英语阅读500题
（单项选择题）
1.IMO has decided决定that all ships over 300TGt must be fitted with a NAVTEX receiver ______ .IMO
在什么时候决定300总吨以上必须配备NAVTEX接收机。
A. by 01 Feb 1992
B. by 01 Aug 1993
C. between 01 Feb 1992 and 01 Feb 1999
D. before 01 Feb 1992
2.GMDSS is to provide ______ with reliable可靠的communication .
GMDSS提供给--所有客船和300总吨及以上货船在海上航行--的可靠通信。
A. all large passenger vessels
B. freighters of more than 300gt in coastal waters
C. all passenger ships and cargo ships engaged in international-voyages
D. all passenger ships and cargo ships of 300gt upwards in open sea
3.The complying遵从vessels can transmit ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least ______ .
这个遵守船舶（公约船）能发送船到岸遇险报警至少通过--两套分开和独立设备方法，使用不同的无线电通信业务。
A. One means, whether satellite or terrestrial techniques
B. Two means,途径whether无论satellite or terrestrial techniques
C. Two separate and independent独立的means, each using different radio communication services
D. Two means, such as MF DSC and HF DSC
4.The quality of the message can be affected 受到影响by ___ .信息的质量会受--气候--影响。
A. climate气候
B. sunshine阳光
C. human being人类生存
D. both a and b
5.Within the polar areas it is ______ to see a satellite in geo-stationary orbit .
在两极地区内是--不可能--看到地球静止轨道卫星的轨道。
A. impossible
B. possible可能
C. easy 容易
D. difficult困难
6.The Inmarsat system is open for use by ______ countries on a non-discriminatory无差别对待
basis . 国际海事卫星系统对--所有--国家在一个无差别待遇的基础上开放使用。
A. some
B. lots of
C. many
D. all
7.With the help of GMDSS ______ can be alerted to a distress incident as soon as possible .
在GMDSS的帮助下--岸上和海上搜救当局--能尽快发出遇险报警。
A. all ships in a large sea area
B. only the sea authorities ashore
C. the SAR units ashore and at sea
D. the port radios and the coast stations
8.In areas covered by Inmarsat HF can be used as an ______ to satellite communications.
在Inmarsat覆盖地区内高频可以作为一种--替代--卫星通信设施。
A. alternation交替
B. alternate代替
C. alter更改
D. alternative可供选择的事物
9.When receiving a distress alert, the SAR authorities ashore and the ships in the vicinity of the ship in distress will ______ in a coordinated search and rescue operation with the minimum delay . 当收到遇险警报时, 岸上SAR当局和遇险船附近的船只将以最小的延误--帮助--协调搜救工作。
A. assist帮助
B. send a rescue vessel 派一艘救助船
C. search the distress area搜索遇险区域
D. reach the distress position at once立即到达遇险位置
10.In which year was the COSPAS-SARSAT system established ?
哪一年建立低极轨道搜索和营救卫星系统?
A. 1980
B. 1981
C. 1979
D. 1982
11.It is quite相当的______ for an SES operator to send a distress alert .
船舶地球站操作员发送遇险警报是十分--简单和有把握的
A. easy and expensive容易和昂贵的
B. simple and certain简单和有把握的
C. dangerous and stable危险和稳定的
D. difficult and compulsory困难和强制
12.Any ships fitted with SES can ______ and _______ through the satellite system when sending a distress alert . 当发射遇险报警时，任何配备船舶地球站的船舶--有绝对优先权进入系统和通过岸站与…联系
A. enter the system / contact an RCC
B. access to INMARSAT / establish contact with a CES
C. have absolute绝对的priority to enter the system / make contact with a CES
D. enter the system gradually逐步地/ wait for rescue
13.What’s the advantage when using the satellites ? 当使用的卫星有什么优势----该信息范围扩大及改善了信息的接收质量。
A. The message can be directed to the desired location 这个信息能直接到理想的位置
B. The message can follow the earth’s curvature 这个信息可以跟随地球的曲率
C. The quality of message can not be affected by climatic信息的质量上不受气候影响
D. The range of the message extend and the quality of reception is improved
该信息范围扩大及改善了信息的接收质量。
14.The DSC frequency for distress alerting in Area A2 is ______ .
数字选择性呼叫在A2海区的遇险报警频率是---2187.5KHZ
A. 2182KHZ
B. 2174.5KHZ
C. 2192KHZ
D. 2187.5KHZ
15.What channel is general communication used ? 哪个频道用于一般通信。
A. any appropriate适当的channel except除了，不包括public communication
B. any appropriate channel except-for 除…之外public communications
C. any appropriate channel besides除…之外，还有public communication
D. any appropriate channel beside在…旁边，无关public communication
16.why do some stations keep silence ?
为什么一些电台保持沉默呢--他们会影响到遇险通信的传输
A. Because they are not engaged参与in the distress traffic 因为他们不参与遇险通信
B. they will affect the transmission of the distress traffic他们会影响到遇险通信的传输
C. The powers of these stations are very weak 这些电台发射功率非常弱
D. They are not in-charge-of负责search and rescue他们不负责搜救。
17.General radio communications in the global system are those between ______ concerning涉及the management and operation of the ships and may have impact-on影响their safety . 一般全球无线电通信系统，在--船站和岸基通信网络—之间涉及到船舶的管理和操作以及对他们的安全产生影响。
A. SAR party and the ship in distress 搜救单元与遇险船
B. SAR authorities and the ship in distress and survival craft 搜救当局和遇险船及救生艇
C. A ship station and any coast station一个船台与任何岸台
D. Ship stations and shore-based communication network船站和岸基通信网络
18.It is required that ships proceeding at sea should keep continuous watch on ______ . 要求在海上航行的船舶必须保持连续的值守在--适当的DSC遇险和安全频率
A. VHF channels 16 and 13
B. Appropriate适当的DSC distress and safety frequencie s
C. INMARSAT TDM message channel
D. VHF channel 70 and channel 8
19. The ARQ mode should be applied ___.自动请求重复模式适用于--当两个电台互相通信。
A. when two stations communicate with each other当两个电台互相通信。
B. in any radio system and at any time 在任何无线电系统并且在任何时间
C. when one ship sends a message to another station 当一个船台发送信息到其他电台
D. for communication among在…之内some stations一些电台为之间的交流（通信）
20. What information will a distress alert contain ? 遇险报警包含什么信息？
A. nature of distress
B. type of assistance required
C. course and speed and time at which the information was recorded
D. A, B, C are all right
21. A radio determination探测system based on the comparison比照of reference参考的signals with
radio signals reflected反射的, or retransmitted from the position to be determined, is ______ .无线电探测系统基于反射或转发回来的无线电信号为参考信号进行比较来测定位置，它是----雷达系统。
A. DF测线仪
B. Radar System
C. DSC System
D. COSPAS-SARSAT
22. With the help of modern technology, ships are able to receive automated broadcast of safety
messages ___.有了现代科技的协助，船舶能接收自动播发的安全信息--几乎昼夜不停--。
A. by day or at night白天或晚上
B. almost几乎round the clock几乎昼夜不停
C. somewhat有点and sometime有点,有时候
D. from sunrise and sunset从日出到日落
23. The WWNWS is a coordinated global service for the broadcast by radio of vital information on ______
to marine navigation. 全球航行警告业务是一个协调全球业务，有---危害---到海上航行安全的极重要信息广播。
A. ship’s movement 船舶的移动
B. safety 安全
C. ship’s management船舶的管理
D. hazards危险，危害
24. distress alerts will be relayed on the ______ when the RCC considers it necessary .
当RCC认为必要时，遇险警报将---在MSI播发系统---被转播。
A. dedicated专用的system
B. MSI broadcasts
C. 518KHZ
D. channel 16
25. The frequency 518KHZ will be used to transmit ______ and ______ wanings in NAVTEX .
在NAVTEX系统518频率用于发送---航行警告和气象警告。
A. navigational / typhoon
B. traffic / meteorological
C. marine / hurricane
D. navigational / meteorological
26. It is possible for ships to receive safety message transmitted by Navtex station ______ .
它是可能的船舶接收通过Navtex台播发安全信息--在每一个Navtex海区。
A. in any INMARSAT regions
B. in each NAVTEX area
C. at any distance
D. in Areas A3 and A4
27. A Navtex station in each NAVAREA is usually allowed to have ______ for transmission .
在每个NAVAREA的一个Navtex发射台通常允许--每4小时10分钟--的发送。
A. 10 minutes every 4 hours
B. half an hour every other hour
C. irregular不规定的period of time
D. 5 minutes every two hours
28. The difference between international and national Navtex Service is limited to ______
在国际的和国内的Navtex 服务之间的区别仅限于--语言和频率
A. frequency allocated
B. both language and frequency
C. language used
D. transmission power and time
29. Navtex transmitter identification character ______ is used to identify the broadcasts which are to be
accepted by the receiver and those are to be rejected .
Navtex发射机识别字符--B1—用于发射台的识别，它们可以被接收也可以被拒收。
A. B2
B. B1
C. MAR
D. NNN
30. The receiving stations can use the B2 character to ______ different, classes of messages .
这个接收台能使用B2字母--识别—不同信息种类。
A. identify识别
B. Correct 更正
C. Reject 抑制
D. Print out打印
31. If EGC receiver shares共用a same antenna with Inmarsat SES, it means that it can receive MSI
______ . 如果增强群呼接收机与Inmarsat船站共用一个天线，它可以--通过卫星船舶地球站跟踪系统--接收MSI
A. from any Inmarsat satellite
B. from any appropriate Navtex and EGC station
C. via the satellite the SES is trackin g
D. from any RCC and coast station
32. Why should the SES operators be very careful when the ship enters the area where three ocean
regions overlap重叠? Because ______ . 当船舶进入三个洋区重叠区时，为什么船舶地球站操作员应十分小心，因为---SES可能从不想要的卫星接收信号。
A. the weather is always terrible恐怖的恶劣的天气
B. the condition there is complicated复杂的情况
C. the signals are too strong 信号太强
D. their SES may receive the signals from unwanted sate llite
33. The establishment of INMARSAT as an independent独立的organization marked a great step forward
for maritime radio communications . What does “marked a great step”mean in the sentence ?
INMARSAT作为一个独立的组织的建立，标志海上无线电通信向前迈一大步。“marked a great step”的意思是：
A. To run faster than ever运行速度比以往都快
B. To go forward前进
C. To march发展without stopping 稳步发展
D. A significant重要symbol标志of a great improvement改进in maritime c ommunication .
海事通信很大进步的重要标志
34. In addition to meeting the requirement of Sea area A1, every ship engaged on voyage in Sea area A2
shall be provided with ______ . 除满足A1海区的要求从事在A2海区航行的每一船舶应提供--中频带有DSC的无线电装置。
A. MF radio installation with DSC
B. SES
C. MF/HF radio telephone installation
D. 2187.5KHZ watch receiver
35. ______ is a space system using one or more artificial earth satellites .
使用一个或更多的人造地球卫星的空间系统是—卫星系统。
A. satellite network
B. Satellite Link
C. INMARSAT
D. Satellite System
36. The satellites over the major ocean regions cover the globe ______ .
卫星覆盖全球的主要洋区—远至南北纬70度
A. besides除…之外the polar regions
B. including the North Pole and the South Pole
C. above 70N and below 70S
D. as far as north and south 70
37. There are some back-up satellites in-the-event万一of failure. If the operational satellite is out of
work, ______ .一些备用卫星，在工作卫星故障的情况下，备用卫星将取代它。
A. communications in the whole system will stop
B. the global system will be damaged
C. the back-up one will take its plac e备用卫星将取代它
D. the whole system will not work
38. The position if the IOR satellite in the INMARSAT system is ______ above the equator .
A. 64.5E
B. 178E
C. 15.5W
D. 54W
39. The GMDSS defines定义four sea area based on the ______ . 满足GMDSS要求的基础上定义了四个
海区—岸基通信设施的位置和能力
A. location and capacity of the facilities located on b oard ships
B. Position and type of a sincere真实的sintion
C. Capacity and location of shore based communication facilities
D. Position and capacity of mobile communication stations.
40. The NCS of INMARSAT-F system in the IOR is in ______ .
INMARSAT-F站印度洋的网络协调站在--日本山口
A. Goonhilly, UK
B. Yamaguchi, Japan
C. Perth, Australia
D. Southbury, USA
41. The Network Coordination station for the INMARSAT-F coast stations in the Pacific ocean region is in
______ . INMARTSAT-F站太平洋的网络协调站在---日本山口
A. Yamaguchi, Japan
B. Beijing, China
C. Nakhodka, Russia
D. Perth, Australia
42. Any ship with SES can ______ and ______ through the Inmarsat satellites when sending a distress
alert .
A. enter the system rapidly / wait for rescue
B. have an absolute priority to enter the system / contact with a CE S
C. establish contact with the RCC / enter the port
D. enter the system gradually逐渐地/ get the rescue
43. A mobile earth station in the maritime mobile-satellite service, which is located on board ship, is
called ______ . 在海事移动卫星业务的一个移动地球站，安装在船上叫--船舶地球站。
A. an LES
B. an SES
C. a ship station
D. a Land Mobile Station
44. After successful commissioning , the ______ will permit the SES access to system.
在成功调试（授权）后这个--INMARSAT--许可船舶地球站进入该系统
A. INMARSAT
B. IMO
C. MSC
D. CES
45. In general, there are two parts in an SES, One of these is antenna eqipment also referred-to称为as
______ . 一般来讲，船舶地球站有2部分，一个是天线设备也称为--ADE
A. BDE
B. UDE
C. AEP
D. ADE甲板上设备
46. To establish a communication channel for the telex service in the INMARSAT-A terminal, you should
first ______ .在INMARSAT-A电传服务终端建立通信信道,你应该先--从你的船舶地球站建立一个通信信道，经由卫星，在你的洋区内选择一个岸站
A. establish a communication channel from the CES, via the International Telex Network to the final
destination
B. set up a communication channel from your SES, via a satellite, to a CES within yo ur ocean region
C. set up a channel directly to the addressee at the destination
D. establish a channel from your terminal , via the International Telex Network to a CES within your
ocean region
47. The maritime access code for the AOR-E is ______ in INMARSAT-A Telex Service .
在INMARSAT-A电传业务里，大西洋东区电传接续码是--581
A. 581
B. 582
C. 583
D. 584
48. When you have received GA+ from the CES for the INMARSAT-A telex communication, you should
immediately select ______ and ______ you required . 当你从INMARSAT-A电传通信的岸站收到GA+ ，你应该立即选择---业务码/ 用户电传号码
A. an CES / telex mode
B. an SES telex service
C. the service /the subscrib er
D. a satellite /an ocean region
49. Every ship must be fitted with SART, and two-way VHF radio telephone .
每船必须配备2台SART和3台双向无线电话。
A. 1, 2
B. 2, 3
C. 2, 1
D. 3, 2
50. The maritime access code of telephone mode in INMARSAT-A terminal for the IOR is _____.
在INMARSAT-A终端业务里，印度洋电话接续码是--873
A. 871
B.872
C.873
D. 874
51. ______ are operated as a secondary method of alerting in the GMDSS .
在GMDSS系统中，---卫星紧急无线电示位标和非卫星紧急无线电示位标—是作为第二种报警的手段。
A. satellite EPIRBs
B. Non-satellite EPIRBs
C. SES and DSC
D. a+b
52. Which Inmarsat system applies store-and-forward messaging ?
哪一个海事卫星系统采用存储转发信息？
A. Inmarsat-A
B. Inmarsat-C
C. Inmarsat-B
D. Inmarsat-M
53. Distress signal are always stored in the memory so as to start ______ .
遇险信号是始终储存在储存器,以便开始--连续播发
A. local-mode coverage
B. SAR operations
C. data process
D. continuous broadca st
54. EGC is a ______ part of INMARSAT-C . 增强寻呼是INMARSAT-C --组成--的一部分
A. component组成
B. supportable可支持的
C. combined结合
D. complimentary赠送
55 An area within the coverage of at least one VHF shore station in which continuous DSC distress
alerting is available is ______ .至少有在VHF海岸电台可连续的的DSC遇险报警能力的覆盖范围内的区域是—A1海区
A. sea area A1
B. sea area A2
C. distress area
D. GMDSS areas
56. An area within the coverage of at least one MF shore station in which continuous DSC distress
alerting is available is ______ .
A. Sea area A1
B. Sea area A2
C. Distress area
D. GMDSS areas
57. In area A2, the DSC frequency for distress alerting is ______ .
A. 2182KHz
B. 2174.5KHz
C. 2191KHz
D. 2187.5KH z
58. If a DSC distress relay is transmitted from coast station , it will ______ . 如果从海岸电台收到一个DSC
遇险转播,它将--警告这个海区的船舶有遇险事件的发生。
A. indicate the ship in distress that the alert has been received遇险船表示警告已收到
B. alert ships in the area of a distress incident that a distress has occurred
警告这个海区的船舶有遇险事件的发生
C. inform other coast station of distress incident通知其他海岸电台遇险的事件
D. repeat the distress alert in 5 minutes在5分钟重复这个遇险警报
59. Ship-to-ship distress alerting should be conducted发送by ______ .
船到船遇险报警由—VHF DSC 或MF DSC—发送。
A. Inmarsat SES
B. VHF/DSC or MF/DS C
C. SART and VHF/DSC
D. Satellite EPIRB and VHF/DSC
60. If the DSC controller is configured-for配置MF/HF operation, the distress will be sent on ______.如果DSC控制器是配置为中高频操作，该遇险发送是--多频—发送。
A. double frequencies双频
B. single frequency 单频
C. dedicated frequency 专用频率
D. multiple frequenci es 多频
61. Maritime Safety Information ______ International SafetyNet Service and NAVTEX Service . MSI—就--
国际安全网服务和NAVTEX服务
A. consists of由--组成
B. can be received能接收
C. is transmitted by传输
D. Are made on
62. IMO has decided that all ships over 300TGT must be fitted with a NAVTEX receiver.
A. by 01 Feb 1992
B. 01 Aug 1993
C. between 01 Feb 1992 and 01 Feb 1999
D. before 01 Feb 1992
63. Ships sailing in ______ are able to receive and print out EGC messages.
船舶航行在--固定区域或航行警告区域--能接收和打印增强寻呼信息
A. a fixed area or Navarea in any ocean regio n
B. a Navarea or weather forecast area
C. the designated指定的area or given geographic地理的position
D. anywhere of the world
64. Ships sailing in ______ are able to receive and print out EGC messages .
A. a fixed area or Navarea in any ocean regio n
B. a Navarea or weather forecast area
C. the designated area or given geographic position
D. anywhere of the world
65. ______ can receive MSI sent by coast station .
---NAVTEX接收机--能接收通过岸台播发的海上安全信息。
A. A NAVTEX receiver
B. An EGC receiver
C.. MF/HF radio telephone
D. HF radio telephone with NBDP
66. SafetyNet is a maritime safety information broadcast service offering ______ on suitably适当地
equipped ships. 安全网是海上安全信息广播服务，提供适当装备，船舶--免费接收--
A . free reception免费接收 B. free transmission免费发送
C. dedicated专门的reception
D. dedicated transmission
67. COSPAS-SARSAT has the function of ___ . 低轨道搜救卫星系统的功能--遇险报警
A. distress alerting
B. communication
C. broadcasting MSI
D. on-scene communication
68. The COSPAS-SARSAT 406MHZ system was adopted采用as an element of the GMDSS by IMO in
______ . 这个COSPAS-SARSAT 406MHZ系统在--1988--由IMO采纳作为GMDSS的一部分。
A. 1992
B. 1980
C. 1984
D. 1988（SOLAS1974修正案提出的）
69.______ is capable of finding any 406MHZ beacons no matter where they are.
--本地用户终端LUT --是有能力找到任何406MHZ示位标不论他们在哪里。
A. Local User Terminal
B. Spacecraft
C. Local-mode coverage
D. Near polar orbiting satellites
70.COSPAS-SARSAT cannot fulfill实现the function of :
COSPAS-SARSAT 不能实现的功能:--遇险通讯
A. determining the position of a distress vessel确定一个遇险船的位置
B. both a and c
C. distress communicatio n 遇险通信
D. distress alerting and position fixing in Area A4 遇险报警和定位预报在A4海区
71.the beacon located on board aircraft is termed _____ .安装在航空器的示位标称为--ELT
A. EPIRB
B. PLB
C. ELT 紧急示位发射机
D. MCC
72.for COSPAS-SARSAT system, _____ transmit distress alert and location information to appropriate
rescue authorities all over the world .在世界各地，地面接收站接收COSPAS-SARSAT系统发射的遇险报警和寻位信息到合适的救助当局。
A. Polar orbiting satellites
B. Ground receiving station s
C. MCC
D. ROC
73.Distress alerting is usually transmitted to ___ . 遇险报警通常是发送到--附近船舶和RCC
A. ships near distress position
B. rescue coordination center
C. all ships in a large area
D. both a and b
74.Exchange of answer-backs acts a confirmation that the messages _____ at the destination.
交换应答码行为确定该电报--已被目的地接收。
A. have received
B. have been received 已收到
C. are received
D. are being received
75.The range of a MF coast station is normally _____ nm.中频海岸电台覆盖范围—200海里
A. 20 to 30
B. 200
C. 100
D. 450
76._____ process the distress signal from EPIRB to determine its position and identity.
地面接收站—处理来自EPIRB的遇险信号以确定它的位置和身份。
A. COSPAS-SARSAT
B. ground receiving stations
C. storing distress signal
D. Near polar orbiting satellites
77.A station in the mobile service the emissions of which are intended to facilitate使…便利search and
rescue operations is _____ .
在移动服务里的一个站是--EPIRB--,其发射是为了便于搜索和救援行动。
A. EPIRB
B. SART
C. Mobile Station
D. Distress Alerting
78.Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable.在海上航行的每艘船, 均应能够----
A. of receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts
B. of transmitting and receiving MSI
C. of transmitting and receiving ship-to-ship distress alerts
D. A, B, C are all righ t
79.Every radio installation shall be clearly marked with the _____ , the ship station identity and other codes as applicable-for适当的the use of the radio installation. 每一个无线电装置应该是清晰的标有---
呼号--船台识别和作为适当无线电装置使用的其他识别码。
A. call sign
B. port of register
C. radio name
D. signal label说明
80.Bridge-to-bridge communication means _____ communications between ships from the position
from which the ships are normally navigated. 驾驶台对驾驶台通讯指的是--常规--通信在正常航行船舶之间。
A. distress
B. urgent
C. safety
D. general
81.Every lifeboat which is fitted with a fixed _____ VHF radiotelephone apparatus with an antenna which
is separately mounted shall be provided with arrangements for sitting and securing固定the antenna effectively有效地in its operating position.
每一个救生艇,配备有一个固定的--双向—无线电话（VHF）带有天线的无线电装置，应单独安装，在它的操作位置提供座位和固定天线的有效安排。
A. one-way单向
B. two-way双向
C. double-effect双效
D. one-effect一效
82.Every lifeboat which is fitted with a fixed two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus with_____ which is separately mounted shall be provided with arrangements for sitting and securing the antenna effectively in is operating position.
A. a dummy antenna假天线
B. a supporting facilities辅助设备
C. a back-up equipment备用设备
D. an antenna天线
83.At least _____ two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus shall be provided on every cargo ship of 300 tons gross tonnage and upwards but less than 500 tons gross tonnage.
300总吨以上500总吨以下的货船应至少配备--2--台双向甚高频无线电话。
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
84.Stations in the United States of America are grouped by states arranged in the alphabetical order of their
__ .电台在美利坚合众国是按照他们所属的州的字母顺序的分配他们的名字
A. countries国家
B. states 州的
C. names 名字
D. groups分组
85.According to the basic concept of GMDSS, _____ can be rapidly alerted to a distress incident.
根据GMDSS的基本含义--岸上搜救当局及遇险事件附近船舶--能迅速报警遇险事件。
A. only SAR authorities on land
B. all ships in a very large sea area
C. the nearest coast stations and port radios
D. the SAR authorities ashore as well as ships in the vicinity of the casua lty遇难
86.Having studied the INMARSAT document, GMDSS document, SOLAS Convention and other
international navigation documents, we all know that the Chapter IV of SOLAS Convention is mainly about _____ . 所有学习了INMARSAT 的文件，GMDSS文件，SOLAS公约和其他国际航海文件，我们知道SOLAS公约第四章是主要关于--无线电规则
A. the radio regulations无线电规则
B. the technical terms and definitions名词术语和定义
C. how to operate the GMDSS SES equipment
D. Maritime Communications
87.What following is not among the functions of SOLAS ships ?
下列什么功能不在SOLAS公约之中--接收公共通信信息
A. receive shore-to-ship distress alerting
B. transmit ship-to-shore distress alerting
C. receive message for public correspondence
D. transmit and receive locating signals
88.Vessel in distress _____ indicate their position by any method.
船舶在遇险中--有权--用任何的方式指明他们的位置
A. cannot不能
B. are no allowed不允许
C. have the right有权力
D. should get permission to应该得到许可
89.The distress alert should _____ the ship in distress. 遇险警报应有遇险船舶的识别。
A. identity身份
B. identical同样的
C. identify识别
D. identification鉴定
90.General radio communications in the global system may _____ ship’s safety .
一般全球系统无线电通信可能会---影响---船舶的安全。
A. be responsible for 负责
B. have an impact on 有影响
C. command 命令
D. give a guidance to 给予指导
91.In the case of a ship in distress , the need exists to create a temporary geographic area to _____
locating potential潜在的assisting ships. 在船舶遇险的情况下，需要创建一个临时的地理区域，以方便寻找潜在的救助船舶。
A. increase增加
B. improve改善
C. facilitate便于
D. develop发展
92.Distress traffic is the communication _____ between the station in distress and the ships, aircraft, coast radio stations, coast earth stations and rescue centers participating-in参与the rescue work.
遇险通信是在遇险台和附近船舶，航空器，岸台，岸站和参与救助工作的救助中心之间的-交换-通信。
A. exchange
B. to exchange
C. exchanging
D. exchanged交换
93.A SART provides the main means _____ a survival craft or the mother ship in distress under the global
maritime distress and safety system. 在GMDSS系统中，一个SART 提供主要的方法--为了寻位---救生艇或遇险的母船。
A. to locate
B. for locating
C. in locating
D. by locating
94.The portable SART is designed _____ on the bridge in its container. 这个手提式SART 是设计在驾驶
室用箱子--收藏起来
A. to stow
B. for stowing
C. being stowed
D. to be stowed存放
95.What did you say on board _____ any part of the message is considered sufficiently足够地important
to need safe guarding ?
你怎么说，船上--如果--被认为足够重要的信息部分需要安全防范？
A. which
B. if
C. why
D. that
96.The advantage 优势of geo-stationary satellites is _____ .
这个静止轨道卫星的优势是--能尽快测定遇险报警
A. the range of antennal can cover everywhere in the world天线能覆盖的范围在世界的每个角落
B. we can know the ship’s exact position我们可以知道这艘船的确切位置
C. that the distress alert can be located as soon as possib le能尽快测定遇险报警
D. antenna of permanent earth stations may be directed towards对于fixed points in the sky
永久性地面站的天线，可指向天空中的固定点
97.Some words in English have meanings _____ the context in which they appear. 一些英语单词中的含
义,--取决于—上下文语境中出现。
A. depended on
B. which depend on依赖于，取决于
C. which depends on
D. to which depends on
98.The fishing vessel _____ the distress area until the assistance vessel arrived. 这个渔船直到救助船到
达--才离开--这个遇险区域
A. leave
B. left
C. has left
D. didn’t leave才离开
99.All coast radio stations _____ DSC installed for VHF and HF.
所有的无线电岸台--应配有---带有DSC的VHF和HF装置。
A. have
B. had
C. are having
D. have had
100.By using previous communication system, rescue is often a matter of chance时机. What does “a matter of chance “mean ? 通过使用以前的通讯系统，营救往往是偶然机会。
A. occasionall y 偶尔
B. accidentally 意外
C. often经常
D. usually通常
101. SOLAS vessels should be able to communicate with a shore station _____.
SOLAS公约船只应该能够沟通海岸站台--不论他们在哪里,和什么时候
A. no matter where they are and what time it is不论他们在哪里,和什么时候
B. at scheduled time and in major ocean regions在预定的时间和主要海洋地区
C. at fixed time and position在固定的时间和位置
D. when they get permission当他们得到许可
102. The basic concept of GMDSS is _____.这个GMDSS的基本概念是---搜救单元将迅速报警遇险事件和在协调搜救工作给予帮助。
A.Search and rescue authorities ashore will rapidly received an distress alert and acted upon
B.SAR units will be rapidly alerted to a distress incident and assist in a coordinated SAR operation
搜救单元将迅速报警遇险事件和在协调搜救工作给予帮助。
C.Ships navigating in the immediate vicinity of the ship in distress will rapidly alerted to the alert
and give their help accordingly
D.The RCC will rapidly alerted to a distress alert through satellite and terrestrial communication
techniques and conducted实施a rescue operation immediately
103. The complying vessels will transmit ship-to-shore distress alert by _____ in area A4.
遵守（公约）船在A4海区发送船到岸遇险报警使用-----。
A. MF DSC
B. HF DSC
C. 406MHZ S-EPIRB
D. Both b and c
104. The INMARSAT safety-net service covers _____.
INMARSAT安全网业务覆盖—仅在4个INMARSAT洋区。
A. the whole world
B. all NAVAREAS
C. areas from A1 to A2
D. only four Inmarsat regions
105. Which Inmarsat system applies store-and-forward messaging ?
哪一个Inmarsat系统采用存储并转发信息--C
A. Inmarsat-A
B. Inmarsat-B
C. Inmarsat-C
D. Inmarsat-F
106. The Inmarsat system is open for use by _____countries on a non-discriminatory basis .
这个Inmarsat系统是对--所有--国家在无歧视基础上开放使用的。
A. some
B. lots of
C. many
D. all
107. Sea Area A3 is an area within the coverage of _____in which continuous alerting available . 在A3海区在---INMARSAT站--覆盖范围内，可进行连续的报警。
A. VHF stations
B. MF/HF stations
C. Radio stations
D. INMARSAT station s
108. The GMDSS must combine all various subsystems, because _____.
这个GMDSS系统必须结合所有不同的分系统，因为--all of above
A. they all have different limitations with respect to coverage
他们在覆盖方面都有着不同的局限性
B. they all have different limitations in the technology they use
他们都有不同的限制在他们使用技术方面
C. different systems apply to different ships不同的系统适用于不同的船只
D. all of above
109. In addition to communication equipment, the GMDSS will introduce提出requirements of SARTs and EPIRBs designed to improve the _____.除了通讯设备之外，这个GMDSS要求采用SART和EPIRB 目的在于改进-生还的机会
A. living standards 生活水平
B. survival condition 生存状态
C. chance of survival生还的机会
D. technical specification技术规范
110. Ships equipped with Inmarsat SES send distress alerts both _____and _____.
船舶装备有Inmarsat 地球站发送遇险警报既--方便又可靠
A. quick and good
B. convenient方便的and certain
C. easily and simply
D. important and difficult
111. Some radio waves _____ the surface of the earth because of its _____ .
一些无线电波--几乎不能沿着--地球表面---传播因为它的--形状
A. are capable of following / distance
B. can follow / altitude 高度
C. can hardly follow / shape形状
D. are unable following / angle角度
112. Ships in areas A3 and A4 will transmit, as appropriate, _____ .
船舶在A3和A4海区传输视情况而定--
A. a ship to ship alert on MF/VHF
B. a ship to shore alert by SES/HF DSC
C. a ship to shore alert by satellite EPIRB
D. all of a, b, c
113. What’s the advantage when using the satellites ?
当使用的卫星有什么优势----信息范围扩大及改善了接收信息的质量
A. The message can be directed to the desired location这个信息可以直接到理想的位置
B. The message can follow the earth’s curvature这个信息可以跟随地球的曲率
C. The quality of message can not be affected by climatic信息的质量上不受气候影响
D. the range of the message extend and the quality of reception is improve d
信息范围扩大及改善了接收信息的质量
114. General communications are those communications _____ . 一般通讯是那些什么通讯--
A. between ship stations and shore-based communication networks船站和岸基之间的通信网络
B. concern the management and operation of ships 有关的船只管理和运行
C. may have an impact of the safety on ships 可能会有影响船舶的安全
D. all of A, B, C
115. What channel is general communication used ? 什么频道是一般通讯使用----任何适当的频道除了公共通信--带S
A. any appropriate channel except public communication
B. any appropriate channel except for public communications
C. any appropriate channel besides public communicatio n
D. any appropriate channel beside public communication
116. A ship station on receiving a shore-to-ship distress alert should _____ . 一个船站接收一个岸到船的遇险警报应该--建立直接的通信和提供这种援助是必要和适当的的
A. keep silence
B. interfere with such communication
C. establish communication as directed and render提供such assistance as is required and
appropriate建立直接的通信和提供这种援助是必要和适当的的
D. refuse拒绝communication as directed and render such assistance as is required and
appropriate
117. Signals for locating will be transmitted in the 9GHz band by means of _____ .
寻位信号将被发射由---SART---在9GHZ频段。
A. SART
B. DSC
C. NBDP
D. RT
118. Which of the following optional equipment can be used by a ship in Area A3 for ship to shore distress alerting ? 下列哪个设备，在A3海区的船舶可用于发送船到岸遇险警报-INMARSAT SES
A. VHF DSC
B. MF DSC
C. INMARSAT SES
D. VHF 70CH EPIRB
119. The ARQ mode should be applied ___ .自动请求重复模式应适用于--两个站台相互沟通
A. when two stations communicate with each othe r两个站台相互沟通
B. in any radio system and at any time在任何无线电系统并且在任何时间
C. when one ship sends a message to another station当一艘船发送信息到其他站台
D. for communication among some stations一些电台之间的交流
120. The SART should provide a _____ indication of its correct operation and should also inform survivors when it is interrogated询问by radar. 当被雷达询问信号触发时，SART应该提供一个----视觉或听见---表明其正确操作，通知幸存者。
A. sight or sound 视觉或声音
B. seeing or sounding看见或声音
C. visual or audible视觉或听见
D. seeing or hearing看见或听见
121. When the power of a SART is on , it will _____ . SART电源接通，它将---等候X波段雷达询问信号触发。
A. transmit distress signal
B. send response signal
C. transmit the signal of ship’s position
D. be interrogated by X-band rada r
122. With the help of modern technology, ships are able to receive automated broadcast of safety messages ___ . 有了现代科技的协助，船舶能接收自动播出的安全信息--几乎昼夜不停
A. by day or at night
B. almost round the clock
C. somewhat and sometime
D. from sunrise to sunset
123. International SafetyNet and Navtex Services promulgate播发MSI by means of _____ .
国际安全网和航行警告电传服务播发海上安全信息是通过方法--卫星和地面通讯系统
A. FEC and ARQ
B. satellite and terrestrial communicatio ns卫星和地面通讯
C. radio and telex
D. NBDP
124. In the GMDSS, MSI broadcasts will be made on two dedicated systems: _____ and _____ .
在GMDSS系统中，MSI播发就两种专用的系统：Inmarsat安全网和航警电传
A. NBDP/VHF radio
B. Inmarsat safetyNet/NAVTEX
C. Safety service / Inmarsat-A
D. Long range / short range
125. Ships at sea are in urgent need of MSI because they are _____ various kinds of danger .
船舶在海上航行急需MSI,因为它们--容易满足--各种各样的危险。
A. subject for主题为
B. liable to容易
C. easy to meet容易满足
D. always encounter常常面对
126. The NAVTEX receiver can be mounted on _____ . NAVTEX接收机可以安装在--驾驶台。
A. on the bridge
B. in the coast station
C. on the forecastle 在船首
D. on starboard side在右舷
127. The distance between the two Navtex stations with the same B1 character should be not exceed _____ nautical miles . 带有相同B1字母的两个Navtex台之间的距离,应该不超过--400--海里
A. 400
B. 200
C. 450
D. 180
128. NAVTEX transmissions have a designed range of about _____ nautical miles .
NAVTEX发射覆盖范围大约是--400--海里
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600
129. The transmitter identification character B1 is a single unique letter which is allocated分配to each NAVTEX ___ . 发射识别字母B1是一个单一独特字符分配给每个NAVTEX--发射机。
A. receiver
B. SES
C. CES
D. Transmitter
130. In NAVTEX service, the subject indicate character B means _____ .
在NAVTEX服务里，标题识别字母B意思是----气象警报
A. meteorological warnings
B. navigational warnings
C. search and rescue information
D. meteorological forecast
131. In NAVTEX service, VITAL warnings will _____ by transmitting station .
在NAVTEX服务里极重要警报将通过发射台---协调清楚立即发送。
A. be transmitted at once though the frequency is not clear
B. be transmitted as soon as the frequency is cleared coordinately
C. be transmitted at its scheduled transmissions
D. be transmitted at next scheduled transmissions
132. The satellites over the major ocean regions cover the globe _____ .
卫星覆盖全球主要海洋区域—远至南北纬70度
A. besides the polar regions
B. including the North Pole and the South Pole
C. above 70°N and below 70°S
D. as far as north and south as 70°
133. The establishment of INMARSART as an independent独立的organization marked a great step forward for maritime radio communications. What does “marked a great step”mean in the sentence ? INMARSAT作为一个独立的组织的建立，标志海上无线电通信向前迈一大步。“marked a great step”的意思是：
A. To run faster than ever 运行速度比以往都快
B. To go forward 前进
C. To march发展without stopping 稳步发展
D. A significant symbol of a great improvement in maritime communica tion.
海事通信很大进步的重要标志
134. In addition to meeting the requirement of Sea A1 and A2, every ship engaged on voyage in Sea area A3 shall be provided with _____ . 除满足A1及A2海区要求，从事在A3海区航行的每一船舶还应配备有--SES or HF with DSC
A. MF radio installation with DSC
B. SES or HF with DSC
C. MF/HF radio telephone installation
D. 2187.5Khz watch receiver
135. There are ____ operational satellites in the INMARSAT system covering the whole globe except the polar regions 在INMARSAT系统有4颗工作卫星覆盖除两极以外的全球覆盖
A. 3
B. 4
C. 8
D. 12
136. There is actually确实an overlap of _____ ocean regions somewhere in Western European Waters.
在西欧的某处水域确实有一个--多达三个--海洋地区的重叠区。
A. as many as three
B. more than two
C. less than two
D. up to four
137. There is actually an overlapped area of _____ ocean regions somewhere in Western European Waters . 在西欧的某处水域确实有--三颗卫星—覆盖该洋区的重叠区。
A. two
B. three
C. more than two
D. more than three
138. The position if the AOR-w satellite in the INMARSAT system is _____ above the equator .
大西洋-西卫星的位置。
A. 64.5E
B. 178E
C. 15.5W
D. 54W
139. The GMDSS defines four sea area based on the _____ . 满足GMDSS的基础上定义了四个海区----岸基通信设施的能力和位置
A. location and capacity of the facilities located on board ships
B. Position and type of a sincre sintion
C. Capacity and location of shore based communication facilities
D. Position and capacity of mobile communication stations.
140. The NCC is located in the _____ . 这个网络协调中心位于--在伦敦Inmarsat 总部
A. IMO Headquarters in London
B. Inmarsat Headquarters building in London
C. Western European Maritime Organization
D. International Maritime Safety Committee
141. The Network Coordination Station for the INMARSAT-F coast stations in the Pacific ocean region is in _____ .INMARSAT-F站太平洋NCS是—日本山口
A. Yamaguchi, Japa n
B. Beijing, China
C. Nakhodka, Russia
D. Perth, Australia
142. The Inmarsat SES operator can choose the most suitable CES according to _____ .
Inmarsat船舶地球站操作者可以根据-他的业务和位置-选择最合适的海岸地球站
A. his service and position他的业务和位置
B. time and course 时间和航向
C. tide and speed 潮流和速度
D. type of his ship船舶类型
143. During a _____ period, as a newly commissioned SES, your IMN will be past to the other CESs. 在24小时内，作为一个新授权的船站，你的IMN码将传递到其他岸站。
A. 20 hour
B. 12 hour
C. 24 minute
D. 24 hour
144. After successful commissioning试运行, the _____ will permit the SES access to system.
在成功试运行后，这个---INMARSAT---许可这个船舶地球站进入这个系统
A. INMARSAT
B. IMO
C. MSC
D. CES
145. Who has permit the SES enter the system after successful commissioning ?
在成功授权后，谁有许可船舶地球站进入这个系统--INMARSAT
A. Network
B. The CES preferred by the applicant 岸站申请实施
C. INMARSAT
D. The SES itself
146. In Inmarsat-F, “Priority 3”means _____ communication .
A. routine
B. distress
C. urgency
D. safety
147. The maritime access code for the IOR is _____ in INMARSAT-A Telex Service.
A. 581
B. 582
C. 583
D. 584
148. In Inmarsat-A, “Priority 0”means _____ communication.
A. routine
B. distress
C. urgency
D. safety
149. Every ship must be fitted with SART, and two-way VHF radio telephone.
A. 1, 2
B. 2, 3
C. 2, 1
D. 3, 2
150. The maritime access code of telephone mode in INMARSAT-A terminal for the AOR(W) is _____.
A. 871
B. 872
C. 873
D. 874
151. _____ are operated as a secondary method of alerting in the GMDSS.
在GMDSS系统，---EPIRB---是作为第二种报警方法。
A. satellite EPIRBs
B. Non-satellite EPIRBs
C. SES and DSC
D. a+b
152. Which Inmarsat system applies store-and-forward messaging ?
下列哪一个Inmarsat系统采用存储转发信息
A. Inmarsat-A
B. Inmarsat-C
C. Inmarsat-B
D. Inmarsat-M
153. Distress signal are always stored in the memory so as to start _____ . 遇险信号始终是储存在存储器,以便开始--连续播发。
A. local-mode coverage本地覆盖
B. SAR operations 搜救作业
C. date process 日处理
D. continuous broadcast连续播发
154. EGC is a _____ part of INMARSAT-C. 增强寻呼是INMARSAT-C--组成的一部分
A. component
B. supportable
C. combined
D. complimentary
155. _____ will form格式，形式the basis for distress alerting and safety calling.
--DSC—将构成遇险报警和安全呼叫的基础。
A. GMDSS
B. EGC
C. MSI
D. DSC
156. Mariners can use DSC for ___. 海员可以使用--数字选择性呼叫--发出遇险警报和安全呼叫。
A. general communication
B. distress alerting and safety callin g
C. receiving MSI
D. both b and c
157. In Area A2, the DSC frequency for distress alerting is _____ .在A2海区，DSC遇险报警的频率是—2187.5KHZ
A. 2182KHz
B. 2174.5KHz
C. 2191KHz
D. 2187.5K Hz
158. If a DSC distress relay is transmitted from a coast station, it will _____.如果一个DSC遇险报警由岸台转发，它将---警告这一区域的船舶有遇险发生。
A. indicate the ship in distress that the alert has been received 指明遇险船的报警已被接收
B. alert ships in the area of a distress incident that a distress has occurred
警告这一区域的船舶有遇险发生
C. inform other coast stations of distress incident
D. repeat the distress alert in 5 minutes
159. distress and safety communications following DSC calling will be performed by radiotelephony or _____ .紧接着DSC呼叫的遇险和安全通信将通过无线电话或--窄带直接印字电报设备或二者--执行。
A. NBDP
B. EGC receiver
C. NBDP or bot h
D. EGC receiver or both
160. If the DSC controller is configured配置for MF/HF operation, the distress will be sent on _____.如果这个DSC控制器配置为中高频操作，这个遇险发出将是--多重频率呼叫。
A. double frequencies
B. single frequency
C. dedicated frequency
D. multiple frequencies
161. IMN is an _____ for an SES. IMN是一个---国际海事卫星移动码--为船舶地球站使用。
A. International Mobile Number
B. Inmarsat Maritime Number
C. INMARSAT Mobile Number
D. International Maritime Number
162. However, reception of certain types of MSI messages, such as shore to ship distress alerts and
navigational and meteorological warnings are _____ . 无论如何接受某些类型的海上安全信息，比如岸到船遇险报警，航行警告和气象警告是--强制性的和不能被禁止在受影响区域的船舶。
A. selective and can be suppressed by ships
B. mandatory强制的and cannot be suppressed by ships in the affected area强制性的和不能被禁
止在受影响区域的船舶
C. not very important so that ships don’t require them不是非常重要的,以便船舶不需要它们
D. received by all ships wherever they are所有的船都可收到无论他们在哪里
163. Ships sailing in _____ are able to receive and print out EGC message. 船舶航行在---一个固定区域或任何航行警告洋区---有能力收到和打印EGC信息
A. a fixed area or Navarea in any ocean regio n
B. a Navarea or weather forecast area
C. the designated area or given geographic
D. anywhere of the world
164. Ships sailing in _____ are able to receive and print out EGC message.
A. a fixed area or Navarea in any ocean re gion
B. a Navarea or weather forecast area
C. the designated area or given geographic
D. anywhere of the world
165. Within the area of INMARSAT coverage, _____ receives MSI via SafetyNet service .
在INMARSAT覆盖区域内--增强寻呼接收机--接收海上安全信息通过安全网
A. EGC receiver
B. NAVTEX receiver
C. VHF R/T
D. MF/HF radio telephone
166. The International SafetyNet Service is able to address the call to _____ .
这个国际安全网服务是能够发送这个呼叫到--
A. all vessels
B. selected groups of ships
C. a particular ship
D. a, b, c are all
167. COSPAS-SARSAT has the function of _____.近极轨道搜救卫星系统有--遇险报警—的功能。
A. Distress alerting
B. distress communication
C. broadcasting MSI
D. On-scene communication
168. COSPAS-SARSAT provides distress alerts and location information to appropriate rescue authorities, _____ for _____ in distress. 近极轨道搜救卫星系统提供遇险警报和位置信息到合适的搜救当局，---在世界上任何地方/ 海事、航空、陆地系统的用户。
A. over all major ocean regions / all ships 在所有主要海洋区域/所有的船
B. in the polar regions / some ships 在极地/一些船只
C. below the North pole and above the South pole / ocean-going ships
在北极以下和南极以上/远洋船只
D. anywhere in the world / maritime, aviation航空and land system user s
在世界上任何地方,海事、航空、陆地系统的用户
169. What is COSPAS-SARSAT ? 什么是近极轨道搜救卫星系统-
A.an international satellite system for improving communications in polar regions
国际卫星系统为了改善在两极地区的通信
B.an international satellite system using a number of polar-orbiting satellites
一个国际卫星系统,利用大量的极低轨道卫星
C.primary used for search and rescue主要用于搜索和营救
D. B and C
170. COSPAS-SARSAT is intended to be used for search of people in distress, _____ .
低极轨道搜索和营救卫星系统是用于寻找有遇险人员--不论他们在哪里
A. only at sea or in air只有在海上或在空气中
B. no matter where they are不论他们在哪里
C. mainly at sea or on board主要在海上或在船上
D. In Inmarsat operational regions 在海事卫星运行地区
171. The COSPAS-SARSAT system can provide distress alerts to the appropriate rescue authorities ___ .低极轨道搜救卫星系统能提供遇险报警到适当的营救当局---全世界
A. at sea
B. on land
C. in the air
D. Throughout遍及the world
172. For COSPAS-SARSAT system, _____ transmit distress alert and location information to appropriate rescue authorities all over the world. 低极轨道卫星系统，---地面接收站--接收发来的遇险报警和位置信息到适当的搜救当局,遍布世界各地
A. Polar orbiting satellites
B. Ground receiving stations
C. MCC
D. ROC
173. Equipment without the function of distress alerting is .
不具有遇险报警功能的设备是--SART
A. SART
B. EPIRB
C. DSC
D. INMARSAT SES
174. _____is a space system using one or more artificial earth satellites.
---卫星系统---是一种空间系统使用一个或更多的人造地球卫星。
A. Satellite Network
B. Satellite Link
C. GMDSS
D. Satellite System
175. In GMDSS, any kind of EPIRB can have the abilities to keep water proof耐力for _____in 10m deep.
在GMDSS系统中，任何EPIRB在10米水深能保持--5分钟--水密。
A. 2min
B. 5min
C. 10min
D. 15min
176. _____process the distress signal from EPIRB to determine its position and identity.
地面接收台—处理来自EPIRB的遇险信号并确定其位置和身份。
A. COSPAS-SARSAT
B. ground receiving stations
C. storing distress signal存储遇险信号
D. Near polar orbiting satellites靠近极轨道卫星
177. The auto-transmission of TRON-30S S-EPIRB will start _____.
这个自动发送(TRON-30S S-EPIRB)怎样才开始工作----只要他在水中一竖起就
A. when the switch is set to “ON”当开关打开
B. until it is in water of some depth直到它在水中一定的深度
C. when it is stored in an inverted position当它是储存在一个反转的位置
D. as soon as it is in water uprigh t只要他在水中一竖起就（直立）
178. International NAVTEX means the coordinated broadcast and automatic reception on 518KHz or maritime safety information by means of _____using English language. 国际NAVTEX意味着采用窄频直接印字电报的方法使用英语在518KHZ上协调广播和自动接收MSI。
A. EGC receiver
B. narrow-band direct-printing gelegrap hy
C. radio communication
D. terrestrial technique
179. Every ship, while at sea, shall maintain a continuous watch on _____if the ship is fitted with an MF radio installation. 在海上航行的每一船舶，应该在中频无线电设备--2187.5KHZ--保持连续的值守。
A. 2182KHz
B. 156.8MHz
C. 2187.5KHz
D. 2182.7KHz
180. Bridge-to-bridge communication means _____communications between ships from the position from which the ships are normally navigated.
A. distress
B. urgent
C. safety
D. general常规
181. Ships of 500 tons gross tonnage and upwards向上的constructed on or after _____shall be fitted with a radar installation. 500总吨及以上的船舶在---1984年九月1日---以后建造应该安装雷达装置。
A. 1 January 1985
B. 1 February 1984
C. 1 September 1984
D. 1 December 1985
182. When engaged on international voyages, ships of 1600 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall be fitted with a ___.当从事国际航行1600总吨及以上的船舶应该安装--无线电测向仪
A. radio direction-finding apparatus已废止
B. DSC
C. NAVTEX
D. EPIRB
183. The sitting and installation of accumulator-batteries蓄电池which provide a reserve source of energy shall be such as to ensure _____.那个提供储备能量来源（备用电源）的蓄电池的位置和安装应确保---
A. the highest degree of service最高程度的服务
B. a reasonable lifetime 合理的寿命
C. reasonable safety 合理的安全
D. a, b, c are all right
184. Why do some stations keep silence ?
为什么有些电台保持经默---他们将影响的遇险通信的传播。
A. Because they are not engaged in the distress traffic
B. They will affect the t ransmission of that distress traffi c
C. The powers of these stations are very weak
D. They are not in charge of search and rescue
185. Stations are grouped by countries arranged in the _____order of their country symbols.
电台是依据他们的国家符号的--字母顺序---的排列进行分组。
A. alphabetical按字母顺序
B. figure
C. name of stations
D. series序列
186. Having studied the INMARSAT document, GMDSS document, SOLAS Convention and other international navigation documents, we all know that the Chapter IV of SOLAS Convention is mainly about _____.在学习了国际海事卫星文件,GMDSS文件，SOLAS文件和其他国际航海文件，我们知道SOLAS公约第四章主要关于--无线电规则
A. the radio regulations
B. the technical terms and definitions
C. how to operate the GMDSS SES equipment
D. Maritime Communications
187. The list of Coast Stations is republished出版_____in a trilingual 三种文字.
海岸电台表是--每两年--用三种文字重新出版
A. every two year s
B. every three years
C. every year
D. every four years
188. Vessel in distress _____indicate their position by any method .
遇险船--有权—使用任何的方法来表示他们的位置。
A. cannot
B. are not allowed
C. have the righ t准确的
D. should get permission to
189. A rectangular长方形area is described in degrees of latitude and longitude from the latitude and longitude of the southwest corner of _____.一个矩形区域是以纬度和经度描述，即以---矩形--西南角的纬度和经度为参考点。
A. square正方形
B. triangle三角形
C. circle圆形
D. rectangle矩形
190. Radar bandwidth is normally _____to the range scale比例and the associated相关的pulse 脉冲length. 雷达带宽通常是--固定--在量程和相关的脉冲长度。
A. fixed 固定
B. matched相称的
C. fitted适应
D. equal相同的
191. Which expression词组has the different meaning from entry into force ? “entry into force”means is _____.下面哪个词组表达不同的意思,已生效?“生效”的不同意思是--C
A. coming into effect开始实施
B. moving to full effect改变后全面实施
C. being based on force存在基础力量
D. coming into force即将生效
192. The emergency communication set’s transmitter should not be tested except when _____by a public radio inspector. 这个紧急通信发射机不应该被测试, 除非当检查官--检查--时。
A. inspecting
B. inspected
C. inspects
D. having inspected
193. Before _____, a station shall take precautions防备to ensure that its emission will not interfere with transmission already in progress.在发射前（应先守听），一个电台应注意确保他的发射不要干扰正在进行的发射。
A. transmit
B. to transmitting
C. transmittin g
D. in transmitting
194. When hearing a distress call, all station shall immediately cease any transmission capable of with the distress traffic. 当听到遇险呼叫,所有站台都应立即停止任何可能干扰遇险通信的发射。
A. interfere
B. interferin g
C. being interfered
D. interference
195. _____we stand away远离from the church bell, it takes time for the sound waves to reach us.
因为我们站在远离教堂的钟声，声波到达我们需要时间。
A. If
B. Whenever
C. Because
D. Where
196. _____it is advisable可取to remain on a VHF channel 8, say: “stand by on VHF channel 8”.
当它是可取的需要保留在VHF CH8守听，可以说，在VHF CH8守候。
A. That
B. /
C. When
D. What
197. In the IMO SMCP the situations _____phrases using the work “can”appear it clear whether a possibility可能性is referred to. 在IMO业务管理控制平台里这个状况，--哪里--工作使用的短语“可以”出现的可能性是否被称为明确。
A. where
B. when
C. after
D. unless除非
198. The foreign seafarers said goodbye to us and looked forward期待to _____each other soon.
外国海员对我们说了再见，并期待尽快--见到--对方。
A. see
B. seeing
C. be seen
D. being seen
199. A sailor on board _____from appendicitis阑尾炎and required operation immediately. 一名在船上水手--正遭受（患）--阑尾炎和急需立即手术。
A. was sufferin g 遭受
B. is suffering
C. has suffered
D. has been suffering一直忍受
200. Every ship _____on or after 1 February 1995 shall comply with all the applicable符合requirements of Chapter Four. 在1995年2月1日或以后---建造---的每艘船舶应当遵守所有符合第4章的要求。
A. constructs
B. constructed
C. has constructed
D. was constructed
201. Effort made for marine safety ______ the Titanic tragedy灾难in 1912.
自1912年泰坦尼克号悲剧灾难开始，非常重视海上航行安全。
A.started / after
B. has started / sinc e
C. was beginning /when
D. begins / after
202. The first communication satellite was used for the purpose of ______ . 最初通信卫星使用的目的是—改善在陆地上通信
A. taking the place of the radio system 替代无线电系统
B. introducing介绍a new life-saving system引入了一种新的救生系统
C. saving the vessels in distress
D. improving the communication on lan d
203. The purpose of the GMDSS is to _____ safety of life and property财产at sea all over the world.
GMDSS的目的是为了--提高--在世界各地海上生命和财产安全
A. promote促进
B. improve改善
C. guarantee保证
D. both a and b
204. The world’s first communication satellite, Telstar通信卫星, was put into orbit in ______ . 世界上第一颗通信卫星Telstar是在--1962--被送入轨道
A. 1962
B. 1960
C. 1957
D. 1966
205 .______ is the united nations agency联合国机构responsible-for为…负责the Radio Regulations among other things. 国际电信联盟(ITU)----是联合国机构负责除其他事项外的无线电管理条例。（无线电法规）
A. ITU国际电信联盟
B. IMO
C. MSC
D. WMO
206. From IMO’S point of view, INMARSAT’s most important function is the provision of ___ .
从IMO的角度来看,INMARSAT最重要的功能是提供----改善的遇险和安全通信。
A. general radio communication常规无线电通信
B. MSI
C. improved distress and safety communi cation
D. bridge-to-bridge communication
207.______ communication are intership VHF radio telephone communication .
驾驶台--对—驾驶台--通信是船舶之间的甚高频无线电话
A. ship-to-shore
B. shore-to –ship
C. bridge-to-bridg e
D. a,b and c
208. The ______ is that search and rescue authorities ashore, as well as shipping in the immediate vicinity of the ship in distress, will be rapidly alerted to a distress incident so they can assist in a coordinated SAR operation with the minimun delay.
GMDSS的基本概念是岸上搜索和救援当局，以及在遇险船舶附近航行船舶，将迅速报警遇险事件，使他们能够以最小延迟帮助协调搜救行动。
A. common communication system
B. distress traffic system
C.basic concept of GMDSS GMDSS的基本概念
D.SAR operation procedure搜救工作程序
209. Actually, the date for entry into effect will be 1st February ______. Though the text does not tell us about it.
实际上，GMDSS生效的日期是1999年2月1日。尽管（虽然）本文没有告诉我们。
A. 1995
B. 1998
C. 1999
D. 2000
210. The frequency 156.525MHZ and 156.8MHZ should be used in the band of ______.
频率156.525MHZ和156.80MHZ在---VHF---频段使用。
A. MF
B. VHF
C. HF
D. LF
A. are capable of following / distance 有能力沿着/距离
B. can follow / altitude 可以沿着/高度
C. can hardly follow / shape形状
D. are unable following / angle不能沿着/角度
212. We ______ the distress signal on our own radio before the shore station relayed it to us .
我们--已经收到了--求救信号在岸台向我们转发以前
A. received alreadly
B. have received
C. had receive d
D. was receiving
213. In the GMDSS, distress alerting can be transmitted in ______ directions.
在GMDSS里，遇险警报能在3个方向发送。
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
214. When receiving a distress alert, the SAR authorities ashore and the ships in the vicinity of the ship in distress will ______ soonest. 当我们收到遇险报警时，岸上搜救当局以及在遇险船舶附近的船舶，将以最小延迟--协助（帮助）协调搜救行动。
A. reach the distress area 到达遇险区域
B. conduct a sector search组织部门搜索
C. send rescue vessels 派救助船
D. assist coordinately协调in SAR operatio n
215. What channel is general communication used ?
哪个频道用于一般的通讯--任何适当的频道除了公共通讯。
A. any appropriate channel except public communication 除---（不包括）
B. any appropriate channel other than public communication 除了，不同于，比其他
C. any appropriate channel in-addition-to public communica tion 除---（包括）
D. any appropriate channel beside public communication 在---旁边
216. A ship station on receiving a shore-to-ship distress alert should ______. 一艘船站在收到岸至船遇险警报应--建立之间通信联系和提供这类援助是必要和适当的。
A. keep silence 保持静默
B. interfere with such communication 干扰通信
通信一班序号：28 姓名：粟清明学号：14102301239 JXTA is a crystallization by Sun company's chief scientist Bill Joy's more than twenty years of brewing."JXTA technology is a platform for Network programming and calculation.To solve the modern distribution calculation especially peer-to-peer (Peer to Peer, P2P) in the calculation of the problem". [1] JXTA research project,which will provide a new framework that make the user more convenient to access to connect on the Internet's personal computer resources, thus further expand Internet 's space. At the same time JXTA is also the Sun's "ONE Internet" strategic continuance, and will take a more positive attitude to compete with the .net strategy of Microsoft and Hailstorm plan . JXTA agreement defines a set of six agreement based on XML, the organization of node into node group, release and found some resources, communication and mutual monitoring provides standardized method. (Endpoint Routing Protocol,ERP) is used for node found routing.To send a message to other nodes, and through the potential firewall and connection. (Rendezvous Protocol,RVP) s used for the nodes in the group to spread information.(Peer Resolver Protocol,PRP) is Used to one or more points to send general inquiries, and receive the response of inquiries. (Peer Discovery Protocol, PDP) is used to release and found advertising resources. (Peer Information Protocol, PIP) used to get other nodes state Information. (Peer Binding Protocol, PBP), can let a node with another node or between more nodes to set up virtual communication channel or pipeline. Compared to the nowadays general communication mode .P2P has many advantages, but it also has a lot of problems waiting to be solved.Firstly, each Peer in P2P is an active participant,in order to make the network performance increase, they need more Peer's participation, so that will result in the network's huge, manage this network will is a complex project; Secondly, P2P agreement compares with traditional
A business survives and thrives on information: information within the organization and information changed with suppliers, customers,and regulators. Moreover, the information needs to be consistent, accessible, and at the right location. We consider information in four forms-voice, data, image, and video-and the implications of distributed requirements. The term voice communications refers primarily to telephone related communications. By far the most common form of communication in any organization and for most personnel is direct telephone conversation. The telephone has been a basic tool of business for decades. Telephone communications has recently been enhanced by a variety of computer-based services, including voice mail and computerized telephone exchange systems. V oice mail provides the ability to send, forward , and reply to voice messages nonsimultaneously , and it has become a cost-efficient tool even for many midsize organizations. It provides saving on answering machines and services as well as more responsive service to customers and suppliers. Advances have also been made in computerized telephone exchange systems, including in-house digital private branch exchanges(PBX) and Centrex systems provided by the local telephone company. These new systems provide a host of features, including call forwarding, call waiting, least-cost routing of long-distance calls, and a variety of accounting and auditing features. The term data communications is sometimes used to refer to virtually any form of information transfer other than voice. It is sometimes convenient to limit this term to information in the form of text(such as reports, memos, and other documents) and numerical data(such as accounting files). The rapid changes in technology have created fresh challenges for management in making effective use of data communications. We will briefly outline the changes in technology in transmission, networks, and communications software that present the manager with new powerful business tools but also the necessity of making choices among complex alternatives. 一个企业生存和蓬勃发展的信息：在改变与供应商，客户和监管机构的组织和信息的信息。此外，对信息的需求是一致的，访问，并在合适的位置。我们认为，在四种形式的语音，数据，图像，视频和分布式需求的影响的信息。 长期的语音通信，主要是指以电话相关的通讯。迄今为止最常见的沟通形式中的任何组织和大多数工作人员是直接的电话交谈。电话已几十年来的基本的业务工具。电话通讯最近已加强各种以计算机为基础的服务，包括语音邮件和程控电话交换系统。语音信箱提供的能力，发送，转发和回复语音邮件nonsimultaneously，它已成为一个成本效益的工具，甚至许多中小型组织。提供节省答录机和服务，以及更快捷的服务客户和供应商。程控电话交换系统，包括内部数字专用分支交换机（PBX）和本地电话公司提供的Centrex系统也取得了进展。这些新系统提供主机的功能，包括呼叫转接，呼叫等待，长途电话的最低成本路由，各种会计和审计功能。 长期的数据通信有时被用来指几乎任何其他信息传输比语音形式。有时可以很方便限制这个术语在文本形式的信息（如报告，备忘录和其他文件）和数字数据（如会计档案）。已创建管理新的挑战，在有效地利用数据通信技术的迅速变化。我们将简要概述在传输技术的变化，网络和通信软件，经理提出新的强大的商业工具，但也使复杂的替代品之间的选择的必要性。
信号系统和信号处理 陈武0830010209 信号与系统的概念出现在广阔的范围内，在科学技术的不同领域，如通信、航空航天、电路设计、声学、地震学、生物医学工程、发电和输电系统，化学过程控制和语音处理中都离不开这个概念的思想与技术。它在科学技术中发挥了重要作用。在这篇文章，我们简单地介绍连续、离散的信号和系统的数学表示，和信号能量和功率的概念。 1.时间连续和时间离散信号 信号可以描述广泛的无理现象，尽管信号可以用很多方法表示，但在所有的方法中，信号中的信息都包含在一组不同形式的变量中，例如，假设图3-1是一个简单的电路，这是，时域上的电源和电容电压。Vs和Vc就是信号的例子。 在数学上，信号是一个或多个自变量的函数。例如，语音在数学上可以表示成声音压力关于时间的函数；一张图可以表示成亮度关于两个空间变量的函数。尽管在一些特殊的运用中不是描述时间的，为了方便起见，我们一般用时间作变量；例如，在地理学，是用信号描述变量为物理特征程度来研究地球结构，如米芾、多孔性、和电阻性。同样地，在气象调查中，知道空气压力、湿度和海拔风速的变量是极其重要的。图3-2描绘一个典型的年度平均纵向风剖面关于高度的函数。海拔风速这个测量变量是用来核对天气类型的，同时，风状态可能影响直升机的最终到达和降落。 在这篇稳重，我们将要考虑两种不同类型的信号：时间连续信号和时间离散信号。时间连续的信号，自变量是连续的，因此这些信号被定义成值为连续的自变量。相反地，离散时间信号被定义成离散，因此，对这些信号来说，自变量智能取一系列离散的值。关于时间和气压，光宇海拔的函数——语音信号，就是时间连续信号的例子。图3-3所描述的道琼斯的周股票市场索引就是时间离散信号的例子。 为了区别时间连续和时间离散信号，我们一般符号t来表示时间连续的自变量，用n来表示时间离散的自变量。另外，对于时间连续信号，我们用圆括号（·）来围住自变量；然而，对离散信号，我们是用方括号[·]来围住自变量。在很多场合，用图像表示变量也是很有用的。在图3-4展示了连续信号和离散信号的图像表示法。很有必要注意的是，离散信号的自变量智能定义整数值。 2.时间连续和时间离散系统 物理系统最直观的感觉就是，元器件、设备和子系统的互连。在信号处理和通信，机电马达，电动车，化学加工厂中，系统可以视为一个处理，在这里，以某种方法，信号会被系统传输或引起系统相应，从而产生其他信号作为输出。例如，一个高保真系统记录音频信号并重放这信号。如果这高保真系统有音调控制，我们可以改变所播放的声音的质量。同样地，图3-1可以视为一个带输入电压Vs（t）和输出电压Vc（t）的系统。一个图像增强系统将输入图像转化成所期望的输出图像，例如增强对比度。 一个时间连续系统是输入连续信号得到连续输出信号的系统。例如图3-5a所描绘的，在这里，x(t)是输入，y(t)是输出，h(t)是系统脉冲相应。同样地，时间离散系统是一个输入离散，得到离散输出的系统，如图3-5b所描绘的，在这里，x(n)是输入，y(n)是输出，h(n)是系统单位抽样相应。 我们可以通过抽样定理使时间连续和时间离散系统相结合。我们可以开发时间离散系统来处理已被抽样的时间连续信号。目前，很多数字信号处理方法已用在科学和技术领域。所以，我们取数字信号系统为例，它的一些系统特性将在下一部分描述。 3.一些数字信号系统的特性 一般来说，一个系统通过转化函数讲输入信号x(n)映射成Y(n)这个系统定义是
Fiber to the Home(光纤到家) 光纤到家（FTTH）是一个住宅的通信基础设施，光纤电缆运行所有的方式向用户。经过多年的期待，各种部署光纤到户是最后出现在美国各地的社区虽然光纤到户是一种技术，它为本地接入市场的竞争动态有趣的影响。光纤到户网络可以提供的带宽比目前现有的宽带技术的许多倍。今天似乎每个人都想要的高速数据，可靠的语音服务，高质量的视频。无论这些服务是由数字用户线（DSL）交付，电缆调制解调器或无线架构是微不足道的，只要服务是快速和可靠的。 FTTH使运营商能够提供多种通信和娱乐服务，包括高速互联网接入，广播，有线电视，直播卫星（DBS）电视，互动的双向视频服务。此外，一个FTTH解决方案基于波分复用（WDM），允许更多的灵活性和适应性，进一步支持服务。 进一步支持服务的适应性。在FTTH系统，在前端设备或是连接到公共交换电话网络（PSTN）唱DS-1和连接到ATM、以太网接口。视频服务从有线电视（CATV）进入系统的头端或来至卫星饲料。 所有这些信号，然后合并成采用WDM技术单光纤传输通过无源光分路器的最终用户。分路器通常放在离中心局（CO）约3000英尺。分流比的范围可以从2到32的用户并没有在网络中使用任何活性成分。然后将信号送到3个000英尺的 家在一个单一的纤维。一个理想的FTTH系统必须提供的所有服务用户的能力支付，如电路交换电话，视频服务、高速数据广播。 在家里，光信号转换成电信号的光电转换器（OEC）。OEC把信号分成由最终 用户所需的服务。理想情况下，其将有标准的用户界面，提供所需的服务不集LLD盒。这些接口包括电话RJ11插孔，RJ45接口的高速数据，和75欧姆同轴电缆端口的有线电视和卫星直播业务。 有关联的FTTH的几个优点，如下： 这是一个被动网络，因此从有限无活性成分对最终用户这大大减少网络维护的成本和需求以及消除直流电源网络的需要。 它是一个单一的光纤到终端用户，提供各种服务与行业标准的用户界面，包括语音，高速数据，模拟或数字有线电视，星展，ANL视频。 FTTH以当地备用电池和低功率消耗。 FTTH是可靠的，可扩展的，安全的。 FTTH网络是一个夹具的证据体系。 为最终用户提供这些服务的最终解决方案。双绞线,同轴电缆一种混合光纤／同轴（HFC）网络不健全或未来作为FTTH架构和持续建筑.成本光学设备，光纤到
通信工程专业英语翻译 JXTA is a crystallization by Sun company's chief scientist Bill Joy's more than twenty years of brewing."JXTA technology is a platform for Network programming and calculation.To solve the modern distribution calculation especially peer-to-peer (Peer to Peer, P2P) in the calculation of the problem".[1] JXTA research project,which will provide a new framework that make the user more convenient to access to connect on the Internet's personal computer resources, thus further expand Internet 's space. At the same time JXTA is also the Sun's "ONE Internet" strategic continuance, and will take a more positive attitude to compete with the .net strategy of Microsoft and Hailstorm plan . JXTA agreement defines a set of six agreement based on XML, the organization of node into node group, release and found some resources, communication and mutual monitoring provides standardized method.(Endpoint Routing Protocol,ERP) is used for node found routing.To send a message to other nodes, and through the potential firewall and connection.(Rendezvous Protocol,RVP) s used for the nodes in the group to spread information.(Peer Resolver Protocol,PRP) is Used to one or more points to send general inquiries, and receive the response of inquiries.
第一课现代数字设计及数字信号处理 课文 A: 数字信号处理简介 1.什么是数字信号处理？ 数字信号处理，或DSP，如其名称所示，是采用数字方式对信号进行处理。在这种情况下一个信号可以代表各种不同的东西。从历史的角度来讲，信号处理起源于电子工程，信号在这里意味着在电缆或电话线或者也有可能是在无线电波中传输的电子信号。然而，更通用地说，一个信号是一个可代表任何东西--从股票价格到来自于远程传感卫星的数据的信息流。术语“digital”来源于“digit”，意思是数字（代可以用你的手指计数），因此“digital”的字面意思是“数字的，用数字表示的”，其法语是“numerique”。一个数字信号由一串数字流组成，通常（但并非一定）是二进制形式。对数字信号的处理通过数字运算来完成。 数字信号处理是一个非常有用的技术，将会形成21世纪的新的科学技术。数字信号处理已在通信、医学图像、雷达和声纳、高保真音乐产生、石油开采等很广泛的领域内引起了革命性的变革。这些领域中的每一个都使得DSP技术得到深入发展，有该领域自己的算法、数学基础，以及特殊的技术。DSP发展的广度和深度的结合使得任何个人都不可能掌握已发展出的所有的DSP技术。DSP教育包括两个任务：学习应用数字信号处理的通用原则及学习你所感兴趣的特定领域的数字信号处理技术。 2.模拟和数字信号 在很多情况下，所感兴趣的信号的初始形式是模拟电压或电流，例如由麦克风或其它转换器产生的信号。在有些情况下，例如从一个CD播放机的可读系统中输出的信号，信号本身就是数字的。在应用DSP技术之前，一个模拟信号必须转换成数字信号。例如，一个模拟电压信号，可被一个称为模数转换器或ADC 的电路变换成数字信号。该转换器产生一系列二进制数字作为数字输出，其值代表每个采样时刻的输入模数转换设备的电压值。 3.信号处理 通常信号需要以各种方式处理。例如，来自于传感器的信号可能被一些没用的电子“噪声”污染。测心电图时放在病人胸部的电极能测量到当心脏及其它肌肉活动时微小的电压变化。信号也常会被来自于电源的电磁干扰所影响。采用滤波电路处理信号至少可以去掉不需要的信号部分。如今，对信号滤波以增加信号的质量或抽取重要信息的任务越来越多地由DSP技术完成而不是采用模拟电路完成。 4.DSP的发展和应用 数字信号处理的发展起源于60年代大型数字计算机进行数字处理的应用，如使用快速傅立叶变换（FFT）可以快速计算信号的频谱。这些技术在当时并没有被广泛应用，因为通常只有在大学或者其它的科研机构才有合适的计算机。 由于当时计算机很贵，DSP仅仅局限于少量的非常重要的应用。先驱们的探索工作主要集中在4个关键领域：雷达和声纳，用于保卫国家安全；石油开采，可以赚大量的钱；空间探索，其中的数据是不能重复产生的；及医学图像，可以救治生命。 20世纪80年代到90年代个人电脑的普及使得DSP产生了很多新的应用。与以往由军方或政府的需求驱动不同，DSP突然间由商业市场的需求驱动了。任何
Technology of Modern Communication Text A: Bluetooth Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable(轻便的) and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security、The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness(稳健), low power, and low cost 、The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other、 蓝牙无线技术就是一种小范围无线通信技术,旨在保持高安全级的基础上,在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。蓝牙技术的主要特点就是稳健,低功耗与低成本。蓝牙规范定义了一个统一的结构,适用范围广的设备连接并相互沟通。 Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity、Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc(特别) networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet、Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously、Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity、 蓝牙技术已取得全球认可,使得任何支持蓝牙的设备,几乎在世界各地,可以连接到其她支持蓝牙的邻近装置。蓝牙功能的电子设备连接并通过短距离无线通信,特别网络,被称为微微网。每个设备可以同时在一个单一的微微网最多七个其她设备进行通信。每个设备也可以同时属于几个微微网。微网就是动态与自动建立蓝牙功能的设备进入与离开无线电近炸。 A fundamental Bluetooth wireless technology strength is the ability to simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions 、This enables users to enjoy variety of innovative solutions such as a hands-free headset (耳机)for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and synchronizing PDA , laptop, and mobile phone applications to name a few、 一个基本的蓝牙无线技术的力量就是同时处理数据与语音传输的能力,这使得用户可以享受各种创新的解决方案,如免提耳机进行语音通话,打印与传真功能,并同步PDA,笔记本电脑,以及手机应用仅举几例。 Core system The Bluetooth core system, defined by Bluetooth specification, is a common service layer protocol which covers four lower layers in seven layer protocol、Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) and the overall pro are defined by Generic Access Profile (GAP) A
Multi-Code TDMA (MC-TDMA) for Multimedia Satellite Communications 用于多媒体卫星通信的MC--TDMA（多码时分多址复用） R. Di Girolamo and T. Le-Ngoc Department ofa Electricl and Computer Engineering - Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1M8 ABSTRACT 摘要 In this paper, we propose a multiple access scheme based on a hybrid combination of TDMA and CDMA,在这篇文章中，我们提出一种基于把时分多址复用和码分多址复用集合的多址接入方案。referred to as multi-code TDMA (MC-TDMA). 称作多码—时分多址复用The underlying TDMA frame structure allows for the transmission of variable bit rate (VBR) information,以TDMA技术为基础的帧结构允许传输可变比特率的信息while the CDMA provides inherent statistical multiplexing.和CDMA提供固有的统计特性多路复用技术The system is studied for a multimedia satellite environment with long-range dependent data traffic,and VBR real-time voice and video traffic研究这个系统是为了在远程环境下依赖数据传输和可变比特率的语音和视频传输的多媒体卫星通信系统 . Simulation results show that with MC-TDMA, the data packet delay and the probability of real-time packet loss can be maintained low. 仿真结果表明：采用MC-TDMA的多媒体卫星通信，数据包延时和实时数据丢失的可能性可以保持很低。The above advantages are achieved at the expense of soft blocking, which occurs when many packets are transmitted simultaneously, but on different spreading codes.上述的优点是以软阻塞为代价达到的，当很多数据包以不同的扩频码同时传输时会发生软阻塞。Similar conclusions are drawn for simulations where the channel propagation conditions, adjacent beam interference, and imperfect power control are considered.当仿真时考虑到信道传播条件，相邻的电波干扰和非理想功率控制等因素也会有相似的结论。 1 INTRODUCTION介绍 The nature of satellite channels make them ideally suited for broadcast and multipoint transmissions. 卫星信道的性质非常适合广播和多点传输The envisioned satellite systems do not only provide a backup to the terrestrial wire and wireless networks, but in many situations they are the only feasible alternative.未来卫星系统不只是给地面上有线和无线网络提供一个备份，在很多状况他们还是唯一可行的替代This is particularly true in cases where the infrastructure基础设施to support the terrestrial systems is not in place. 在支持地面的系统的基础设施不到位的情况下上面的说法就更正确了In such environments,在这种情况下 the satellite provides a means of communication which is
电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译2.1
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电路系统与设计 2.1电路和系统 1.基础概念 电荷和导电性 在Bohr的原子理论中（以Niels Bohr命名，1885-1962），电子围绕着质子和种子运动。在相反极性电子和质子的电荷之间的吸引力使得原子连在一起。具有同种电荷的粒子将会相互排斥。 电荷的测量值是库伦。一个单独的电子或质子的电荷远小于一库伦，一个电子是—1.6×1（-19）库伦，一个质子是1.6×10（-19）库伦。自然表明，只有一个质子的电荷和电子是反极性的。这里没有固有的负极电子，只是很容易被称为正极的和质子负极的。 原子不同形态的电子有不同程度的自由度。一些材料的形态，例如金属，最外层的电子受到很弱的约束使得它们能够在室温热能量的影响下载原子空间中自由运动。因为这些事实上不受约束的电子式可以在自身的原子中自由运动的，也可以漂浮在临近的原子周围的空间中，它们常被称为自由电子。 在其他一些形态的材料中如玻璃，它的原子的电子几乎不能自由移动。当外部的力量如物理摩擦时，能够强迫一些电子离开它们自身的原子，移动到其他物质的原子中，它们在材料的原子中不能很容易的移动。 这些在材料中电子的移动性的关系被认为是电子的导电性。导电性决定于材料中原子的形态（每个原子核的栀子数，决定他的化学特性。）和原子是怎样与另一个原子连接在一起的。有高度灵活电子的材料（许多自由电子）被称为导体，而有很少灵活电子的材料（几乎或是没有自由电子）的材料被称为绝缘体。 必须知道，一些物质的化学特性将在不同环境下改变。例如，玻璃在室温下是一个非常好的绝缘体，但当把它加热到相当高的温度时它就变成一个导体。气体如空气，常态下是绝缘体，但如果加热到很高的温度也会变成导体。大部分金属被加热时导电性能会下降，而被冷制的时候导电性能会更好。许多导体材料在极低温的情况下会成为完美的导体（这被称为超导）。 通常导体里的自由电子是随机运动的，没有确定的方向或速度，但是电子受力后可能沿相同的方向通过导体。这种同一形式的电子运动我们成为电流，或是电流。就像是水流过空管，电子也能在导体的原子中流动。导体可能在是以固体的形式呈现在我们眼中，但是任何组成材料的原子其绝大部分空间是空的！只有存在一个导体材料提供电子流通才能形成电流。如果这个部分被阻塞，那么“流动”就不会发生。 电子电路，电压和电流 在创建一个导电通路并允许电子自由移动下就形成电子电路。这个持续移动的自由电子通过导体的电路被称为电流，它常指的是在“流动”的方面，就像是液体流过一个空心管。 使电子在电路中流动的力量被称为电压，是衡量单位电子电荷的技术。最常见的势能形式是重力势能。由于地球与地球上的物体之间有势能，提升一个物体就给他势能。质量越大高度越高，所拥有的势能就越大：当我们说一个电路中的电压时，我们就定义电压是电路中一个电子从一个特定的点移动到另一个特定的点而形成的。如果没有涉及到这两点，那么“电压”就没有意义。 电压通常用的符号是V，量值为伏特（符号：V），是以Alessandro V olta（1745-1827）。因为电子具有负电荷，我们需要将电子从高电压向低电压移动以提高它们的势能。 任何电压源，包括电池，都具有两个电势点。我们能够通在电池的两端之间提供一个电流流经的路径。使用导线组成的一个回路，将会生成电子沿着这个回路顺时针方向流动，如图2-1. 只要电池持续供电，并且导线没有断开，电子将始终在回路中流动。如果我们将持续的连续在电路中流动的形式比作水流。 那么只要电压源以相同的方向持续“流进”，电子流就会在电路中以相同的方向持续流动。这种单向流动的电子被称为直流，或是DC。电路还包括有电流方向有回流和向前的：交流电，或叫AC。但直到现在，我们只涉及到直流电路。因为电流是由单个电子以相同的程度方式沿着导体移动，就像珠子通过导管或是水通过水管，在一个单回路中所有的电流值是一样的。如果我们观测在一个单回路的导线的横切面计算电子的流量，我们只注意在电路的任何一个部分相同面积的单位时间内流过的准确的电流量，而不考虑一个导体的长度或导体的直径。 电流的标志符号是I。电流测量的基本单位是安培，1安培电流的定义为在1/2的时间内1库伦电荷流过导体任何一点的电流值。其他单位还有毫安（mA）和微安（）。
Unit 6 Part B 1. Desktop systems allow remote users to share CAD files as well as other office documents created in spreadsheets, word processors, presentation packages, etc. 桌面系统让远程用户能够共享计算机辅助设计档案以及其他一些制作在电子表格、文字处理器、图像程序包中的办公室文件。 3. At the World’s Fair 1964, AT&T demonstrated its first videophone, a desktop (or countertop)configuration that provided low quality images using analog technology. 在1964年的世界博览会上，美国电话电报公司展示了其首款可视电话-一种桌面（或台式）机器。因为使用的是模拟技术，它提供的图像质量不高。 5. Today, systems level implementers have to live within the constraints of standards-based compression algorithms, since standards are the foundation for interoperability, which in the communications field is absolutely necessary. 如今，系统水平的操作者不得不受限于基于标准的压缩算法，因为标准时互用性的基础。而在通行领域，互用性是极其重要的。 Part A 1. The word “multimedia”is being used to describe a mixture of hardware, software and applications, with a consequent confusion in people’s mind as to what it is. “多媒体”一词被用来描述硬件、软件及应用的混合体。这让人们在头脑里产生了“多媒体到底是什么”的疑惑。 the modern presentation of multimedia we now have the technology that can begin to move towards an ability, already
通信工程专业英语翻译 1数字表示形式的信息 数字表示的主要优势在于普遍性的表示形式。由于任何形式的媒体，将它的文本、图像或声音，唯一的形式，相同的方式和相同类型的设备最终处理结果序列中的位数，所有种类的信息编码。此外，转换的数字信息是免费的错误而模拟转换介绍扭曲和噪音。 1.存储 相同的数字数据存储设备可用于所有的媒体。唯一的区别可能在于大小要求。仍图像和视频的议案要求大量比文本或图形。声音也苛刻虽然不如成像。因此，适当的数字设备可能是必需的例如光盘只读记忆(光盘)。但关键的一点是，单个类型的数字设备可能会存储所有种类的信息。 2、传输 任何能够携带bits 的数据通信系统具有传输任何多媒体数 字信息的潜力。因此，单一的通信网络，支持数字传输可以在理论上，设想。这一概念称为是旨在整合所有信息传播媒介的运输设施的综合的服务数字网络。困难可能出现的某些应用程序，特别是要求那些需要尊重高保真的数字信号的时间依赖。 甚至当潜在的整合不同类型的单个通信系统上的信息不利用此漏洞，数字与模拟传输的好处很多。第一，数字信号是传输噪声比模拟信号不太敏感。第二，再生的信号，是加强减毒的信号，该进程的更容易。第三，可以实现错误检测和更正。第四，加密的信息也是更容易。
3.处理 像所有的信息存储在计算机上，它可以将处理、分析、修改、更改或辅之以计算机程序的任何其他数据一样。这可能是潜力在哪里的最高水平。 可能会试图识别语义内容（语音、手写、表单和模式识别）。高级的内容识别的一个示例是削减议案视频自动识别和索引视频序 列的检测。 数据结构，链接使用指针之间信息的元素，可能会创建更快和灵活的检索。 通过剪切和粘贴函数来创建monomedia 强大编辑（例如声音只）或多媒体文档是可能。 可去除噪音或错误的改进信息的质量，按所示的旧的乙烯基记录数字化来创建高质量音频光盘。 信息相似但创建通过不同类型的流程─ 如议案影像合成的 电脑和摄像机拍摄到的视频五月将混在一起。 总结： 数字表示允许不同的信息类型的存储在同一台设备上。此外可通过单个数字网络传输信息。同样地，当数字化，所有形式的信息可能会都处理由计算机程序，用于编辑、质量改进或信息的意义的认识。 4.缺点是连续信息的数字表示形式 信息的数字表示形式的主要缺点在于编码失真。第一次采样然后量化和编码采样的值的过程介绍了扭曲。这样做的结果是，生成数字-模拟转换后，提交给最终用户的信号已被完全等同于原始信号的可能性微乎其微。增加的采样率和相乘的代码示例使用的位数减少失
姓名：峻霖班级：通信143班学号：2014101108 附录 一、英文原文： Detecting Anomaly Traf?c using Flow Data in the real VoIP network I. INTRODUCTION Recently, many SIP[3]/RTP[4]-based VoIP applications and services have appeared and their penetration ratio is gradually increasing due to the free or cheap call charge and the easy subscription method. Thus, some of the subscribers to the PSTN service tend to change their home telephone services to VoIP products. For example, companies in Korea such as LG Dacom, Samsung Net- works, and KT have begun to deploy SIP/RTP-based VoIP services. It is reported that more than ?ve million users have subscribed the commercial VoIP services and 50% of all the users are joined in 2009 in Korea [1]. According to IDC, it is expected that the number of VoIP users in US will increase to 27 millions in 2009 [2]. Hence, as the VoIP service becomes popular, it is not surprising that a lot of VoIP anomaly traf?c has been already known [5]. So, Most commercial service such as VoIP services should provide essential security functions regarding privacy, authentication, integrity and