当前位置:文档之家› 英语修辞

英语修辞

英语修辞
英语修辞

1、生动形象的Simile (明喻)

英语辞格simile (明喻)是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法,也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。在文学作品中尤其如此。《文学词汇词典》(A Dictionary of Literary Terms)对明喻是这样定义的:

A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.

这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性,许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时,其叙述都没有超出这个概念。

根据定义,明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。说得通俗点,也就是打比方,即把要描述的事物——本体(A)用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体(B)联系起来。常用的比喻词有as(如),like(像),seem(似乎),as if(好像),as though(好像),such as(像……一样)等。其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。Simile在英语中应用得很广泛,用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理,可收到生动形象,简单明了,新鲜有趣的修辞效果。先看引自《大学英语·精读》(笔者按:系指董亚芬总主编的大学英语系列教材(College English)中的《精读(Intensive Reading 1-6册)》[修订本],上海外语教育出版社,1997。下同)中的几个例子。

The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (Book 1, Unit 3)

支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。

一位孤苦伶仃的老人在生日那天,满心欢喜地期待她的女儿来给她祝寿,至少给她寄一份生日礼物,最终等到的却是一张冷冰冰的支票。此句形象地描述了老人收到支票后的心情——她多么失望,就让那张令她伤心的支票随它去吧!这个明喻的比喻词是like。

Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it. (Book 2, Unit 10)

对于人的精神来说,赞扬就像阳光一样:没有它我们便不能开花生长。

作者借助明喻形象地说明了赞扬的作用,赞扬对于人的精神如阳光对于生命一样重要,对于我们来说是不可或缺的。此句的比喻词也是like。

He looked at me with an air of surprised disappointed, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlace were undone. (Book 2, Unit 4)

他带着一种吃惊的,不以为然的神态看着我,就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的列兵一样。

这句话传神地刻画出校长对于“我”这位求职者傲慢自大,不屑一顾的神气。这句用的比喻词是as。

英语中有许多谚语包含着美妙的明喻,闪烁着语言艺术的光彩。这些谚语多数以like和as作比喻词。例如:

Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.

有天资而无学识,好比树木不结果实。

Choose an author as you choose a friend.

择书如择友。

Credit lost is like a Venice-glass broke.

信誉丧失,犹如破镜难圆。

Use a book as a bee does flowers.

读书如蜜蜂采花。

明喻通常表示本体和喻体之间的相似性,从而道出两种事物之间的关联。由于这个原因明喻常用于广告语言中,能使我们了解商品,给我们具体、形象的概念,读来颇感亲切,易于为大众所接受。如下面这则衣服广告:

Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud.

轻盈如微风,柔软似白云。

这则广告中两个明喻的运用,把衣服的质地感和穿着的舒适感体现出来了,使广告的魅力倍增,谁会不为之慷慨解囊呢?

Cool as a mountain stream…cool fresh Consulate.

凉爽如山间清泉……清凉甘爽的Consulate香烟。

这是Consulate 牌香烟的广告。广告将该香烟比作山间溪流,言下之意是,Consulate 牌香烟犹如山间溪流那样清新、甘爽、提神、醒脑……通过比喻把该烟的特点表现的淋漓尽致,使人难以忘怀。

另外,值得注意的是英语中有许多成语含有明喻,其结构为as + 形容词+ as +名词(第一个as可省略)。例如:

(as) blind as a bat 目光如豆

(as) cool as cucumber 泰然自若

(as) cold as a marble 冷若冰霜

(as) busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙

(as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石

(as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛

(as) mute as an oyster 噤若寒蝉

(as) strong as horse 健壮如牛

用些含明喻的成语用like构成。例如:

like a duck to water 如鱼得水

like a hen on a hot griddle 像热锅上的蚂蚁

like a cat in a hole 瓮中之鳖

以上是明喻最典型的体现格式:A is like B. 和A is as…as B.

英语中的明喻可以多种格式体现,其他的格式或句型还有:

1、虚拟句型最常见的是用as if或as though作比喻词,另外还有其他一些形式。例如:

My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs.

(Sydney Smith )

我的笔迹,看来就像一大群蚂蚁从墨水里逃出来,没有把脚抹干净就在纸上四散奔跑过似的。

笔迹像蚂蚁爬的痕迹,比喻得恰如其分。

…and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox.

……还有一位我生平所未曾见过最胖的女人坐在一把直背椅子上打瞌睡,那简直就像一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上一样。

“一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上”比喻(含夸张)得多么生动。

The dogs were in full cry, their noses down, their tails up, so close together that they might have been one great yellow and white moving carpet.

那群狗吠叫着追猎,低着头,翘着尾巴,一条挨着一条,看上去就像一块黄白交织的活动的大地毯。

本句也是虚拟句型的明喻,词组so…that起比喻词的作用,连接本体和喻体。

She looked both young and aging, as if she had just emerged from an illness of some crisis.

(Isacca Bashevis Singer: The Briefcase)

她看上去既老又年轻,好像是新病初愈或是刚遭了一场灾难的样子。

He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez.

(Ernest Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls)

那匹马很漂亮,像是维拉斯凯兹油画上的马变活了。

2、what型常见的句式有两种:A is to B what C is to D和What C is to D, A is to B。例如:

Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.

卡洛斯·雷德与可卡因的贩运的关系,正如亨利·福特与汽车的关系。

卡洛斯·雷德是著名的哥伦比亚毒枭(Colombian drug lord),亨利·福特是美国汽车大王,本句通过喻体(福特)说明本体(雷德)。此明喻起说明的作用。

Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.

(Bovee)

明智的表扬对于孩子的作用,就像阳光对于花朵的作用。

The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.

作家的笔犹如战士的枪。

Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.

智力对思想犹如视力对于身体一样重要。

在这个明喻句式中,系动词可以改用实义动词do,介词to改为for,而成为 A does for B what C does for D 。这里what引导的是一个宾语从句。例如:

Marx did for the development of society what Darwin did for the development of the biology.

马克思对社会发展的贡献和达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。

第二个句式是把what从句提到句首而形成的。例如:

What the blueprint is to the builder the outline is to the writer.

提纲对于作家犹如蓝图对于建筑师一样重要。

What blood vessels are to a man’s body, that railways are to the country.

铁路对于一个国家的作用正如血管对于人体的作用。

What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.

教育之于心灵,犹如雕刻之于大理石。

What salt is to food, that wit and humour are to conversation and literature.

妙语与幽默之于会话与文学,恰似盐对于食物一样。

以上两例中what置于句首,后面的主句一般由that连接,但也可以省去。

3、than型

Lear: … that she may feel

How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is

To have a thankless child! Away, away!

( William Shakespeare: King Lear )

李尔:……让她也感觉到

一个负心的孩子比毒蛇的牙齿还要多么

使人痛入骨髓!去,去!

A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.

(William M. Thackeray)

愚人之不知其愚,犹如其不能自视其耳。

We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.

(Bernard Shaw)

我们不创造幸福便无权享受幸福,正如不创造财富也就无权享用财富一样。

Man cannot help craving for expression any more than birds can help singing.

人之不能不舒其胸襟,犹鸟之不能不啭其歌喉。

So she shows she seems the budding rose,

Yet sweeter far than is earthly flower…

(Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose)

当她出现,看来犹如含苞的玫瑰,

但却远比尘世的花儿馥郁……

4、And 型这是一种特殊的明喻句,常见于英语谚语。其中and的作用相当于like,不可把它理解为“和”、“与”等义。例如:

A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.

说出的话犹如抛出的石,是收不回来的。

Love and cough can not be hid.

恋爱如同咳嗽,难逃他人耳目。

Words and feather are tossed by the wind.

语言如羽毛,风刮到处飘。

Truth and roses have thorns about them.

真理如玫瑰,全身都带刺。

Kings and bears often worry their keepers.

国王和熊一样,总使照料的人坐立不安。

5、动词型

I compare his genius to a lightning flash.

我将他的天才比作闪电。

He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.

他把女儿当作掌上明珠。

Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.

塞缪尔·约翰逊把词典看作钟表。

Passions are l iken’d best to floods and streams;

The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb…

激情最像洪水与溪流:

水面喧声淙淙,水底无语无声……

Sitting still, he might have been taken for a very pretty girl masquerading in male attire, but when he moved, his little agility suggested a tame panther without the claws.

(Ethel Lilian Voynich: The Gadfly)

要是静静地坐在那儿,人家准会当他是一个女扮男装的很美的姑娘;可是一行动起来,他那柔软而敏捷的姿态,就要使人联想到一只驯服的没有利爪的豹子了。

Clan in his nightshirt, his neck poked forward, his back rounded, he resembled some long white bird.

(John Galsworthy: The Man of Property)

他穿了一身睡衣,脖子向前伸出来,伛着背,那样子活像一只长身白鸟。

可引导明喻的动词还有to be similar to, consider…as…, serve…as…, honour…as, respect…as…等。

与英语simile相对应的汉语修辞格是“明喻”。汉语“明喻” 是比喻(包括明喻、隐喻和借喻)中的一种,也是最平易的一种。基本格式和英语simile完全相同,即“甲事物像乙事物”。需要加以描写刻画的事物(本体),用以比喻的事物(喻体)和比喻词都出现,明白地表示出本体和喻体的比喻关系,所以称“明喻”。常用的比喻词有:像、好像、如、犹如、仿佛……。例如:

还似旧时游上苑,车如流水马如龙。(李煜:《忆江南》)

客有吹萧者,倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然,如怨,如慕,如泣,如诉,余音袅袅,不绝如缕,舞幽壑之蛟龙,泣孤舟之嫠妇。

(苏轼:《前赤壁赋》)

我们容易伤风和妒忌,我们烦腻,心薄得像嘴唇,而嘴唇又薄又阔,像一张拍卖行长开的旧唱片。(王佐良:《诗》)

于是夜晚的松花江,像一条嵌花的闪光的银链,静静地垂挂在这一片浩瀚的沙滩裸露的胸前。(张抗抗:《夏》)

看了卡拉玛姐妹的舞蹈,使人深深地体会到印度的优美悠久的文化艺术:舞蹈、音乐、雕刻、图画……都如同一条条的大榕树上的树枝,枝枝下垂,入地生根。

(冰心:《观舞记》)

饮食店里的职工们当然不知女经理的这番挫折,只见她第二天早晨起来眼睛肿得和水蜜桃一样,看什么都不顺眼,看见馒头、花卷、包子、面条都有气。

(古华:《芙蓉镇》)

值得注意的是,有些句子中虽然有“像”,“好像”这类比喻词,但这个句子不一定是明喻。例如:

人总是有感情的,不爱别人就是因为太爱自己,要我像他那样只爱自己,对旁人都没有感情,我会僵了,活不成了。

(莫应丰:《将军吟》)

这个句子中的“我像他”不是明喻,因为“我”和“他”系同类,不能设喻。构成明喻必须要有本体、喻体和比喻词,并且本体和喻体之间是“相类”的关系,在本质上是不同的事物。

2、含而不露的Metaphor(隐喻)

Metaphor(汉译名为“隐喻”或“暗喻”),也是一种比喻,它不用比喻词,直接把甲事物(喻体)当作乙事物(本体)来描述,其比喻关系隐含在句意中,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。

Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是:“a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another”这个解释的意思是说,隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格,他通常的基本用法是,表述某一事物的词或短语被用来表述另外的一种事物。由于比喻是隐含的,决定了它的本体与喻体的关系必然十分紧密。与simile相比较,不但不需要as, like之类的比喻词,有时甚至可以连本体也不出现。基于这种情况,有些词典或著作常常对metaphor和simile同时论述,称之为“浓缩的明喻(a compressed or condensed simile)”。如A Dictionary of Literary Terms对Metaphor的定义就是如此,“Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit.”

下面用实例对这两种修辞格做一比较:

1a. Life is like an isthmus between two eternities. (simile)

生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。(明喻)

1b. Life is an isthmus between two eternities. (metaphor)

生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。(隐喻)

2a. Happiness is like sunshine: it is made up of very little beams. (simile)

幸福像阳光,它由非常细小的光速构成。(明喻)

2b. The sunshine of life is made up of very little beams. (metaphor)

幸福的阳光由非常细小的光速构成。(隐喻)

Metaphor在英语里运用极为广泛、频繁。请看下面几例:

Police work on inner city streets is a domestic Vietnam, a dangerous no-win struggle fought by confused, misdirected and unappreciated troops.

( Gordon Witkin )

市中心贫民区的治安工作是一场国内的越南战争,有一支思想混乱、指挥失灵、无人赏识的部队进行的一场危险的,只输不赢的斗争。

这是一例典型的隐喻。人们对警方的工作(本体)可能了解不深,但在美国人们对越南战争(喻体)则是体会的既具体又痛切。本体,喻体同时出现,通过三个相似点(confused, misdirected,unappreciated),痛陈警察的不平和苦衷,可望引起公众对警察的同情和理解。文中Vietnam指the Vietnam War。

For years her cries of “fish for sale” were in vain. She had no home, no family, no friends — and her life was a basket of unsold fish.

( Humphrey Hawksley )

多年来,她“卖鱼啦”的叫喊声全然白费。她无家可归,无夫无子,无亲无友——她的生活就是一篮没卖出去的鱼。

把卖鱼妇的生活比喻成一篮没有卖出的鱼,激起人们对卖鱼妇的无限同情。

This century…man has started to look into the working of that other universe which is inside himself ——the human brain.

(Isaac Asimov: What Is Intelligence, Anyway)

本世纪……人类已经开始研究自身内部的的另外一个宇宙的活动了,这另外一个宇宙就是人脑。

作者用隐喻向读者表明:“人脑”就是一个“宇宙”,它奥秘无穷,有待人类进一步研究探索。

While most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somewhat reluctant to give our fellow the warm sunshine of praise.

(Janet Grham: The Profits of Praise)

我们大多数人动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风,不知为什么却不愿意把表扬的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。

此句把太多的批评比喻为“冷风”,把表扬比喻为“温暖的阳光”,本体和喻体的关系由of含蓄表达,都是喻体在前,本体在后。

Benedick: Would you buy her, that you inquire after her?

Claudio: Can the world buy such a jewel?

(William Shakespeare: Much Ado about Nothing)

培尼狄克:您这样问起她,是不是要把她买下来?

克劳狄奥:全世界所有的财富,可以买得到这样一块美玉吗?

这个例子中本体和比喻词都没有,直接由喻体jewel代替本体her(Beatrice)。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested…

(Francisco Bacon:Of Study)

一些书浅尝即可,另一些书却要囫囵吞下,只有少数的书才值得咀嚼和消化。

此句的本体是book,喻体无疑应当是food,因为只有食物才能被“浅尝”,“吞下”,或者被“咀嚼”,“消化”。但是作喻体的food 一词却没有出现,喻体之意则折射隐含在有关进食的几个动词之中。

Iago: How poor are they that have not patient! What would did ever heal but by degrees?

(William Shakespeare: Othello)

伊阿古:没有耐性的人多么可怜!什么伤口不是慢慢地平复起来的?

Beware of little expenses. A small leak will sink a great ship.

( Benjamin Franklin )

当心小笔的费用。小漏不堵也会沉大船。

以上两例不是用词或短语而是用句子进行比喻,前一句为本体,后一句为喻体。

1、Metaphor的结构

英语Metaphor的运用格式灵活多样,它可体现在任何句子成分上,如主语、谓语、表语、定语或状语。在表达上它可以是一个单词、一个词组、一个句子,甚至是一个段落。常见的有以下几种结构:

1)用to be 连接本体(the tenor)和喻体(the vehicle),喻体一般体现在句子的表语部分。这是metaphor最基本的结构形式。

To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama.

(Helen Keller: Three Day to See)

对我来说, 四季的奇丽变幼犹如一出动人心弦永无完结的戏剧。

在这个句子中pageant 是本体, drama 是喻体, 用is 将二者连接起来。其结构的核心就是The pageant is a drama. 下面的例句也是如此:

Macbeth:… Out, out, brief candle!

Life is but a walking shadow,…

( William Shakespeare: Macbeth )

麦克白:……熄灭了吧,熄灭了吧,短促的烛光!

人生不过是一个行走的影子,……

All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.

大千世界是个舞台,所有男男女女不外是个角色。

Money is a bottomless sea, in which honour, conscience, and truth may be drowned.

金钱是无底的海洋,荣誉、良心和真理都可以淹没在其中。

Habit is a cable; every day we weave thread, and soon we cannot break it.

习惯是缆索,每天我们都编上一条线,不久我们便扯不断了。

2)用of连接喻体和本体, 这是metaphor 另一结构, 其中的介词of 表示同位关系。

I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!

我落入生活的荆棘中, 我淌血!

His eyes came out of his head like a prawn’s, and once more his moustache foamed up against his breakwater of a nose.

(G.. H. Vallins: Best English)

他的眼睛像对虾一样鼓出来,胡子再一次泡沫似地向上翘起,抵住他那防波堤般的鼻子。

The Dutchman was six-foot, a great red-faced, hot-tempered treckox of a man.

(Doris Lessing: In Pursuit of the English)

那荷兰人身高六尺,大块头,红脸膛, 急脾气,简直是一条拉车的公牛。

句中的of 连接喻体treck-ox 和本体a man。这个metaphor 的实质就是A man is a treckox.下列例句也是如此。

He nodded toward the corner to where the giant stood, his thick arms crossed on his hogshead of a chest.

(Richard Connell: The Most Dangerous Game)

他朝那彪形大汉站着的墙点了点头。大汉那粗壮的胳膊交叉在他那大桶似的胸前。

3)用动词或形容词表示比喻。

…no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history.

( John Scopes: The Trial That Rocked the World)

谁也没有料想到, 尤其是我, 更没有想到我的案子会越搞越大, 以至成了美国历史上最闻名的审判之一。

The street around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs. (Ibid.)

在红砖砌成的三层楼法院周围的街道上,突然摆满东倒西歪的摊位,出售热狗。

He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. (Ibid.)

他大发雷霆地怒吼。

以上都是动词型的隐喻。would snowball (滚雪球) 是把“案件”比喻为“雪球”;sprouted (萌发出) 是把“法庭周围的街道”比喻成“树木”;thundered (怒吼)是把人的“声音”当作“雷鸣”来描写。

再例如:

A modern Japanese woman, they say, instead of trying to enrich her inner self, is in a mad scramble to ape anything that is new and foreign — fashions, cosmetics, hairdos, rock-and-roll.

英语修辞简介

A General Survey of English Rhetorics Simile and metaphor New China is like a red sun rising in the east. Subject/tenor-----reference/vehicle-----indicator of resemblance/simile marker Simile marker:like/as/as if/as though/as….as/similar to etc. Mother was short and plump and pretty.Her eyes were blue,and her brown hair was like a bird’s smooth wings…. Avoid to use outdated similes.---fresh as a rose/brave as a lion/cunning as a fox/proud as peacock. Metaphor-------condensed simile The news is a dagger to his heart. Joe fought like a lion------Joe was a lion in the battle. The gossip was like a net that strangled her. The parks of our city are like human lungs.The parks are the lungs of our city. She was strangled in the net of gossip. Money is the lens in a camera.(J.T.Adams) Notes: Add fuel to the flames A bolt from the blue Castles in the air Constant dropping wears the stone You will cross the bridge when you get to it. Carry coals to Newcastle Excises: 1)The data processing is going on as slow as a snail. 2)Every man has a fool in his sleeve. 3)The brains don’t lie in the beard. 4)Two heads are better than one. 5)An ounce of practice is worth a pound of theory. Analogy 类比是就两种本质上不同的事物之间的几个共同的特征或相似点进行平行比较,从中找出两者的相似之处,得出针对性极强的结论。它比比喻的着眼点更广阔,描述更充分。 Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider,the banks recede,the waters flow more quietly,and in the end,without any visible break,they become merged in the sea,and painlessly lose their individual being. _____Bertrand Russell

英语修辞格汇总

修辞格(figures of speech)大体分为三类: 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices ); 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) (一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音. Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration) 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。 With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 怀着这个信念,我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。 Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法,与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运 用它可以使语言更加形象生动。 在英美文学终,拟声词的应用非常广泛: 如:摹仿金属声的有:clash, clank, ting, tinkle, clang, jangle, ding-dong, tick-tack, etc. 摹仿水等液体声的有:splash, bubble, sizz, sizzle, splish-splosh, drip-drop, etc.摹仿各种动物叫声有:neigh, baa, moo, miao, screech, hiss, cook-a-doodle-do, etc.摹仿人的各种声音有:giggle, chuckle, shriek, snort, sneeze, snigger, smack, whisper, grunt, grumble, mumble, sputter, murmur, chatter, gurgle, whoop, etc. note: (词义的转变)英语拟声词往往不仅仅指声音,并兼指产生声音的动作,(即转义后可做动词或名词): 如:flap本指扁平物体拍打时发出的“啪嗒”声,但转义后也可做动词“拍打”(动词to flap,名词a flap) 又如:bang本指“砰砰”的敲物声,转义后,可指敲物的动作"敲打"(v. to bang, n. a bang) (二)词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma etc. Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同,用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻 体均同时出现在句中,在形式上是相对应的。英语simile的比喻词一般是like, as(……as)等,汉语明喻的比喻词通常是好象、仿佛等。例如: As brave as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛。 As timid as a rabbit胆小如鼠 Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、暗喻特点,如: Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。 He has a heart of stone.他的心像石头一样硬。 My brother studies hard. He is the head of his class.我弟弟学习很用功,他在班上

英语修辞手法的解释和例句

英语修辞手法的解释和例句 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

高考英语作文常用修辞手法

高考英语作文常用修辞手法 高考英语作文常用修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味,一篇好的作文,语言应该生动形象。而恰当 地运用修辞手法,可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真,大大增强艺术表 现力,扩大语言表达的范围;而且还可以激发读者的想象,给人留下 深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1 比喻(etaphr) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(siile): 用lie, as, asas, as if(thugh) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: lve’s lie a red, red rse 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The an an’t be trusted He is as slipper as an eel 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He uped as if he had been stung他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 hildhd is lie a siftl passing drea 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(etaphr): 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart f stne 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The rld is a stage 世界是一个大舞台。 2 换喻(etn)

用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the hite Huse 代替美国政府或者总统,用the bttle来代替ine 或者alhl,用the bar 来代替the legal prfessin,用rn代替ing等。例如: His purse uld nt all hi that luxur 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种 奢华。 The ther did her best t tae are f the radle 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He sueeded t the rn in 1848 他在1848年继承了王位。 3 提喻(snedhe) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用 一般代表特殊。例如: He earns his bread b riting 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The fars ere shrt f hands during the harvest seasn 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat anada at riet 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿 大队。 He is the Netn f this entur 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4 拟人(persnifiatin) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如: heart as singing 我的心在歌唱。 This tie fate as siling t hi 这一次命运朝他微笑了。

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总

一.词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想,利用不同事物之间的相似点,借助比喻词(如like,as等)起连接作用,清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked(未煮过的)barley pancake. ④The oratorial(雄辩的)storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull(迟钝的), drilled(训练有素的), docile(易驯服的), brutish (粗野的)masses of the Hun soldiery plodding(沉重缓慢地走)on like a swarm(群)of crawling locusts(蝗虫). (2)metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水,而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast(巨大的), sombre(忧郁的)cavern(洞穴)of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery(干线)of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash(鞭绳). ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,

英语修辞 手法

英语修辞 1.音韵修辞格(phonetic devices) (1).头韵(Alliteration) 在英语语言中两个或两个以上的相邻单词以相同的首音因素开头,形成顺口悦耳的读音,称为头韵修辞手法。 Eg : A light heart lives long. Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. (2) 元韵(Assonance) 若干押音单词重读音节中辅音虽不同而元音相同。 Eg : The first wealth is health . (3).谐音(Assonance) Eg: litter and batter. Dress and boss. (4). 拟声(onomatopoeia) 指通过仿拟相关事物的声音来构词。 Eg : A window rattles. Giggle meow 2.语义修辞格(semantic devices)。 (1) 讽喻(allegory). 以其他的事物形象来叙述事物,通常叙述的事是一个故 事,故事中的人物,事件及发生的事情别具意义,如寓 言等。

Eg : A farmer was driving his cart along a country road. The cart got stuck in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. Instead he began to pray to the gods for help. The God finally appeared and told the man to get busy and push it. “Put your shoulder to the wheel ,” God advised. The moral of this story is clear: we must not rely on others for help. Another saying which has come from this fable is, “God help those who help themselves. (2)隐喻(Allusion) 指间接的提及某物,顺便提到。 Eg : It’s no use crying over spilt milk, because all the forces of the universe were bent on spilling it . (3)类比(analogy) 同类相比,属于一种推理方式,由此及彼。 Eg : appropriate praise to a child is what the sun to a flower. (4)警句(epigram) 用简洁的语句说明复杂的事物,揭示深刻的哲理。 Eg : It is easy to buy books than to read them, and easier to read them than to absorb them. (5)委婉语(euphemism) 表示用温和的,简洁的或模棱两可的表达方式来替换那

英语修辞简介

语法管语言“通顺不通顺”;逻辑管语言“合理不合理”;修辞管语言“优不优美”。语言美完全由修辞来决定,由此可见,修辞学在语言学习过程具有不可低估的重要意义。 从翻译教学的目的来看,学生大致掌握下列二十种修辞格就可以了,它们是:明喻(simile);隐喻(metaphor);移就(transferred epithet);拟人(personification);借代(metonymy);低调陈述(understatement);委婉(euphemism);夸张(hyperbole);典故(allusion);对照(antithesis);平行(parallelism);隽语(paradox);矛盾修饰(oxymoron);突降(antiticlimax);重复(repetion);头韵(alliteration);双关(pun);反语(irony);仿拟(parody);轭式搭配(zeugma) 从应用范围来看,英语修辞格的运用可谓无处不在,从各种体裁的文学作品、到数量繁多的习语、谚语、警语、格言、商品广告和交际口语,到处都可发现修辞格的踪影。只有科技英语和法律英语由于要求客观公允、精炼准确,修辞格的运用相对来说要少些。 从翻译手法上来看,英语翻译的方法可以归纳为三种手法:直译法、意译法和直译加注法。但是不管采取什么样的翻译方法,都应该尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色,努力传递出各种修辞格的结构美、意蕴美和音韵美。 反语修辞格 所谓反语修辞格,就是把正面意思反过来说或把反面意思说成正面意思的修辞方法,即词语的真实含义往往与其字面意思相反。这种修辞方法便于挖苦、讽刺、俏皮、幽默。如:What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!-They let the paopers go to sleep! 他们竟允许穷人睡觉!——多么“高尚”的例证!多么“仁慈”的法律!多么“可爱”的国家!(这句话正话反说,19世纪时期英国政府对待穷人的态度昭然若揭,下层人的苦难生活用一种极具讽刺意味的方式表达出来。) 明喻 明喻就是直接将甲事物比作乙事物的修辞格,是最常用,也是最简单的修辞手法。在我国俗称“打比方”。明喻修辞格应用范围十分广泛,几乎可以运用于任何一种文体(包括科技英语)。比如:Using this instrument is like trying to pick up one grain of rice with chopsticks: possible, but difficult for the uninitiated. 明喻不但可用来写景状物、刻画人物还可用来叙事说理;精当的明喻可以极大地增强语言的联想性、形象性、鲜明性、具体性和通俗性。例如:Habit may be likened to a cable: we weave a thread of it every day, and it becomes so strong that we can not break it. 把habit 喻为cable,使读者轻易就领悟到“积习难改”的道理。再如这句服装广告词:Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud. 把这种衣服的质量描写得十分真切,读之让人顿生遐思。 明喻修辞格大多数情况下都可采用直译法进行翻译,但要注意保留其生动性和形象性。 夸张 具体而言夸张修辞格就是为了强调而故意夸大事实,以强调事物的重要性或感情色彩。比如:When I hear the word culture, I reach for my rovoler.(我一听到这个词,就像伸手掏手枪。)夸张是一种十分常用的修辞格,各种文体都可找到应用的例证,现代广告词更是经常使用。例如:We have hidden a garden full of vegetables where you’d never expect—in a pie. 这则广告更是把小小馅饼营养夸大到了无以复加的地步。在看看德国航空公司的一则广告:Making a big world smaller. 通过夸张,把这航空公司业务遍及全球各地的信息及其自信地传递出来。 夸张修辞格有时可照字面意思直译;但有时却不能直译,需要抛却夸饰成分,适当意译或引申,才能得到符合汉语习惯的上好译文。

高级英语课文修辞总结

高级英语课文修辞总结(1-7课) 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)

英语修辞大全

本文根据《大学英语》中出现的最常见的几种修辞格加以分析,希望有助于大家在学习英语的过程中能够恰当地选择修辞手段来丰富自己的表达。 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。例如: ●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsint oshis wrinkled face.(他往后一跳,好像被什么东西叮了一下似的,他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。)在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样,生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。 ●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。)《礼物》一文中,老太太喜迎八十大寿,大女儿不来庆祝,只寄来一张支票。作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟,形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭,极度伤心的心情。 暗喻(Metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: ●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。 ●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬

高级英语修辞总结完整版

高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻(simile) 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如: 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻(metaphor) 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion(暗引)

(完整版)英语中19种修辞手法和例句

1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile -简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor -简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

英语修辞手法(全)

英语修辞手法 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物或现象作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词 he had just walked out of a fairy tale. Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻, 不是通过比喻词进行,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写即将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。1. German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets. 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2. The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容 1. The kettle boils. 水开了。 2. The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称 Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III.以作者代替作品 a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念 I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. Synecdoche 提喻 又称举隅法,主要特点是用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。 men. 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为(巨大的牺牲) 2. “tongue”代替抽象的 — 岁的黑姑娘。 这里的“many eyes”代替了 4. There are about 100 (部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 5. He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 6. The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. Personification拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物,把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以 in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”) 一个夏天她

英语修辞手法

英语常用修辞 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4>.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 5>.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 6>.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 7>.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 子子

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档