这些不好的习惯仿佛都已成为人们一天中必不可少的事，如果一不小心，就可能染上这些不好的习惯。有句俗话说的好，习惯成自然，习惯一旦养成，如果不及时发现，不及时改正，那么，不好的习惯，可能会伴随终身。但是，在现代，不良习惯仿佛已经深入了我们的生活，就算是在被礼仪和知识所围绕的校园，也难免不会发生不文明的现象。这是多么让人伤心啊！如果我们每天清晨醒来，伴随在明媚的、灿烂的阳光中的，是那难听的粗口话，我们每天的生活还能快乐、还能幸福吗？所以，文明礼仪要从自己做起、从家庭做起、从生活中的点点滴滴做起！ 文明礼仪需要大家来构造，来吧，让我们携起手来，共同创造一个被文明、礼仪所围绕的幸福家园！ 文明礼仪要从我做起，从现在做起！从身边的每一件小事做起，从身边的每一个动作做起。说文明话，做文明人。我们的一言一行，一举一动都要以文明的行为来规范，自己管理自己，自己教育自己，文明礼貌，诚实守信，学会关心，学会合作，让文明礼仪之花在我们的`校园里处处盛开。 我们是祖国的未来，民族的希望，(.)肩负着国家富强，社会进步的历史使命。育人为本，
1 相关理论研究 1.1酒吧的起源与文化的诞生 在许多人斑斓模糊的记忆里，酒吧是西方都市影集中，一幅幅频繁出现的历史老照片。伴随工业革命的高歌猛进，从18世纪到19世纪，一座座繁华的都市从西方的地平线上拔地而起。酒吧也仿佛在一夜之间成了这繁华都市炫耀展览的橱窗。然而，酒吧有着怎样的历史?它在何时出现?为何出现?又如何繁荣发展起来的?对此，我们却所知甚少。 很多事情的起源都是一个故事，酒吧也不例外。 酒吧是洋货，来自英国，谈起源先要看他的英文名字：Bar ，这个词的本意是条、棒。原意是指一种出售酒的长条柜台，最初出现在路边小店、小客栈、小餐馆中，即在为客人提供基本的食物及住宿外，也提供使客人兴奋的额外休闲消费。随后，由于酒的独特魅力以及酿酒业的发展，人们消费水平不断提高，这种‘, Bar ' ’便逐渐从客栈、餐馆中分离出来，成为专门销售酒水、供人休闲的地方，它可以附属经营，也可以独立经营。很多美国西部片里都会有这样的镜头：黄沙漫天，一人一骑飞快的驰入小镇。接着，风尘仆仆的牛仔跳下坐骑，牵着马儿走到一间小店前，把疆绳系在门口横着的木头上，然后用力推开门大步进店，留下门扇在身后来回晃悠。多数情况下，牛仔们是进去喝酒的，他们所进的店就是酒吧了。也有人说Bar 本来指的是他们系马疆绳的那根木头，大概这个名字叫着响亮，大家也就用它来称呼酒吧了。 2001 年的好莱坞歌舞大片《红磨坊》再现了19 世纪末巴黎的盛世浮华，这个酒和歌舞的盛宴将鼎盛时期的艺术之都表现的淋漓尽致，那时的巴黎不仅诞生浮华，还诞生文学、绘画、雕塑……酒吧是大师们的重要活动场所，在巴黎各种各样的酒吧里，他们交流着心得，探讨艺术的未来，很多人直接在酒吧创作。著名作家左拉就写了个叫《小酒馆》的小说。这些大师们的风云集会，形成了文化艺术史上的传奇，造就了一个又一个的巅峰。这些大师们逗留过的酒吧如今都成了巴黎的名胜，因为著名，酒吧们得以按照理想的方式发展，变得更加特色鲜明，自身的魅力也长盛不衰。酒吧在将大师们推上艺术巅峰的同时，本身也成了艺术的化身，而这种结合则进一步升华，成了文化的一个标志。 1.2酒吧的发展 酒吧的诞生和发展伴随着西方现代文化的产生和发展，在现代文明的揉合下，很快风靡全球。经过不断的演变与发展。酒吧，到现在已经在它的功用性上
英国有哪些餐桌礼仪 英国餐桌礼仪 英国人在餐厅，拿到菜单英国人会说Thank you!，点了餐会说Thank you!，上了菜会说Thank you!，拿到帐单会说Thank you!，就算他付钱给你的时候也会对你说Thank you!。对于这样的周到，即使是出自礼仪之邦的中国人恐怕也是很难适应的。 对于餐桌的礼仪英国人是很注重对孩子的从小培养，从孩子上餐桌的第一天起，家长就开始对其进行有形或无形的餐桌礼仪教育，希望帮助孩子养成良好的进餐习惯同时学会良好的进餐礼仪。所以在英国的餐厅里，你听不到有人大声吆喝着服务员或小姐，也听不到哪一桌子的人在那里高谈阔论。相反，即使他们可能头一天就想好了今天吃什么，也会很耐心的看完菜单，然后静静的坐在那里等待服务生过来点菜;就算他们坐在一个容易被遗忘的角落，也会尽量用眼神或挥手同服务员沟通而尽可能避免发出任何声音。就餐时，每个人都会在自己的座位上静静的用餐，悄悄的说话，甚至用微笑代替大笑，生怕打扰到周围的人。当然，诸如喝汤不能发出声音，要闭嘴咀嚼食物，而且一定要在食物咽下去之后才能开口说话这些传统西餐礼仪也都是英国餐桌礼仪的重要组成部分。 英国餐桌礼仪的几大部分 1.预约：
在西方去饭店吃饭一般都要事先预约，在预约时，有几点要特别注意说清楚，首先要说明人数和时间，其次要表明是否要吸烟区或视野良好的座位。如果是生日或其他特别的日子，可以告知宴会的目的和预算。在预定时间到达，是基本的礼貌，有急事时要提前通知取消定位一定要道歉。 再昂贵的休闲服，也不能随意穿着上高档西餐厅吃饭，穿着得体是欧美人的常识。去高档的西餐厅，男士要穿整洁;女士要穿晚礼服或套装和有跟的鞋子，女士化妆要稍重因为餐厅内的光线较暗，如果指定穿正式的服装的话，男士必须打领带，进入餐厅时，男士应先开门，请女士进入，应请女士走在前面。入座、点酒都应请女士来品尝和决定。 一般西餐厅的营业时间为中午11点半至下午、晚上6点半后开始晚餐，如果客人早到了可以先在酒吧喝点酒然后再进入主餐厅。 2.就坐 就坐后可以不急于点菜，有什么问题可以直接问服务生，他们一般都非常乐意回答你提出的任何问题呢，若他们不是很清楚会问询餐厅经理或主厨。 就餐时间太早，中午11点或下午5点半就到了西餐厅、匆匆吃完就走、在餐桌上大谈生意、衣着不讲究、主菜吃的太慢影响下一道菜，或只点开胃菜不点主菜和甜点都是不礼貌的行为。 高档西餐的开胃菜虽然份量很小，却很精致，值得慢慢品尝。餐后可以选择甜点或奶酪、咖啡、茶等等，不同的国
英国人喝茶的礼仪文化及风俗 下面一起来看看英国人喝茶文化的礼仪及风俗介绍吧，希望对你有帮助!英国人喝茶的礼仪1、喝下午茶的最正统时间是下午四点钟(就是一般俗称的Low Tea)2、在维多利亚时代，男士是着燕尾服，女士则着长袍。 每年在白金汉宫的正式下午茶会，男性来宾则仍着燕尾服，戴高帽及手持雨伞;女性则穿白天洋装，且一定要戴帽子。 3、通常是由女主人着正式服装亲自为客人服务。 非不得以…才请女佣协助以表示对来宾的尊重。 4、一般来讲，下午茶的专用茶为祁门红茶，大吉岭与伯爵茶、锡兰红茶，若是喝奶茶，则是先加牛奶再加茶。 5、正统的英式下午茶的点心是用三层点心瓷盘装盛，第一层放三明治、第二层放传统英式点心Scone、第三层则放蛋糕及水果塔;由下往上开回吃。 至于Scone的吃法是先涂果酱、再涂奶油，吃完一口、再涂下一口。 6、点心食用礼仪。 由淡而重由咸而甜。 茶点的食用顺序应该遵从味道由淡而重，由咸而甜的法则。 先尝尝带点咸味的三明治，让味蕾慢慢品出食物的真味，再啜饮几口芬芳四溢的红茶。
接下来是涂抹上果酱或奶油的英式松饼，让些许的甜味在口腔中慢慢散发，最后才由甜腻厚实的水果塔，带领你亲自品尝下午茶点的最高潮。 7、严谨的态度。 这是一种绅士淑女风范的礼仪，最重要是当时因茶几乎仰赖中国的输入，英国人对茶品有着无与伦比的热爱与尊重，因此在喝下午茶过程难免流露出严谨的态度。 甚至，为了预防茶叶被偷，还有一种上了锁的茶柜，每当下午茶时间到了，才委由女佣取钥匙开柜取茶。 8、品赏精致的茶器。 凯瑟琳公主视茶为健美饮料，嗜茶、崇茶，被人称为是“饮茶皇后。 由于她的倡导和推动，使饮茶之风不仅在英国宫庭内盛行起来，继而又扩展到王公贵族和贵豪世家，乃至普通百姓。 ，英国诗人沃勒在凯瑟琳公主结婚一周年之际，特地写了一首有关茶的赞美诗：“花神宠秋月，嫦娥矜月桂;月桂与秋色，难与茶比美。 英国人好饮红茶，特别崇尚汤浓味醇的牛奶红茶和柠檬红茶。 伴随而来的，还出现了反映西方色彩的茶娘、茶座、茶会以及饮茶舞会等。 目前，英国人喝茶，多数在上午10时至下午5时进行。 倘有客人进门，通常也中人有在这时间段内，才有用茶敬客之举。 他们特别注重午后饮茶，其源始于18世纪中期，因英国人重视早
文明礼仪作文20篇 文明礼仪作文（一）： 文明礼仪是无处不在的，它体现的是一个人的道德修养素质的高低，它也能促进人与人之间的友谊。文明包括不乱吐痰、不乱扔纸屑、不说脏话……礼仪包括公交车让座、扶老人过马路……如果你做到了这些，我就明白你的文明素质如何，因为在这细节中已有了答案。而在现实生活中，有许多与文明素质不高对号入座的行为，都是人们在不经意时构成习惯后在举手投足中表现出来的。 中华民族悠悠五千年历史，给我们留下了宝贵的文化遗产中华礼仪。而我们如何让文明礼仪在学校里源远流长呢？首先，作为学生，我们必须要着装得体，贴合学生身份，体现出小学生篷勃向上的风采，因为仪表、仪容、仪态能够让人一看便明白你的修养。其次，课堂礼仪直接关系着一个班的荣誉与风貌，也体现了我们对教师劳动的尊重和肯定。我们应当认真听课，进取举手，服从教师管理和理解值勤同学的指令。 再次，课间礼仪也很重要，下课后的休息时间，不随地吐痰、乱扔纸屑、不拿粉笔头玩、上下楼梯一律靠右行走、见教师要用普通话主动问好，受到教师的帮忙，应主动诚恳地说多谢。最终，同学之间也离不开礼仪，它像润滑剂悄悄滋润着我们的关系。在发生争执或矛盾时，应当先对自我的行为进行反省。互相理解、宽容待人，培养比
较好的协作精神，这才能使班级更加团结、同学友谊更加深厚。中国以礼仪大国、礼仪之邦的美誉著称于世。我们作为新世纪的接班人，更要继承先辈们的优良传统。把这属于中华民族传统美德发扬光大，我们作为小学生，要从小养成文明文明、尊敬师长、爱护同学的良好行为习惯，成为一个品行兼优的好少年 文明礼仪作文（二）： 中国是一个文明古国，讲文明，懂文明是我们每个人应尽的义务，是做一个中国人必备的条件。如果每个人都具备好的文明素质，中国人的整体素质必将提高。 我经常坐一路公交车，车上有一排老弱病残的专用座位，可是我发现，坐在这排座位人的并不是一些老弱病残者，而是一些身强力壮的年轻人、小学生。并且，如果公交车的座位都座满后，乘客们就不会给后上来的老年、孕妇们让座，仅有在监票人的提醒后，才会有人极情愿地站起来。 其实文明是由细节构成的，反思我们的所作所为，可见文明离我们还有一段距离。在我们的生活中依然有一些不文明的事情发生：乱丢果皮纸屑，随意践踏花草树木，出口就说脏话，损坏公共财物。 有很多同学把文化知识的学习放在首位，而忽略了文明习惯的养成，事实上，良好的行为习惯，是保证我们顺利学习的前题。在生活中，注意您的思想，您的言语，您的行为。做文明时代的我们，忘记文明，等于后退。让我们的生活中多一些文明，少一些蛮不讲理。完美的社会，来自我们的努力。用我们语言让社会更文明，用我们的行
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 从功能分析的角度试析广告英语中语言的性别差异 2 《愤怒的葡萄》的生态主义分析 3 初中生英语听力理解的障碍因素及对策 4 从象征主义手法的运用浅析弗图纳多之死 5 苔丝之罪是谁之过 6 试探吸血鬼文化的起源 7 中式英语特点及发展趋势 8 《药》的两个英译本中翻译技巧比较 9 论狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想 10 从《马拉喀什》和《射象》看乔治?奥威尔散文的艺术风格 11 论标示语汉英翻译中的等效问题 12 A Comparative Study o n the Two Chinese Versions of Tess of the D’urbervilles from the Perspective of Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence 13 论第二语言习得与教学中的互动 14 CBI理论诠释及在英语教学中的应用 15 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“盖茨比”人物象征主义的运用 16 《玉石雕像》中的非言语交流 17 A Probe Into the Translation of the Hot Cyber Word—“Geili” 18 多丽丝莱辛的《金色笔记》中安娜的政治困惑分析 19 由王尔德的《莎乐美》探究法国象征主义对其唯美主义的影响 20 论中文电视栏目名称的英语翻译 21 对《一小时的故事》的批评分析 22 The Pursuit of Freedom and Love in E.M. Forster’s A Room with a View 23 从跨文化角度看电影标题汉译英 24 《厄舍屋之倒塌》中的哥特元素分析 25 《推销员之死》中的反英雄主义 26 论《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物悲剧的必然性 27 从奥斯丁和伍尔夫看英国女权主义思潮的演变 28 分析奥利弗退斯特悲剧生活的原因 29 从《绝望主妇》析字幕翻译的目的和归化策略 30 文化视野下的中美家庭教育方法的比较 31 论《英国病人》中角色的自我认知 32 A Comparative Study of Women in Fortress Besieged and Pride and Prejudice 33 中英酒吧文化对比 34 论《紫色》中的姐妹情谊 35 从《推销员之死》看消费主义时代美国梦的破灭 36 中英称谓语的差异 37 An Analysis of the Fool in King Lear from the Perspective of New Historicism 38 论交际法在初中英语教学中的运用 39 文化因素对品牌翻译的影响 40 《道连葛雷的画像》叙事艺术的分析 41 基于认知的颜色词隐喻研究
民俗资料雾都英国的习俗礼仪 英国全称是‘大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国‘简称联合王国，简称英国。 英国是欧洲西部的群岛国家，面积25.4万平方公里，人口5650万，其中英格兰人占83%。主要宗教是新教和罗马天主教。首都伦敦，被称为‘世界雾都‘。有时数天浓雾不散。几步之外什么都看不听清。 现英国政府实行君主立宪，责任内阁制。国会分上、下两院。下院议员由人民选举，任期5年。上院由世袭或加封之贵族、教士或社会贤达组成。此外，内阁掌握政权，阁员由首相提名，经由国王同意任命。此外，首相为下议院多数党领袖，有权解散、改选下议院。王位继承，无子时由长女继任。现任国王为伊丽沙白二世。 英国有‘世界工场‘之称。英国是世界上工业化最早的国家。到1850年,英国工业生产占世界总产量的39%,贸易量占世界贸易量的21%,均居世界第1位。煤和钢铁总产量都占世界总产量的一半以上。 目前，英国是世界第4贸易大国,是依靠对外贸易发展本国经济的国家,是世界上最大的工业原料和食品进口国之一。 英国的国民特性与其文化背景密切相关。英国的经济发展较早,在大部分外国人的眼里,英国人‘自命清高‘和‘难于接近‘。但是，事实上,也并非完全如此,他们之间善于互相理解,能体谅别人。无论办什么事情,总是尽可能不留坏印象,绅士风度,处处可见。他们懂得如何造就一个协调的环境,让大家和谐而愉快地生活。职业感强烈,是英国人的另一大特性。选择了一种职业,就一定要让自己的业务精益求精。商务交往中,他们重交情,不刻意追求物质，不掂斤拨两，一副大家的作风。对商务谈判,他们往往不做充分的准备，细节之处不加注意,显得有些松松垮垮。但英国商人很和善、友好,易于相处。因此,遇到问题也易于解决。他们好交际,善应变,有很好的灵活性,对建设性的意见反映积极。在英国,‘外表决定一切‘,与英国人交往要尽量避免感情外露。受到款待一定要致谢,事后致函表示谢意,更能引起注意,赠送小礼品能增加友谊。在英国经商,必须属守信用，答应过的事情,必须全力以赴,不折不扣地完成。 英国的礼俗丰富多彩,彼此第一次认识时,一般都以握手为礼，不像东欧人那样常常拥抱。随便拍打客人被认为是非礼的行为,即使在公务完结之后也如此。英国人有些禁忌须注意,如他们从不从梯子下走过,在屋里不撑伞,从不把鞋子放在桌子上,和人像做装潢等。 英国人注意服装,穿着要因时而异。他们往往以貌取人,仪容态度尤须注意。英国人讲究穿戴,只要一出家门,就得衣冠楚楚。虽然英国人已无昔日的雄风,可是自负心特别强。中、上层的人士由于地着舒适的生活，因此,养成了一种传统的‘绅士‘、‘淑女‘风度。但他们守旧,一般都热衷于墨守成规,矜持庄重。一般家庭喜爱以前几代传下来的旧家俱、旧摆设、旧钟表而炫耀于人。首都伦敦有许多‘百年老店‘,而且越是著名的商店,越对原有的式样或布置保持得越完整。汽车发动机虽然换上新型号的了,但车型还要尽量保持过去的老样子。伦敦有两家邮局,一年365天昼夜营业，从不休息，据说这是遵循英国的古老传统而保留下来的。 英国人性格孤僻,生活刻板,办事认真，对外界事情不感兴趣,往往寡言少语,对新鲜事物持谨慎态度,具有独特的冷静的幽默。他们保守、冷漠，感情轻意不外露,即便有很伤心的事,也常常不表现出来。他们很少发脾气,能忍耐,不愿意与别人作无谓的争论。英国人做事很有耐心,任何情况之下,他们绝不面露焦急之色。
描写校园文明礼仪的散文 ----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改---- 下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢迎您借鉴参考阅读和下载，侵删。您的努力学习是为了更美好的未来！ 描写校园文明礼仪的散文篇一：文明礼仪在校园文明礼仪是无处不在的，它可以表现出一个人的道德修养，它可以增进人与人之间的友谊，它的作用太多太多了。在这阳春三月，春意浓浓、生机勃勃，意味着我们该有一个崭新面貌。那么怎样才能使小学生礼仪洋溢在美丽的校园里呢? 我们小学生要着装得体，符合学生身份，体现出新世纪学生篷勃向上的风采，因为仪表、仪容、仪态可以让人一看便知道你的修养。 升旗仪式，最为庄严。这凝聚了文明与热血的国旗，在礼仪的包围中更显得鲜艳。此时此刻，国旗下的我们要严肃认真、精神饱满、高唱国歌，不负于“礼仪之邦”这个美誉。 课堂礼仪对老师的教学影响很大，它直接关系着一个班的荣誉与凝聚力，体现这个班的班风班貌。校园礼仪就更重要了，下课后的休息时间，不随地吐痰、乱扔纸屑、不拿粉笔头玩、上下楼梯一律右行、见老师和客人要用普通话主动问好。我们还应该爱护花草树木和一切设施，不穿越绿化带，爱护清洁卫生，服从老师管理和接受值周学生的批评劝阻。受到老师的帮助，应主动诚恳地说谢谢。 同学之间也离不开礼仪，它就像润滑油，使粗糙的磨擦消迹，如果有矛盾，多进行自我反省。互相理解、宽容待人。培养较强的协作
精神，这样使班级更团结、友谊更深厚。 在3月这个文明礼貌月，全中国都弥漫着文明礼貌的芳香。而这些芳香正来自于各种花朵，你，便是他们中的一份子，相信自己，我们一定能行。我们将挑起传承礼仪的使命，无负于未来，无负于这教育我们的美丽校园。 描写校园文明礼仪的散文篇二：文明礼仪在校园文明是什么?文明是早上见到老师来时简单的一句问候：“老师早上好!”文明是踏入校园看见地上有一张纸捡起扔进垃圾箱的那一瞬间;文明还是洗手时你我互相谦让“你先洗的那一刻。自古以来，我们中华就有着“文明古国，礼仪之邦”的美誉。讲文明，懂礼仪我们中华民族传统美德，它可以表现出一个人的道德修养，它是架人以人之间友谊的桥梁，在这开满先花的三月文明礼仪无处不在，校园里跟是弥漫着文明礼仪的芳香，而这芳香正是来自校园里的你我他...... 少年是祖国的花朵，是祖国的未来，是初生的太阳。看校园红领巾监督岗的“小雏鹰”们早早来到校门口，微笑的迎接着到校的每一位老师，每一个同学。校长，早上好。老师，早上好。。同学你好，多么甜美的微笑，多么亲切的问候。一声声，一句句。洋溢着正个校园。在看看校园里，二一班的同学早已冲向工具房拿出了工具各就各位，打扫起校园的卫生。哎，那边有个同学扔下一个早餐盒。噢，是一个一年级的小同学。：“小同学，你好，请把那个早餐盒扔进垃圾桶里好吗?”说完给了小同学一个微笑。小朋友急忙捡起早餐盒扔进垃圾桶里。：“谢谢你，你真是一个好孩子。”
《西方文化之旅》 结课论文 题目:文化理解对语言学习地重要性 浅谈英语学习 学生姓名 学号 专业班级 成绩评定 年月 中文摘要近年来，随着改革开放步伐地不断加快，更多更好地培养外语人才，深化外语学习，外语教学水平，已是当前刻不容缓地重要任务.而英美文化地熟悉程度对提高学生听说能力、阅读文学作品地理解能力有非常重要地作用.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途但在目前地英语学习中.只注重语言形式地练习，而忽视文化背景知识对语言学习重要性地状况.了解和掌握文化背景知识，能够充分理解特定文化背景下语言地真实内涵.因此，英语学习过程中，要将语言学习与文化背景知识相结合.背景知识地了解对于语言学习来说是至关重要地.因此，在英语学习中，我们要坚持将英语学习与其文化背景相结合，并通过使用原版教材和外教地力量，来取得优异地成绩.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文在分析目前英语学习问题地基础上，说明了文化理解对语言学习地重要性. 关键字文化背景英语学习 一文献回顾 语言学家拉多说过：“我们不掌握文化背景就不可能教好、学好语言.”可见.如果不了解一种语言文化背景和习惯，那么就不可能好地使用和运用那种语言，我国传统地外语学习模式，仅仅重视语言知识地学习，过分强调单词和语言地积累，而对西方文化背景知识地关注程度还远远不够.学生对中西方文化差异缺乏了解.导致文化交际地障碍，大大影响了学生地学习兴趣.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 外语地学习不单单是语言知识地学习过程，更是让学生了解外族文化、开拓视野地窗口.因为中西方文化背景差异极大，西方社会思维中地“个人主义”，强调尊重人和尊重人地价值，最大限度地发挥个人地创造性和主动精神；而中国地“集体主义”则强调个人服从集体，一切从集体出发，集体利益高于个人利益.这种中国人注重整体和经验与西方人强调逻辑分析地差异给英语学习者带来很大地挑战，这些差异都将对跨文化交际产生一定地影响.在日常学习中学生要丰富自己地文化背景知识，深入了解西方文化，不仅应重视语言知识地学习，更要思考文化背景知识对英语学习地重要性，摒弃忽视文化背景地学习误区.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 外语学习不是单纯地语言知识地学习过程，而是包含文化背景知识地综合性语言学习.要真正学好外语，培养自己良好地跨文化交际能力，就要认识到中西方文化差异地根源即价值观和思维模式等方面地差异.英语学习者应关注文化背景现状地发展走向，认识到我国传统地文化与西方文化之间地差异.著名学者沃尔森说过：“在与外国人地接触当中，讲本国语言地人一般对语音或语法错误并不苛求.相反，对于不符合该国文化习惯地用语却很难容忍，认为是没有礼貌地.” 资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途 二主体 作为一名英语学习者，学习了这个学期地选修课——《西方文化之旅》，让我对英语学习有了更深处地了解，同时也找到了自己学习上地一些不到位之处.自己之前在学习英语时，仍然延续了高中时地学习方法，跟着老师地步伐，上课听课，下课背背单词与课文；并没有过多地去关注欧美国家地文化背景，也没有想到英语学习会与文化背景有如此之多地联系，其
文明礼仪的作文4篇 文明礼仪是我们每一个人都应该遵守的，尽管现在我已经长大了，我更加觉得在我们的成长过程中，不能失去文明礼仪，因为文明礼仪是我们做人的根本，如果失去了根本，即使我们学会了一些知识和本领，也不会成为对社会有用的人。本文是为大家整理的文明礼仪的作文，欢迎阅读。 文明礼仪的作文一文明礼仪是我们每一个人都应该遵守的，尽管现在我已经长大了，我更加觉得在我们的成长过程中，不能失去文明礼仪，因为文明礼仪是我们做人的根本，如果失去了根本，即使我们学会了一些知识和本领，也不会成为对社会有用的人。 文明礼仪让我成为了一个懂礼貌、尊重他人、不随地乱扔果皮纸屑、不随地吐痰的好孩子。不仅如此，还学会了帮助他人。比如：我有一天见到了有一个小朋友在草地上踩踏，便上去告诉他不能这样，因为世界上每一样东西都是生物，小草也会怕疼，所以不要去踩踏它。小朋友听完后，对我说：“哦，原来是这样啊。那我以后再也不乱踩草坪了。谢谢你大哥哥，再见。”还有一次，我在公园里看见一位叔叔随地扔垃圾，就走过去告诉他不能这样，因为这样做不仅很不文明，而且还会污染环境的...... 这也是一种文明的表现，不仅能提醒自己，还能提醒别人，让他们养成良好的习惯。
我国自古以来就是一个文明大国。 卫生是文明的标志，讲究卫生是现代文明社会每一个公民最基本的素质。良好的个人卫生习惯，不仅有益人的身体健康，同时也反映出一个人的良好品质。我们每一个应该注意个人卫生和公共卫生，养成良好的生活习惯。我们要努力形成“讲卫生光荣，不讲卫生可耻”的生活观。 在日常生活中，我们应做到以下几点： (1)养成讲究个人卫生的良好习惯，勤洗手、勤洗澡、勤换衣等。 (2)讲究食品卫生，不喝生水，不吃生冷和不清洁的食物，不暴饮暴食等。 (3)积极参加体育锻炼，坚持按时作息，注意劳逸结合。 公共场所是人们日常生活中的场所。公共场所的卫生好坏直接影响环境的美观，影响人的健康。生活在卫生的环境里是每个人的愿望。 同学们，让我们立刻行动起来，从现在做起，从自己做起，从点点滴滴的小事做起吧! 文明礼仪的作文三民以食为天。中国是文明古国，有着悠久的饮食文化。吃饭是社会生活的重要部分，餐桌文明是社会文明的重要体现，临沂有着深厚的文化底蕴，历来以礼示人，以文化人，更应从点滴中彰显她的文明形象。我们每位市民都应自觉做到传承“礼仪之邦”的美德，共同参加到文明餐桌行动中来。 改革开放30多年来，群众的腰包鼓起来了，但大多数人逐渐抛弃了节俭的传统美德。餐桌浪费是当下较为普遍的现象，大家只“爱
浅谈中西酒吧文化的差异 随着我国文化娱乐市场的发展变化，酒吧数量在我国直线上升。西方酒吧文化源远流长，传入中国后，受中国传统历史文化的影响以及不同地区和城市经济文化发展现状的制约，酒吧文化在我国不同地区有着不同的内涵和表现方式。 酒吧是一种大众闲暇消费的活动空间，是泡吧者释放压力的港湾，并由此产生了一种欣欣向荣的文化新景观。酒吧在中国的出现，始于２０世纪９０年代的一些大都市里。在改革开放、市场经济的浪潮中，许多新的休闲方式、交际方法、文化形态也应运而生，不知不觉中，酒吧也融入了中国人的生活。酒吧这种外来文化自登陆中国起，便一路高歌猛进，把城市和年轻人无一例外地揽入怀中。它的出现乃至后来的发展，与整个中国的经济、社会、文化的发展存在着千丝万缕的联系，其步伐始终紧跟时代发展的脉搏。随着城市化进程的加快和居民消费水平的提高，酒吧在我国的发展，也呈现出欣欣向荣的发展态势。 西方酒吧文化是西方文化的重要组成部分和重要表现形式，酒吧文化属于其中的一种新型的娱乐文化。欧洲人有种说法说要找人，不是去办公室或家里找，而是要到酒吧去；不在酒吧，肯定在去酒吧的路上。这句话听很好地体现出了酒吧在西方人生活中的重要地位。西方绝大部分人都把酒吧当成社交、娱乐和饮食的场所。西方人的交往联系，往往是在酒吧里进行的，而不像中国人喜欢把朋友带到自己的家里。西方人士的许多重要的聚会，如生日聚会、结婚纪念聚会等都是在酒吧举行。 在西方的酒吧里，人们相互之间无需考虑各自的社会地位、等级和礼仪问题，只要举止得体就符合基本的交往准则。酒吧是一个非常热闹的场所，有音乐，有酒，还有很多的人。酒吧也是一个自由的地方，西方人喜欢一群人边喝酒边高谈阔论，一边喝着，一边聊着，人与人之间都是平等、自由地进行交流和沟通，他们相互尊重彼此的看法。 例如，即使是在以冷漠著称于世的英国社会里，酒吧都被看作是促进社会交往的重要场合。因为人们在排队的时候，可以和身边同样等待买酒的人交谈。同样，在英伦诸岛上，和陌生人交谈，只有在吧台上才被认为是“完全适宜”的正常行为。在《酒吧护照：旅游者酒吧仪俗指南》这个小册子里有这样一句忠告：
英国的礼仪习俗． 英国的礼仪习俗去了解外面的世界。英, ,很多人走出国门随着生活水平的提高我们只有知道其国家的礼仪习俗，国就是其中一个受人欢迎的国度。下面我就简单的介绍才能更好与其交往，进而融入其中好好的生活，一些英国的礼仪习俗。 1.“绅士”风度的原则。在社交场合遵循“女士优先”英国的男士崇尚绅士风度，尊重女性，待人谦和，衣冠得体，所谓绅士风度是指；为人彬彬有礼,谈吐高雅，知识渊博，见多识广，有爱心，尊老爱幼，无不良嗜好，身体
健康，举止文明，穿着得体，人际关系良好等。其具体表现有：进房间或进餐馆大多男的要替女士开门；如果男女双方一起进房间，开车门或做其他除非男的必须在女士的前头去选餐桌、是女子在前，男子要走在女士身旁靠来车方向的或过马路时，效劳；在街上行走，一侧，以免发生危险时,保护妇女免受伤害；如果一个男 子和两个女士一起走，他应当走在两者当中；如果男主人或女主人或者两者同坐一辆车来接客人去吃饭，客人应该挤在汽车的前座，让后座空着，因为司机就是男主人或女主人；在宴会上，主人把客人领进客厅时，如果客人是位女士，她进客厅时，厅中的大多数男子都要站起来以示敬意。如果女主人的女儿在，她要把客人给女儿作介绍。通常是把男士介绍给女士，除非他年长得多或地位高得多。一般的惯例是年轻的介绍给年长的。不管进入客厅的是男士还是女士，在客厅里就座的女士都不必起身为礼。宴会开始，男士们为女士们拉开椅子，帮女士入座； 而且总是习惯先将妻子,另外丈夫通常要偕同妻子参加各种社交活动 介绍给贵宾认识；男士应该先向所遇到的熟悉的女士微微点头打招呼。如果某位女士向您走来，请记住，如果她主动伸出手，您才能与她 握手。如今世风已不如但是有些英国人慨叹，在对待女士的礼遇方面，工资待遇和接受高等教育方以前。据说是因为妇女在选举、就业、 看面获得了与男人平等的权利，她们就不再需要以往的那种照顾了。来，对女士的礼貌是出于男士觉得女士需要保护。 2.英国人的着装
文明礼仪伴我行作文通用10篇 五千年华夏文明，博大精深，五千年悠久文化，源远流长。如果将中华五千年的文明比作是一个取之不尽的宝藏，那文明礼仪便是这宝藏中千年不衰的瑰宝。我们中华民族自古就是礼仪之邦，礼仪之风已在这神州大地盛行了千年之久。我们这些炎黄子孙，便成为了继承和发扬这礼仪文明的接班人。这是时代赋予我们的义务，也是我们义不容辞的责任。 有人说“礼仪是为人处事的行为准则”，对此，我深表赞同。先辈们不也是这么做的么？古时候，就有“孔融让梨”的礼仪故事，家喻户晓。给我们打开了礼仪的大门。当代人，也不忘礼仪文明，逢年过节，便有“送礼”一词，虽说送的是礼物，而这“送礼”行为中不也是送去问候，送去礼仪的涵义么？我们日常生活中，便有“礼尚往来”的道理。劝说友人，便有“晓之以礼”。由此可观，礼仪在我们生活中是不可缺少的，也是息息相关的。礼仪当之无愧地成为我们为人处事的准则。 灿烂的礼仪文明的确是我们生活中一道亮丽的风景线。然而在现实生活中，总有一些人要破坏这道风景，以身犯礼。就如在我们美丽的校园中，同学们来往总是以礼相待，而一些不讲礼仪的事情也时常发生。每当中午的午餐时间，领餐的窗口总是堵的水泄不通，大伙你推我攘，各不相让。昔日的礼仪风范早已被挤到九霄云外，不知去向。一个个争先恐后，真可谓“长江后浪推前浪”，不时就有些“壮士”负伤退场，其中杂闹声连绵不断，不时还有人尽兴地骂起口粗，真是虽人有百手，手有百指，也不能指其一处，忍耐有百口，口有百舌，也不能名其一端啊！由此可观：一些不讲礼仪的行为在我们生活中还时有发生，我们应该给予禁止，提醒。携手共创身边的礼仪文明。 礼仪正如一朵花儿，它愈开愈艳，愈艳愈美。文明礼仪的风而刮遍神州大地，正当这边开满了礼仪之话，那儿又下起了礼仪的小雨。还有礼仪的草，礼仪的山……世间万物都沉浸在了灿烂的文明礼仪之中，到处长满了礼仪结成的果实。哟，又是一个收获的季节，你瞧，那田园里走来一群朝气蓬勃的少年，去采撷礼仪的果实，他们便是那炎黄子孙，那礼仪的接班人！ 啊，礼仪，真好！哦，礼仪，真美！ 对于我们这群孩子来说，过年就是吃团圆饭，收压岁红包，当然，也少不了拜访亲友时的几句寒暄，也有长辈对我们学业的关心，在这时，文明礼仪就非常重要了。当走亲访友时，见到长辈应有礼貌的打招呼，不能不理不睬；吃年夜饭时，当全体举杯时，应向长辈说出祝福的话；当长辈给予红包时，应有礼貌的说声“谢谢”…… 前段时间，爸爸带着我和妈妈去大姨家拜年，到家门口时，大姨带着十五岁的女儿接我们，我刚想跑过去拉着堂姐进去玩，又一想到放假那天刘老师说的“在长辈面前要有礼貌……”我忍住好玩的心，满面笑容的向大姨和堂姐拜年，跟大姨谈了一点学习上的事，就去和堂姐玩了，看着堂姐为我准备的糖果、零食，我刚准备大吃特吃，耳畔又响起刘老师的淳淳教诲，便放下手中的零食，抱着堂姐说了声“谢谢”，然后和她一起分享美味。时间过得真快，到了傍晚，我和父母与大姨告别回家了，在路上，妈妈告诉我，大姨表扬我了，说我越来越懂事，越来越有礼貌了。听后，我心里跟吃了蜜似的，甜丝丝的。 中国素有礼仪之邦的美称，我们所需要做的就是继承和发扬文明和礼貌，让礼仪之邦的美称不会断在我们这代人的手中，从今天起“文明礼仪伴我行”。 文明礼仪是什么？文明礼仪是路上相遇时的微笑；是同学有困难时的热情帮助；是平时与人相处时的亲切；是见到老师时热情的问候；是不小心撞到对方时的一声“对不起”；是自觉将垃圾放入垃圾箱的举动；是看到有人随地吐痰时的主动制止，是在公共场所不大声的喧哗。。。。。。文明礼仪是一种品质，文明礼仪是一种修养。 文明礼仪是人类进步的标志，是人类历史长河中的一盏明灯。文明礼仪是我们学习、生活的根基，是我们健康成长的臂膀。没有了文明，我们就失去了做人的根本，我们的生活也
毕业论文开题报告 旅游管理 杭州酒吧业发展现状及对策探讨 一、选题的背景和意义 1.选题背景 （1）酒吧业作为充满活力的行业，在杭州也得到迅速的发展。 随着中国经济的崛起及旅游业的发展，酒吧业也悄然走进了中国百姓的生活圈子。人们在物质生活得到满足的同时，又追求着精神生活方面的满足，酒吧业正是顺应了人们的这种求的心理应运而生的，酒吧业先是在南方沿海城市如深圳、广州、上海等地兴起。近年来，酒吧文化已经逐渐融入杭州人的生活。从1993年开设杭州最早的酒吧——卡萨布兰卡乡村酒吧至今，杭城酒吧已经历了近二十年的历程，据不完全统计，目前杭州的酒吧已有三百余家，现已成为杭城夜间文化娱乐生活的重要组成部分。 （2）杭城酒吧业存在诸多问题，解决这些问题迫在眉睫。 杭城酒吧业发展至今，遇到了很多问题，就酒吧业本身而言，由于杭州酒吧业者缺乏专业管理经验，结果导致各酒吧间相互效仿，酒吧的经营模式也就雷同了，酒吧的服务与产品缺乏自身酒吧的特色和个性，这在一定程度上影响了酒吧业的发展。为了使杭州酒吧得到更好的发展，解决这些问题是关键所在。 （3）酒吧作为杭城夜间娱乐生活的重要部分，对杭州构建“东方休闲之都，品质生活之城”有重要意义。 酒吧业的发展是一个城市国际化的重要标志，酒吧文化作为杭城夜生活娱乐的一部分，如何加快杭州酒吧业的发展，是杭州酒吧业又好又快的发展，对杭州打造东方休闲之都，生活品质之城有重要的意义，也对提升杭州的国际品位有重要的意义。 2.选题意义 （1）理论意义：区域性酒吧业的研究是目前研究领域所缺少的。 由于杭州经济的迅速发展，人民生活水平提高，杭州旅游业迅速发展，酒吧业作为杭州夜间娱乐生活的重要组成部分，酒吧文化正是反应一个城市文化的有效载体，酒吧业的发展对杭州文化建设有重要的意义。虽然目前杭州酒吧业的发展很迅速，看似很繁
大学文明礼仪作文 【篇一：《文明礼仪》演讲稿(500字)作文】 精选作文:《文明礼仪》演讲稿(500字)作文敬爱的老师、同学们： 大家好！今天，我演讲的题目是：《文明礼仪》。礼仪是无处不在的，它可以表现出一个人的道德修养，也可以增进人与人之间的友谊。大家都知道，我们中国是人类历史上四大文明古国之一，是一 个历史悠久的礼仪之邦。中华民族五千年的发展历程，代代传承了 许许多多的传统和美德。从孔融让梨到张良拜师，从周总理为中华 之崛起而读书到做好事不留名的雷锋叔叔，他们都是中华民族传统 美德的具体体现，他们为我们树立了榜样，是我们每一位小学生应 该学习的楷模！作为一名新世纪的小学生，作为祖国的花朵、世界 的未来，我们必须做一名文明的小学生！但是，如何才能做一名文 明的小学生呢？我们首先要着装得体，符合学生身份，体现出新世 纪学生篷勃向上的风采，因为仪表、仪容、仪态可以让人一看便知 道你的修养；遇到老师、同学，主动问好；上下楼梯，人多拥挤， 注意谦让；讲究卫生，不乱扔果皮，见到纸屑随时捡起；爱护公物，不乱写乱划；在与同学的交往中，能和睦相处，共同学习。做到得 理让人，失理道歉，相互尊重，相互信任；家里来了客人，热情、 大方、有礼貌地招待；在外面，遵守交通法规，不乱扔果皮纸屑， 保护环境卫生；尊老爱幼，帮助别人，做到处处为别人着想。让我 们一起努力，做一名穿戴整齐、懂礼貌、不乱扔垃圾的小学生。我 的演讲结束了，谢谢大家。五年级:依雅 篇一：关于文明礼仪的演讲稿 文明礼仪，从我做起 各位老师、同学们，大家好： 今天，我演讲的题目是——《文明礼仪，从我做起》。德国著名文 学家歌德曾经说过：“一个人的礼貌就是一面照出他肖像的镜子。” 的确，人们总是根据你的言谈举止评价你。因为，礼貌是人类和谐 相处的金钥匙，只有拥有它才会幸福、快乐。 我们不必埋怨这个社会的文明水平不高；不必抱怨自己的力量太小，对社会的影响不大。试想一下，面包里的酵母不是很少么？可是， 仅仅是这一点酵母，就可以让面包膨胀数倍。所以，我们每一位同 学都应该做这个时代的酵母，让自己的酵素，在这个社会起到应有 的作用。
酒吧文化论文 当夜幕笼罩这座城市的时候，酒吧在都市美仑美奂的夜色中偷偷展露着她的笑脸，不张扬，不炫耀，在这流光溢彩的世界中显得分外的恬静。放松抑郁的心情，忘却疲惫的身心，在那柔美的灯光、浮动的烟雾、流淌的音乐中感受生活、感受美好吧。 总序: 在今天,酒吧已经成为时尚生活的象征.所以我们组选择了酒吧文化这个主题. 我们今天所知道的公共酒店(pub)是18世纪的发明，在那之前有卖啤酒的啤酒店，这些啤酒常常是由妇女们在店内酿造的，我们称她们为啤酒店女主人或者酿酒人。更让人觉得身心愉快的地方是那些建得更宽大的酒馆，在那里可以提供食物、马厩和各种类型的餐厅及会议室。 适应于不断变化的品位和新建筑的开放风格，在18和19世纪大量的酒吧被重建以迎合工业和城镇的新要求。从二战开始，酒吧发生了更大的变革，以便和范围不断扩大的休闲娱乐业竞争。许多酒吧开始卖食物，而另外一些则成为希望吸引年轻人的主题酒吧。 一:英国酒吧 英国酒吧以独特的社交中心、社会生活的焦点、对流行文化的影响、历史资源和旅游吸引力而闻名于世界。你如果没去过酒吧，那就等于没有到过英国。英国是个冷漠而保守的社会,在大不列颠群岛上，把和陌生人友好地交谈看作是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所，可能就是吧台了。 大多数英国酒吧都没有服务员，你得到吧台去买酒。对爱排队的英国人而言，酒吧里居然看不到正式的队伍。酒保则是其中的关键了。你可以做些动作引起酒保的注意，吸引酒保的注意。而说到"小费"，你可千万别给酒保现金以表示谢意。正确的做法是请酒保喝一盅。酒吧为自己的平等气氛感到自豪。现金小费会使人想到酒保是伺候人的，请喝一杯才是友好的表示。 二:美国酒吧 传统的美国酒吧，常常被叫做"BAR"，它们为城市中辛苦工作一天的人们提供一个放松身心和朋友聚会的场所。许多酒吧会放置一台大荧幕的电视机，用他们招揽顾客。 美国酒吧是用餐或者和朋友们喝一杯的好地方。许多酒吧还会以提供各种进口的葡萄酒、啤酒以及装在附带龙头的酒桶里的地方啤酒等广泛选择为特色。在白天，如果电视里正在播放一场体育比赛的总决赛，酒吧里会十分吵闹。在晚间，酒吧会播放生动的音乐，可以跳舞或者只是作为背景音乐。 从美国的服务界来说，每个服务人员都希望得到小费。而在酒吧，通常会有一个坛子或容器来放你给的小费。当服务生看着你时，一定把小费放到坛子里，那会保证你一整个晚上都会得到好的服务。一般说来小费的数目是你所花费数目的10-15%，不过还是由你自己决定的。 酒吧是会朋友的好地方。许多人都是酒吧的常客，因此很容易认识新朋友，并且和那些经常一起喝酒的人成为最好的朋友。 三:中西酒吧文化差异 在中国，在悠久的传统文化的影响下，人们是不习惯于跟陌生人打交道的，也不会像西方人那样很快就交上了朋友。中国人泡酒吧大多是熟悉的朋友一起去，到了酒吧坐成一堆。就算是一个人前去，也乐意做一个酒吧热闹的表象下孤独和寂寞的灵魂。所以，国内的酒吧与西方不同，大多设计有许多包房和半隔离的卡座。酒吧代表的是潮流的追赶和时尚的品位，酒吧就是在时尚包装下，被越来越多的人接受、认可的。在中国，品位表现在通过酒吧融入西方文化的装饰和格调体现的。在国人的眼里，酒吧的生命就是个性张扬，就是走极端和标新立异。这点