INTRODUCTION TO PYRAMID PRINCIPLE
金字塔式写作原则简介
为什么学习这门课程
如何高效地进行沟通
提高沟通的效能：
沟通是为了解决问题，要有明确和有价值的思想
提高沟通的效率：
沟通要让对方准确快速地理解你的意思，掌握关键点
AGENDA 课程
?Writing Backwards --The Pyramid
从结论说起
?The Governing Thought (TOPS)
中心思想
?Logical Arguments
逻辑论证
?Logical Groupings
逻辑组合
?No Gaps, No Overlaps (MECE)
不遗漏、不重叠( 不多不少)
EVOLUTION OF STRATEGIC WRITING 策略性写作方式的演变
Writing sentences 造句Writing
stories
写故事
Writing
backwards
从后面( 结论
) 写起
I II
III
雪莉吾友：
我俩是多年老朋友了，共渡过许多好时光… 但一个月前你说了些令人难受的话… 上两星期你又没来参加我办的宴会… 后来…
雪莉吾友：
我恨你！因为… …
Dear Shirley . . .
雪莉吾友…
I hate you
我恨你
Reason #1第一个理由Reason #2
第二个理由
Reason #3
第三个理由
WRITING BACKWARDS (PYRAMID PRINCIPLE)从结论说起(金字塔写作原则)
SOLVING THE PROBLEM 解决问题
Facts 事实Analyses
分析
Conclusions
结论
Recommen-
dations
建议方案
COMMUNICATING THE SOLUTION 沟通解决问题的办法
Recommendations 建议方案Actions/steps/reasons
行动/ 步骤/ 理由
Facts/ analyses
事实/ 分析
What should be done?该做什麽？How or why should it be
done?
为什麽该做这些？如
何做？
How do you know the
recommendations are sound?
怎麽知道这建议方案是完善
的？
DEVELOPING A STRUCTURE FOR "WRITING BACKWARDS"
如何建构「从结论说起」的作品
Governing thought
中心思想
Key line support
支撑思想的主
要理由
Support
支撑理由
Support
支撑理由
AGENDA 课程
?Writing Backwards --The Pyramid
从结论说起
?The Governing Thought (TOPS)
中心思想
?Logical Arguments
逻辑论证
?Logical Groupings
逻辑组合
?No Gaps, No Overlaps (MECE)
不遗漏、不重叠( 不多不少)
"IF YOU WERE TO BOIL YOUR BOOK DOWN TO A FEW WORDS, WHAT WOULD BE ITS MESSAGE?"
『您能用一句话介绍您的这本大作吗？』
GOVERNING THOUGHT 中心思想的要诀
T O P S
Targeted to our audience 瞄准观众
Over-arching 周延完整
Powerful 掷地有声
Supportable 言之有据
GOVERNING THOUGHT --IS IT TOPS?检验中心思想是否合乎标准？
The company has potential in the A, B, and C market segments
本公司在甲、乙、
丙三个市场具备发
展潜力The company should enter emerging market segments aggressively to preempt competition
本公司应积极打入新兴起的市场区隔之中，以及早占有优势竞争地位
AGENDA 课程
?Writing Backwards --The Pyramid 从结论说起
?The Governing Thought (TOPS)
中心思想
?Logical Arguments
逻辑论证
?Logical Groupings
逻辑组合
?No Gaps, No Overlaps (MECE)
不遗漏、不重叠( 不多不少)
Governing thought
中心思想
Key line support 主要理由
Governing thought
中心思想
ARGUMENT 论证式
GROUPING 组合式
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE (DEDUCTIVE REASONING)
逻辑论证式架构(演绎推论)
Key line support
主要理由
Governing thought
中心思想
Non-
controversial statement
about situation
以无可争议的说
法来陈述情况
Comment on situation
对情况的评论
Implication of situation
and comment
("therefore" point)
情况所代表的涵义
及评论(「因此」
… )
LOGICAL ARGUMENT -EXAMPLE 逻辑论证举例
To improve sales, Dynamo should take immediate
steps to develop and execute a more targeted
marketing plan for the LX 20
贵公司必须立即采取行动，研拟并实行对
象明确的营销计划以改善LX20 产品的销售
As you suspected, some manufacturing flaws have hurt sales of Dynamo抯new system LX 20
正如你所料想的，生产过程的瑕疵影响了新产品LX20 的销售However, major cause of
disappointing sales is
Dynamo抯unfocused
marketing effort
然而，真正使得销售不
振的主要原因则在于贵
公司市场营销的重点不
集中
Therefore, Dynamo should
take immediate steps to
develop and execute a more
targeted marketing plan
因此，贵公司应立即研
拟一份更明确强调重点
对象的营销计划并开始
实行
SOME ARGUMENT PATTERNS 部分逻辑论证模式
Success requires X
需有X 才能成功Success requires X
需要X 才能成功You are pursuing X
你正朝X 发展
You thought X was a problem
你认为X 是问题Performance is not as expected
绩效不如预期You are not equipped to do
X
你无法作到
You are not focusing on X
你的重心不在X
Y would be better
但Y 比较有利
Further investigation shows it
Y
但调查显示Y 才是问题
Underlying cause is X
问题出在X
Therefore, develop capability
for X
因此，建立作X 的能力
Therefore, shift focus to X
因此，转移重心到X
Therefore, change direction
to Y
因此，转向Y 前进
Therefore, shift focus to Y
因此，转移重心到Y
Therefore, take steps to fix
X
因此，设法解决X
PROS AND CONS OF ARGUMENTS 逻辑论证的利弊
Key line 主要
理由
Governing
thought
中心思想
Noncontroversial statement
about situation
以无可争议的说法来陈
述情况
Comment on situation
对情况的评论意见
Implication of situation and
comment ("therefore" point)
情况所代表的涵义及评
论(「因此」… … )
Pros
利
Cons
弊
?Demonstrates that no other avenue will work
证明内容的必然走向(没有第二条路可走)
?Can be particularly effective with resistant audiences
对有拒绝心理的听众尤为有效
?If audience disagrees with "situation" or "comment," argument will fail to persuade
如听众对「情况」或「意见」有异议，该论证即失去了说服力
?Requires audience to remember much information before getting to "so what"
听众在听到最后的「所以」结论时，先要记忆大量信息
AGENDA 课程
?Writing Backwards --The Pyramid 从结论说起
?The Governing Thought (TOPS)中心思想
?Logical Arguments
逻辑论证
?Logical Groupings
逻辑组合
?No Gaps, No Overlaps (MECE)不遗漏、不重叠( 不多不少)