ODE TO THE WEST WIND
西风颂
I
1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
一
呵，狂野的西风，你把秋气猛吹，
不露脸便将落叶一扫而空，
犹如法师赶走了群鬼，
4 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
5 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
6 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
赶走那黄绿红黑紫的一群，
那些染上了瘟疫的魔怪——
呵，你让种子长翅腾空，
7 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
8 Each like a corpse within its grave, until
9 Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
又落在冰冷的土壤里深埋，
像尸体躺在坟墓，但一朝
你那青色的东风妹妹回来，
10 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
11 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
12 With living hues and odours plain and hill:
为沉睡的大地吹响银号，
驱使羊群般的蓓蕾把大气猛喝，
就吹出遍野嫩色，处处香飘。
13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
狂野的精灵！你吹遍大地山河，
破坏者，保护者，听吧——听我的歌！
II
15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
17 Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
二
你激荡长空，乱云飞坠
如落叶；你摇撼天和海，
不准它们像老树缠在一堆；
18 Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
19 On the blue surface of thine a?ry surge,
20 Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
你把雨和电赶了下来，
只见蓝空上你驰骋之处
忽有万丈金发披开，
21Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
22 Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
23 The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge 像是酒神的女祭司勃然大怒，
楞把她的长发遮住了半个天，
将暴风雨的来临宣布。
24 Of the dying year, to which this closing night
25 Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
26 Vaulted with all thy congregated might
你唱着挽歌送别残年，
今夜这天空宛如圆形的大墓，
罩住了混沌的云雾一片，
27 Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
28 Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh, hear! 却挡不住电火和冰雹的突破，
更有暴雨倾盆而下！呵，听我的歌！
III
29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
30 The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
31 Lulled by the coil of his crystàlline streams,
三
你惊扰了地中海的夏日梦，
它在清澈的碧水里静躺，
听着波浪的催眠曲，睡意正浓，
32Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
33 And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
34 Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
朦胧里它看见南国港外石岛旁，
烈日下古老的宫殿和楼台
把影子投在海水里晃荡，
35 All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
36 So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
37 For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
它们的墙上长满花朵和藓苔，
那香气光想想也叫人醉倒！
你的来临叫大西洋也惊骇，
38 Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below 39The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear 40 The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
它忙把海水劈成两半，为你开道，
海底下有琼枝玉树安卧，
尽管深潜万丈，一听你的怒号
41 Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
42 And tremble and despoil themselves: oh, hear!
就闻声而变色，只见一个个
战栗、畏缩——呵，听我的歌！
IV
43 If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
44 If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
45 A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
四
如果我能是一片落叶随你飘腾，
如果我能是一朵流云伴你飞行，
或是一个浪头在你的威力下翻滚，
46 The impulse of thy strength, only less free
47 Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
48 I were as in my boyhood, and could be
如果我能有你的锐势和冲动，
即使比不上你那不羁的奔放，
但只要能拾回我当年的童心，
49 The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
50 As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
51 Scarce seemed a vision; I would ne'er have striven 我就能陪着你遨游天上，
那时候追上你未必是梦呓，
又何至沦落到这等颓丧，
52 As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
53 Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
54 I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
祈求你来救我之急！
呵，卷走我吧，像卷走落叶，波浪，流云！我跌在人生的棘树上，我血流遍体！
向你苦苦祈求。哦，快把我扬起，
就象你扬起的波浪、浮云、落叶！
我倾覆于人生的荆棘！我在流血！
55 A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
56 One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud. 岁月沉重如铁链，压着的灵魂
原本同你一样：高傲，飘逸，不驯。
岁月的重负压制着的这一个太象你，
象你一样，骄傲，不驯，而且敏捷。
V
57 Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
58 What if my leaves are falling like its own!
59 The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
五
让我做你的竖琴吧，就同森林一般，
纵然我们都落叶纷纷，又有何妨！
我们身上的秋色斑烂，
60 Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
61 Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
62 My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
好给你那狂飙曲添上深沉的回响，
甜美而带苍凉。给我你迅猛的劲头！
豪迈的精灵，化成我吧，借你的锋芒，
63 Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
64 Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!
65 And, by the incantation of this verse,
把我的腐朽思想扫出宇宙，
扫走了枯叶好把新生来激发；
凭着我这诗韵做符咒，
请把我枯萎的思绪播送宇宙，
就象你驱遣落叶催促新的生命，
请凭借我这韵文写就的符咒，
66 Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth
67 Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
68 Be through my lips to unawakened earth
犹如从未灭的炉火照出火花，
把我的话散布在人群之中
对那沉睡的大地，拿我的嘴当喇叭，
69 The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,
70 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
吹响一个预言！呵，西风，
如果冬天已到，难道春天还用久等？
（王佐良译）
Appreciation of the Poem “Ode to the West Wind” Class 0801 Name Zhao Xiaoning Student Number 2008030112
Abstract... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...( 3) 摘要... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...( 4) 1. Introduction... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ( 5) 2. Appreciation to the Ode to the West Wind… … … … … … … ( 5 ) 3. Conclusion… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ( 6) 4. Bibliography… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ( 7 )
Abstract: Ode to the West Wind is the most classical works of Shelley The poet came up with the thought when he is walking in a forest and a strong storm seemed to come soon. And the storm came together with wind and hails. In such weather Shelley thought of many things of the society. Under this atmosphere he wrote the poem “Ode to the West Wind”. Key Words: Lyric image aesthetics the west wind
西风颂 查良铮译本 第一节 哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！ 你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避： 黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨， 呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你 以车驾把有翼的种子催送到 黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里， 像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起 她的喇叭，在沉睡的上响遍， （唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中） 将色和香充满了山峰和平原。 不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行； 破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！第二节 没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱， 流云象的枯叶一样被撕扯 脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。 成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落 在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面， 有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁， 从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿 直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳 欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年 你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜 将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶， 里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结； 那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌 黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！第三节 是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒， 而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天， 被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦， 就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边， 它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁 在水天辉映的波影里抖颤， 而且都生满青苔、开满花朵， 那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你 让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波 把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底 那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林 虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力； 听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青： 一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！第四节 哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起， 假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾， 是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息， 假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如 你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！ 假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞 便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空 （因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄， 似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今 这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。 哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！ 我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！ 这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命 原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。第五节 把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林： 尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！ 你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐 将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意： 虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我 狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！
The analysis of Ode to the West Wind Ode to the West Wind is the most famous lyric poem written by Shelley. There are five stanzas in the poem. In the first stanza, the poet uses the personification like “breath” to help describe the wet wind scatters the dead leaves and spreads seeds, here the poet gives us a image that the west wind is “destroyer and preserver”. In the next two stanzas, the poet describes how the west wind conquers the sea and the sky, we can see the west wind’s great power. In the last two stanzas, the poet expresses her wish to become the west wind. From the poem we can see many images are used, such as “the dead leaves, the cloud and the wave”, and they all help to describe the west wind’s power, so is the west wind also just a image? To get the answer we must know the background when Shelley wrote the poem. The poem was written in 1819 when European worker’s movement and the revolution were going on. British working class fought with the bourgeoisie for their right to make a living. Concerning this fact we can see that the west wind is not only a image, it is a symbol, namely that the west wind is like the revolution which destroys the old world and creates the new world. In this poem, the poet turn to the west wind for help because in her heart, the west wind stands for the moral and the spirit, it can give people power. The poem is a ode. The stanza used in this ode was developed by Shelley from the interlaced three-line units of the Italian terza rima: aba bcb cdc and so on. Shelley’s stanza consists of a set of four such tercets, closed by a couplet rhyming with the middle line of the preceding tercet: aba bab cdc ded ee. This kind of rhyme breaks the old rule and describes the west wind’s great power vividly.
! 西风颂 查良铮译本 第一节 哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！ 你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避： 黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨， 呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你` 以车驾把有翼的种子催送到 黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里， 像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起 她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍， （唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中） 将色和香充满了山峰和平原。 不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行； > 破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！第二节 没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱， 流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯 脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。 成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落 在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面， 有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁， ； 从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿 直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳 欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年 你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜 将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶， 里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结； 那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌 黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！— 第三节 是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒， 而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天， 被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦， 就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边， 它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁 在水天辉映的波影里抖颤， 而且都生满青苔、开满花朵， / 那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你 让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波 把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底 那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林 虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力； 听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青： 一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！第四节 : 哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起， 假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾， 是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息， 假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如 你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！ 假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞 便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空 （因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，\ 似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今 这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。 哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！ 我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！ 这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
最美的英语诗歌：Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 英文诗歌它也可以跟汉字一样很美，因为它也可以让人难以忘怀。以下是小编给大家整理的邂逅世间最美的英语诗歌—— Ode to the West Wind 西风颂，希望可以帮到大家 Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 Percy Bysshe Shelley 珀西·比西·雪莱 one 一 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn' s being, 哦，狂暴的西风啊，你是秋天的气息， Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead 你神出鬼没，万木之叶因此皆枯， Are driven, like ghosts 什om an enchanter fleeing. 黄叶乱窜，有如鬼魅碰到了巫师。 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, 万叶乱飞，那颜色好似在躲避病魔， Pestilence—stricken multitudes: 0 thou, 枯黄、乌黑、苍白、潮红， Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed 你啊，正驱使着长翅的种子赶赴到 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, 黑暗、低矮、阴冷的床上过冬 Each like a corpse within its grave, until 每粒种子就像坟墓里的僵尸， Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow 待到明媚的东君把号角吹响，
ODE TO THE WEST WIND 西风颂 I 1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, 2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead 3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, 一 呵，狂野的西风，你把秋气猛吹， 不露脸便将落叶一扫而空， 犹如法师赶走了群鬼， 4 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, 5 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, 6 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed 赶走那黄绿红黑紫的一群， 那些染上了瘟疫的魔怪—— 呵，你让种子长翅腾空， 7 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, 8 Each like a corpse within its grave, until 9 Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow 又落在冰冷的土壤里深埋， 像尸体躺在坟墓，但一朝 你那青色的东风妹妹回来， 10 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill 11 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) 12 With living hues and odours plain and hill: 为沉睡的大地吹响银号， 驱使羊群般的蓓蕾把大气猛喝， 就吹出遍野嫩色，处处香飘。 13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; 14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear! 狂野的精灵！你吹遍大地山河， 破坏者，保护者，听吧——听我的歌！ II 15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion, 16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed, 17 Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, 二 你激荡长空，乱云飞坠 如落叶；你摇撼天和海， 不准它们像老树缠在一堆； 18 Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread 19 On the blue surface of thine a?ry surge, 20 Like the bright hair uplifted from the head 你把雨和电赶了下来， 只见蓝空上你驰骋之处 忽有万丈金发披开， 21Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge 22 Of the horizon to the zenith's height, 23 The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge 像是酒神的女祭司勃然大怒， 楞把她的长发遮住了半个天， 将暴风雨的来临宣布。 24 Of the dying year, to which this closing night 25 Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, 26 Vaulted with all thy congregated might 你唱着挽歌送别残年， 今夜这天空宛如圆形的大墓， 罩住了混沌的云雾一片， 27 Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere 28 Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh, hear! 却挡不住电火和冰雹的突破， 更有暴雨倾盆而下！呵，听我的歌！ III 29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams 30 The blue Mediterranean, where he lay, 31 Lulled by the coil of his crystàlline streams, 三 你惊扰了地中海的夏日梦， 它在清澈的碧水里静躺， 听着波浪的催眠曲，睡意正浓，
Summary The speaker invokes the “wild West Wind”of autumn, which scatters the dead leaves and spreads seeds so that they may be nurtured by the spring, and asks that the wind, a “destroyer and preserver,”hear him. The speaker calls the wind the “dirge / Of the dying year,”and describes how it stirs up violent storms, and again implores it to hear him. The speaker says that the wind stirs the Mediterranean from “his summer dreams,”and cleaves the Atlantic into choppy chasms, making the “sapless foliage”of the ocean tremble, and asks for a third time that it hear him.The speaker says that if he were a dead leaf that the wind could bear, or a cloud it could carry, or a wave it could push, or even if he were, as a boy, “the comrade”of the wind’s “wandering over heaven,”then he would never have needed to pray to the wind and invoke its powers. He pleads with the wind to lift him “as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!”—for though he is like the wind at heart, untamable and proud—he is now chained and bowed with the weight of his hours upon the earth.The speaker asks the wind to “make me thy lyre,”to be his own Spirit, and to drive his thoughts across the universe, “like withered leaves, to quicken a new birth.”He asks the wind, by the incantation of this verse, to scatter his words among mankind, to be the “trumpet of a prophecy.”Speaking both in regard to the season and in regard to the effect upon mankind that he hopes his words to have, the speaker asks: “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”Form Each of the seven parts of “Ode to the West Wind”contains five stanzas—four three-line stanzas and a two-line couplet, all metered in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima, the three-line rhyme scheme employed by Dante in his Divine Comedy. In the three-line terza rima stanza, the first and third lines rhyme, and the middle line does not; then the end sound of that middle line is employed as the rhyme for the first and third lines in the next stanza. The final couplet rhymes with the middle line of the last three-line stanza. Thus each of the seven parts of “Ode to the West Wind”follows this scheme: ABA BCB CDC DED EE. Commentary The wispy, fluid terza rima of “Ode to the West Wind”finds Shelley taking a long thematic leap beyond the scope of “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,”and incorporating his own art into his meditation on beauty and the natural world. Shelley invokes the wind magically, describing its power and its role as both “destroyer and preserver,”and asks the wind to sweep him out of his torpor “as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!”In the fifth section, the poet then takes a remarkable turn, transforming the wind into a metaphor for his own art, the expressive capacity that drives “dead thoughts”like “withered leaves”over the universe, to “quicken a new birth”—that is, to quicken the coming of the spring. Here the spring season is a metaphor for a “spring”of human consciousness, imagination, liberty, or morality—all the things Shelley hoped his art could help to bring about in the human mind. Shelley asks the wind to be his spirit, and in the same movement he makes it his metaphorical spirit, his poetic faculty, which will play him like a musical instrument, the way the wind strums the leaves of the trees. The thematic implication is significant: whereas the older generation of Romantic poets viewed nature as a source of truth and authentic experience, the younger generation largely viewed nature as a source of beauty and aesthetic experience. In this poem, Shelley explicitly links nature with art by finding powerful natural metaphors with which to express his ideas about the power, import, quality, and ultimate effect of aesthetic expression
【原发表于商务印书馆《英语世界》2013年第1期】 雪莱《西风颂》译论 辜正坤 Ode to the West Wind By Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4,1792 – July 8,1822) I1 O wild West Wind,2thou breath of Autumn's being, 3 Thou, from whose unseen presence4the leaves dead 5 Are driven, like ghosts6from an enchanter7fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, 8 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, 9 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed 10 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow 11 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill 12 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: 13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; 14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, O hear! II15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion, 16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, 17
Name：段曦Class：英语0901 Number：08 On the Image of Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” As the most famous representative of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s thoughts and feelings, “ode to the west wind” sets up strong and powerful image of the west wind as the destroyer and the preserver, showing the poet’s critical attitude towards the ugly social reality of his days and his faith in a bright future for humanity. ●Part 1 (stanza 1~3) The effects of the west wind The first stanza begins with the alliteration (“wild West Wind”) which indicates that the wind is vigorous and powerful. The “Wild Spirit”is both“the Destroyer”and“the Preserver”. This autumnal wind is personified as human being (“breath of autumn’s being”), because only our humans have the revolutionary power to destroy the old society which is symbolized by “the leaves dead”and create a new world symbolized by “the winged seeds”. The second stanza describes the wind’s activity on the clouds in the sky. The “clouds” are “Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean” by the influence of the wind, getting together with the “black rain and fire and hail”, which probably heralds a revolutionary storm to ruin the corruptive old things. The third stanza focuses on the tremendous force of the wind on the waves. “The blue Mediterranean” symbolizes the rulers who were being lulled into a false sense of security in the 19th century by “his chrystalline streams”and “azure moss and flowers”. All this looks peaceful, but suddenly the peaceful waves are shaken by the west wind and ultimately are cleaved into the powerful tides (“the Atlantic’s level powers”). ●Part 2 (stanza 4~5) The poet’s eagerness and optimistic belief In the fourth stanza, the first three sentences are in subjunctive mood. The poet applies the subjunctive to feel the power influenced by the wind (“share the impulse of thy strength”), to be free like the wind (“wandering over Heaven”), and to show his eagerness to enjoy the boundless uncontrollable spirit of the wind (“like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud”). The word “comrade”implies that the poet want to be a companion of the west wind to overcome the difficulties of life (“the thorns of life”). The last stanza is the climax of the poem. Shelley compares his poem to “incantation”, and he wants to be lyre to play his words by which his curse and criticism to the society’s darkness and viciousness can be expressed completely. He wishes the wind to scatter his words among mankind (“Be through my lips to unawakened Earth”). At this point, Shelley also indicates the west wind’s power of transmitting the great
从诗歌《西风颂》中看到的中英跨文化差异与交流 摘要：跨文化是指跨越不同国家不同民族界线的文化。而诗歌是一个国家语言的浓缩，它以最凝炼的文字传递了时间与空间、物质与精神、理智与情感，其中的文化因素是理解和欣赏诗歌的关键。本文通过英文诗《西风颂》的比喻试图从中西方在地理位置、宗教信仰、传统文化渊源、历史文化特色与思维方式等方面的差异来说明中英跨文化交流。 关键词：文化差异；跨文化交际；交流 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的体现。从某种意义上讲，从一种语言中，可以了解到另一种文化。“跨文化是指具有两种及其以上不同文化背景的群体之间的交互作用。“跨文化交际”的英语名称是”intercultural communication”或“cross-cultural communication”。它指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际，也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。诗歌的语言是思想的重要表达方式之一，是深厚文化的蕴含，通过诗歌我们可以看出不同语言之间的文化差异。在跨文化交际过程中，了解并把握目的语国家的文化、价值观等，有助于消除文化差异导致的交际障碍，保证交际顺利进行。 一、从《西风颂》中看到的地域不同带来的中英文化差异 许多对待人生持乐观态度的中国人，遇到挫折困难时都会引用一段著名诗句以自勉：“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”但是，真正知
道它出自英国诗人雪莱的《西风颂》（ode to the west wind）的人，估计就不多了；而通过雪莱了解到英国人眼中的西风像什么样子，从而明白他们为什么歌颂西风的人，也许就更少。 不同的民族所处的不同地理位置也给表示自然环境的词汇带来 了不同的文化内涵。由于所处的地域不同，相应地就有不同的自然条件和地理环境。地理环境的不同会引起文化上的个性和差异，形成一些独特的文化概念。这些文化差异都在诗歌语言中体现出来，对英汉翻译产生一定的影响。例如，中国东临大海，西部为高山，所以在中国，“东风”是“春天的风”，“西风”却是凛冽的。而英国的地理环境与中国相反，英国西临大西洋，报告春天消息的却是西风。西风在英国人心中是温暖宜人的。英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》就是对温暖西风的讴歌：“it‘s a warm wind，the west wind，full of bird’s cries”(那是温暖的风，温暖的西风，伴随着百鸟欢唱)。在交流中中要充分理解这些差异，才能更好地理解西方国家的文化。中国著名诗人南唐后主李煜的名句“小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中”中提到的“东风”与《西风颂》中的西风都代表着冬天的信使，预示着冬天的即将来临，尽管两首诗在氛围、精神等方面上是决然相反的。 二、历史背景差异下的跨文化交流 与地理环境一样，中西文化的历史背景也会反映在语言中。在英语中，与dutch有关的词语往往带有贬义。如dutch act(自杀)，
查良铮译本 西风颂 第一节 哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！ 你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避： 黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨， 呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你 以车驾把有翼的种子催送到 黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里， 像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起 她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍， （唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中） 将色和香充满了山峰和平原。 不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行； 破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！第二节 没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱， 流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯 脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。 成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落 在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面， 有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁， 从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿 直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳 欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年 你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜 将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶， 里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结； 那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌 黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！
第三节 是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒， 而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天， 被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦， 就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边， 它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁 在水天辉映的波影里抖颤， 而且都生满青苔、开满花朵， 那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你 让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波 把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底 那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林 虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力； 听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青： 一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！ 第四节 哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起， 假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾， 是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息， 假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如 你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！ 假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞 便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空 （因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄， 似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今 这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。 哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！ 我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！ 这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命 原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。 第五节 把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林： 尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！ 你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
A Stylistic Analysis of Ode to the West Wind Class 3, Name:XXX, Student Number: XXXXXXXXXX Abstract:Ode to the West Wind is the most famous lyric poetry of Shelley, a well-known English romantic poet. In this poem, Shelley applied many figures of speech, combined scenery-depicting and emotion-expressing. The lively rhythm, effusive emotion and profound meaning unified the form and the content. This paper tries to analyze in the following three aspects----Firstly, at phonetic level, to illustrate that this poem render atmosphere and express ideological purpose by acoustics, mainly in rhyme and pause. Secondly, at lexical level, this poem applied simile, metaphor and personification to make unreal images more specific and vivid, make flat words full of strong infection. Last, at syntactic level, from the structural analysis of the inversion, repetition and rhetorical question in this poem, we know clearer about the relationship between forms and contents. Key Words: Phonetic level; lexical level; syntactic level; forms; contents 1 Introduction “Using proper words in proper places, and this is the real definition of style.”From the definition of style that Swift gave. We can make a comprehension that the language expression way of a literary work is the most remarkable style. As the old Chinese saying goes, “the style is the man”. By reading the words and phrases of a work, it is no wonder that we can guess the creating time and author of the work. For instance, the writing style of Elizabethan Age is full of passion and romantic color, and integrated and unified in structure. The style of Hemingway is clear, concise and simple in sentence structure. But we cannot treat different things as the same; we don’t exclude the