2015年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题
1英汉词语互译
埃博拉
金砖国家
亚太经合组织
IPCC
新常态
abenomics.......
2英译汉
外国说中国政治体制不好，但实际证明中国政治体制很好
3英译汉
奥巴马在上海的演讲，截取了一部分
4汉译英
教师节，文化
5汉译英
和为贵，和而不同，横看成岭侧成峰
如何记忆翻译硕士英语常用词汇
39.cond=hide，表示“藏”
abscond v潜逃(abs离开+cond→藏起来离开→潜逃)
recondite a深奥的(re一再+cond+ite→[意义]一再被藏起来→深奥的)
condiment n调味品(cond+I+ment→藏起[坏味道]→调味品)
40.corn=horn表示“角”
unicorn n独角兽(uni一个+corn→一个角→独角兽)
cornet n号角(corn+et表示物)
cornucopia n丰饶角(corn+u+cop丰富+ia表示物→表示丰富的角→丰饶角;记：copious大量的)
41.cosnt=world，表示“世界，宇宙”
cosmic a宇宙的
cosmos n宇宙
cosmopolis n国际都市(cosm+o+polis城市→世界城→大都市)
microcosm n微观世界(micro微小+cosm)
macrocosm n宏观世界(macro宏大+cosm)
42.crit，cris=judge，discern，表示“判断，分辨”
critical a批评的;危险的(crit+ical)
criticism n批评
crisis n危机(cris+is→需要作出判断的时刻→危机时刻)
criterion n标准，准绳(作出判断的依据)
hypocrite n伪君子(hypo在下面+crit+e评判→在背后评判别人→伪君子)
hypocrisy n伪善(hypo+crisy)
43.culp=fault，表示“错，罪”
culpable a有罪的;应受指责的(culp+able有…的)
inculpate v归罪(in使+culp+ate→使[别人]有罪→归罪)
exculpate v无罪释放(ex出+culp+ate→从罪中出来→无罪释放)
44.cuss=shake，表示“摇动”
concussion n冲击，震荡(con全部+cuss+ion→全部摇动→震荡)
discuss n讨论(dis分散+cuss→分散敲击[问题]→讨论)
percussion n撞击，震动(per从头到尾+cuss+ion→一直摇动→震动)
repercussion n反响，影响(re一再+percussion→一再引起震动→产生的影响，后果)
45.custom=habit，表示“习惯”
customary a习惯性的
customer n顾客(custom+er人→习惯(进商店的)人→顾客)
accustorn v使习惯(ac使+cusrom→使习惯)
46.cyn=dog，表示“狗”
cynic n犬儒主义者(cyn+ic→象狗一样活着的人)
cynicism n愤世嫉俗(cynic+ism→犬儒主义的
cynosure n小雄星座，引人注目的人，(cynos[=cyn]+ure→形状像狗的小熊星座)
47.demn=harm表示“伤害”
condemn v谴责，指责(com共同+demn→共同伤害→谴责)
condemnation n谴责
indemnity n赔偿(物)(in不+demn+ity→使不受损害→赔偿)
indemnify v赔偿(in+demn+ify)
48.dens=make thick，表示“变浓厚”
dense a浓密的
density n比重;浓缩(dens+ity)
condense v浓缩(con全部+dene浓缩→全部浓缩)
densimeter n密度计(dens+I+meter测量计)
49.dexter=right，表示“右边”
dexterous a灵巧的，敏捷的(右手比左手灵巧)
dexterity n敏捷(dexter+ity)
ambidextrous a非常灵活的(amdi两个+dextrous→两只手都和右手一样灵巧)
dextral a右边的;用右手的(dextr+al)
50.di=day，表示“日，日子”
diary n日记
dial n日署
meridian n日中，正午(meri中间+di+an→在日子中间→正午) antemeridian a午前的(ante前面+meridian→正午→在正午前面→午前) postmeridian a午后的(post后面+meridian正午→午后的)
51.dole=grieve，表示“悲伤”
doleful a悲伤的(dole+ful充满…的)
condole v安慰，哀悼(con共同+dole→共同的悲伤→哀悼)
indolence n懒惰(in不+dole+ence→[失败]不知道悲伤→懒惰)
52.dom=house，表示“屋，家”
dome n圆屋顶;大厦
domestic a家里的;国内的(dom+estic表形容词→家里的)
domesticate v驯养(domestic家里的+ate→使成为家里的→驯养动物) dominate v支配，统治(domin[=dom]+ate→像家长一样→统治) indomitadle a不可征服的(in不+domitadle可征服的)
predominant a主要的，支配地位的(pre在前面+dominant支配的)
53，dorm=sleep，表示“睡眠”
dormitory n寝室，宿舍(dorm+itory表示场所)
dormitive n安眠的(dorm+itve)
dormancy n休眠;蛰伏(dorm+ancy)
54.dox=opinion，表示“观点”
orthodox n正统思想(ortho正+dox→正的观点→正统思想)
heterodox n异端思想(hetero异+dox→异端思想)
paradox n勃论，相矛盾(para半+dox→一半观点，另一半相反)
55.draw=pull，表示”拉”
drawdack n障碍，缺点(draw+duck→[把人]拉回来→缺点)
drawl v拉长语调说话
withdraw v撤回，缩回(with向后+draw→向后拉→撤回)
56.drom=run，表示“跑”
aerodrome n飞机场(aero空气，航空+drom+e→跑飞机之地)
syndrome n综合症，症状群(syn综合+drom+e→[各种病]跑到一起) dromedary n善跑的骆驼(通常指用来赛跑的骆驼)
dromometer n速度计(drom+o+meter测量计)
57.cd=eat表示“吃”
edible a可吃的，食用的(ed+ible能够…..的)
inedible a不可吃的(in不=edible)
edacious a贪吃的(ed+acious多…的)
edacity n贪吃;狼吞虎咽(ed+acity表示多的状态)
58.ego=l.表示“我，自己”
egoism n利己主义
egoist n利己主义者
egocentric a自我中心的(ego+centric中心的)
agomania n n.极端利己主义(ago+mania狂热病)
59.emper，imper=command，表示“命令，统治”
emperor n皇帝(emper+or人→命令之人→统治者)
empire n帝国(empir=emper)
imperial a帝国的(imper帝国+ial)
imperious a专横的(相皇帝一样→专横的)
imperative a命令的，强制的(imper+ative)
60.(a)esthet=feeling，表示“感觉”
aesthetic a审美的，美学的(对美有感觉)
aesthetics n美学
anesthesia n麻醉(an没有+esthes+ia病→没有感觉的病→麻醉) anesthetic n麻醉剂
61.extr(e)，exter=out表示“出去”
extra a额外的
extraneous a不相关的(extr+aneous表形容词→出去的→不相关的) extreme a极端的(extr+eme表最高级→超出主题→极端的)
extremity n非常手段(extreme+ity表名词→极端手段)
external a外部的(exiern+al)
exterior a外部的，外形的(exter+ior表形容词，如：interior内部的) 62.fabric=make，表示“制作”
fadric n织物
fadricate v捏造;制作(fabric+ate)
prefabricated a预制的(pre预先+fadricate制作+ed表过去分词)
63.fader=league，表示“联盟”
federal a联盟的，联邦的
federation n联盟，联合会(feder+ation)
confaderate a联合的(con共同+feder+ate→共同联盟的→联合的)
64.fend，fens=strke，表示“打击”
defend v保卫，防御(de去掉+fend→去掉打击→打退敌人→保卫)
defense n保卫(defend的名词)
fend v抵挡，击退
offend v冒犯，得罪(or一再+fend→一再打击[别人]→得罪)
offensive a冒犯的(or+fens+ive)
65.fess=speak，表示“说”
confess v承认，坦白(con全部+fess→全部说出→坦白)
comfession n坦白
profession n职业(pro在前面+fess+ion→在前面说话→进入[律师，教师等]职业;参考：professor)
professional a职业的
professor n教授(pro在前面+fess说+or人→在前面说话的人→教授)
66.fest=hostile，表示“仇恨”
infest v大批出没;扰乱(in进入+fest→进入仇恨→扰乱)
manifest a明白的，显然的(mani手+fest→仇恨得用手打→[恨]明显的)
67.fest=feast，表示“节目”
festival a节目，宴会(fext+ival表名词成形容词)
festive a节日的(fest+ive)
festivity n喜庆(feative+ity)
festoon n张灯结彩(fest+oon表名词，如，cartoon漫画，(dalloon气球)
68.fil，fili=thread表示“线条”
filament n细线(fila+ment)
filigree n金银细工(fili+gree[=grain颗粒]→金属的颗粒和线条串成一起→金银细工)
filibuster v n.故意阻癌(fili+buster阻挡→用线档住→阻碍)
profile n外形，轮廊(pro在前面+file→在前面的线条→轮廊)
file n行列;档案
filar a线状的
69.firm=firm，表示“坚定”
infirm a虚弱的;意志薄弱的(in不+firm)
infirmary n医务室(infrm虚弱的+ary表场所→接纳虚弱者的地方→诊所) affirm v断言;证实(ar一再+firm→一再坚定地说→证实)
affirmative a肯定的(affirm+ative)
confirm v确定，证实(con全部+firm→全部坚定→确实)
confirmed a坚定的;确认的
资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/c57597498.html,
2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。
1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population
考研英语－-２０00-阅读及翻译
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２000Passage 1 1. A histoｒyｏf ｌong and efｆｏrtless sｕｃｃess can be a ｄreaｄｆｕl ｈaｎdicap, but, if proｐｅrly haｎdleｄ,it may become a dｒiｖｉng force. When the UniteｄStａtes entereｄｊｕｓt sｕch a glowing pｅriod ａfｔer ｔhe ｅnd ｏf the Ｓeｃond Ｗorｌd Ｗａr, iｔhadａｍａrkeｔｅighｔｔiｍｅｓl ａrger than anｙｃompetｉｔｏr，ｇiving iｔs inｄusｔriｅs unpａrａlｌｅｌｅｄeco ｎoｍies ｏf scａle．Itｓｓcientiｓts were tｈe wｏrld's bｅst, itｓｗoｒｋers thｅmｏsｔskiｌled．Ａmericａand Ａｍericans ｗeｒe prospeｒoｕsｂｅyonｄｔhe dreamｓof thｅEuropｅaｎｓａnd Asｉans whoseｅconｏmieｓｔhe war ｈaｄdｅstroyed. 一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素,但若处理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。二战结束后,美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有前所未有的规模经济。美国的科学家是世上最优秀的,它的工人是最富于技术的。美国的国富民强是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法达到的。 Iｔwas inｅvｉtable thａt ｔhis ｐｒｉmaｃy shoulｄhave naｒroweｄas otheｒcoｕnｔｒieｓｇrew rｉcher. Ｊust as iｎevｉtａbｌｙ, tｈe ｒetreat from ｐrｅdomiｎancｅpｒoｖed paiｎful．By the mid-1９８0s Ameｒicans had fｏｕｎd thｅｍｓｅlves at a lｏｓs over ｔheir fａｄing ｉndustrial comｐetｉtiｖenｅｓs．Ｓomｅhuｇe Aｍerican inｄustｒiｅs, suｃh ａs conｓumer elｅctrｏｎics, ｈａｄsｈrunkｏr vaｎished ｉn tｈe facｅof fｏreigｎｃompetｉtｉｏn. Ｂy 19８７there waｓonly one Amｅrican teleｖisiｏnｍakerｌeｆt，Zenitｈ．(Now th ｅｒe is nｏｎe:Zeｎitｈwaｓbｏｕｇｈｔby South Koｒea's LG ElectｒonicｓiｎＪuｌy.) Foｒeign－maｄe carｓaｎd textiｌe s were ｓｗｅeping intｏtｈe ｄoｍestｉc market. Aｍeriｃａ＇s machｉne-tool industrｙwas on tｈe ropes. 2．Fo ｒaｗｈiｌe it looｋｅd as tｈouｇｈthe ｍａｋｉng of ｓemicoｎductorｓ,wh ｉch America haｄｉnｖｅnted ａｎd ｗhich sat at ｔhe heａrtｏf tｈｅｎeｗｃomputer aｇe, was goingｔo be the nｅｘt caｓuａlｔy. 随着其他国家日益强盛，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。到了80年代中期,面对其日益衰退的工业竞争力，美国人感到不知所措。面对国外竞争,一些大型的美国工业,如消费电子产业，已经萎缩或渐渐消失。到1９87年，美国只剩下Zeniｔh这一家电视生产商。(现在一家也没有了:Zeｎith于当年7月被韩国ＬG电器公司收购。)外国制造的汽车和纺织品正在大举进入国内市场。美国的机床工业也即将灭亡。人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 Aｌｌof tｈiｓcａused a crisis of conｆｉdenｃe．Ameｒicans stopｐed takingｐrosperｉty for gｒanｔed.Ｔhｅy began to bｅlieve thａt thｅｉr wa ｙｏf doｉｎｇbｕsiｎｅｓｓwas ｆailｉng，aｎd tｈａt ｔheir incoｍｅs would ｔherefｏre shortlｙｂｅgｉn to fall aｓｗelｌ.The ｍid-198０s bｒought ｏne
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词
历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happ y, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and wh at doesn’t. Final ly, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 翻译 大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。 Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一
1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于
17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏
常用翻译技巧总结 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 二、 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light
2014年 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account 根据某人自己所说，letalone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) ineffect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提与、参考，synthetic人造的;
2012年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见， 50) track跟踪; 2011年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列; 2010年 46)rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
2015考研英语二翻译真题解析 英语二的翻译一直应该是考生应该得分的题目，今年的题目总体来说与去年相当，甚至略微简单，文章来自心理学网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/c57597498.html,。节选标题为“The Well-Travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By”的一篇文章，经过命题人改编，共156个词，有8句话，符合英语二翻译模式与难度。所以文章长度基本保持不变，内容涉及领域为心理学，共三段，长短句相间，短句较多，涉及知识点有表语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句、时间状语从句。但是都较为简单。考生只要在考前进行过一定数量的段落练习。相信翻译是考生争取拿分的题目。 继去年一篇积极心理学的文章后，今年又出了一篇心理方面的文章，但是专业程度不强，所以对学生来说还是很容易接受的。 首先文章中阐释的一种心理现象是“well-travelled road effect”是考生们不熟悉的一个词语，但是通过全文阅读会发现，这是人们生活中一种常见的现象，所以考生可以自己进行总结，而且这个中心词中没有出现生词，所以对于考生来说还是比较简单的。 其它稍微可能有难度的词语为commute：通勤;perceive：察觉;well-travelled road effect： 熟悉路线效应;underestimate：低估;route：道路;allocate：分配，掌握了这些词汇，应该就没有大问题了。 下面来分析其中稍微有难度的句子。 Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. 【解析】首先“twist and turn”的意思是迂回曲折，具体到路上表示的就是指道路的拐弯、曲折。其次“know sth like the back of your hand”的英文释义为： to have very good and detailed knowledge of something，即对某件事情非常了解、了如指掌。 【翻译】不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。 文中包括一个以上从句的句子有The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.这是由一个表语从句和宾语从句组成的复合句，但是都可以直接按顺序翻译，所以不涉及翻译技巧。 其他句子较简单，在此不做详解，下附全文翻译： 设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路。不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。在这样的路途中，我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉，对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾。如此一来，你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少。 这就是“熟悉路线效应”：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间。 这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起。当行驶在熟悉的路上时，由于我们不用太过集中精力，时间似乎飞逝而过。 随后，我们回想行车过程时，由于我们没有过多关注，所以对行车的印象也很模糊。因