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英语六级翻译题大汇总_含答案

Exercise One

1._______________(通过体育锻炼),we can always stay healthy.

2.According to the scientific research ,_____________ (听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true?

3.______________(我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge.

4.As is known to all, ______________(假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers.

5.Faced with failure,some people canstand up to it, _____________ (从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill what they aredetermined to do.

1. By takingexercises

解析:通过锻炼,我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式,through表示途径。Bytaking exercises /Through exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”,而through后接名词哦。

2.listening to music enables us to feelrelaxed

解析:“听音乐”在句中作主语,“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用can make us feelrelaxed的结构。其实,enable就有“能够使某人……”的含义,注意enable sb. to do 的表达。

3. On no accountcan we

解析:本题是强调语气,强调“决不能”,所以联想到on no account ,by no means,at no time,in nocase等。不管用哪一个,都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的,因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。来源:考试大

4. fake and inferiorcommodities

解析:“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义:一是假货,二是次品,在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake,“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差,也可以用commodityof low quality。

5. draw useful lessons fromit来源:考试大

解析:句意为:面对失败,有的人能够顽强抵抗,从中吸取教训,努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成,谓语动词分别是stand upto“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lessonfrom。然而我们又能从全句判断,从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标,因此加上修饰语useful,使内容更明确。

Exercise Two

1.Everyone has his inherent ability ,________________ (只是很容易被习惯所掩盖).

2.The importance of traffic safety , _________________ (无论如何强调都不为过).

3.In my opinion , ______________ (打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康).

4.There is no doubt that ______________ (近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of our country.

5.According to my personal experience , ___________________ (微笑已带给我许多好处).

答案:1. which is easily concealed by habits

解析:每个人都有与生俱来的能力,只是很容易被习惯所掩盖。本题的难点在于对动词“掩盖”的选择。这里的“掩盖”是抽象含义,并不是像cover那样能找到真实的掩盖物,所以应该选择conceal,常用搭配由:conceal…from。另外,这句话是一个非限制性定语从句。句子需填补内容是对ability的补充说明,“能力”是中心词。因此,要用which引导这个非限制性定语从句。采集者退散

2. can’t be overemphasized / can’t be emphasized too much

解析:本句考查的是“再……也不为过的”的说法。英语句型是:cannot + do sth. + too much 或cannot over-do,如:He is so excellent that we cannot praise him too much.(他是这样的优秀,我们怎样称赞他都不过分。)cannot是否定,与too much 和over-V. 结构连用时强调肯定,表示“怎么……也不为过”。

3. playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health

解析:句子需填补部分的主语是“打电动玩具”,虽然“打”是动词,但根据全句结构我们需要将play处理成动名词形式充当主语。此外,考察“不仅……还”的句型。“浪费时间”除了答案表达之外也可以用waste time 。

4. near-sightedness is a serious problem

解析:There is no doubt that后接从句,从句里应有完整的主谓宾结构。如:There is no doubt that the thief jumped into the room from the balcony in the second floor.(毫无疑问,小偷是从二楼的阳台跳进来的。)“近视”还可以说成myopia 或short sight 。

5. smile has done me a lot of good

解析:本题考察“带给某人很多好处”的表达。我们知道“对某人有好处”可以说成do good to sb. 或do sb. good,依

此类推,“给我带来很多好处”就是:do a lot of good to me或do me a lot of good 。

Exercise Three

1.We wish to convey to you ________________ (我们衷心的祝贺).

2. __________________(无论从哪一方面考虑),they ought to be given another chance.

3. ________________(随着时间的流逝),.they forgot their bitter sufferings.

4.We must _______________(使自己适应)the demands of our times; otherwise we’ll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.

5.The number of the students in the city has ___________________ (增加了五倍)in comparison with 2001.

答案:1. our hearty congratulations

解析:全句意为:我们希望向你表达我们衷心的祝福。主要考查词是“衷心的”。hearty 表示发自内心的,衷心的,亲切的,热烈的意思。如:a hearty welcome(热烈的欢迎);a hearty invitation(真诚的邀请);a hearty support(全力的支持)。另外,“希望(做)某事”可以说成:wish to do sth./ wish + sth.

2. Taking everything into consideration

解析:本题考查的是反面表达法。“无论从哪一方面考虑”即:方方面面都考虑到。“考虑”的短语表达有:take sth. into consideration /take sth. into account 。因为此句主句已给出,所以take应用现在分词的形式,在句中作原因状语。本句采用反译法,使译文符合英文表达习惯。

3. With the passage of time

解析:本题是考查固定搭配,“时间流逝”应译为the passing / passage of time ,“随着”应选用介词with,请看例句:We grow older with the hours.(我们随着时光流逝而长大。)

4. adapt ourselves to

解析:本句意为:我们必须使自己适应这个时代的要求,否则就会落后于世界其他工业国家。主要考查“使……适应” 的用法:adapt to / adapt sb. to,如:adapt themselves to city life(使他们适应城市生活);You should adapt yourself to the new environment.(你应该适应新环境)。adapt 除了有“使适应”含义外,还有“改编,改写”之意。考生也常将adapt 和adopt相混淆。adopt有“采纳,接受,领养”之意。

5. increased 6 times

解析:本题考查关于倍数的说法。“增加了5倍”即增加到6倍。用times与fold表示“增加”时,要注意英语要多说一倍。如Output of coal increased four times(或fourfold).(媒产量增加了3倍)。

Exercise Five

1._______________ (他们没有去游泳),they went to play football that day.

2.There is no doubt that _____________ (需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).

3.He cannot win a good reputation,______________ (因为他多嘴多舌).

4.We have reasons to believe that, ______________ (一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).

5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society,______________ (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them to achieve purpose.

答案:

1. Instead of going swimming

解析:原文中“没有”并不一定要对应成didn’t,这里我们可以使用instead of,使译文简洁明了,合乎英语习惯。采用正译法,用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的“没有去”。从本题及Exercise Two中的第二题我们可以得出结论:汉译英时,可以灵活变换句型,充分利用英语的否定或半否定语气的词语或结构,以便使译句符合英语习惯。从另一角度看,后半句英语没有出现表示转折含义的连接词(如but),因此They didn’t go swimming也是不成立的,不符合句法规范。

2. the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices

解析:考生要注意分清result from 和result in的区别。result from指be caused by(由……产生),是指原因;result in指cause,lead to(导致……),是指结果。本题还有一个考点就是:做翻译时,应尽量照顾并行结构的前后一致,如:the increase in demand and the rise in prices。

3. because he has a loose tongue

解析:“多嘴多舌”显然有gossip的意思。因此我们在翻译时应先挖掘其深层含义,再用适当的英文表达出来。答案because he has a loose tongue看起来与原文并不对应,但却形象地讲内涵表达了出来。其他类似的翻译还有:a bitter

tongue(刻薄嘴);a long tongue(快嘴);a rough tongue(粗鲁话);a sharp tongue(言语尖刻);a silver tongue(流利的口才);a smooth tongue(油嘴滑舌)。

4. we would have a better and brighter future

解析:本题意为:我们有理由相信,一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们。句子需填入部分特别容易被译成:a better and brighter future waits for us。这是因为受到了中文母语的干扰,思维被中文的语序牵着跑。如果这样译的话就会导致前后半句的主语发生转换,前面是we,后面是the future。这种转换在英文里就会显得非常突兀,不符合英文表达习惯。因此我们可以在汉译英稍作变通,将前后主语统一为“we”。本题还有一点考生要留意的是,是否能分清wait和await 的使用区别。两者都表示“等待”,wait是不及物动词,必须后接介词for;await是及物动词,可以后接人。

5. but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly

解析:本句考生特别容易译成:the prepared and the qualified。定冠词the加上形容词可以表示某一类人。the prepared and the qualified就指代“作了准备的人”和“有资格的人”,但遗漏了原文中的“充分”和“高度”。由于原句的修饰部分内容很多,因此不适宜用“the +形容词”的结构来指代某一类人。对于这种情况我们可以采用“某一类人+后置定语”的方法。这样答案就是but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly。全句的意思是:在我们的社会里,人人都有许多机遇,但是只有那些作好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。

Exercise Six

1.In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to _______________ (像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣).

2.By practicing these, I have been able to _____________ (在智育方面我一直能不断进步).

3.According to a recent survey, four million people ______________ (死于与吸烟有关的疾病)each year.

4.______________(没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评)than Internet.

5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize ______________ (教育不能随着毕业而结束).

答案:

1. enjoy the bus ride like me

解析:“享受……的乐趣”直接用enjoy翻译即可。“乘坐公交车”在这里相当于一个名词短语,因此应翻译成bus ride 而不是take the bus。如果将句子翻译成enjoy taking the bus,意思就与enjoy the bus ride稍有区别。前者强调动态,表示某个动作的进行,后者强调静态,表示某一经常性习惯性做法。

2. make constant progress in intellectual education

解析:“不断进步”是指不断取得进步,“取得进步”用短语make progress。“不断”应选择constant。“在智育方面”作状语置于句末。

3. die of diseases linked to smoking

解析:本句意为“由最近调查显示,每年有400万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病”。“死于……”既可以用短语die of也可以用die from,但考生应注意两者用法上的区别。“与……相关”可以选用related to,associated with,linked to。

4. No invention has received more praise and abuse

解析:本题考点是关于“没有……比……更……”的表达,前后比较的是物——“其他发明”与“因特网”。它的基本结构是:no +sth. …more than…。也可以用于人的比较,如:Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.

5. that education is not complete with graduation

解析:“随着……而结束/终结”要用be complete/ end with sth.,采用的是词性转换法。将句中的动词“结束”转换成英语里的形容词complete。当然,如果大家译成动词end也是可以的,即:that education cannot end with graduation。另外,本句需填入的是一个从句,因此不能遗漏that。

Exercise Seven

1.I replied to her that _______________ (我将会接受她的邀请).

2.She was angry with her husband ,so _____________ (她不理不睬)when he spoke to her..

3.How could we get news in our own society or abroad ______________ (没有报纸的话)?

4.The latest census shows that China’s population ______________ (已超过10亿)

5.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need ____________(需要这么多)as again.

答案:

1. I would accept her invitation

解析:本题考点一是时态的一致。由于前半句时态是replied,因此“将要”应译为would。本题考点二是“接受”的英文表达。accept和receive都有表示接受的意思。receive指客观已经发生的情况。它只表明事实上收到某物而不管接受者主观上是否愿意接受。如:My father received a letter this morning. 而accept带有主动或赞许的意味,表示不但收下某

物,而且内心也同意接受。如:Please accept my little present.下面这句话可以帮助大家分清两个词的使用域:He received an invitation yesterday but he did not accept it.(他昨天收到一份邀请,但却没有接受。)

2. she ignored him

解析:由句意可知,她是对丈夫生气了,因而丈夫和她说话时她不予理睬。本题要注意ignore和neglect在含义上的差别。Ignore是故意不理睬别人,而neglect是表示疏忽(责任等),并非故意,常和to连用,如:Don’t neglect to lock the door.

3. without newspaper

解析:本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句,虚拟语气句并不一定全部要用if条件句引导。很多情况下,一些介词或介词短语,副词短语的出现要求整个句子使用虚拟语气。without就是其中之一。如:I couldn’t have passed this exam without your help.(没有你的帮助,我不可能通过这次考试。)这句话用if条件句来表达就是I couldn’t have passed this exam if I hadn’t had your help. 除了without外,英语里还有很多这样的词或短语是虚拟语气标志词。如:as if,as though,lest,for fear that,in case,even if,even though,in order that,so that,大家在复习虚拟语气语法点的时候要注意总结。

4. has exceeded one billion

解析:本句意为:据最新的人口普查,中国人口已超过10亿。本题一是要正确写出数字“10亿”,二是要正确选词“超过”,三是要注意完成时态。

5. as many

解析:本题考查倍数对等的正确说法,可以用“… as +adj. +as…”的结构。本句意为:我们已经有10台录音机了,但是我们还需要10台。

Exercise Eight

1. _______________ (我们确定搞两个开放):namely, to open up both externally and internally.

2. _____________ (不用说)that he’s been there before.

3. _____________ (真想不到)that he had done a thing like that.

4.Premier Zhou ________________(一心想着人民的利益).

5. ____________(她非常不情愿地)that she agreed to help.

答案:

1. We have decided on an open policy in two respects

解析:本题考查了语序的调整。“两个开放”在原句中充当宾语,但是英语却不能说two opens,只能理解成“在两个方面实行开放政策”。因此,“搞两个开放”应处理成“动词+宾语+状语”的结构。另外,“搞”字在英语中没有一个绝对的对等词,而且“搞”在汉语是一个动词,经常带一些宾语、状语、补语,这些成分和“搞”字一起传情达意。读者在英译的时候应注意对“搞”字的准确翻译。如:

你到底在搞什么?

What the hell are you doing?

大量的数学作业搞得我头昏脑胀。

A great number of math exercises make my head swim.

你最好耐心一些,否则会把事情搞僵了。

You’d better be patient, or you might bring things to a deadlock.

这兄弟俩看起来很像,别把他们搞错了。

The two brothers are very much alike. Don’t mistake one for another.

他思路搞通了,精神也就愉快了。

Once he straightened out his ideas,he became cheerful again.

这孩子把房间搞得一团糟。

The kid made the room a total mess.

2. It’s needless to say

解析:考生应留意否定词译法,即在have,there be及情态动词后面加no或not,在实义动词前面加上do或does not,在某些省略句中加上no。本题考查的是派生词用法。和汉语不同,英语单词词根可以加上前缀或后缀以改变单词本义,如ab-,dis-,im-,ir-,il-,mal-,non-,un-,under-,less等都是表示否定意义的词缀。

3. It was unexpected

解析:考生应注意照顾前后时态一致,考查的是“形式主语it+形容词+that-从句”的结构。如果题干改为________(真想不到)his doing a thing like that,答案就要相应改为fancy。fancy one’s doing带有更强烈的语气,惊讶程度也比

it’s unexpected高。

4. has always had the interests of the people at heart

解析:英语里“一心想着”、“总是想着”可以用短语always think about、have sth.. at heart、be preoccupied with sth. 来表达。但是它们的感情色彩是截然不同的。第一个短语是一般性用语,感情色彩为中性;第二个短语感情色彩为褒义;第三个短语往往后接不好的事情,是贬义词。如:

我总是想着一放假就早点回家。

I always think about going back home earlier once on vacation.

王子一心想着复仇。

The Prince was preoccupied with revenge.

5. It was very reluctantly

解析:本题较难。考查的并不是形式主语句,二是一个强调句型。本句可以说成:She agreed to help very reluctantly. 原句的需填补部分是对状语的强调,以突出“极不情愿”这一信息中心。强调句用途很广,我们可以根据上下文和语义意图分别强调句子的主语、间接宾语、直接宾语、状语等。

Exercise Nine

1. _______________ (随着工商业的发展),the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.

2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _____________ (扩大我们的眼界),and make one open-minded as well.

3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _______________ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染).

4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we ________________(坚持认为)that economic development is the center of all our work.

5. He was convinced on the basis of ____________(当时已出现的情况)that there would be a long and difficult struggle.

答案:

1. With industries and business developing quickly

解析:本句意为:随着工商业的发展,许多大城市的树木数量正急剧减少。“随着……”要用介词with或along with。“工商业”既包括工业也包括商业,翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成:With the quick development of industries and business.

2. broaden our horizon

解析:句中的短语widen our knowledge意思是“扩大我们的眼界”,make one open-minded是同义复指,它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达,以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧,考生在翻译时应尽量避免wordiness (用词累赘),这个技巧在写六级作文时也值得借鉴。本句还可以译成:expand our vision或extend our sight.

3. which has seriously polluted the environment

解析:“这已经对环境造成了严重的污染”中的“这”显然是指前半句提到的the smog in cities,这里需要的是一个非限制性定语从句,补充说明城市烟雾对环境的影响。本句还可以译成:which has brought serious pollution to the environment。

4. hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea

解析:本句意为:只要我们坚持以经济建设为中心,那么在21世纪上半叶实现现代化是完全可能的。本题考查固定短语“坚持认为”的说法。除了答案提供的说法外还有以下说法大家可以参考:persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea等。

5. what had appeared by then

解析:“情况”在这里没必要直译成situation或case,本句含义是指基于当时的情况使他确信,因而可以用what引导作basis后置定语。还有一点需要注意的是,“当时已出现”要求我们在翻译时准确选择时态。by then与过去完成时态想一致,也可以用at that time

Exercise Eleven

1. A dog has won a German government award ________________ (因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀).

2. The manager points out _______________ (我们的工作进展令人满意).

3. _________________ (这栋房子需要现代化):it has no bathroom or electricity.

4. ________________(飞机什么时候起飞)has not been announced.

5.His idea is ________________(应该立即执行计划).来源:https://www.doczj.com/doc/c86493880.html,

答案:

1. for helping police persuade a woman not to commit suicide

解析:本句考查的是句子逻辑关系。根据意思可知,句子前半句是果,后半句是因。“一只狗因为协助警方阻止了

一名妇女的自杀而获德国政府奖项”。英语通常把表示目的、假设、原因、让步等内容放在句子的后部,因此这句话可以由because,for来引导。“自杀”有一个固定短语commit suicide,“劝阻”要用强调结果成功的persuade。

2. that our work is progressing satisfactorily

解析:本题考查词性的转译,即:将原汉语句子中的动词“令人满意”转移成英语的副词satisfactorily。这种词性转换是翻译常用技巧,适当的转换可使译文通顺,符合英文表达习惯。另外,句子需填入部分在全句中充当宾语从句,因而不能漏译that。

3. This house needs modernizing

解析:本题同样考查汉英词性转换技巧。全句意为:这栋房子既没有浴室也没有电,(因而)需要现代化。“现代化”在汉语里是一个名词,在这个句子中实际上指的是“房子”需要配置现代化设备,它的含义不等同于modernization,“配备现代化设施”可以用modernizing来表示。英语里很多以-ing结尾的动词表示该动作的过程,通常与need连用,如:These clothes need washing. 本题是从名词到动词的转换。

4. When the plane is to take off

解析:本题考查的是以连接副词when引导的主语从句的翻译。中文意思是:飞机什么时候起飞还没有公布。这样的主语从句一般可以采用顺序法翻译。顺序法同样也适用于以that,what,whatever,who,whoever,where,how,why等引导的主语从句。如:认识他的人都信任他。(Who knows him will believe him.)本题的另一个考点是:“什么时候起飞”是一个将来时态,可以用be to来表达。

5. that the plan should be carried out immediately

解析:本题综合考查了表语从句、无主语翻译以及惯用搭配。首先,His idea is前半部分是一个完整的主谓结构,句子需填入部分在全句中充当表语;其次,“应该立即执行计划”中“计划”是被用来执行的,但是题干中并没有提到谁会来执行这个计划。因此,在主语没有出现的情况下,可以采用被动译法。“执行计划”在英语里可以用carry out the plan,perform the plan,implement the plan来表示。

Exercise Twelve

1. The professor required that ________________ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.

2. Though a skilled worker,_______________ (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.

3. It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _______________ (是由行车不慎造成的).

4. ________________(希特勒是武装到牙齿的)when he launched the Second World War,but in a few years,he was completely defeated.

5.They are having a discussion ________________(目的是寻找改善质量的途径).

答案:1. we hand in our research report(s)

解析:本句意为:教授要求我们在周三前交研究报告。由require引导的that宾语从句在表示指令性含义的时候应该用虚拟语气,即:require that sb. (should) do sth.通常should可以省略。required用过去时态是个干扰项,如果考生没有注意到虚拟语气的话可能就会把需填补部分的动词“交”错译成handed in. 类似的动词还有:advise,ask,beg,command,decide,decree,demand,desire,determine,insist,move(建议),order,prefer(宁愿),propose,recommend,request,require,suggest(建议),urge(极力主张),vote等。类似的形容词有:advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital等。句末的by Wednesday表示在某个时间之前,这虽然不是本题考点,但考生应该看到by Wednesday和on Wednesday的区别。

2. he was fired by the company

解析:本句意为:虽然是个有经验的工人,但是由于经济危机他上周被公司解雇了。很多同学在口语表达中容易说成though…but…,这是受了汉语母语负迁移的影响,在书面语中是绝对不允许的。让步状语从句though和but绝对不能同时出现在一个句子里,就像because和so一样。“解雇”在英语里有很多表达:fire,dismiss,kick out,throw out,sack等。Though a skilled worker是Though he was a skilled worker的省略表达。考生还要注意分析本题的逻辑关系:前后两个部分是转折含义,大的转折中又包括一个小的因果。

3. arose from careless driving

解析:本题考查惯用搭配。“行车不慎”可以翻译成careless driving;“由……造成”用arise from。arise主要用于指无形的、抽象的东西的出现或产生;arise from表示“由……引起”,“因……产生”,下列搭配也可用来表达这一意思:be caused by,bring on,result in,give rise to等。考生容易将rise与arise混淆:rise通常指起身或用于事物自动升起或映入眼帘,还可以指水、价格等上涨。例如:That candidate rose to his feet to deliver his speech.(那位候选人站起来发言。)

4. Hitler was armed to the teeth 来源:https://www.doczj.com/doc/c86493880.html,

解析:本句意为:在发动第二次世界大战时,希特勒是武装到牙齿的,但是没有几年他就被彻底打败了。本题需

要用直译法翻译。通过前面的讲解大家已经知道,直译法是按照原文的表层意思进行翻译,它的好处是不仅保留了原文的内容也保留了原文的形象、比喻、民族地方色彩等。“武装到牙齿”是说军队装备精良,战备充分,具有较强抵御和攻击能力。有同学可能会意译成Hitler prepared very well或Hitler had strong armed forces或Hitler prepared first-class military equipment,意译并没有错,但在内涵、力度和韵味上就远没有原文生动形象,表达起来枯燥乏味。“武装到牙齿”是一个汉语习语,英文里恰好也有一个习语be armed to the teeth,含义相同,韵味不减。

5. to find ways to improve the quality

解析:本题考查不定式作后置定语。discussion是后置定语修饰的中心词。“目的是……”可以用in order to,so as to,to来表示。不定式作后置定语从句都可以转换成:“…whose purpose is to…”的结构,如:They are having a discussion whose purpose is to find ways to improve the quality.(他们正在进行一场目的为想办法提高质量的讨论。)

名词的固定搭配

a close(narrow) shave 侥幸的脱险

a great/good deal of 大量,非常,及其

a good/good many of 相当多,很多

a multitude of 大量

attempt at 企图,努力

attitude to/towards 态度,看法

correspondence with 通信

dissatisfaction with 不满

exposure to 显露,暴露;曝光

face to face 面对面地

fair play 公平比赛,公平对待

far from 远远不,完全不

influence on 影响

interference in 干涉,介入

interference with 妨碍,打扰

little by little 逐渐地,一点点地

next door 隔壁

no doubt 无疑地,很可能

no less than 不少于,多达

objection to 反对,异议

once for all 一劳永逸地,永远地

once in a while 偶尔

once more/again 再一次

one after another 一个接一个,相继

preference for/to 偏爱,喜爱;优惠;优先

proficiency in 熟练,精通

requirement for/to 需要,需要的东西,要求

the moment(that) 一......就

trolley bus 电车

word for word 逐字地

Exercise Thirteen

1._______________ (他没有因罪行而受到严厉的惩罚)because he was young.

2. _______________(他们用几种语言来书写通知)so that the foreign tourists could understand them.

3.It would be astonishing ______________ (如果不痛切地感受到这一损失).

4.I always remember what my teacher told me:nobody ______________ (只有努力的人才能成功).

5.In making such models, wonderful skill is called for, _______________ (也需要透彻地了解植物的结构). Exercise Fourteen

1. We need not only be under various external pressures, but also _____________ (也要面对内心的困惑).

2. Would you _______________(愿意来参加我们的晚会)on Friday?

3. After the operation,_____________(他的身体很健康).我要高分

4.-Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?

-___________(当然啦).

5. ________________(我只发现了几个错误)in your composition.

答案解析:

1. to be in the face of the internal perplexities

解析:本句意为:我们不仅要承受种种外界压力,还要面对内心的困惑。这句话考查的是not only...but also的结构。该结构的前后部分应该保持一致,前半部分用的是not only to,后半部分就应该是but also to。另外,前半句用了under pressure来表达承受压力,后半句最好也用一个介词短语来表达面对困惑之意,与前文相呼应。我们知道,face既可以用作动词也可以用作名词,in the case of意为"面对,面临"。其实全句有三处相对应出现的词或表达,他们是:not only to & but also to;be under & be in the face of;external pressures & internal perplexities。英语里比较注重这种并行结构。

2. come to our evening party

解析:考查"参加"的表达。Join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会,如:join a health club;join the Communist Party,或者用join sb表示参加到某人的活动中来。事实上,常常与party搭配的动词是come或者go。如go to a wild party,或come to a Christmas Party。"参加"的另外一些用法有:参加会议(attend the meeting);参加某项活动(take part in the activity);参加考试(take/ sit /do the examination);参加礼拜(attend worship);参加社会活动(get about social activities)。

3. he is in good health/he's healthy

解析:本题看似简单,实际在考查汉英表达习惯差异问题。"他的身体很健康"是一句典型的汉语表达,然而英语里表示某人身体好的时候不用"身体"作主语,直接用"某人"作主语。如果译成his body is healthy就可谓多此一举了。"身体健康"还可以用to be in good condition。

4. Sure/ Certainly

解析:本题也是一道考查汉英表达差异的题。很多考生不假思索地译成Of course。其实,以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的考生低得多,只有在回答一些总所周知的问题或表示反语口吻时才说of course。因为of course后面隐含一句话是"当然我知道啦!难道我是一个傻瓜吗?"因此,of course带有挑衅的意味,语气很不友好。在使用方面,sure或certainly语气会婉转很多。同时of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下的说法是certainly not。

5. I found a few mistakes

解析:few和little意为"几乎没有",a few和a little意为"还有一些,有几个"。但若在a few和a little加上only,意思就变了。即only a few=few,而only a little=little。如:I can have only a little more.(我几乎不能再吃了。)She made only a few mistakes.(她几乎全对。)因此,如果译成I found only a few mistakes,意思就恰恰相反,"你的作文我几乎没发现错误"。这道题说明在汉译英时不能完全对应汉字翻译,而要考虑英语使用习惯和词语搭配。来源:考试大-英语六级考试

形容词的固定搭配(1)

be able to (do) 能(做),会(做)我要高分

be about to (do) 即将,正要

be absent from 缺勤,缺课

be abundant in 丰富的,富裕的

be accustomed to 习惯于,适应于

be acquainted with 与......相识,熟悉,了解

be active in 积极于

be addicted to 沉溺于;使吸毒成瘾

be adjacent to 与......毗连的

be advantage to 对......有利

be afraid of 恐怕,害怕,担忧

be ahead of time 提前

be alive to 注意到,对......敏感

be angry at 因某事生气

be angry with 对......发怒

be answerable for 应对......

be anxious about 担心,为......担忧

be anxious for 急切盼望,渴望

be ashamed of 为......感到害躁

be assigned to 被分配给......

be attached to 附属于

be aware of 意识到

be based on 根据,以......为基础

be beneficial to 对......有益

be blind to 不了解,对......是盲目的

be beside oneself 极度兴奋,对自己的情感失去控制

be better off 生活优越起来,境况好起来

be bored to death 烦死了

be bound for 准备到......去;开往

be bound to (do) 一定会,不得不

be careful to (do) 注意(做)

be certain to (do) 一定(做),必然(做)

be capable of 能够

be confident in 对......有信心

be characterized by 以......为特征来

形容词的固定搭配(2)

be clever at 擅长于

be combined with 与......结合

be composed of 由......组成

be concerned about 关心,挂念

be curious to (do) 很想(做)我要高分

be dependent on/upon 取决于,依赖

be determined to (do) 决心(做)

be different from 与......不同

be eager for 渴望

be eager to (do) 急于要(做)

be equal to 等于

be famous for 以......著名

be fond of 喜欢,爱好

be free from 无......的,摆脱了......的

be friendly to 对......友好

be glad to (do) 乐于(做),对......感到高兴

be good for 适于,在......期间有效

be grateful to 感谢,感激

be independent of 脱离......而独立

be indifferent to 不在乎

be indispensable for 对......必不可少的

be interested in 对......感兴趣

be involved in 卷入,陷入

be kind enough to (do) 承......好意,恳请

be lacking in 缺乏

be late for 迟到

be likely to (do) 可能要,像是要

be mad about 迷恋

be well off 生活富裕

be particular about 讲究

be pleased to (do) 乐于

be pleased with 对......感到满意

be popular with 得人心的,受......欢迎的来源:考试大-英

形容词的固定搭配(3)

be present at 出席我要高分

be pound of 以......自豪,因......感到满意

be ready for 为......准备好

be rich in 富于

be satisfied of 相信

be satisfied with 对......满意,满足于

be second to 次于

be short for 是......的缩写(简称)

be short of 短缺

be sick for 渴望

be sick in bed 病在床上

be sick of 对......感到厌倦

be sorry for 对......感到抱歉

be strict with 对......要求严格

be subjected to 遭受

be suited to适合于

be supposed to (do) 应该,非......不可

be sure of 坚信,确信

be sure to (do) 一定,必定

be surprised at 对......感到惊奇

be through with 结束

be tired from 因......而疲乏

be tired of 厌烦,对......厌倦

be tired out 疲倦,急了

be true of 适用于

be unconscious of 不知道......

be unequal to 无法胜任......的

be unfit for 不适合,不胜任

be useful to 对......有用

be well up in 精通,熟悉

be wild with joy 欣喜

be willing to (do) 乐意......

be worried about 为......担心

be worth (doing) 值得(做)

be wrong with 有点毛病,有些不舒服

Exercise Seventeen

1. _________________ (如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话),there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men..

2. When it is short of water,a plant _______________(一般用蒸发作为降温的手段).

3. He has never mixed with them or _____________(同他们坦城交流),but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.

4.Your Math instructor would have been happy ________________(给你一次补考机会的)had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

5. ________________(随着孩子们在经济上独立出来)of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.

答案解析:

1. If machines really thought as men do

解析:本题意为:如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话,那么就没有理由害怕它们,如同没有理由害怕人类一样。考查的是虚拟语气的用法。如果所述与现在事实相反,那么虚拟条件句的从句谓语部分用过去时态,主句谓语部分用

would/could/might/should+动词原型。如果所述与过去事实相反,则从句谓语用过去完成时态,主句谓语用would/could/might/should+动词现在完成时态。如果所述与将来事实相反,则从句谓语用should/were to+动词原型,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原型。本题属第一种。

2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling

解析:本题主要考查考生的词汇量。"蒸发"和"降温"可以分别用evaporation,cooling。cool本来是形容词"凉爽的,酷的,好的",作为动词可以表示降温。本句可译为:在缺乏水分时,植物一般用蒸发作为降温的手段。

3. spoken to them on equal terms

解析:本题在理解上有一定难度,首先要看懂全句意思:他从来没有同它们亲密来往,或是同它们坦诚交流,但由于他的地位和高人一筹的聪明才智,他要求、也通常赢得了他们的尊敬。"同他们坦诚交流"的"坦诚"英语里没有一个对应词,只有用短语来表示。on equal terms是一个习惯用语,表示"平等相处"。另外,句子需填入部分还要注意前后时态一致。前半句用的是He has never...而...or...暗示前后是并列结构,所以"交流"也应用完成时态。

4. to give you a make-up examination

解析:要看出本题是一个虚拟语气句,had you gone and explained...是由于省略了标记词if而部分倒装。"补考"在英文里有固定搭配make-up examination。make up表示弥补、整理、和解、不足等。make-up暗含"补救"的意思。而这句话没有必要译成to give you a chance of make-up examination,因为这样在语义上就犯了重复的错误。这句话完整的意思是:如果你去向他解释你父母那时生病了,你的数学老师会乐于给你一次补考机会的。

5. As the children become financially independent

解析:本题考查的是"随着......"状语从句,英语可以用as引导。另一个考点是汉语动词词性向英语形容词词性的转换。全句意为:随着孩子们在经济上从家庭中独立出来,家庭经济保障的重心将从保护转移到为退休后的生活储蓄。

动词的固定搭配(1)

abide by 履行,遵守

abstain from 戒除,弃权,避开

account for 说明......的原因,是......的原因

accuse...of... 控告;谴责

adapt for 调整

adapt to 适应

admit to 让......享有

add up to 合计达,总括起来,意味着

adhere to 粘附,胶着,坚持

agree about 对......有相同看法

agree on/upon 取得一致意见

agree with 与......相一致,适合

aim at 目的在于,旨在;瞄准,企图

allow for 考虑到,估计,为......留出余地

apply one’s mind to 专心于

apply to 向......申请或要求

appeal to 诉诸,诉请裁决(或证实等)

approach to 接近;约等于

apologize to /for 道歉,认错

argue about 争论

arrive at 达成

ask after 探问,问起

assure sb. for sth. 委托某人某事

attach to 附属于,隶属于;使一连,使喜爱

avoid doing sth. 避免干某事

back down 放弃,让步,推却

back out of 收回(诺言等)

be begin with 首先,第一

bear down 压倒,击败,克服

bear down on 冲向;对......施加压力

bear/keep in mind 记住

bear off 赢得;使离开;驶离

bear up 支持,拥护,打起精神

blow over 使淡忘

blow up 发脾气;放大(照片)等

break away (from) 突然离开,强行逃脱

break down 损坏;垮掉,崩溃

break in 非法闯入,强行进入

break into tears (cheers) 突然哭(欢呼)起来

break off 中断,突然停止

break out 逃脱,逃走;突然出现,爆发

break through 突破,冲破;取得突破性成绩

break up 终止,结束;打碎,粉碎;散开,驱散

Exercise nighteen

1. This is yet _________________ (两国人民的又一个共同点).

2. His scientific works _______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).

3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces,_____________(改革也是解放生产力).

4.He is optimistic ________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况).

5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and ________________(服务于经济发展的进程).

答案解析:

1. another common point between the people of our two countries

解析:本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词,但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果,所以增补between之后,符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一,再如:她以教书为业。(She is a teacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I've had second thought on that matter.)

2. were widely read in English-speaking countries

解析:若是按照字面翻译,这句话很可能被译为were widely read in English countries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译:我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV. 这句译文错误在于,没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思:一是指具体的实物,即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像,即彩色电视color TV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器,具体的实物。

3.and so does reform

解析:本题意为:革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。考点有二:第一,考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词,"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语"对生产力的解放"。第二,考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces,这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复,可以选用and so does...来代替这个动宾结构。

4. about the present development of information industry

解析:"对......表示乐观"可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about the status of the present development of information industry。"状况"是一个范畴词,没有实际含义,可省略不译。

5. serve the economic development

解析:"服务于......"即"为......服务",所以要用serve sb./ sth.的结构,不能译成be served to。"进程"也是一个范畴词,可以省略不译。另外,be subordinated to是一个固定结构,含义是"从属于......,隶属于......"。

动词的固定搭配(2)

bring about 导致,引起

bring down 使落下,打倒;降低,减少

bring forth 产生,提出

bring forward 提出,提议;提前

bring/put into operation 实施,实行,生效

bring out 使显出;激起,引起;出版,推出

bring to 使恢复知觉

bring to mind 使人想起

bring up 教养,养育;提出

build up 逐渐积聚,集结;逐步建立;增进,增强

burn out 烧光,烧毁......的内部;熄灭

burn up 烧掉,烧毁;烧起来;旺起来;(使)发怒

call at 访问

call for 叫(某人)来;要求,需要

call off 取消

call on/upon 访问,拜访,号召,要求

call up 召集,使人想起,打电话(给)

catch one’s breath 屏息;喘气,气喘,歇口气

catch sb.’s eye 被某人看到,引起某人注意

catch up with 赶上,对......产生恶果

care for 照顾,照料,喜欢

carry about 随身携带

carry/bring/put into effect 使生效,实行,实现

carry off 夺走,拿走

carry on 继续,进行

carry out 实行,执行;实现,完成

catch at 试图抓住,拼命抓

catch (on) fire 着火,开始燃烧

catch on 理解,懂得,流行起来

catch sight of 发现,突然看见

check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到

check out 结帐后离开,办妥手续离去

check up (on) 检查,核实

cheer up 使高兴起来,使振作起来

clear away 把......清除掉,收拾

clear up 清理,澄清,解决,(天)放晴

cling to 粘住;依附;坚持

collide with 抵触,冲突;碰撞,互撞

come after 跟随

come/go into effect 生效,实施

come off 脱落,分开;结果,表现

come out 发表,出版,出现,现楼,结果是

come round/around 顺便来访;苏醒,复原

come through 经历......仍活着,安然度过

come to 苏醒,涉及,谈到;总数为,结果是

come to a conclusion 得出结论

come true (预言、期望等)实现,成为事实

come up 走上前来,发生,出现

come up to 达到(标准),比得上

come up with 提出,提供,想出

Exercise Twenty

1. In the old society,five hundred million careworn people _________________ (生活在水深火热之中).

2. We think it most important that _______________(理论与实际相结合).我要高分

3. _____________(不论晴雨),we’ll have to go tomorrow.

4.This is ________________(正是要找的人)we are looking for.

5. Their income is ________________(一般家庭的3~5倍).

6. _________________(我没有买到一张好票)for yesterday’s movie.

7. It’s confirmed that _______________(铁路将延伸到我们村子).

8. The new manager of our company _____________(有很强的事业心).

9. When I walked past his house,________________(我听见他在弹钢琴).

10. ________________(学生们应该从这里得出一条经验):Don’t be misled by false appearances.

答案解析:

1. were plunged into a dire suffering

解析:本题考查考生基本词汇量和短语的掌握情况。"水深火热"在英文中没有一个对等词,所以要采用意译法。可以接受的译法有:a dire suffering,an abyss of suffering,extreme misery。Be plunged into表示"使......陷入,使......遭受",如:plunge a country into war(使一个国家陷入战争);plunge sb. into deep sorrow(使某人陷入深深的悲痛之中)。另外,前半句中careworn意为"受折磨的,饱经忧患的"。

2. theory be combined with practice

解析:be combined with...是固定搭配,意为"与......相结合"。Be connected with是指"将......连起来",在含义上有所差别。其次,句首用了We think it most important that句型,暗示从句要用虚拟语气,should可以省略。

3. Rain or shine

解析:本题考查固定用法"不论......",英语用...or...来表达。如:Winter or summer,that lady always wears a long black gown.(不论夏冬,那个老妇人总是穿一身黑色长袍。)类似的表达还有:better or worse,good or evil,sink or swim,men or women,old or young。

4. no other than the man

解析:本题考查采用反译法翻译,以加强语气,取得较好的修辞效果。No other than强调了那个人就是我们要找的。这句话也可以译成This is just the man we are looking for,但强调的语气就显得要弱一些。此外,no other than要和other than区别开来。如:There’s nobody here other than me.(这里除了我没别人。)

5. three to five times that of ordinary households

解析:本题考查数的表达。考生要学会用"倍数+the size (length,volume) of...","...倍数+that of (what it was)..."的句型进行倍数的表达。Household是个集合词,表示家庭,如:average household(中等家庭);multiperson household (多人口家庭);peasant household(农户)。"家务"叫做household affairs。

6. I didn’t buy a good seat

解析:题中"好票"是一个干扰项,是典型的汉语表达。"没有买到一张好票"实际上是说"没有买到好座位",因此不能译成I didn’t buy a good ticket。

7. the railway will be extended to our village

解析:本题考查英语被动语态的翻译。虽然原中文句给出了主动语态,但在这里主动语态表示被动含义。因为铁路不可能自己延伸,延伸铁路的必定是人。再如:这个问题已经解决了。(The problem has been solved.)

8. is a man of great enterprise

解析:本题也有很强的干扰性。考生易译成has a strong heart of career,这种翻译看起来与中文对应,实际上不能被接受,而且完全背离了原文的意思。"很强的事业心"有自己固定说法:sb. of great enterprise,也可以说成:be self-motivated and result-oriented。

9. I heard him playing the piano

解析:本题是对基本知识点的考查。我们知道,感官的动词hear,see,watch等有两种接续形式:一个是后接现在分词,一个是后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。接现在分词表示动作正在进行中;接不带to的不定式表示动作已经完成。根据题意,应该选择第一种翻译。

10. Students should draw a lesson here

解析:本题意为:学生们应该从这里得出一条经验:不要被假象所迷惑。看到"经验"一词,大多考生会反应出experience,但根据全句意思可知,"经验"两字在这里并不是指取得成功之后所积累的经验,而是指从错误和失败中得出的教训。Lesson表示教训、惩戒、训诫等,在译文中能准确传递原文的内涵。

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Exercise Twenty-One

1. We had better _________________(天天锻炼身体).

2. _______________(为了不影响他们),we left quietly.

3. _____________(我答复她)that I would accept her invitation.

4. According to the newly-announced policy,we should ________________(努力搞活国有大中型企业).

5. It has become an utmost urgency that ________________(必须清除政府中的贪污腐化现象).

答案解析:

1. take exercise everyday

解析:考生如果按照字面将此句翻译成train our body everyday,那么就完全不符合英文表达习惯。虽然train有锻炼、训练、培养之意,但一般用于train horses,train the football team,train athletes等,不能说train one’s body,"锻炼身体"的习惯译法是:do/take exercise。

2. Not to disturb them

解析:本题主要从两个方面考察同学们对基础知识的掌握。一是"影响"的正确选词;二是不定式作目的状语的否定用法。"影响"在这里不能选用influence,因为influence表示一种影响人和事或导致事件发生的力量,具有感化力。而本句从意思来看应该是为了不打扰别人,所以应该选用disturb。虽然汉语表述上都是"影响",但译成英文时要联系上下语境来分析。不定式作目的状语时,否定用法只需要在不定式前加否定词not即可。

3. I replied to her

解析:本题主要考查词义辨析。"答复"在英文里可以选用reply和respond,reply是比较正式的书面用于,有时也可以用于口头或行动上的应答,表示正式而且经过考虑过后的回答,指答复对方论点或问题等,侧重于答复的内容。Respond是比较正式的用语,往往对表示号召、职责、请求等作出相应的答复或反映。如:他没有对我的问题作出任何反应。(He didn’t respond to my question.)

4. invigorate the large ?鬕 鶶?穽 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c86493880.html,/group.htm?版权所有沪江网 穽?鶶 鬕?and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

解析:很多考生会把"努力搞活"翻译成endeavor to invigorate,try our best to invigorate。其实,"搞活"企业就必须付出"努力","努力"和"搞活"之间存在意义重叠。Invigorate已经包括"努力使活跃"的含义,因此没必要将两个中文单词都翻译出来。另外,大家要记住"国有企业","外资企业"(overseas-funded enterprises),"合资企业"(joint venture)的英文译文。

5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption

解析:本题既考查了无主句的转换,又考查了抽象词的省译,还考查了固定短语搭配。句子需填入部分没有给出主语,"贪污腐化现象"不可能自己清除自己,因此最佳方案是译成被动句式;"贪污腐化"本身就是一种现象,英文不能重复译成the phenomena of graft and corruption;"清除"的常用搭配有:be eliminated from,be cleared away from,be cleaned of,be cleaned out,be weeded out

Exercise Twenty-Two

1. _________________(我没有买到一张好票)for yesterday’s movie.

2. It’s confirmed that _______________(铁路将延伸到我们村子).

3. The new manager of our company _____________(有很强的事业心).

4. When I walked past his house,________________(我听见他在弹钢琴).

5. ________________(学生们应该从这里得出一条经验):Don’t be misled by false appearances.

答案解析:

1. I didn’t buy a good seat

解析:题中“好票”是一个干扰项,是典型的汉语表达。“没有买到一张好票”实际上是说“没有买到好座位”,因此不能译成I didn’t buy a good ticket。

2. the railway will be extended to our village

解析:本题考查英语被动语态的翻译。虽然原中文句给出了主动语态,但在这里主动语态表示被动含义。因为铁路不可能自己延伸,延伸铁路的必定是人。再如:这个问题已经解决了。(The problem has been solved.)

3. is a man of great enterprise

解析:本题也有很强的干扰性。考生易译成has a strong heart of career,这种翻译看起来与中文对应,实际上不能被接受,而且完全背离了原文的意思。“很强的事业心”有自己固定说法:sb. of great enterprise,也可以说成:be self-motivated and result-oriented。

4. I heard him playing the piano

解析:本题是对基本知识点的考查。我们知道,感官的动词hear,see,watch等有两种接续形式:一个是后接现在分词,一个是后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。接现在分词表示动作正在进行中;接不带to的不定式表示动作已经完成。根据题意,应该选择第一种翻译。

5. Students should draw a lesson here

解析:本题意为:学生们应该从这里得出一条经验:不要被假象所迷惑。看到“经验”一词,大多考生会反应出experience,但根据全句意思可知,“经验”两字在这里并不是指取得成功之后所积累的经验,而是指从错误和失败中得出的教训。Lesson表示教训、惩戒、训诫等,在译文中能准确传递原文的内涵。

应试亮剑09年英语六级翻译指导及练习(23)

CET翻译共有5句话。分值占卷面总分5%。我们的目标是全拿!文章中会给大家介绍一些翻译策略和应试技巧,相信对大家做题有所帮助。

Exercise Twenty-Three

1. _______________(青少年犯罪的主要原因是由于)that social environment is becoming worse.

2. The workmen think _______________(遵守安全规则很重要).

3. The new government was accused _____________(未实现其降低失业率的承诺).

4. Only with combined efforts,________________(我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌).

5. Several thousands of quake-smitten inhabitants ________________(得到了政府充分的救济).

1. The main reason why juveniles commit crimes is

解析:要正确翻译此句需要了解两点。第一,运用"......的原因是由于"的英语句型The reason why...is that...。在汉语句型里往往可以重复使用"因为"这个词,而英语只能用一次。第二,"青少年犯罪"叫做juveniles commit crimes,不能用young children,如:juvenile books(青少年读物);juvenile fashions(青少年的时装)。

2. it crucial to abide by the safety regulations

解析:本题考查了think it important/necessary/crucial/enjoyable...to do sth. 的表达。"安全规则"可以译成safety regulations/rules,"遵守"可以用以下词汇或词语:abide by,observe,stand to。

3. of unfulfilling his promise to lower the unemployment rate

解析:本题意为:新政府因未实现其降低失业率的承诺而被控诉。由于题干已经给出...was accused,那么译文必须采用be accused of doing的结构。"未实现"不能用unrealize,unrealize是指"使不真实,使不实在",用unfulfil更准确。To lower the unemployment rate作后置定语修饰promise。

4. can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course

解析:本句意为:唯有通力合作,我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。由于句子是由only with开头,后半句必须采用倒装形式。另外,"期望......"通常用"expect+that+从句"或"expect+to+V."结构。"呈现出新面貌"的惯用表达是:to take a new face/to take a new look."不久"的说法较多:in the coming future;before long;by and by;soon;in due course。

5. got plentiful relief from the government

解析:首先肯定的是,本句时态要用一般过去时,因为从中文谓语部分可知这是对过去事实的描述。"充分的"在这里是表示"数量大的,供应丰富的",所以不能选用表示程度的adequate;而abundant通常用在be abundant in短语中使用,如:be abundant in petroleum deposits(石油储量丰富);这里可以选用plentiful,sufficient."救济"是指public assistance,表示来自公共的物质援助。固定短语people on relief就是专门指接受救济的人。来

Exercise Twenty-Four

1. It was essential that _______________(我们在月底前签订合同).

2. _______________(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic,which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

3. We must _____________(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).

4. We ________________(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.

5. To most of the travelers,________________(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements.

答案解析:

1. We sign the contract by the end of the month

解析:当表示愿望,要求,命令等含义的形容词如advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital出现在形式主语句中时,从句要用虚拟语气。"签订合同"英语固定说法是sign the contract。

"在月底前"要用by the end of,而不是at the end of。

2. Whether a large family is good or not

解析:如果按照中文顺序逐一翻译就会得出译文Whether a large family is good thing or a small family is a good thing,这并没有语法错误,但不符合英语表达习惯。"家庭人口多好还是少好"可以理解为:家庭人口多是好事?还是坏事?所以这里我们可以采用反译法,将"还是人口少好"转移为汉语意思为"(人口多是好)还是不好"的英文表达--or not,使译文简洁明了,避免罗嗦。

3. help them in every way possible

解析:本题最有可能出现的译文是:use very possible way to help them。这样译文不能说错,但不是最间接、最好的翻译。英语里,通常把方式状语放在谓语部分之后,所以可得出译文:help them in every possible way。原句"可能"出现在被修饰语"办法"之前。根据英文习惯,"可能"的对应词possible应该放在所修饰的中心词way之后,所以有了最终译文:help them in every way possible。

4. ate to our hearts' content

解析:本题让考生们困扰的是如何翻译"一顿"这个量词。其实,"一顿"是汉语特有的量词表达,是对"吃"这个动作的补充说明。"在那家新餐馆吃"就暗含了"吃了一顿"的含义。英语里没有"一顿"的对应词。一般来说,可以不译,不影响全句意思的表达。"尽情地"是个固定搭配,可译成:to one's heart's content或to the top of one's bent。

5. food,clothing,shelter,and transportation

解析:本题要求考生熟悉汉英习语在转移时的异同。有些汉语习语在转移成英语时不需要变换位置。如:日日夜夜(day and night);但也有一些需要改变前后顺序,如:新旧(old and new);水火(fire and water);田径(track and field);钢铁(iron and steel);贫富(rich and poor);血肉(flesh and blood)。请注意本题中哪些词语的英译改变了顺序。

Exercise Twenty-Five

1. It's believed that mixed-ability teaching can _______________(促使他们知识的积累和经历的丰富).

2. We _______________(使我们的行为符合别人的)based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.

3. The class are very active. They ________________(争先恐后地回答问题).

4. Oxygen is ________________(一种能和许多物质化合的气体).

5. Mr. Smith is ________________(这次事故的目击者之一).

答案解析:

1. enrich their knowledge and experience

解析:本题考查合译法,"积累"与"丰富"可以共用一个英语动词enrich,而enrich的前缀en-有"使......(怎么样)"的含义,如:encircle(圈住);endanger(使危险);enfranchise(使自治)。因此,"促使"可以省略不译。本句如果译成can cause the accumulation of their knowledge and the abundance of their experience也没有错,但行文复杂。六级汉译英虽然没有具体的字数要求,考生也应该在准确翻译的前提下尽量使语言精炼。

2. fit our actions to those of other people

解析:本题意为:我们是基于一贯的评价和理解来使我们的行为符合别人的。"使......符合"可以直接用动词fit,而本句最容易出错的地方在于如何理解"别人的",实际上,"别人的"是"别人的行为"省略。但是在翻译成英语时必须补齐"行为"才能避免意思含混。因此,不能译成fit our actions to other people。

3. vie with each other in answering questions

解析:本题考查固定短语"争先恐后"可以译成strive to be the first或vie with each other,vie是不及物动词,一般与with连用,表示"与某人竞争做某事"。另外,本题The class are very active的集合名词class指代班级成员因而谓语用复数。如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数,如:This class is very large. It consists of 90 students.

4. a gas which unites with many substances

解析:本题主要考查"物质"的词义辨析。matter和substance侧重抽象的物质或某一事件;substance指某种质地、形体、特征或重要性的东西,侧重某个实体,如:a mineral substance(矿物);Salt is a substance we use in cooking.(盐是我们做菜时用的东西。)

5. one of those who have witnessed the accident

解析:本题考查句型be one of... 与be the only one of...的辨析。但one前面有the only修饰时,从句中的谓语动词用单数,如:She is the only one of the girls who shows special aptitude in singing and dancing.(她是这些女孩子中唯一在

歌舞方面有特长的人。)

Exercise Twenty-Six

1. Man,no less than the lower forms of life,_______________(是演化过程的产物).

2. _______________(不止一个人觉察到)her agitation.

3. ________________(液体密度越大),the easier it is to float on it.

4. _______________(只有工人的要求得到满足)will they return to work.

5. Had ________________(要不是有水库)we'd never have been able to beat the drought.

答案解析:

1. is a product of the evolutionary process我要高分

解析:单数名词+with,together with,along with,as well as,accompanied by,no less than,rather than,in addition to,instead of,including,besides等+名词结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Man在这里是个单数概念,指全人类,因此句子谓语部分要用单数is。再如:A technician,along with some young workers,is working on the design.(技术员正在和一些青年工人一道搞设计。)本题全句意为:人类,同生命的低级形式一样,是演化过程的产物。

2. More than one person has noticed

解析:many a或more than one所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数。所以句子需填入部分谓语译成has,又由于"觉察到"暗示了动作已经发生,因此用完成时态。但是,考生要注意的是:如果more than one后面又出现了thousand,hundred等,动词就要用复数,如:More than one thousand graduates have responded to the Party's call and gone to work in the border regions.(一千多名毕业生响应党的号召,到边疆工作去了。)

3. The denser a liquid is

解析:本题考查的是"the+adj.比较级,the+adj.比较级"的结构,表示"越......越......"。The denser在句中充当表语。当表语前置,主语和系动词用正常语序即可。当前置的表语为形容词词组、介词短语等,主语和系动词就要倒装。如:To north of the town was little village,where I spent my childhood in happiness.(在这个小城镇的北边有一个小村庄,我在那儿幸福地度过了我的童年。)

4. Only when the workers' demands are satisfied

解析:本题考查only修饰的状语放在句首,主谓要倒装。Will they return to work已经给出暗示。此外,only+副词,only+介词短语置于句首,主谓也要倒装。如:Only with the aid of telescope can he observe the celestial bodies.(只有借助望远镜,他才能观测到天体。)值得注意的是:如果句首only修饰的是主语,则不需要倒装。如:Only Tom has been to the small island once before.(只有汤姆以前去过那个小岛一次。)

5. it not been for the reservoir解析:由于句首已经给出Had,那么这里就是考查虚拟语气省略if引起的主谓倒装。由主句时态可知,从句情况与过去事实相反,因此用过去完成时态。另外,如果句首倒装的条件句含有否定词not,且had提前,一般不可使用省略式n't,而应将not置于条件句之后。本题意为:若不是有水库,我们绝不能战胜干旱。来源:考试

Exercise Twenty-eight

1. He works _______________(在倒数第二个办公室).

2. The beauty of the lake is _______________(难以用语言形容).

3. ________________(一个人如果关在家里),a person can't know much about the world.

4. _______________(完成作业后),they went to the library.

5. I found him ________________(被打得青一块紫一块).

答案解析:

1. in the last office but one

解析:but经常与表示最高级的形容词或first,next,last等同连用,如:Some people say this nation is the cleverest but one in the whole world.(有人说,这个民族在全世界范围内聪明才智排第二。)She was the last but one to come.(她是倒数第二个来的。)

2. beyond description

解析:比起译文not easy to describe in words,cannot be described by words,答案的译文显然要精妙得多。beyond 用作介词时可以表示exceeding,out the reach of,即:超出(理解、范围、眼界)之上。如:This passage is beyond my comprehension.(这篇文章超出了我的理解力。)I won’t buy your radio set beyond my offer.(只要超出我出的价钱,我就不买你这台收音机。)

3. Kept within houses

解析:过去分词短语作状语表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。Kept within houses要比If a person was kept within houses更简洁明了,且可以避免前后句person的重复。请看下例:Given more time, I can also do it.(如果给我足够时间,我也可以做此事。)过去分词短语还可以作原因状语、时间状语、伴随状语等。考生应注意复习。如:Influenced by his ideas, she joined the revolution too.(作原因状语)

Heated,ice changes into water.(作条件状语)

He went there with great hope,but returned greatly disappointed.(表伴随状况)

4. Having finished their homework

解析:我们知道,现在分词在句中可以表示原因、时间、条件、结果等。本题考查了现在分词短语作时间状语的用法。由后半句可知,“完成作业”发生在“他们去图书馆”之前,因此,现在分词短语需要用完成时态。如果分词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,就用一般式,如:Seeing the picture,he couldn’t help thinking of her. (一看到照片,他就禁不住想起她。)

5. beaten black and blue

解析:本题考点有二:一是如何表达习语“青一块紫一块”;二是过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。过去分词作宾语补足语改为被动语态时,可以省略to be,尤其是在like,want,order,wish后,如:I wish him driven away. =I wish him to be driven away。换成被动语态后就是:He is wished (to be ) driven away.

Exercise Twenty-nine

1. The murderer deserves _______________(被绞死).

2. _______________(他们来帮忙)encouraged me.

3. I was sorry ________________(没看上这部电影).

4. In this night,if we can make good use of time,_______________(当然毫无疑问地我们会成功).

5. The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand,the public also should ________________(培养减少污染的好习惯).

答案解析:

1. hanging/ to be hanged

解析:本题既可以用V-ing也可以用动词不定式。除deserve外,need,require,want后也可以跟主动语态的动名词,但含义却是被动的。如:Your windows need cleaning.(你的窗户需要擦。)His story requires investigating.(他说的话需要调查核实。)Your shoes want polishing.(你的鞋需要擦。)与这类用法很类似的是形容词worth后接动名词,其含义也属于被动。如:Your method is worth trying.(你的办法值得一试。)The novel is worth reading.(这本小说值得一读。)

2. Their coming to help

解析:原中文句是一个完整的"主、谓、宾"结构,但这种汉语语法结构按照字面直接译成英语They came to help 的话,就不符合英语语法规范,因为后半句已经出现了谓语动词encouraged,所以这里我们要采用词性转译法,把"他们来帮忙"处理成动名词作主语的形式。其实,还有一种方法是把"他们来帮忙"处理成that引导的主语从句That they came to help,在句子作主语。

3. to have missed this film

解析:本题考查了反译法和不定式完成时的用法。"没看上这部电影,所以我才感到遗憾",因此动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以要用完成时态。如果用正译法将句子需填入部分译成not to have seen this film就不符合英语表达习惯,没有答案的效果好。

4. there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed

解析:in this light是一个惯用表达,意思是"这样说来";make good use of指"善用时间"。如果将原文译成there can be no doubt that we would succeed,就只将"毫无疑问"译了出来,却没能体现"当然"。那么在there can结构中"当然"应该放在什么位置呢?通常surely/ certainly都放在情态动词之后,系动词之前。注意:"成功"也可以说get somewhere;反之,不成功、一事无成、毫无进展就用get nowhere。如:The new policy will get the company nowhere.(新的政策将使公司前途晦暗。)

5. develop the good habit of reducing pollution

解析:本题考查词义辨析。"培养"的英文对应词是cultivate,但cultivate是指通过犁地等来耕作土地或指对人的养育、培育,如:to cultivate a love of art(培养对艺术的爱好);to cultivate a new generation(培育新一代)。句中的意思是说,政府应严格执法,另一方面,大众也应该养成减少污染的好习惯。"习惯"是要大众自己养成的,而不是说大众要培养什么其他人,所以应用develop这个词,表示逐渐形成,使行为朝着某一特定目标发展。

Exercise Thirty

1. We'll be all right _______________(只要我们能到达下一个加油站).

2. Seeing these pictures _______________(让我想到了我的童年时代).

3. We all know the fact that ________________(他们已使工厂现代化).

4. It is quite clear that _______________(整个计划注定要失败).

5. All the lights in this building ________________(都受这个开关的控制).

答案解析:

1. if only we can get to the next petrol-station

解析:本题"只要"不能用as long as,as long as保留时间方面的含义,它引导的条件句中的谓语动词通常是延续动词或系动词,如:I'll let you use the room as long as you keep it clean.(只要你能保持房间清洁,我就让你用这个房间。)如果条件句中的谓语动词表示短暂性的动作,最好用if only。本句中"到达"就是一个瞬间动词,因此不选用as long as。

2. reminded me of my own childhood

解析:一般说来,"让某人做某事"是祈使句,多用make sb. do/ let sb. do的句型。但题中情况较特殊。按英文表达习惯,使某人想起某事要用remind sb. of sth.的结构。如:The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.(这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。)This reminded her of college days.(这使她回想起了大学里的日子。)remember指"记住、牢记",与remind...of有区别。

3. they have modernized their factories

解析:本题考查that引导同位语从句。The fact是先行词,指代后半句整个内容,"他们已使工厂现代化"是对先行词的补充。

4. the whole project is doomed to failure/fail

解析:that-从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将that-从句置于句末。如:It is a pity that you should have to leave.(你非走不可真是件憾事。)另外,"注定......"是一个固定搭配,be doomed to通常后接名词或不定式,如:The prisoner was doomed to death.(囚犯被判处死刑。)His dogmatism is doomed to put him into isolation.(他的独断专行注定使他陷入孤立。)

5. are controlled by this switch

解析:本题翻译并不难,但考查了"by+执行者"在句中的用法。我们知道,"by+执行者"结构表示被动,通常在句中可以省略。但在以下几种场合必须翻译出来。第一,当执行者指艺术家、发明家、发现者、革新者等的专有名词时,如:The Last Dinner was painted by Da Vinci.(《最后的晚餐》是达?芬奇画的)。第二,当执行者是非确定性名词短语时。如:While the boy was walking on the road,he was robbed of his bread by an old man.(那个男孩在路上行走时,他的面包被一老人抢去。)本题所考查的正是第三种;当执行者是非生物性名

Exercise Thirty-One

1.The doctor _______________(建议用一种新药来治疗这种病).

2. The two parties differ very sharply from each other _______________(在采取正确的补救办法的问题上).

3. An average student with average intelligence can be a top student ________________(只要仔细安排他/她的时间).

4. _______________(让世界发展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology.

5. A student must treasure his time and ________________(吸收尽可能多的知识)to lay a solid foundation for his future career.

答案解析:

1. suggests treating the case with a new drug

解析:考生容易将此句"治疗"翻译成cure,cure强调"治疗、治愈,侧重治疗效果",如:The doctor used special medicines to cure him of the measles.(医生用特效药治愈了麻疹。)而treat强调医治的过程,后接sb.或sth.作宾语。另外,"建议做某事"通常可以用句型"suggest doing"或"suggest that"从句。\

2. over the correct remedies to apply

解析:首先要看到differ...from的结构,它表示"和......不同","与......在某方面不同"要用differ...from...over/on/upon...。"问题"是范畴词,不需要译成over the question of the correct remedies to apply以避免累赘。考生要注意比较differ from 与differ with的差别。differ with是说"不同意......的意见",相当于disagree with,如:I differ with him on that point,though he may be right.(在那一点上,我不同意他的意见,尽管他可能是对的。)

3. if he plans his/her time carefully

解析:本题考查代词在人称、数、性上的一致性。全句意为:一个中等智力水平的学生只要安排他/她的时间也能成为优等生。Student是单数,但无法确定名词的性,因此条件句中可用阳性或阴性。

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