It作形式宾语
代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句
He found it difficult to stop smoking
I think it best that you should do more exercise.
She thought it no good worrying about him
1.It 用作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it只起引导作用，无意义。
形式宾语
……
find possible
1.S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause.
feel important
a rule
2. S+ V + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause
an honour
…
3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth。
no use
完成句子
1）They ________________（发觉……难）to finish their work in two days.
（2）We ________________（认为……是我们的职责）to clean our classroom every day. （3）It is important _______（对她来说）to come to the party.
作形式宾语( Preparatory Subject )
为了记忆方便我们把该句型总结为"6123结构"。
6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；
1指的是形式宾语it；
2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或从句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
1.The fact that she was foreign made ____difficult for her to get a job in that country .(2010.辽宁）
A. So
B. much
C. that
D. it
2. The doctor thought ____would be good for to have a holiday .（2010.全国II)
A. this B .that C . one D . It
3. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90)
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
4.It 作形式宾语的特殊用法
1>. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate
等后往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.
We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.
要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.
要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。
2>.某些含有介词的动词短语如see to, depend on, answer for, rely on, insist on, look
to, stick to 等结构中往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句. I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.
我将负责按时做好一切准备。
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。)
I’m counting on it that you will come. 我指望着你会来。
1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
2. I hate __when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98)
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
It 作形式主语
代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit .
It is easy to become addicted to smoking .
it is no good crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)
2. It 用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
1. It+ be +adj.+主语从句
这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
注意：如若形容词为important / necessary，good/wrong natural...表达一种要求，命令或者责备时，多使用虚拟语气（should +V).但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。不过考试建议你还是多用虚拟语气
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words
2. It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句，
这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，如：
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
注意：如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词如：suggested/ ordered / demanded /insisted / commanded... 等时that后的从句要用虚拟语（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；
常译为，“据建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
3. It + be + 名词词组+ 主语从句
这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
注意：如若表示出乎意料之意时,从句一般用虚拟语气常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class
4. It + 不及物动词+ 主语从句
这类不及物动词有：appear,seem happen，matter等。译为好像……/碰巧……/如：
?It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
?It happened that I was out when he called.
5. It + be + 形容词+ （for sb.）+ 动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，译为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”如：It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
6. It + be + 形容词+ of sb. + 动词不定式
这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：
?It’s very kind of you to help me with the wor k.
=You are kind to help me.
?It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.
=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.
7. It + be +名词词组+ 动词不定式，如：
It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
8. It + be + 名词或形容词+ 动名词，
这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of…, useless, senseless等，如：It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，译为，做某事花了某人多长时间或多少钱。如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.
It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
实战练习
1. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
2. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
3. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88)
A. everyone
B. this
C. her
D. it
4. _____ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.
A. It
B. I
C. We
D. They
5. It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.
A. to go
B. to be going
C. going
D. having gone
6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
7. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91)
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
8、(2006,全国Ⅱ) It is no __ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use
B. help
C. time
D. way
9.(2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “__ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
A、This is
B、There is
C、That is
D、It is
新希望英语语法精讲------“I t”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie 的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come 的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
it用作形式宾语 1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。 We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构” 7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take. 1指的是形式宾语it . 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. XiaoLi felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。You will find it pleasant working here.你将发现在这里工作是很愉快的。 2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构“下面的几个结构希望大家认真识记下来” (1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
?Never be afraid of grammar ?Collect some examples; ?Watch them very carefully; ?Find out something in common; ?Try to use the rules ---- practise. it用法完全归纳 一、it 作人称代词的用法 1.指事物 作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如： I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。 It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 “Where is the dog?”“It’s in the bedroom. ”“狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。 2.指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如： Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。 【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说It’s me。
3.代替某些代词 代词it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等。如： “What’s this?”“It’s a new machine. ”“这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。 Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗? 二、it 作非人称代词的用法 1.基本用法 it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如： It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。 It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。 2.用于某些句型 It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。 It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。 It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。 It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”) It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
讲解：it作形式宾语的四个特殊句式 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。 但是，以下几种形式宾语比较特殊，同学们需引起注意（同时它们也是高考的常考考点）： 1. 动词+ it + that-从句。如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defiance minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。 2. 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如： I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so m uch work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。 3. 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如： See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。 I can’t answer f or it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。 You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。 4. 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如： I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。 I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。
It作形式主语和形式宾语，虽然是我们高中就学过的语法点，但在考研英语题型中，无论是在阅读还是翻译，常会考查该知识点。 一.it作形式主语。 英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长，使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻，这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后边去，使全句结构上前后平衡。“it”并无实际意义。It之后的谓语部分，可以是be+形容词，be+名词(词组)，或be+过去分词等。 it 作形式主语，主要分为下列三种情况：不定式作主语、动名词作主语和名词从句作主语。具体分析如下： 一、不定式作真正主语主要用于下列句型： 1. It + is/was + adj./n.+ to do sth. A.名词作表语。主要有a pity, a pleasure, an idea等。 It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法 除be外，其他动词也有跟名词的情况。例如： It seems a pity to waste the food. 浪费这些食物真可惜。 B. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。分两种情况： 1.下列形容词；kind,good,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,unwise,stupid,rude,careless,cruel,brave ,naughty,polite,selfish等词作表语时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。例如： It was foolish of you to leave school.你中途退学，真是傻瓜。 2. 其他形容词作表语，常见的形容词有：necessary, hard，important, difficult, easy, possible，common等。 It is necessary to learn English. 需要注意的是：动词不定式作主语，一般情况下用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式（从句）放在后面。也可以直接用不定式作主语。例如： It is wrong to tell lies. = To tell lies is wrong. 撒谎是不对的。 但在疑问句和感叹句中，只能用it作形式主语。例如：
1. 我认为每天做运动很有必要。(1—3用find it adj to do ) __________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我在交朋友上有麻烦，我发现和别人交流很困难。 __________________________________________________________________________ 3. 如果你对英语感兴趣，你会发现学习英语很容易。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我建议你多参加课外活动。(4—11用宾语从句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. 我建议你养成每天读英语的好习惯. ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. 老师要求我们不能考试作弊。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. 他们要求我们不能把车停放在这里。___________________________________________ 8. 老师命令我们充分利用时间去丰富我们的知识。 __________________________________________________________________________ 9. 我命令他不要花费太多时间玩电脑。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 10. 他妈妈坚持要求他穿上外套。_________________________________________________ 11. 小男孩坚持说他没偷钱，坚决要求被立刻释放。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. 我认为向别人学习很有必要。（12---14think/find it adj +宾语从句） ___________________________________________________________________________ 13. 我发现我们养成好的习惯很重要。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 14. 我发现我们向老师寻求帮助很有必要。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 15. 我使每天早点起床成为一个习惯。(make it a habit that+宾语从句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 16. 老师使保持教室干净成为我们的责任。(make it a duty that+宾语从句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 17. 他考试失败的原因是他没努力学习。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 18. 我申请这份工作的原因是我适合这份工作。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 19. 很显然他考得很好。 (It is obvious that…)_________________________________________ 20. 千真万确我没说谎。
英语“it”作形式宾语的动词 think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard/take it for granted /see to... hate/like/appreciate/enjoy/love/dislike/prefer/have/put take... (like,have,take,put等v常见于v-it-that...；其他v常见于v-it-if/when...) sentence patterns: 1.S+find/think/feel...+it+possible/necessary/important...+(for sb.)to do sth./clause. 2.S+V+it+a rule/one’s duty/an hour...+(for sb.)to do sth./clause. 3.S+V+it+no good/no use+doing sth. 1.I find it pleasant to work with him. (it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him) 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 2.They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time） 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。 3.She thinks it her duty to help us. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us） 她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。 4.I think it my honor to be invited to speak here. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here） 我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。 5.Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese） 汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。 6.All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to go on with the work） 这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 7.I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 8.I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。 一、基本用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时宜自勉，岁月不待人。 it用作形式宾语的四个特殊句式 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。 I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）He makes it a rule never to borrow money.（他立志决不向别人借钱。） I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。） We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important to learn English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 能这样用的动词有：think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 但是，以下几种用it作形式宾语的句型比较特殊，同学们需引起注意（同时它们也是高考的常考考点）： 1. 动词+ it + that-从句。如： I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put等。 2. 动词+ it + when (if)-从句。某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate ，dislike, appreciate, prefer等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，如： I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。 3. 动词+ prep + it + that-从句。that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。如： See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。 I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。 You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语 “It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 . It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. . It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. . It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. . It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that …. . It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 . Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow (他们明天不来很重要吗) Is it true that he will go abroad next week (他下周出国是真的吗) ⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。 . It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。) How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间) I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。) 二、It 用作形式宾语
把握“it”用作形式宾语的特殊结构（附答案） 在英语中，当动词不定式、动名词或从句在句中充当宾语且其后又带有宾语补足语时，习惯上要在宾语补足语前使用一个没有具体意义的形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面，构成“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式（动名词或从句）”结构。如： She felt it her duty (to take good care of them). 括号内为真正宾语 她感到好好照顾他们是她的责任。 I think it no good going there now. 我认为现在去那里没有好处。 The headmaster has made it clear (that the school meeting will not be put off). 校长说得很清楚校会不会推迟。 但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。 I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998) A. it B. that C. these D. them (答案为: A) 我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。 I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (全国卷2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one (答案为: C) 我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。 以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。 A. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. 要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。 I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work. 要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。 B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后。 I take it that they will succeed sooner or later. 我认为他们迟早会成功的。 The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt. 报上说一些日本商号破产了。 C. 动词+ it + 介词短语+ that从句。常见于bring it to one's attention; owe it to sb; take it for granted 等结构中。 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。 Don't take it for granted that they will support you. 不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。 D. 动词+ 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。 I'll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我将负责按时做好一切准备。 You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. 你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。 E. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。 I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995. 我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。 They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place. 他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。
it作形式宾语： it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句；②有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件，形式宾语it一定要用。 ⒈it代替不定式短语 think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词+ 不定式短语，如： ①I find it pleasant to work with him.(it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him) 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。 ②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time） 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。 ③She thinks it her duty to help us.（it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us） 她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。 ④I think it my honor to be invited to speak here. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here） 我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。 ⑤Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese） 汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。 ⑥All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. （it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to go on with the work） 这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 ⒉it代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些)，如： ①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。 ②Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试会有好处吗？ ③He found it useless( no use) arguing with him. 他发现和他辩论没有用。 ④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。 ⑤I don’t thi nk it worthwhile going to such a place. 到这样一个地方去我看是不值得的。 ⒊it代替宾语从句：如： ①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。 ②I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来的了。 ③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。
it作形式主语和形式宾语 it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。 ㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中： It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间 It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务 如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law） ②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese） ③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps） ④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge） ⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people） ⑥It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need） ⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job） ◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.： 如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语，则sb.前应用介词of，否则就用for。如：①It’s n ecessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
It作形式宾语练习 1. --- Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert? --- Yes, but I don’t like ______ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don’t like. A. this B. that C. those D. it 2.Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working? A. it B. you C. him D. this 3. I took ____ for granted that he would believe in us. A. that B. the thing C. it D. this 4. She finds ____ boring ____ at home. A. it; staying B. that; being stayed C. this; to stay D. it; stayed 5. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them 6. They have made __ a rule __in the room. A. this; not to smoke B. it; smoking C. it; to not smoke D. it; not to smoke 7.（全国）The doctor thought ___________would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it 8. The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country A so B. much C. that D. it 9. （天津）He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A.this B.that C.one D.it 10.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_________her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. it D. these 11.I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 12. The chairman thought_____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him Answer: DACAA DDDDC BB It 课件系列练习—Mr.Wang.