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Diffractive Photoproduction of ψ(2S) Mesons at HERA H1 Collaboration

DESY02-075ISSN0418-9833 May2002

Diffractive Photoproduction ofψ(2S)Mesons at HERA

H1Collaboration

Abstract

Results on diffractive photoproduction ofψ(2S)mesons are presented using data col-lected between1996and2000with the H1detector at the HERA ep collider.The data

correspond to an integrated luminosity of77pb?1.The energy dependence of the

diffractiveψ(2S)cross section is found to be similar to or possibly somewhat steeper than

that for J/ψmesons.The dependences of the elastic and proton dissociative

ψ(2S)photoproduction cross sections on the squared momentum transfer t at the proton

vertex are measured.The t-dependence of the elastic channel,parametrised as e bt,yields

bψ(2S)

el

=(4.31±0.57±0.46)GeV?2,compatible with that of the J/ψ.For the proton

dissociative channel the result bψ(2S)

pd =(0.59±0.13±0.12)GeV?2is2.3standard de-

viations smaller than that measured for the J/ψ.With proper account of the individual wavefunctions theoretical predictions based on perturbative QCD are found to describe the measurements well.

To be submitted to Phys.Lett.B

C.Adloff33,V.Andreev24,B.Andrieu27,T.Anthonis4,A.Astvatsatourov35,A.Babaev23,

J.B¨a hr35,P.Baranov24,E.Barrelet28,W.Bartel10,S.Baumgartner36,J.Becker37,

M.Beckingham21,A.Beglarian34,O.Behnke13,C.Beier14,A.Belousov24,Ch.Berger1,

T.Berndt14,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,ot26,J.B¨o hme10,V.Boudry27,W.Braunschweig1,V.Brisson26,

H.-B.Br¨o ker2,D.P.Brown10,W.Br¨u ckner12,D.Bruncko16,F.W.B¨u sser11,A.Bunyatyan12,34, A.Burrage18,G.Buschhorn25,L.Bystritskaya23,A.J.Campbell10,S.Caron1,

F.Cassol-Brunner22,D.Clarke5,C.Collard4,J.

G.Contreras7,41,Y.R.Coppens3,

J.A.Coughlan5,M.-C.Cousinou22,B.E.Cox21,G.Cozzika9,J.Cvach29,J.B.Dainton18, W.D.Dau15,K.Daum33,39,M.Davidsson20,B.Delcourt26,N.Delerue22,R.Demirchyan34, A.De Roeck10,43,E.A.De Wolf4,C.Diaconu22,J.Dingfelder13,P.Dixon19,V.Dodonov12, J.D.Dowell3,A.Droutskoi23,A.Dubak25,C.Duprel2,G.Eckerlin10,D.Eckstein35,

V.Efremenko23,S.Egli32,R.Eichler36,F.Eisele13,E.Eisenhandler19,M.Ellerbrock13,

E.Elsen10,M.Erdmann10,40,e,W.Erdmann36,P.J.W.Faulkner3,L.Favart4,A.Fedotov23, R.Felst10,J.Ferencei10,S.Ferron27,M.Fleischer10,P.Fleischmann10,Y.H.Fleming3,

G.Fl¨u gge2,A.Fomenko24,I.Foresti37,J.Form′a nek30,G.Franke10,G.Frising1,

E.Gabathuler18,K.Gabathuler32,J.Garvey3,J.Gassner32,J.Gayler10,R.Gerhards10,

C.Gerlich13,S.Ghazaryan4,34,L.Goerlich6,N.Gogitidze24,C.Grab36,V.Grabski34,

H.Gr¨a ssler2,T.Greenshaw18,G.Grindhammer25,T.Hadig13,D.Haidt10,L.Hajduk6,

J.Haller13,W.J.Haynes5,B.Heinemann18,G.Heinzelmann11,R.C.W.Henderson17,

S.Hengstmann37,H.Henschel35,R.Heremans4,G.Herrera7,44,I.Herynek29,

M.Hildebrandt37,M.Hilgers36,K.H.Hiller35,J.Hladk′y29,P.H¨o ting2,D.Hoffmann22,

R.Horisberger32,A.Hovhannisyan34,S.Hurling10,M.Ibbotson21,C?.˙Is?sever7,M.Jacquet26, M.Jaffre26,L.Janauschek25,X.Janssen4,V.Jemanov11,L.J¨o nsson20,C.Johnson3,

D.P.Johnson4,M.A.S.Jones18,H.Jung20,10,D.Kant19,M.Kapichine8,M.Karlsson20,

O.Karschnick11,F.Keil14,N.Keller37,J.Kennedy18,I.R.Kenyon3,S.Kermiche22,

C.Kiesling25,P.Kjellberg20,M.Klein35,C.Kleinwort10,T.Kluge1,G.Knies10,B.Koblitz25, S.

D.Kolya21,V.Korbel10,P.Kostka35,S.K.Kotelnikov24,R.Koutouev12,A.Koutov8,

J.Kroseberg37,K.Kr¨u ger10,T.Kuhr11,T.Kurˇc a16,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,mb3,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,ndon19,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,nge35, https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,ˇs toviˇc ka35,30,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,ycock18,E.Lebailly26,A.Lebedev24,B.Lei?ner1,R.Lemrani10,

V.Lendermann7,S.Levonian10,M.Lindstroem20,B.List36,E.Lobodzinska10,6,

B.Lobodzinski6,10,A.Loginov23,N.Loktionova24,V.Lubimov23,S.L¨u ders36,D.L¨u ke7,10, L.Lytkin12,N.Malden21,E.Malinovski24,I.Malinovski24,S.Mangano36,R.Maraˇc ek25, P.Marage4,J.Marks13,R.Marshall21,H.-U.Martyn1,J.Martyniak6,S.J.Max?eld18,

D.Meer36,A.Mehta18,K.Meier14,A.B.Meyer11,H.Meyer33,J.Meyer10,P.-O.Meyer2, S.Mikocki6,https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,stead18,S.Mohrdieck11,M.N.Mondragon7,F.Moreau27,A.Morozov8, J.V.Morris5,K.M¨u ller37,P.Mur′?n16,42,V.Nagovizin23,B.Naroska11,J.Naumann7,

Th.Naumann35,G.Nellen25,P.R.Newman3,F.Niebergall11,C.Niebuhr10,O.Nix14,

G.Nowak6,J.E.Olsson10,D.Ozerov23,V.Panassik8,C.Pascaud26,G.D.Patel18,M.Peez22, E.Perez9,A.Petrukhin35,J.P.Phillips18,D.Pitzl10,R.P¨o schl26,I.Potachnikova12,B.Povh12, G.R¨a del1,J.Rauschenberger11,P.Reimer29,B.Reisert25,C.Risler25,E.Rizvi3,

P.Robmann37,R.Roosen4,A.Rostovtsev23,S.Rusakov24,K.Rybicki6,J.Samson36,

D.P.C.Sankey5,S.Sch¨a tzel13,J.Scheins1,F.-P.Schilling10,P.Schleper10,D.Schmidt33,

D.Schmidt10,S.Schmidt25,S.Schmitt10,M.Schneider22,L.Schoeffel9,A.Sch¨o ning36,

T.Sch¨o rner25,V.Schr¨o der10,H.-C.Schultz-Coulon7,C.Schwanenberger10,K.Sedl′a k29,

F.Sefkow37,V.Shekelyan25,I.Sheviakov24,L.N.Shtarkov24,Y.Sirois27,T.Sloan17,

P.Smirnov24,Y.Soloviev24,D.South21,V.Spaskov8,A.Specka27,H.Spitzer11,R.Stamen7,

1

B.Stella31,J.Stiewe14,I.Strauch10,U.Straumann37,M.Swart14,S.Tchetchelnitski23,

G.Thompson19,P.D.Thompson3,F.Tomasz14,D.Traynor19,P.Tru¨o l37,G.Tsipolitis10,38,

I.Tsurin35,J.Turnau6,J.E.Turney19,E.Tzamariudaki25,S.Udluft25,A.Uraev23,M.Urban37, https://www.doczj.com/doc/c811516409.html,ik24,S.Valk′a r30,A.Valk′a rov′a30,C.Vall′e e22,P.Van Mechelen4,S.Vassiliev8,

Y.Vazdik24,A.Vest1,A.Vichnevski8,K.Wacker7,J.Wagner10,R.Wallny37,B.Waugh21, G.Weber11,D.Wegener7,C.Werner13,N.Werner37,M.Wessels1,G.White17,S.Wiesand33, T.Wilksen10,M.Winde35,G.-G.Winter10,Ch.Wissing7,M.Wobisch10,E.-E.Woehrling3, E.W¨u nsch10,A.C.Wyatt21,J.ˇZ′aˇc ek30,J.Z′a leˇs′a k30,Z.Zhang26,A.Zhokin23,F.Zomer26,and M.zur Nedden10

1I.Physikalisches Institut der RWTH,Aachen,Germany a

2III.Physikalisches Institut der RWTH,Aachen,Germany a

3School of Physics and Space Research,University of Birmingham,Birmingham,UK b

4Inter-University Institute for High Energies ULB-VUB,Brussels;Universiteit Antwerpen (UIA),Antwerpen;Belgium c

5Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,Chilton,Didcot,UK b

6Institute for Nuclear Physics,Cracow,Poland d

7Institut f¨u r Physik,Universit¨a t Dortmund,Dortmund,Germany a

8Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,Dubna,Russia

9CEA,DSM/DAPNIA,CE-Saclay,Gif-sur-Yvette,France

10DESY,Hamburg,Germany

11Institut f¨u r Experimentalphysik,Universit¨a t Hamburg,Hamburg,Germany a

12Max-Planck-Institut f¨u r Kernphysik,Heidelberg,Germany

13Physikalisches Institut,Universit¨a t Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany a

14Kirchhoff-Institut f¨u r Physik,Universit¨a t Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany a

15Institut f¨u r experimentelle und Angewandte Physik,Universit¨a t Kiel,Kiel,Germany

16Institute of Experimental Physics,Slovak Academy of Sciences,Koˇs ice,Slovak Republic e,f 17School of Physics and Chemistry,University of Lancaster,Lancaster,UK b

18Department of Physics,University of Liverpool,Liverpool,UK b

19Queen Mary and West?eld College,London,UK b

20Physics Department,University of Lund,Lund,Sweden g

21Physics Department,University of Manchester,Manchester,UK b

22CPPM,CNRS/IN2P3-Univ M′e diterran′e e,Marseille-France

23Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics,Moscow,Russia l

24Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia e

25Max-Planck-Institut f¨u r Physik,M¨u nchen,Germany

26LAL,Universit′e de Paris-Sud,IN2P3-CNRS,Orsay,France

27LPNHE,Ecole Polytechnique,IN2P3-CNRS,Palaiseau,France

28LPNHE,Universit′e s Paris VI and VII,IN2P3-CNRS,Paris,France

29Institute of Physics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,Praha,Czech Republic e,i 30Faculty of Mathematics and Physics,Charles University,Praha,Czech Republic e,i

31Dipartimento di Fisica Universit`a di Roma Tre and INFN Roma3,Roma,Italy

32Paul Scherrer Institut,Villigen,Switzerland

33Fachbereich Physik,Bergische Universit¨a t Gesamthochschule Wuppertal,Wuppertal, Germany

34Yerevan Physics Institute,Yerevan,Armenia

2

35DESY,Zeuthen,Germany

36Institut f¨u r Teilchenphysik,ETH,Z¨u rich,Switzerland j

37Physik-Institut der Universit¨a t Z¨u rich,Z¨u rich,Switzerland j

38Also at Physics Department,National Technical University,Zografou Campus,GR-15773 Athens,Greece

39Also at Rechenzentrum,Bergische Universit¨a t Gesamthochschule Wuppertal,Germany

40Also at Institut f¨u r Experimentelle Kernphysik,Universit¨a t Karlsruhe,Karlsruhe,Germany 41Also at Dept.Fis.Ap.CINVESTAV,M′e rida,Yucat′a n,M′e xico k

42Also at University of P.J.ˇSaf′a rik,Koˇs ice,Slovak Republic

43Also at CERN,Geneva,Switzerland

44Also at Dept.Fis.CINVESTAV,M′e xico City,M′e xico k

a Supported by the Bundesministerium f¨u r Bildung und Forschung,FRG,under contract numbers05H11GUA/1,05H11PAA/1,05H11PAB/9,05H11PEA/6,05H11VHA/7and 05H11VHB/5

b Supported by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council,and formerly by the UK Science and Engineering Research Council

c Supporte

d by FNRS-FWO-Vlaanderen,IISN-IIKW and IWT

d Partially Supported by th

e Polish State Committee for Scienti?c Research,grant no.

2P0310318and SPUB/DESY/P03/DZ-1/99and by the German Bundesministerium f¨u r Bildung und Forschung

e Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

f Supported by VEGA SR grant no.2/1169/2001

g Supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council

i Supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic under the projects

INGO-LA116/2000and LN00A006and by GAUK grant no173/2000

j Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation

k Supported by CONACyT

l Partially Supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research,grant no.00-15-96584

3

1Introduction

We report on a measurement of diffractive photoproduction ofψ(2S)mesons,γp→ψ(2S)+Y, where Y denotes either a proton or a proton dissociation system of mass M Y>m p.The data were taken with the H1Detector at the ep collider HERA.The dependences of the cross section on Wγp,the photon-proton center of mass energy,and on t,the square of the four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex,are measured for the?rst time and are compared to those of J/ψproduction.The data cover the region40

In recent years diffractive production of J/ψmesons has been measured at HERA with increas-ing precision[1–4].The cross section for the elastic processγp→J/ψp was found to rise steeply with Wγp.This was interpreted as a signature for a“hard”process and calculations in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics(pQCD)were able to give a good description of the data[5,6].In perturbative QCD,diffractive charmonium production inγp scattering can be viewed in the proton rest frame as a sequence of several steps separated in time.An almost real photon is emitted from the incoming lepton and?uctuates into a cˉc pair.The cˉc pair subse-quently interacts with the proton via the exchange of two gluons(or a gluon ladder)in a colour-singlet state and then evolves into a real vector meson.In such models,with the cˉc?uctuation of the photon treated as a colour dipole,a number of distinct predictions are made forψ(2S) photoproduction[7–11].The cross section forψ(2S)should be suppressed with respect to that for J/ψ,the dependence on Wγp should be somewhat steeper than that of the J/ψphotopro-duction cross section and the t-dependence ofψ(2S)production should be similar or somewhat shallower than that of J/ψproduction.These predictions take into account theψ(2S)meson wavefunction which is different from that of the J/ψmeson in two respects.It has a larger expectation value for the radius than the ground state and it has a node(see e.g.[10]).The cross section for elasticψ(2S)production has been measured previously at HERA energies and the resulting ratioσψ(2S)/σJ/ψ=0.150±0.027(stat)±0.018(syst)±0.011(BR)[12]veri?es the prediction of a suppression with respect to J/ψproduction.This and the other predictions mentioned above are addressed in this paper.

In a geometric interpretation one expects the t-dependences,parametrised as∝e bt,to re?ect the sizes of the interacting objects,similarly to the hadroproduction case.Vector mesons with large radii should have larger values of b than vector mesons with small radii.This has indeed been con?rmed in photoproduction in the HERA energy range,where e.g.bρ0>b J/ψwas measured[13,14].Since the radius of theψ(2S)meson is approximately a factor of two larger than that of the J/ψmeson one might naively expect a steeper t dependence.In QCD a different result is obtained.Due to cancellations in the contributions to the production amplitude from c

2Data Analysis

2.1Kinematics

The kinematics of the process ep→eψY are described by the following variables:the square of the ep center-of-mass energy s=(p+k)2;the negative four-momentum transfer squared at the lepton vertex Q2=?q2=?(k?k′)2;the four-momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex t=(p?p′)2and the scaled energy transfer y=(p·q)/(p·k).The four-momenta k, k′,p,p′and q refer to the incident and scattered lepton,the incoming and outgoing proton or excited state Y and the exchanged photon,respectively.The elasticity z of the meson production process is de?ned as z=(p·pψ)/(p·q)where pψdenotes the four-momentum of the produced vector meson.In the proton rest frame,z describes the fractional photon energy transferred to the vector meson.It is related to M Y by z?1?(M2Y?m2p?t)/W2γp.For elastic events at low |t|,in which the proton stays intact,z?1.

In the photoproduction domain,i.e.at Q2→0,the incoming lepton is scattered at small angles and below Q2~1GeV2it is not observed in the central detector.In the limit of photoproduction W2γp=(p+q)2is given by ys where y=(E?p z)ψ/(2E e).Here E and p z denote the total energy and momentum component of the vector meson parallel to the proton beam direction1 of the vector meson and E e is the energy of the incident beam lepton.For the measurement of the elasticity the relation z?(E?p z)ψ/Σ(E?p z)is used whereΣ(E?p z)includes all measured?nal state particles.The variable t is approximated by the negative transverse

.

momentum squared of the vector meson,i.e.t??p2

t,ψ

2.2Detector and Data Selection

The H1Detector is described in detail elsewhere[16].For this analysis the central and for-ward tracking detectors,consisting of a system of drift and proportional chambers with a polar angular coverage between7?and165?,are used for the detection of charged decay particles. In addition the main and backward calorimeters,covering the polar angular regions4??153?and153??177.5?,respectively,are used for lepton identi?cation and for the determination of the event kinematics[16,17].The instrumented iron return yoke of the solenoidal magnet (4?<θ<171?)which surrounds the central H1detector supplements the calorimeters in the identi?cation of muons.Triggers based on lepton and track signatures are used to collect the events.

The analysis presented here is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77pb?1.The data were taken in the years1996to2000.Until1997HERA was operated with positrons of energy27.5GeV and protons of820GeV,while afterwards the proton en-ergy was920GeV and both electrons and positrons were used.Events fromψ(2S)and J/ψproduction are selected using the direct decays into two leptonsμ+μ?or e+e?and theψ(2S) is also reconstructed via the cascade into a J/ψand two charged pions with subsequent decay of the J/ψinto two leptons.The data selection resembles closely the procedure used in[3,12].

0200040006000

M ee,μμ [GeV ]

E v e n t s Figure 1:Mass spectrum (|t |>0.07GeV 2)for the direct decay channel into leptons (μ+μ?and e +e ?)after the ?nal selection.The insert shows the mass distribution restricted to the ψ(2S )region.The curve shows the result of a ?t combining Gaussian distributions for the J/ψand ψ(2S )signals,an exponential parametrisation of the radiative tail in the electron decay channel for the J/ψand a linear background.

Events with a scattered lepton candidate detected in the calorimeters with an energy deposit of more than 8GeV are rejected.The accepted photoproduction event sample covers the range Q 2 1GeV 2with an average Q 2 ~0.055GeV 2as determined from the Monte Carlo simu-lation.

Vector meson decays into lepton pairs are selected by requiring exactly two tracks in the central tracking chambers,each with a transverse momentum greater than 0.8GeV in a polar angular range 2of 20?<θ<160?.The tracks must de?ne an event vertex in the ep interaction region.Both tracks are required to satisfy lepton identi?cation requirements.The decay electrons are identi?ed using the electromagnetic section of the calorimeters and energy loss dE/dx in the tracking chambers.Muons are identi?ed in the instrumented iron return yoke or as minimum ionizing particles in the main calorimeter.Cosmic ray muon events are rejected using a track acollinearity requirement.For the selection of ψ(2S )events via the cascade decay,ψ(2S )→(J/ψ→?+??)π+π?,events with exactly four tracks are selected.In addition to two lepton candidate tracks,which are identi?ed as described above,exactly two further central tracks with opposite charge are required,each with a transverse momentum of at least 0.12GeV .The invariant mass of the two leptons is restricted to 2.4(2.9)

For the selection of the ?nal diffractive (i.e.the sum of elastic and proton dissociative)event

050100150

E v e n t s 050

100

E v e n t s 010*******

E v e n t s

θμ [0]μ-t r a c k s p t,μ [GeV ]

μ-t r a c k s

θe [0]e -t r a c k s p t,e [GeV ]

e -t r a c k

s Figure 3:Distributions for the decays of J/ψmesons into muons (a,b)and electrons (c,d).The polar angles (a,c)and the transverse momenta (b,d)of the decay leptons are shown for the data (points)and the DIFFVM Monte Carlo simulation (histograms).The Monte Carlo simulation is normalised to the number of events in the data.

Detailed comparisons between the simulation and the data are facilitated by the large J/ψdata sample in which the background fraction is small.Figure 3shows the transverse momentum and polar angular distributions of the tracks in the direct decays of J/ψinto muons and electrons both for data and simulation.There is good agreement.Figure 4shows that the simulation for the cascade decays of ψ(2S )adequately describes the data.The simulation generates a ?at ππ-mass distribution in the available phase space,ignoring the dependence arising from the matrix element.To correct for this the simulation was reweighted using an event weight

∝(M 2ππ?4m 2π)2as determined in [23].This results in a good description of the M ππspectrum (Fig.4e).

The detector simulation has been checked extensively and separately for each data taking pe-riod and decay lepton type using independent data samples and was adjusted where necessary.Typical trigger ef?ciencies are 45%for the muon channel and 55%for the electron channel.The ef?ciency for identifying a muon (electron)is typically 75%(85%).Together with the geometric detector acceptance the overall ef?ciency varies between 5and 10%with W γp .In the range studied here the variation of the overall ef?ciency with |t |is small.The resolu-tion in t for the muon decay channel is typically 0.035GeV 2and increases to 0.060GeV 2at |t |=1.2GeV 2.For the electron decay channel the resolution is roughly 15%worse than this due to bremsstrahlung.

2.4Separation of Elastic and Proton Dissociative Processes

For the analysis of the t -dependence it is necessary to separate elastic events from those with dissociation of the proton into a small mass system.To tag events with proton dissociation the

8

p t, [GeV ]

T r a c k s

θπ [0]T r a c k s

M ππ [GeV ]E v e n t s

W γp [GeV ]

E v e n t s b)c)Figure 4:Distributions for the cascade decays of ψ(2S )mesons:a)the transverse momentum of the decay leptons and b)the decay pions;c)the polar angle of the decay leptons and d)the decay pions;e)the two-pion invariant mass and f)the photon proton center-of-mass energy W γp .The points show the data.The histograms show the DIFFVM Monte Carlo simulation normalised to the number of events in the data after event reweighting (see text).

forward section of the calorimeter (θ<10?),the Proton Remnant Tagger (0.06?<θ<0.26?)and the Forward Muon Detector (3?<θ<17?)are used.With these forward detectors,disso-ciated proton states with masses M Y 1.6GeV can be tagged [24].In the following,events with (without)signals in the forward detectors are called ‘tagged’(‘untagged’),respectively.In the ‘untagged’sample no additional tracks other than those from the J/ψor ψ(2S )decay products are allowed.In the ‘tagged’sample at most one additional track measured in the forward tracking chambers in the polar angular region below 10?is allowed and an elasticity z >0.95is required in order to ensure that the event sample is diffractive.

The elastic and proton dissociative contributions to the diffractive sample are extracted from the untagged and tagged event samples respectively,taking the background admixtures from proton dissociative events in the untagged sample (~15%)and elastic events in the tagged

9

sample(~10%)into account.The admixtures are due to the limited angular coverage of the forward detectors,their inef?ciencies and noise?uctuations.

ψ(2S)→??ψ(2S)→??ππJ/ψ→??

untagged tagged

Elastic85%10%

6%54%14%85% Non-resonant Bg.––

For the direct decays ofψ(2S)and J/ψinto electrons the number of signal events is determined using a?t to the mass spectrum with Gaussians for the J/ψandψ(2S)signals,an exponential distribution for the radiative tails and a linear dependence for the non-resonant background. The systematic error in this method is estimated by comparing the result for the non-resonant background with that of the Monte Carlo generator GRAPE[21].For J/ψdecays into electrons the resulting systematic error is5%.For the directψ(2S)decays into electrons the uncertainty on the signal determination is estimated to be15%,which is larger than that for J/ψdue to the larger background fraction.

For the cascade decays the non-resonant background is very small and all events found in the range|M??ππ?M???0.59GeV|<0.06GeV are assigned to the signal(see Fig.2c).The number of J/ψevents is corrected for the fraction ofψ(2S)events with decays into a J/ψand neutral particles.This correction is estimated to be(3.4±0.9)%based on the results of this analysis(see below).The contribution to theψ(2S)sample from decays ofψ(3S)and higher excited states is expected to be small and is neglected.

3Results

The results are given for an average Q2 ~0.055GeV2and cover an energy range40

3.1Energy Dependence ofσ(ψ(2S))/σ(J/ψ)

The ratio ofψ(2S)to J/ψcross sections R=σ(ψ(2S))/σ(J/ψ)is measured as a function of Wγp.The total diffractiveψ(2S)and J/ψsamples,i.e.the sum of the tagged and the untagged samples as de?ned in section2.4,are used in order to minimise the systematic and statistical errors.The experimental signatures of the leptonic decay channels ofψ(2S)and J/ψmesons are very similar and the large sample of J/ψmesons has been used to support the study of the experimental systematics for theψ(2S)measurement.In the context of this analysis a complete measurement of the J/ψcross section was performed[25],yielding a Wγp dependence which is consistent with the results of our earlier publication[3].

The cross section ratio is obtained by taking the ratio of the corrected numbers ofψ(2S)events to the corrected number of J/ψevents in eachψ(2S)decay channel separately.Each of the samples is corrected for its speci?c trigger ef?ciency,event selection ef?ciency and theψ(2S) and J/ψbranching ratios3.In the evaluation of the systematic error on the cross section ratio the errors on the integrated luminosity,the trigger ef?ciency,the lepton identi?cation and track re-construction ef?ciencies and the detector acceptance are found to be highly correlated between the J/ψand theψ(2S)samples and therefore largely cancel.The remaining errors from these sources amount to5%in total.For the direct decays the uncertainty in the determination of the

0.10.15

0.20.25

W γp [GeV ]R = σψ(2S )/σJ /ψ

3.2t-Dependences of the Elastic and Proton Dissociative Channels

In order to study the t-dependences,the data are divided into the tagged and untagged samples as described in section2.4.Figure6shows the normalised differential cross sections1/σ·dσ/dt for events in mass windows of±150MeV around the nominal J/ψandψ(2S)masses for each of the three samples J/ψ,ψ(2S)with direct andψ(2S)with cascade decays.The data samples consist of events with decays into both muons and electrons and are corrected for ef?ciencies but not for remaining backgrounds.The untagged(tagged)cross sections are displayed in the left(right)column of the?gure.The main contribution to the untagged cross section is from the elastic diffractive process with contaminations from the untagged proton dissociative process and from non-resonant background.The main contribution to the tagged cross section is from the proton dissociative process,with contaminations from the non-resonant background and from the elastic process.

The method used to analyse the t-dependence is optimised for samples with large non-resonant background,i.e.the directψ(2S)decays.The same method is used for the analysis of the t-dependences of the J/ψsamples and theψ(2S)samples with cascade decays,for consis-tency.The t-dependences of the elastic and the proton dissociative contributions are described by single exponential distributions e bt.The slope parameters b are extracted using an iterative procedure of combined?ts to the tagged and untagged samples.The non-resonant backgrounds are described by sums of two exponential functions.The t-dependence and relative normalisa-tion of the non-resonant background are determined from an analysis of the side-band events in the range4

In the iteration procedure the relative fractions of the background contributions are?xed to the numbers given in section2.4.In the?rst step a?t is performed for the proton dissociative slope parameter in the tagged sample,neglecting the elastic contamination.This estimate is then used to compute the proton dissociative contamination in the untagged sample.The Monte Carlo simulation is used in this calculation to account for the t-dependence of the probability of failing to tag proton dissociation events.Secondly,a?t to the untagged sample is performed to extract the slope parameter of the elastic channel,correcting for the untagged proton disso-ciative contribution.This measurement of the elastic channel is then used to estimate the elastic contribution in the tagged sample and to improve the measurement of the proton dissociative process obtained in the?rst step.The?t procedure converges after one iteration since the elas-tic contamination in the tagged sample is small(see Fig.6).The elastic slope parameters b el are extracted for each of the three untagged samples in the region of0.07<|t|<0.9GeV2 excluding the regions with large non-resonant background(lowest|t|bin)or large contribution from proton dissociation(highest|t|bin).Similarly,the proton dissociative slope parameters b pd are extracted from the tagged samples in the region of0.15<|t|<3GeV2.The lowest |t|bin is excluded since for proton dissociation,the minimum kinematically allowed value of |t|can be large for large masses M Y.The highest|t|bin is excluded because at large values of |t| 3GeV2,the data deviate from an exponential behaviour.In Fig.6the solid lines indicate the parametrisations of the data as obtained from the?ts,including the contributions from the signals and the backgrounds.

The systematic uncertainty on the b values is estimated by varying the selection cuts and trigger conditions,the|t|-dependences of the ef?ciencies and acceptances and the admixtures of the

13

101010|t | [GeV 2]1/σ d σ/d t

|t | [GeV 2]101010

|t | [GeV 2]1/σ d σ/d t 10

10

|t | [GeV 2]1/σ d σ/d t 101010

|t | [GeV 2]1/σ d σ/d t 10

10

|t | [GeV 2]1/σ d σ/d t Figure 6:Normalised differential cross sections 1/σ·dσ/dt as a function of |t |for events a)in the J/ψmass window without a signal in the forward detectors (untagged),b)in the J/ψmass window with a signal in the forward detectors (tagged),c)untagged and d)tagged events in the ψ(2S )mass window for direct decays to lepton pairs,e)untagged and f)tagged ψ(2S )events with cascade decays.The solid lines show the results of the ?ts described in the text.The dashed (dotted)curves show the contributions from the elastic (proton dissociative)processes,respectively.For the direct decays into leptons (a-d)the contributions from the non-resonant background (dashed-dotted curves)are also shown.The shaded bands indicate the ?t regions.

14

background contributions(both relative normalisations and shapes)resulting in the uncertain-ties given in Table3.The dominant error source for the elastic slope parameter is the proton dissociative background.For the proton dissociative slope parameter the t-dependences of the trigger and event selection ef?ciencies are the dominant error sources.

From the untagged samples the?ts yield the elastic slope parameters bψ(2S)

el

=(4.31±0.57±

0.46)GeV?2for theψ(2S)and b J/ψ

el =(4.99±0.13±0.39)GeV?2for the J/ψ,where the

?rst error is statistical and the second error describes the systematic uncertainties.The result for b J/ψ

el

con?rms the previous measurement[3].From the tagged samples the proton dissociative

parameters bψ(2S)

pd =(0.59±0.13±0.12)GeV?2for theψ(2S)and b J/ψ

pd

=(1.07±0.03±0.11)

GeV?2for the J/ψare obtained.These results are listed in Table4,together with the results for separate?ts to the samples with muons or with electrons alone and to the samples with direct and cascadeψ(2S)decays.Good agreement is observed between the results from the different samples.

The measured slope parameters b pd with proton dissociation are considerably smaller than in the elastic case.This is in agreement with expectations[15].The t-dependence of elastic ψ(2S)photoproduction is similar to that of J/ψ.This is in agreement with expectations in the additive quark model[15]and also within the colour dipole model[9].For proton dissociation a somewhat shallower t-dependence is measured for theψ(2S)than for the J/ψ.The difference between the proton dissociative slope parameters of J/ψandψ(2S)mesons amounts to2.3 standard deviations and can be interpreted as an effect of theψ(2S)wavefunction node on the t-dependence.In proton dissociation this is more visible than in the elastic process due to the lower overall values of the slope parameter b pd.

4Summary

The Wγp and t-dependences of diffractiveψ(2S)photoproduction have been measured for the ?rst time.For the total diffractive cross section ratio R=σψ(2S)/σJ/ψa value of

R=0.166±0.007(stat.)±0.008(sys.)±0.007(BR)

is obtained in the region40

The t-dependences of elastic and proton dissociative charmonium production have been mea-sured.The t-dependence of elasticψ(2S)meson production is compatible with an exponential behaviour∝e bt in the measured range of|t|<0.9GeV2,with bψ(2S)

el

=(4.31±0.57±0.46)

GeV?2.This value is similar to the result for J/ψmesons,b J/ψ

el =(4.99±0.13±0.39)GeV?2

and thus con?rms the predictions of[9,10].The proton dissociative slope parameter has been determined to be bψ(2S)

pd

=(0.59±0.13±0.12)GeV?2for theψ(2S)meson,somewhat smaller

than that for the J/ψmeson,which is measured to be b J/ψ

pd =(1.07±0.03±0.11)GeV?2.

These results are well described by pQCD calculations which take into account the differences in the wavefunctions of the J/ψand its radial excitation.

15

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the HERA machine group whose outstanding efforts have made and continue to make this experiment possible.We thank the engineers and technicians for their work in constructing and now maintaining the H1detector,our funding agencies for?nancial support, the DESY technical staff for continual assistance and the DESY directorate for the hospitality which they extend to the non DESY members of the collaboration.

16

Wγp Interval[GeV]R(Wγp)

53.2

79.4

99.5

128.3

?b el?b pd?b el?b pd

0.20.10.20.1 t-dependence of forward tagging0.20.03

0.110.01––t-dependence of non-res.background––

0.350.010.270.01 t-dependence of p-diss.(elas.)background0.060.05

Total error0.450.12

b el[GeV?2]

ψ(2S)→μμ0.69±0.22

ψ(2S)→ee0.42±0.35

ψ(2S)→μμπ+π?0.53±0.28

ψ(2S)→eeπ+π?0.57±0.26

J/ψ→μμ1.10±0.04

J/ψ→ee1.01±0.04

4.69±0.73±0.45

3.88±0.92±0.47

ψ(2S)0.59±0.13±0.12

J/ψ1.07±0.03±0.11

Table4:Slope parameters for charmonium production for the elastic(left column)and pro-ton dissociative(right column)component.For the separate electron and muon channels only the statistical errors are given.For the results combining both channels,both statistical and systematic errors are quoted.

17

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