人事部三级笔译（CATTI）2007.11英译汉真题
One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.
In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face.
But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies. Andy acted more outgoing with them, more relaxed. People in Chilhowie noticed that.
It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C's and D's, and college never felt like home, anyway.
"I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck," Mr. Blevins recalled. "I just knew I didn't want to quit."
So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.
Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20's now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960's, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most come from poor and working-class families.
That gap had grown over recent years. "We need to recognize that the most serious domestic problem in the United States today is the widening gap between the children of the rich and the children of the poor," Lawrence H. Summers, the president of Harvard, said last year when announcing that Harvard would give full scholarships to all its lowest-income students. "And education is the most powerful weapon we have to address that problem."
Andy Blevins says that he too knows the importance of a degree. Ten years after trading college for the warehouse, Mr. Blevins, 29, spends his days at the same supermarket company. He has worked his way up to produce buyer, earning $35,000 a year with health benefits and a 401(k) plan. He is on a path typical for someone who attended college without getting a four-year degree. Men in their early 40's in this category made an average of $42,000 in 2000. Those with a four-year degree made $65,000.
Mr. Blevins says he has many reasons to be happy. He lives with his wife, Karla, and their year-old son, Lucas, in a small blue-and-yellow house in the middle of a stunningly picturesque Appalachian valley.
"Looking back, I wish I had gotten that degree," Mr. Blevins said in his soft-spoken lilt. "Four years seemed like a thousand years then. But I wish I would have just put in my four years."
Why so many low-income students fall from the college ranks is a question without a simple answer. Many high schools do a poor job of preparing teenagers for college. Tuition bills scare some students from even applying and leave others with years of debt. To Mr. Blevins, like many other students of limited means, every week of going to classes seemed like another week of losing money .
"The system makes a false promise to students," said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.
One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.
安迪布莱文思曾做过的最大的、同时也是他现在极少为之后悔的决定之一，看起来一点也不像个决定。倒像是自然而然做的事。
In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face.
1995年夏天，他在一家超市的仓库上班，把汤罐头、纸巾和狗粮箱子在地板上搬来搬去，这家超市是弗吉尼亚西南部最大的建筑物之一。天气酷热。他刚到这开始第一个学年时，希望在暑期挣点外快，这份工作在那时显得不可思议。当时他还是个瘦得皮包骨的十几岁的小伙子，有着沙质金发和瘦削的布满雀斑的脸。
But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies. Andy acted more outgoing with them, more relaxed. People in Chilhowie noticed that.
但是，他明白应该把坚苦的工作干好，即使他是他家族的第一个大学生。很快，他挣的钱高达6.75美元一小时，比他父母挣得都多。他有女友和同乡作伴。安迪待他们更友好宽容。芝尔豪伊镇的人注意到了。
It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C’s and D’s, and college never felt like home, anyway.
这只是个完美的夏天。于是一丝念头闪过他的脑海，兴许这一切不必结束，兴许他可以暂时休学继续工作。他的学业成绩得了一些C和D，无论如何，大学从来不像家里。
"I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck," Mr. Blevins recalled. "I just knew I didn’t want to quit."
“我喜欢努力干活，完成工作，挣一份薪水，”布莱文思回忆说。“我只知道我不想离开。”
So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and
fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.
于是他反而退了学，随之加入了美国最大和成长最快的年轻人群体之一。他成了辍学生，尽管未毕业也许是更准确的定义。
Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20’s now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960’s, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most come from poor and working-class families.
很多像他那样的人计划重新取得学位，即使实际上很少人那么做。20岁左右的美国人几乎有三分之一成为这个群体中的一员，高于20世纪60年代的五分之一，那时人口调查局开始保存这一数据。其中大部分人出生于穷人和工薪阶层家庭。
That gap had grown over recent years. "We need to recognize that the most serious domestic problem in the United States today is the widening gap between the children of the rich and the children of the poor," Lawrence H. Summers, the president of Harvard, said last year when announcing that Harvard would give full scholarships to all its lowest-income students. "And education is the most powerful weapon we have to address that problem."
最近几年这种差距已扩大。“我们必须意识到，美国今天最严重的国内问题是日益分化的贫富孩子之间的差距，”哈佛校长劳伦斯.H夏默尔在宣称哈佛应给所有收入最低的学生颁发全额奖学金时说。“教训是解决这一问题的最强有力的武器。”
Andy Blevins says that he too knows the importance of a degree. Ten years after trading college for the warehouse, Mr. Blevins, 29, spends his days at the same supermarket company. He has worked his way up to produce buyer, earning $35,000 a year with health benefits and a 401(k) plan. He is on a path typical for someone who attended college without getting a four-year degree. Men in their early 40’s in this category made an average of $42,000 in 2000. Those with a four-year degree made $65,000.
安迪布莱文思说他也知道学位的重要性。在拿大学生涯换仓库工作的十年后，已29岁的布莱文思先生，仍在同一家超市工作。他干到了产品采购，年薪35000美元，有健康保险和一份401（k）计划。他走的路，是那些进入大学却未取得4年学位的人走的一条典型的路。2000年，40多岁的此类人平均年薪为42000万美元。而那些取得了4年学位的人年薪则为65000美元。
Mr. Blevins says he has many reasons to be happy. He lives with his wife, Karla, and their year-old son, Lucas, in a small blue-and-yellow house in the middle of a stunningly picturesque Appalachian valley.
布莱文思先生说他有很多理由高兴。他同他的妻子卡拉及周岁的儿子卢卡斯，住在风景如画的阿巴拉契亚山谷中部的一座蓝黄相间的小房子里。
"Looking back, I wish I had gotten that degree," Mr. Blevins said in his soft-spoken lilt. "Four years seemed like a thousand years then. But I wish I would have just put in my four years."
“回想起来，我希望我已经取得了那个学位，”布莱文思先生轻快地说。“那时4年似乎像1000年。但是我希望自己只是投入了4年。”
Why so many low-income students fall from the college ranks is a question without a simple answer. Many high schools do a poor job of preparing teenagers for college. Tuition bills scare some students from even applying and leave others with years of debt. To Mr. Blevins, like many other students of limited means, every week of going to classes seemed like another week of losing money .
为什么如此多的低收入学生辍学，这是一个没有简单答案的问题。许多高中在将青少年送进大学的准备工作上没做好。学费吓得学生甚至不敢申请，或让其他入学的人欠下多年的债。布莱文思先生，像其他门路有限的学生一样，每周去上课，就像每周在赔钱。
"The system makes a false promise to students," said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.
“教育体制给了学生们一个虚假的承诺，”弗吉尼亚大学校长约翰.T.卡斯廷三世说，他本人是一个弗吉尼亚船厂工人的儿子。
人事部三级笔译（CATTI）2008.5英译汉真题
Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From Fields
欧洲竞相从农田获取燃料
ARDEA, Italy —The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.
阿尔代亚，意大利——上个生长季节，罗马近郊植物葱茏的靠海农田，遍布成排的纤细的硬质小麦，过去用于制作高品质意粉。今天，这里却长满了油菜花，一种高高的、多节的类似杂草的、盛开野黄花的植物。它已经成为上帝赐给欧洲农民的一种新的作物：因为油菜籽能被转变为生物燃料。
Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources —and a measure of concern about the future of the planet —Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years.
在丰厚补贴的驱动下，人们正在开发各种可替代能源——这是对地球未来一定程度的关注——欧洲农民正开始种植可转换为燃料的作物，这意味着比汽油或石油产生更少的排放物。他们正在追随美国同伴，后者种植用于生物燃料的作物已超过5年。
“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,”said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we hope it helps the environment, too.”
“这对我们的经济和农田，是一种急需的激励，”50岁的农民马赛罗.皮尼，站在他第一次种植的油菜籽田前面说，“当然，我们也希望这有助于环境。”
In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target”requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 —the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.
3月，对生物燃料产业成长缓慢感到失望的欧洲委员会，批准了一条包括“约束力目标”的指令，要求成员国到2020年时，生物燃料占运输用燃料的10％——这是世界上最雄心勃勃和具体的目标。
Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.
大部分欧洲国家还远远未实现这一目标，正引入激励和补贴，以提高产量。
As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable crop in several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds — nearly twice the 11 to 12 euros for 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant
biofuel crops on “set aside” fields, land that Europe’s agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.
结果，生物能源作物已取代粮食，成为几个欧洲国家最有利可图的作物。例如，意大利在这方面，政府保证以每100公斤22欧元或13.42美元的价格购买生物燃料作物——这几乎是2006年公开市场上每100公斤小麦11或12欧元价格的两倍。更好的是，农民可以在“搁置”地上种植生物燃料作物，欧洲的农业政策曾要求这些地休耕。
But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boom produces benefits as well as trade-offs and risks —including higher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have nearly doubled.
但是，联合国粮农组织召集的专家组指出，生物燃料热潮有利有弊，需要权衡——包括跌宕起伏的粮食价格波动。在一些市场，谷物价格已几乎翻番。
“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,”said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we’re seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.”
“一旦农产品价格降低，生物燃料就会进入，改善农民的命运，并给农村地区注入活力，”位于罗马的粮农组织专家古斯塔罗.贝斯特说。“但随着规模增长，对生物燃料作物的需求似乎无穷无尽，我们看到一些负面影响，需要举起黄灯。”
Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. “An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food,”she s aid. “So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportun ity.”
联合国世界粮食计划在2006年养活了近9000万人，其新领导人乔塞特希兰说生物燃料制造了新问题。“粮食价格的增长对我们造成了冲击，因为我们是粮食的主要生产者，”她说。“因此，生物燃料挑战与机遇并存。”
In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.
供应商说，在欧洲，成熟后的小麦或大麦改为像油菜籽那样的生物燃料作物，已经引起了制作意粉和酿造啤酒所需的配料短缺。这转化为了超级市场里更高的价格。
“New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,”said Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. “Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to historical highs.”
“对生物能源产品新的和不断增长的需求，已给整个世界粮食市场施加了高压，”意大利最大的意粉制造商之一、百得阿姨的发言人克劳迪亚科蒂说。“不仅德国的啤酒制造商，而且墨西哥的玉米饼生产者，都已注意到他们主要的原材料成本增长迅速，已达历史最高水平。”
Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.
一些专家更担心其对低收入消费者的潜在冲击。农业小组断定，在发展中国家，如果荒地转为种植生物燃料作物，这种以富国为目的、向更多高利润生物燃料作物转变的做法，可
能造成严重的饥饿，并损害环境。
But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent some of the price and supply problems seen in American markets.
但欧洲委员会的官员说，他们正在寻求一种审慎的进程，它将避免在美国市场上看见的一些价格和供应问题。
In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the European agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent target was “not a shot in the dark,”but was carefully chosen to encourage a level of growth for the biofuel industry that would not produce undue hardship for Europe’s poor.
欧洲农业和农村发展委员会的马里兰.菲舍尔.波伊尔，在最近一次演讲中说，10％目标并非“误打误撞，”但是小心选择一个增长水平以促进生物燃料产业，并不会给欧洲的穷人产生过度困难。
She calculated that this approach would push up world raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed might rise 5 percent to 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.
她估计2020年前，这种做法将把世界谷物原材料价格提高3％至6％，而含油种子的价格可能增长5％到18％。但她说货架上的食品价格几乎不变。
Yet even as the European program begins to harvest biofuels in greater volume, homegrown production is still far short of what is needed to reach the 10 percent goal: Europe’s farmers produced an estimated 2.9 billion liters, or 768 million gallons, of biofuel in 2004, far shy of the 3.4 billion gallons generated in the United States in the period. In 2005, biofuel accounted for around 1 percent of Europe’s fuel, according to European statistics, with almost all of that in Germany and Sweden. The biofuel share in Italy was 0.51 percent, and in Britain, 0.18 percent.
然而即使欧洲的计划已开始大量收获生物燃料，本地产量仍然远远低于需要的10％目标：2004年欧洲农民预计生产了29亿升或7.68亿加仑生物燃料，远低于美国同期生产的34亿加仑。根据欧洲的统计数据，2005年，生物燃料已占到欧洲燃料的1％，德国和瑞典几乎全采用了。意大利的生物燃料份额为0.51％，英国的是0.18％。
That could pose a threat to European markets as foreign producers like Brazil or developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia try to ship their biofuels to markets where demand, subsidies and tax breaks are the greatest.
巴西那样的外国生产商或印度尼西亚及马来西亚那样的发展中国家，试图将他们的生物燃料用船运输到那些需求、补贴和减税最大的市场，这可能对欧洲市场造成了威胁。
Ms. Fischer Boel recently acknowledged that Europe would have to import at least a third of what it would need to reach its 10 percent biofuels target. Politicians fear that could hamper development of a local industry, while perversely generating tons o f new emissions as “green” fuel is shipped thousands of kilometers across the Atlantic, instead of coming from the farm next door.
菲舍尔.波伊尔女士最近承认，为达到10％目标，欧洲将不得不至少进口所需生物燃料的1/3。政治家担心其将妨碍本地产业的发展，而持续产生新排放物的“绿色”燃料跨越大西洋不远千里地运来，却不是来自隔壁的农场。
Such imports could make biofuel far less green in other ways as well —for example if Southeast Asian rainforest is destroyed for cropland.
这样的进口可能使生物燃料在其他方面也远远达不到环保——例如，如果东南亚的雨林毁于生物燃料作物的耕作。
Brazil, a country with a perfect climate for sugar cane and vast amounts of land, started with subsidies years ago to encourage the farming of sugarcane for biofuels, partly to take up “excess capacity”in its flagging agricultural sector.
巴西拥有适于甘蔗生长的完美气候和大量耕地，数年前就开始发放补贴以鼓励用于生物燃料的甘蔗的耕作，在其标志性的农业部门部分地产生了“产能过剩”。
The auto industry jumped in, too. In 2003, Brazilian automakers started producing flex-fuel cars that could run on biofuels, including locally produced ethanol. Today, 70 percent of new cars in the country are flex-fuel models, and Brazil is one of the largest growers of cane for ethanol.
汽车工业也牵涉进来。2003年，巴西的汽车制造商开始生产能用生物燃料驱动的弹性燃料汽车，包括本地生产的酒精。今天，该国70％的新汽车属弹性燃料车型，巴西是最大的酒精用甘蔗的生产国之一。
Analysts are unsure if the Brazilian achievement can be replicated in Europe —or anywhere else. Sugar takes far less energy to convert to biofuel than almost any product.
分析家并不确定巴西的成就是否能在欧洲或其他任何地方复制。糖转换为生物燃料所需的能源比其他任何产品都少。
Yet after a series of alarming reports on climate change, the political urgency to move faster is clearly growing.
然而在一系列令人震惊的关于气候变化的报告后，更快行动起来的政治紧迫感明显增加了。
With an armload of incentives, the Italian government hopes that 70,000 hectares, or 173,000 acres, of land will be planted with biofuel crops in 2007, and 240,000 hectares in 2010, up from zero in 2006.
意大利政府希望从2006年的零公顷起，2007年会增加到7万公顷或17万3千英亩土地用于种植生物燃料作物，2010年升至24万公顷，
Mr. Pini, the farmer, has converted about 25 percent of his land, or 18 hectares, including his “set aside”land, to Europe’s fastest-growing biofuel crop, rapeseed. He still has 50 hectares in grain and 7 in olives.
农民皮尼先生，已经把他25％、或18公顷的土地，转为欧洲增长最快的生物燃料作物，包括他的“搁置的”土地。他仍然有50公顷地种谷物和7公顷地种橄榄。
He has discovered other advantages as well. In Italy’s finicky food culture, food crops have to look good and be high quality to sell—a drought or undue heat can mean an off year. Crops for fuel, in contrast, can be ugly or stunted.
他也发现了其他益处。在意大利过分讲究的饮食文化中，粮食作物要卖，必须卖相好，质量高——干旱或酷热意味着一年绝收。相比之下燃料作物可以其貌不扬或发育矮小。
“You need fewer seeds and it’s much easier to grow,”he said.
“你需要更少的种子，它更容易生长，”他说。
2008年11月人事部三级笔译英译汉试题及参考答案
1．LONGYEARBYEN, Norway —With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.
挪威朗伊尔城——随着植物物种正在以骇人听闻的速度灭绝，科学家和各国政府正在创建全球网络性的植物库来储存种子和苗芽。人类可以利用这些珍贵的种芽资源确保充足的食物供应，以应对气候变化。
2．This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.
本周，作为这种不懈努力的旗舰机构，“全球种子地库”接收了首批数百万种的种子。该地库建于北极的一座白雪皑皑的大山之中，其目标是储存和保护世界各地收藏的各类种子样本。
3．As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds —peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico —reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.
截至周四，成千上万个堆放整齐且贴有标签的灰色种盒在上釉的洞穴式结构中安家落户，如尼日利亚的豌豆、墨西哥的玉米。这些盒子就如已经备份了的电脑硬盘，以防世界上的植物物种会因自然灾害和人为破坏而消失。
4．Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.
通往种子地库的入口隧道，位于永冻带下约500英尺处，其设计旨在防御爆炸和地震。自动化数字监控系统用于控制温度并提供类似导弹发射井或福特诺克斯军事基地的安全保障。任何人都不单独拥有进入种子库的全部密码。
5．The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored.
目前，世界上很多人士致力于收集种子及其种子基因的信息并使之系统化，全球种子地库是这种全球性努力的的一个缩影。气候变化专家称，这些信息要比金子还要贵重。在比利时的鲁汶，科学家正在搜集世界上的香蕉样本并将香蕉芽保存在液体氮中，以防其灭绝。法国也正在进行类似的努力，保护咖啡物种。很多植物，大多数是来自热带地区的植物，无法通过种子繁殖，不能产生可供储存的种子。
6．For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections
in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.
多年来，很多庞杂的种子库网络一直以随意的方式收集种子和苗芽。例如，墨西哥的实验室收藏玉米种，尼日利亚的实验室收藏木薯种。现在，正对这些分散的努力进行亟需的整合和系统化操作。之所以可以这样做，部分原因是储存植物基因技术的更新，部分原因是气候变化的警钟继续长鸣及其对世界粮食产量的影响。
7．“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,”said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn’t anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.
卡里·福勒是一家负责管理种子库的非营利性组织全球作物多样性托管会的总裁，他说：“我们是在‘9·11’事件之后、尤其是卡特里娜飓风之后，开始有这个构想的。”他还说：“每个人都在问：为什么事先不作好迎接飓风的准备呢？我们明明知道会发生飓风的。”
8．“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day —it’s a kind of drip, drip, drip. It’s also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”
他指出：“喏，我们每天都在损失生物多样性——一点一滴地在损失。这种损失没有止步的迹象，我们必须为此做点什么。”
9．This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of pla nts’ gene tic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world’s 1,200 banana types. “We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast, we’re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”
本周，由于小麦价格上升到最高纪录水平和小麦储存量下滑到35年来最低水平，更加突出了这个问题的紧迫性。由于一连串的干旱及新的疾病，世界很多地方的小麦产量下降。罗尼·斯文奈恩博士现任比利时鲁汶天主教大学作物生物技术部主任，他保存了世界上1200种香蕉种的一半以上。斯文奈恩博士说：“植物基因资源正在受到快速侵蚀。”他还指出：“我们正处于关键时刻，如果不迅速采取行动，我们将失去很多我们需要的植物物种。”
10．The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.
已于2004年获得批准的联合国国际植物基因资源条约创建了一个正式的全球网络，旨在对种子进行储存和共享并对其遗传特征进行研究。去年，有成千上万的新种子在其数据库安家
落户。
11．A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.
由于植物库系统能够识别出那些对环境变化适应能力较强的基因物质和植物种类，因而这种系统能在应对气候危机中发挥至关重要的作用。
12．Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.
本周，数以百计的装有种子的灰色盒子从叙利亚、墨西哥等地运至全球种子地库，藏于这个冷冻库之中。储存在这里的种子具有很多特性，如能够抵御较为干燥和较为温暖的气候。
2009年5月人事部三级笔译试题
Business of Green: An appeal to slow down on biofuel Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.
The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.
In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control."
"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.
He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.
"The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."
The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.
It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.
Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more
profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.
In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.
The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.
"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel to transport food is more expensive with oil more than $100 a barrel. There have been unexpected droughts this year as well.
Should we conclude that all biofuels are bad?
No. But motivated by the obvious problems now emerging, scientists have begun to take a harder look at their benefits.
For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.
To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.
汉翻英
是介绍上海世博会的
比较简单。就没贴出来了。
上海作为国际知名的商务中心，有最著名的海港，亚洲最重要的证券市场之一，以及世界500强都不能忽视的巨大市场。作为国际化大都市，上海将承办2010年世博会，成为发展中国家城市的首个东道主。本届世博会的主题--城市，使生活更美好。有着1700万人口的上海将于2010年5月至10月举行的世博会，预期将有创纪录的7000万人次参观。上海本次计划投资30亿美元，全面建设基础设施。在世博会期间，为了保证交通顺畅，将投入更多的资金用于城市道路和地铁的建设。按照世博会的相关规定，将建设一批会展展馆，建在黄浦江两岸，包括高科技展厅和会议中心。上海市政府决心通过世博会不断改善城市生活。许多重要基础设施将在2010年前竣工。世博会后，大部分将被改造成生活、办公、休闲设施。
参考译文：
Version I.
As a world-famous business center and one of the most important securities markets in Asia, Shanghai boasts the best-known seaport and a huge market that the world top 500 enterprises/entities cannot ignore. Shanghai, as an international metropolis, will host the 2010 World Expo, thus becoming the first host city among those in developing countries. The theme of the World Expo—City Makes a Better Life/A Better City, A Better Life. Shanghai, with a population of 17 million people, will be hosting the World Expo from May to October, 2010, which is expected to have the world record of 70 million visitors. Shanghai has planned a 30-billion US dollar investment in the construction of its all-round infrastructure. In order to ensure the
smooth flow of its traffic during the World Expo, Shanghai will put more investment in the construction of its urban roads and subway system. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the World Expo, a lot of exhibition halls and convention centers will be constructed all along the Huangpu River banks, including high-tech exhibition halls and convention centers. The Shanghai municipal government is determined to avail itself of this opportunity to constantly improve the city life. Many important infrastructure will be completed in 2010. After the expo, most of the buildings will be transformed into living, office or recreational facilities.
Version II.
Shanghai, as a world-famous business center, enjoys/boasts/ the most famous/the best-known seaport /harbor, one of the biggest securities markets in Asia and a huge market that can not be ignored by the world top 500 enterprises.
Shanghai, (as) an international metropolis, will host the 2010 World Expo, which is to develop itself into the first hosting city among the cities in the developing countries.
The theme of this world expo—Better City, Better Life
The period from May to October 2010 will mark /witness /see /find/ the hosting of the World Expo by Shanghai, a city with a population of 17 million, which will reach/come to an estimated record number of 70 million people in all.
Shanghai, a city with a population of 17 million (people), will host the World Expo from May to October 2010, with an expected/estimated record number of 70 million people in all.
Shanghai is planning to invest US $/USD 3 billion/3 billion US dollars in the all-round /full-scaled/ construction of its infrastructure.(to construct its infrastructure in an all-round manner.)
During the World Expo/In the period of the World Expo, to ensure/guarantee/ the convenience of the traffic/to facilitate the traffic, more money/funds will be invested/put/ in the construction of the (city’s) urban roads and subway /underground/ system.
According to/In accordance with the relevant /related regulations, a series of /a number of exhibition halls will be built up on both sides /banks of the Huangpu River, including hi-tech exhibition halls and conference centers.
Shanghai Municipal Government is determined /resolved/ to constantly improve its city life.
Much of the important/major/ infrastructure will be completed/accomplished before 2010, most of which will, after the world expo, be renovated for the use/purpose/ of living, working and leisure
2003
When I tell people that I'm a professor of communication, they often are confused— (1)
what the term "communication" means. Many people think mass communication is the— (2) type of communication, but mass communication is only one form of communication. The
study of mass communication focuses on messages that are_ (3) over‘一—(4) such
as television, newspapers, and radio. Other areas of匕一一(5) focus on the messages individuals send to one another. Some of the major contexts in which communication is studied_ (6)
the interpersonal context, the organizational context, and the intercultural context. A scholar studying_ (7) communication, for example, might examine how married couples_ (8)
with misunderstandings and the effects these misunderstandings have on_ (9) satisfaction. Organizational communication scholars, on the other hand, might study_ (10) the communication styles used by managers and their subordinates influence productivity and efficiency in a company or factory.
My area of specialization is intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is
an_ (11) field of study which incorporates research from disciplines_ (12) as
social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, sociolinguistics, and of course, com- munication. One of the_ (13) important areas of research addressed by intercultural
scholars is how misunderstandings can be一(14) when people communicate with others
from different— (15). To understand the process of intercultural communication, we
must study how individuals' cultural backgrounds_ (16) their communication behaviors.
The area of intercultural communication is a relatively new_ (17) of study even
in the United States. While most Chinese students studying communication in the United States_ (18) on mass communication, there are some who are interested in intercultural communication and plan to return to China to teach and— (19) research in this area. The
work of these Chinese scholars on intercultural communication is important because it will
help improve (20) between Chinese and Americans in the future
Section 3 (20分，每空1分)
1 .about 2. only 3. transmitted 4. mass media
5. communication
6. include
7. interpersonal
8. deal/cope
9. marital 10. how 11. interdisciplinary 12. such
13. most 14. minimized 15. cultures 16. influence/affect
17. field 18. focus/concentrate 19. conduct/do 20. understanding
5月26日人事部三级口译考试真题回忆 上午口译综合能力： 篇章听力：正误判断，介绍自己父亲出生在赞比亚然后去美国读书的概况，种族隔离后父亲回赞比亚去了的事情。 单句理解选择：比较简单，记不全题目。了解的盆友都知道这个主要是各种替换+implied meaning。其中有题的选项涉及out of the question/out of question 区别，原文中是beyond reach；还有一个是讲marriage和love的关系，原句大概是Where there is marriage without love, there is love without marriage.经典句式，选项中大概是C, Marriage is not necessarily based on love比较接近。 阅读理解：其中一篇是2010 Expo中China Pavilion的介绍，第一题涉及是否largest display in history, largest pavilion in Expo；第二题问及The Crown of the East 由来，原文说是resemblance of a crown，就是形如皇冠。第三题问及建筑灵感来源，斗拱和鼎什么的；第四题问及特点包括historical achievements和modern technology video结合什么的；第五题问及馆内展出展品，问题问的是没有展出的，选项明显是A 因为清明上河图显然不是清代的，A. A Qing Dynasty painting B. The terra cottas C. bronze sculptures D. 忘掉了反正是原文提过的。 完形填空：是跟地质有关的，介绍美国犹他州的Arch是如何形成的，填词都比较简单，没有特别长的，稍难写的单词可能是mingle，最后2个空都是数字2000和less than 1. 综述：蹦极（bungee jumping）的发展历史。 从最开始的被虐女绑个绳子从树上跳下来，而追她的丈夫一命呜呼到牛津一群人的尝试再到三藩市金门大桥和埃菲尔铁塔上的蹦极到一直讲到现代人如何把它做成一个盈利性的运动项目(people would pay for it) 下午口译实务：
人事部工作计划范文(新版) Through the work plan, you can make a plan for future work and work out a detailed plan; the work plan function greatly improves work efficiency. ( 工作计划) 部门：_______________________ 姓名：_______________________ 日期：_______________________ 本文档文字可以自由修改
人事部工作计划范文(新版) 导语：通过工作计划，可以对未来工作进行一个规划，制定出详细计划；这样能让工作更有条理性，还能对工作进行全局的管理，可以更好的应对工作中遇到的问题，工作计划功能对提升工作效率有很大提升。 人事部工作计划范文1 一、人员的招聘 现阶段，我们公司还处于发展之中，各部门的人员还有些不足，因此我们需要面向社会广招人员。目前我们有一个比较好的机会，就是各高职院校的大四学生陆陆续续开始毕业了，作为社会的主力军，大学生群体会在之后开始找工作，一般是通过网上投递简历，因此我们人事部将会在各招聘网站上发布招聘信息，不过考虑到大学生们需要经过一段时间的培训才能够正式上岗工作，因此这部分的人员要求不会太高，而是作为储备的人才。因此我们还需要招聘一批经验比较丰富的人才，办法就是提高薪酬，吸引这些人员。 除去网上招聘外，我们还可以通过从其他公司挖角，通过高
薪资换去人才，这对于公司的发展是利大于弊的。同时，我们也会鼓励公司内部员工进行举荐，如果举荐来的人员符合们公司的要求，那就可以留下这个人员，并对举荐人给予一定的奖励。 二、公司内部的人员调整 目前公司的内部人员需要调度的不大，但有部分员工暂时无法胜任当前岗位的工作，公司会经过一定的商定，并与其本人进行沟通，询问员工是否同意调离当前岗位，我们人事部会给予员工一定的机会，尽量避免开除员工这样的事情发生。争取创造一个良好的、和谐的工作氛围。 三、绩效的考核 绩效这一点，最开始就是为了激励公司员工们的工作积极性而建设的，本意并非是为了扣取员工们的工资，意在奖而非罚。但公司毕竟是需要盈利的，我们对于工作负责、工作效率高的员工表示鼓励，进行嘉奖。而对于数次完不成公司指定任务要求的员工，我们会给予三次机会，这期间不会扣除员工的工资，但是绩效是没有的。如果三次机会后，情况还没有得到改善，我们会
人事部工作计划 The pony was revised in January 2021
2018年人事部年度工作计划 一、工作目标 1、业务环境及需求 内部因素 2018年应满足以下内部因素变化对人事管理工作提出的需求： 根据公司的管理架构，对各部门的人员配备、培养、考核与激励提出新的要求。 根据人事管理中存在的问题以及能力发育的需求，应在以往相关工作基础上构建任职资格体系、考核与激励体系、内部培养与晋升体系。 配合公司在管理改进上的相关行动。 外部因素 2018年外部因素变化呈现以下特征： 经济大环境不景气，对于求职者而言，就业环境恶化，外部人才供给相对充分。 电信行业由国家重点投资拉动行业，本公司业绩有上升潜力，可以抓住人才供给充裕的机会补充一些来自其他相关行业的高端人才和优秀的基础人才，作为培养储备或进行人力资源的更替。 2、人事管理目标
人事管理的总体目标是：优化人力资源结构，提高人力资源素质，满足公司各部门对人力资源数量、质量和结构的需求；完善考核激励体系，营造组织氛围，增强员工积极性。从人力资源各模块的实际水平和改进需求出发，包括以下具体目标： 建立起职位管理体系，推进各职位序列任职资格体系建设。 实施人力资源规划，引进高层次人才，淘汰低绩效员工，优化人才结构。 建立起关键岗位人才内部晋升机制，健全职业生涯管理。 实施“蓄水池”计划，做好基础人才培养和人才储备。 完善上岗引导人制度或引入导师制，健全内部人才培养方式。 提高管理干部的执行力和领导力素质。 建立起与任职资格对应的公平合理的激励性薪酬体系。 实施周计划、月计划和季度述职制度，建立起绩效过程监控体系和绩效考核体系。降低员工流动率，营造良好的组织氛围。 二、工作思路 1、做好人力资源规划，扭转招聘工作的被动局面。 思路分析
2015年CATTI一级笔译英译汉试题 原文： Conventional business wisdom is big on perfection. We are constantly exhorted to give 100 per cent – or even a mathematically impossible 110 per cent. But is this really the absolute virtue it is held up to be? Or is there a case to be made for doing a “good enough” job most of the time? There are two well-known rules that suggest the latter is valid. The first is the Pareto Principle (or the 80-20 rule), which states that 80 per cent of consequences stem from 20 per cent of causes. The second is the law of diminishing returns, which suggests that, as you near 100 per cent, you expend proportionally more effort on the remaining work. Graham Allcott, author of How to be a Productivity Ninja, says that people often look at tasks the wrong way – they focus on the detail of what they are doing, rather than the impact it has. “It is actually far more practical to think in terms of the 80-20 rule and focus ruthlessly on doing things that have the greatest impact.” He also recommends that you delegate the mundane parts of tasks that anyone can do. However, many people find this difficult because they are wedded to the idea of delivering their very best. As business psychologist Karen Moloney says: “Perfection is how they define themselves and to let anything out of their hands that isn’t 100 per cent goes against their sense of professional pride.” She says the trick is to remember it is about delivering what the business needs, not what you want to give. People who are natural perfectionists tend to see not giving 100 per cent as a failing. But you can reframe this by telling yourself that knowing which tasks do not need 100 per cent demonstrates good judgment. Holding on to a task or project by forever adding that extra 1 per cent can sometimes be driven by a fear of being judged on the end result. It is therefore worth reminding yourself of the Steve Jo bs quote: “Real artists ship.” One way to avoid running up against the law of diminishing returns is to set yourself deadlines. But rather than set fake deadlines that you know can be moved, Mr Allcott recommends making yourself accountable to someone else. That way, you will shift from “I could deliver any time next week” to “I’ll look bad in front of my boss i f I don’t deliver by Tuesday”. Perhaps the most difficult thing to deal with, however, is not your own desire to give 100 per cent but your boss’s desire to see you give 100 per cent . Again, says Ms Moloney, you need to make it about what you deliver: “Explain to your boss you can accomplish far more if you don’t dot every I and cross every T.”
人事部CATTI三级口译实务考试出题规律 规律1：对话部分考社会热点内容，多与中西方文化交流有关 真题倒排： 2006年11月外国人看中国文化 2006年5月伦敦文化和中国春节 2005年11月姚明在美国NBA 2005年5月中国人和外国人对麦当劳不同的看法 2004年11月新一代居民身份证 2004年5月上海和上海世博会 2003年11月讨论世界地球日 复习建议： 这部分考试难度最低，不是考翻译，而是考察的学生的基本听力和口语的能力。这20分是学生必须要抢的20分。复习时要紧紧扣住热门词汇和近期热门话题，对于中国和英美一些特有的背景词汇要特别突击一下，比如这次考试出现的中国"古钱"，上次考试出现的"春联"，和更早考试出现的"麦当劳"。 考试根源： 中西方文化交流和冲突，以及社会关注的热点话题是一名外事工作者，在中低层次的口译工作中必然面临的工作内容，这就是以实用为原则的人事部考试出这种题材的原因。 规律2：英译汉部分考大会发言，多为大会的基调发言。 真题倒排：
2006年11月中国在世界舞台上的崛起 2006年5月环境保护和自然资源 2005年11月全球气候变暖 2005年5月亚洲的价值与繁荣 2004年11月科学、信息和社会 2004年5月介绍艾滋病 2003年11月英国王妃戴安娜的新闻 复习建议： 最早的考试可以忽略不计，戴安娜为新闻体，艾滋病过于专业，因此最近5次考试再也没有重复过这样的题型。因此，复习时应该紧紧扣住大会英语，背记有关大会英语的词汇和高频句子。人事部指定教材的英译汉内容基本都是大会的演讲，尤其是外国人来到中国参加各种大会的演讲，以及世界重大会议的基调发言外国人来到中国参加各种大会的演讲，以及世界重大会议的基调发言，广大同学应用听译-视译-听译的办法复习，相信指定教材对考试的指向性。不要过分偏离教材，按照自己的想象复习。考试时的策略是，这40分拿到一半就是胜利，把标准调低一点，努力坚持，不要被不会的东西吓住，从而产生放弃的心理，或彻底地胡说八道。 考试根源： 人事部三级口译考试是为社会提供职业的口译员，尤其是在各种会议上从事交替传译工作的口译员，因此其英译汉的题型必然以大会的背景为依托。但毕竟只是三级，所以内容不可能过于专业和深奥，只能选择相对泛泛的内容，也就是用相对严肃的词汇讲大而空的内容，这正是会议基调发言的特点。对话部分考题针对一般性外事活动中的听说能力，英译汉部分则是针对具体会议中的口译能力。口译员基本不会坐在电视边翻译新闻，所以戴安娜那样的题目不会再出了。换句话说，复习时不可把太多注意力放在新闻听力方面，因为这不是口译的话题和题材。 规律3：汉译英部分考外交式的严肃讲话或介绍中国政策和特色
人事部年度工作计划(最新版) Frequent work plans can improve personal work ability, management level, find problems, analyze problems and solve problems more quickly. ( 工作计划) 部门：_______________________ 姓名：_______________________ 日期：_______________________ 本文档文字可以自由修改
人事部年度工作计划(最新版) 导语：工作计划是我们完成工作任务的重要保障，制订工作计划不光是为了很好地完成工作，其实经常制订工作计划可以更快地提高个人工作能力、管理水平、发现问题、分析问题与解决问题的能力。 人事部年度工作计划 一、人员调配管理 本年度重点做好新兴工业园投运期间的人员调配工作。 1、根据公司新的体制设置及人员定编，抽调部分优秀管理人员及生产骨干到工业园工作，使技改项目投运后，能够正常的安全经济运行。 2、根据公司各部门、单位人员岗位定编、缺编情况，随时作好调配工作。及时、准确下达人事调令和人事指令，力争使人力资源达到合理配置。 二、劳动合同管理 做好劳动合同的签订、解除及劳动合同档案管理等工作。本年度重点做好xx年6月30日194人劳动合同到期员工的续订
工作。针对本次续签工作，在今年劳动合同管理工作的基础上，需进一步运作新的管理办法，对生产工人及其他工作人员拟采用中期（2年）、短期（1年）合同，对部分人员采取不再续签合同的管理办法。 三、人事考核评价 为进一步加强对员工在一定时期内工作能力等方面的评价，正确把握每位员工的工作状况，建立公司正常、合理的人事考核评价制度，从而为员工的奖惩、晋升、调整等提供客观依据。根据公司目前生产经营状况，制定人事评价制度，进行人事考核评价。对不合格人员实行在岗试用、待岗培训或转岗，以保证员工队伍的高效率、高素质。 四、奖惩管理 结合公司实际，对在生产、科研、劳动、经营管理等方面，成绩突出、贡献较大的，分别给予奖励。对有违反劳动纪律，经常迟到、早退，旷工；完不成生产任务或工作任务的；不服从工作分配和调动、指挥，或者无理取闹，聚众闹事，打架斗殴影响
Formulate objectives and tasks and daily work items management, so as to enhance the initiative and make the work orderly. 姓名：___________________ 单位：___________________ 时间：___________________ 人事部年度工作计划
编号：FS-DY-20827 人事部年度工作计划 人事部年度工作计划范文(一) 本年度重点做好新兴工业园投运期间的人员调配工作。 1、根据公司新的体制设置及人员定编，抽调部分优秀管理人员及生产骨干到工业园工作，使技改项目投运后，能够正常的安全经济运行。 2、根据公司各部门、单位人员岗位定编、缺编情况，随时作好调配工作。及时、准确下达人事调令和人事指令，力争使人力资源达到最佳合理配置。 二、劳动合同管理 做好劳动合同的签订、解除及劳动合同档案管理等工作。本年度重点做好xx年6月30日194人劳动合同到期员工的续订工作。针对本次续签工作，在今年劳动合同管理工作的基础上，需进一步运作新的管理办法，对生产工人及其他工作人员拟采用中期(2年)、短期(1年)合同，对部分人员采取
不再续签合同的管理办法。 三、人事考核评价 为进一步加强对员工在一定时期内工作能力等方面的评价，正确把握每位员工的工作状况，建立公司正常、合理的人事考核评价制度，从而为员工的奖惩、晋升、调整等提供客观依据。根据公司目前生产经营状况，制定人事评价制度，进行人事考核评价。对不合格人员实行在岗试用、待岗培训或转岗，以保证员工队伍的高效率、高素质。 四、奖惩管理 结合公司实际，对在生产、科研、劳动、经营管理等方面，成绩突出、贡献较大的，分别给予奖励。对有违反劳动纪律，经常迟到、早退，旷工;完不成生产任务或工作任务的;不服从工作分配和调动、指挥，或者无理取闹，聚众闹事，打架斗殴影响生产秩序、工作秩序和社会秩序等情况的员工，分别给予行政处分或经济处罚。 五、人才储备工作 根据公司现状，结合先进企业的管理经验，参加全国性或区域性的大型人才交流洽谈会，直接引进高层次、高学历
人事部三级笔译（CATTI）2007.11英译汉真题 One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do. 安迪布莱文思曾做过的最大的、同时也是他现在极少为之后悔的决定之一，看起来一点也不像个决定。倒像是自然而然做的事。 In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face. 1995年夏天，他在一家超市的仓库上班，把汤罐头、纸巾和狗粮箱子在地板上搬来搬去，这家超市是弗吉尼亚西南部最大的建筑物之一。天气酷热。他刚到这开始第一个学年时，希望在暑期挣点外快，这份工作在那时显得不可思议。当时他还是个瘦得皮包骨的十几岁的小伙子，有着沙质金发和瘦削的布满雀斑的脸。 But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies. Andy acted more outgoing with them, more relaxed. People in Chilhowie noticed that. 但是，他明白应该把坚苦的工作干好，即使他是他家族的第一个大学生。很快，他挣的钱高达6.75美元一小时，比他父母挣得都多。他有女友和同乡作伴。安迪待他们更友好宽容。芝尔豪伊镇的人注意到了。 It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C’s and D’s, and college never felt like home, anyway. 这只是个完美的夏天。于是一丝念头闪过他的脑海，兴许这一切不必结束，兴许他可以暂时休学继续工作。他的学业成绩得了一些C和D，无论如何，大学从来不像家里。 "I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck," Mr. Blevins recalled. "I just knew I didn’t want to quit." “我喜欢努力干活，完成工作，挣一份薪水，”布莱文思回忆说。“我只知道我不想离开。” So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term. 于是他反而退了学，随之加入了美国最大和成长最快的年轻人群体之一。他成了辍学生，尽管未毕业也许是更准确的定义。 Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20’s now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960’s, when the Census
人事部门工作计划 篇一：行政人事部2021年度工作计划方案 行政人事部2021年度工作计划方案 为加强公司行政人事工作的计划性和新程序文件的刚性执行，行政人事部将按照2021年发展规划及企业发展方向，以2021年工作情况为基础，制定出行政人事部2021年工作目标。 一、行文方面 制作格式模板下发至各项目、各部门，并在2021年的工作中对各项目、各部门的行文情况进行监督，包括字体、排版、标题、页眉、页脚等内容，符合公司行文统一标准。 具体实施时间： 1.2021年2月15日之前把格式模板制作出发给各项目、各部门。 2.从2021年3月起对各项目、各部门的行文进行监督。 二、办公方面 按照办公环境管理制度，执行每周巡查，对不合格的地方进行拍照，落实责任人和限期整改时间，形成巡查记录表格，结合奖惩制度严格落实，以改善目前存在的办公环境整理不规范，脏、差、乱的现状。 具体实施时间： 2021年2月开始发文对办公环境标准进行规范，执行每周巡查。 三、会议方面 重新制作会议纪要表格，明确工作任务、责任人和完成时间，作为工作任务完成情况监督的依据，提高会议召开的有效性，落实会议制度的原则性和目的性。 具体实施时间： 2021年2月开始对会议纪要模板进行规范，落实会议任务处罚制度。 四、车辆方面 规范车辆管理。 具体实施时间：
1.2021年2月车辆派遣权力收回，用车部门提前填写用车审批单报行政人事部，由行政人事部根据车辆派单情况进行合理调度。 2.2021年3月规范车辆维修保养，当车辆需要维修或保养，驾驶员需提前报行政人事部，填写车辆维修保养审批单，写清维修保养内容和金额大小，由行政人事部对车辆情况进行检查核实填写审批意见，再由行政人事部交由上级领导逐级审批，同意后再由驾驶员到制定维修点去进行维修； 3.2021年2月实施驾驶员奖惩制度，提高驾驶员主观能动意识，在意识形态中形成爱车、护车的理念，有利于维修保养费用的降低。 五、物资管理方面 对办公类固定资产进行编号，形成固定资产台账记录；其次在工作中对物资转移、调用、报废等情况要及时记录，及时掌握物资去向。同时，每月对固定资产进行盘点，制作盘点清单，核对台账信息，保证物资台账的准确性。 具体实施时间： 1.2021年3月对办公类固定资产进行梳理，制作标签，重新张贴，建立台账。 2.2021年3月制作转移、调用、报废等规范记录表格，之后沿用。 六、奖惩方面 实行即时奖惩制度，包括表扬、嘉奖、处罚、记过等形式，下发即时奖惩通知书，以及及时表扬先进，警示不当行为，同时对于新增工作完成情况或新增工作任务是否即时有效去整改落实进行即时奖罚，有利于督促工作任务的完成和不合格事项的及时整改。 具体实施时间： 1.2021年2月发布即时奖罚制度执行通知进行宣传。 2.2021年3月开始执行。 七、考勤方面 落实考勤管理制度，执行考勤审批程序，相应的考勤事情应有相应的表格支撑。同时，行政人事部建立员工考勤信息明细台账，对员工考勤信息进行记录，便于及时的查询和整体上的宏观把控。再者，明文规定公司员工和项目员工月度应休天数，这样才能把考勤事宜做到有据可查、有制可依。 具体实施时间：
人事部招聘工作计划 篇一：XX年行政人事部工作计划两篇 XX年行政人事部工作计划两篇 XX年行政人事部工作计划(一) 为配合公司XX年度目标的达成，加强人力资源管理和行政管理的计划性，行政人事部现制订XX年度工作计划，并遵照计划开展具体工作，更好的协调各部门的运作及支持公司的决策，协助各部门达成公司XX年的工作目标。 第一部分人力资源工作计划 一、人员招聘 (一)、思路分析 1、XX年是公司快速发展的一年，人力发展将迅速增加，并逐步到位。 2、利用公司的招聘、薪酬政策和春节后人力流动高峰期的机会，补充基层、中层，尤其是本行业优秀人才，作为人力资源更替、补充和培养储备。 3、实行内部培养和晋升，提拔和任用有上进心、不断学习和提升的内部员工。 (二)、目标概述 公司目前属于发展期，XX年总体目标首先要考虑满足岗位需求，再考虑人才储备，实现梯队建设。 (三)、具体实施方案
1、熟人推荐：包括员工推荐，在公司工作，且技术熟练程度较高，已通过努力实现个人工资目标，推荐适合公司的优秀人才共同发展，公司将给予一次性奖励。 2、网络招聘：继续和前程无忧招聘网站合作。 3、海报招聘：主要面向基层人员招聘。 (四)、实施目标注意事项 1、招聘渠道拓展：竞争对手挖人。 2、调查了解竞争对手企业薪酬福利等情况。 3、做好各项准备工作：与用人部门沟通，及时准确了解需求;进行招聘宣传：制作招聘海报。 二、绩效考核 (一)思路分析 绩效考核有两个关键问题：一是，考核指标的科学性;二是，一种管理习惯的形成，养成行为习惯，关键在于坚持和制度保障。 (二)目标概述 绩效考核的根本目的，不是为了处罚未完成工作指标和不尽职尽责的员工，而是有效激励员工，不断改善工作方法和工作品质，建立公平的竞争机制，持续不断地提高组织工作效率，培养员工工作的计划性和责任心，及时查(来自: 小龙文档网:人事部招聘工作计划)找工作中的不足并加以调整改善，从而推进工作成果达成。
人事部二级笔译（CATTI）2008.5汉译英真题 汉译英： 试题一：必作题（汉译英）（20分） 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。 试题二：选作题（泽译英）（20分） 1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。 惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。 每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。 邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊…… 来自母亲的邮票一张一张地攒着，它们是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。 汉译英必作题答案 From the Opium War and the First Sino-Japanese War after the 1840s, China's War on Foreign Invaders 1900 to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in 1930s, China was subject to the butchering of the then strong powers in the West and East and their extremely barbarian economic depredation. This, coupled with feudal corruption and years of successive
人事部三级笔译（CATTI）2008.5英译汉真题 Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From Fields ARDEA, Italy — The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel. Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources —and a measure of concern about the future of the planet —Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years. “This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,”said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we hope it helps the environment, too.” In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target”requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 —the most ambitious and specific goal in the world. 1
人事部工作计划（一） 时光荏苒，××年即将过往，回首过往的一年，内心不禁感慨万千……时间如梭，转眼间又将跨过一个年度之坎。回首看，虽没有大张旗鼓的战果，但也算经历了一段不平凡的考验和磨砺。对于我们每一个追求进步的人来说，免不了会在年终岁未对自己进行一番“盘点”，也算是对自己的一种鞭策。 行政人事部是公司的关键部分之一，对内治理水平的要求应不断提升，对外要应对税务、工商、药监、社保等机关的各项检查。行政人事部职员固然少，但在这一年里任劳任怨，竭尽全力将各项工作计划顺利完成。经过一年的磨练与洗礼，行政人事部的综合能力相比××年又迈进了一步。 回顾年，在公司领导的正确领导下，我们的工作着重于公司的经营方针、宗旨和效益目标上，牢牢围绕重点展开工作，紧跟公司各项工作部署。在治理方面尽到了应尽的责任。为了总结经验，继续发扬成绩同时也克服存在的不足，现将××年的工作做如下扼要回顾和总结。 年行政人事部工作大体上可分为以下三个方面： 一、人事治理方面 根据部分职员的实际需要，有针对性工作计划、公道地招聘一批员工，以配备各岗位。 规范了各部分的职员档案并建立电子档案，严格审查全体员工档案，对资料不齐全的一律补齐。 配合采购和财务部分，严格把好促销员的进、出关。 有步骤的完善培训机制，不断的外派员工学习并要求着名公司来培训员工，同时加强内部的培训治理工作。
二、行政工作方面 ⒈办理好各门店的证照并如期进行年审工作。 ⒉和相关职能机关如工商、税务、药监、社保、银行等做好沟通工作，以使公司对外工作更为通畅。 ⒊联系报刊、电视台等媒体做好对外的宣传工作。 ⒋对内做好办公用品的采购，严格审查各部分的办公用品的使用状况，并做好物品领用登记，以节约降低本钱为第一原则，公道地采购办公用品。 三、公司治理运作方面 ⒈顺应市场的发展，依照公司要求，制定相应的工作计划。完善公司现有制度，使各项工作有法可依，有章可寻。在日常工作中，及时和公司各个部分、门店密切沟通、联系，适时对各部分的工作提出些指导性的意见。 ⒉逐步完善公司监视机制。有一句话说得好：员工不会做你要求做的事情，只会做你监视要做的事情。基于这个原因，本年度加强了对员工的监视治理力度。 ⒊加强团队建设，打造一个业务全面，工作热情高涨的团队。作为一个治理者，对下属充分做到“察人之长、用人之长、聚人之长、展人之长”，充分发挥他们的主观能动性及工作积极性。进步团队的整体素质，树立起开拓创新、务实高效的公司新形象。 ⒋充分引导员工勇于承担责任。以前公司各职能部分职责不清，现逐步理清各部分工作职责，并要求各人主动承担责任。 作为行政人事部负责人，我充分熟悉到自己既是一个治理者，更是一个执行者。要想带好一个团队，除了熟悉业务外，还需要负责具体的工作及业务，以身作则，这样才能保证在职员偏紧的情况下，大
公司人事部工作计划 公司人事部工作计划 1、行政工作是一个系统工程。不可能一蹴而就，因此行政人事部在设计制订年度目标时，按循序渐进的原则进行。如果一味追求速度，行政部将无法对目标完成质量提供保证。 2、行政工作对一个不断成长和发展的公司而言，是非常重要的基础工作，也是需要公司上下通力合作的工作，各部门配合共同做好的工作项目较多,因此，需要公司领导予以重视和支持。自上而下转变观念与否，各部门提供支持与配合的程度如何，都是行政工作成败的关键。所以行政人事部在制定年度目标后，在完成过程中恳请公司领导与各部门予以协助。 3、此工作目标仅为行政人事部****年度全年工作的基本文件，而非具体工作方案。鉴于企业行政建设是一个长期工程，针对每项工作行政部都将制订与目标相配套的详细工作方案。但必须等此工作目标经公司领导研究通过后方付诸实施，如遇公司对本部门目标的调整，行政人事部将按调整后的目标完成年度工作。同样，每个目标项目实施的具体方案、计划、制度、表单等，也将根据公司调整后的目标进行具体落实。 1、 ****年元月底前完成公司现有组织架构和职位编制的合理性调查和公司各部门未来发展趋势的调查; 2、 ****年二月底前完成公司组织架构的设计草案并征求各部门意见，报请总经理审阅修改;
3、 ****年三月底前完成公司组织架构图及各部门组织架构图、公司人员编制方案。公司各部门配合公司组织架构对本部门职位说明书、工作流程在去年基础上进行改造。行政部负责整理成册归 1、公司组织架构决定于公司的长期发展战略，决定着公司组织的高效运作与否。组织架构的设计应本着简洁、科学、务实的方针。组织的过于简化会导致责权不分，工作负荷繁重，中高层管理疲于应付日常事务，阻碍公司的发展步伐;而组织的过于繁多会导致管理成本的不断增大，工作量大小不均，工作流程环节增多，扯皮推诿现象，员工人浮于事，组织整体效率下降等现象，也同样阻碍公司的发展。 2、组织架构设计不能是按现有组织架构状况的记录，而是综合公司整体发展战略和未来一定时间内公司运营需要进行设计的。因此，既不可拘泥于现状，又不可妄自编造，每一职能部门、每一工作岗位的确定都应经过认真论证和研究。 3、组织架构的设计需注重可行性和可操作性，因为公司组织架构是公司运营的基础，也是部门编制、人员配置的基础，组织架构一旦确定，除经公司总经理研究特批以外，行政部对各部门的超出组织架构外增编、增人将有权予以拒绝。 附送： 公司人力资源工作总结 公司人力资源工作总结 xx年的工作快要结束，在本年度的工作当中，公司人力资源部认真建立、健全公司人力资源管理系统，确保人力资源工作按照公司发
2006年5月人事部三级笔译真题 第一部分英译汉471 （比新大纲要求的要少） 第一遍译文： 在北极圈，由于气候变暖，冰层下的水正在融化，这困扰着沿岸的居民。 在俄罗斯北部海岸，有个叫贝科夫斯基的村子，其共有村民457人。这里的海岸线正在塌陷，以每年15-18英尺的速度慢慢逼近民宅和燃料桶。 所有的冰和冻土都是有实际作用的。现在他们却在融化。对于居住在北极圈北部的居民来说，虽然气候变化是个新的契机，但同时也在威胁着他们的生存环境，家庭，以及那些依存于冰上荒原生活产生的传统文化。 随着北极圈不断融化，人们加快了对北极圈的开发。这对于生活在这一区域的居民来说是利弊共存的。在巴伦支海和喀拉海发现了油田。这让人们对可能发生的灾难性事故产生了恐慌。因为，很快，满载着石油，液化气罐的货轮将穿过斯堪的纳维亚的捕鱼区，前往欧洲和北美的销售市场。那些尚未开发的土地，也可能会被发电机，烟囱，大型交通工具散发出来的废物所污染。而这些都是都是用来发展能源产业的。 在阿拉斯加，海岸侵蚀也成为了一个大问题，美国政府不得不重新安置几个纽因特人的村落，这个项目为每个村落的花费高达一亿美元甚至更多。 在整个北极地带，生存着许多原始部落，他们的文化形成于几个世纪以来的极端寒冷环境下的冰上生活。他们已经注意到了气候和野生生物都发生了变化。这些居民们正在适应这些变化，但是这个过程很让人沮丧。 在挪威北部的纽马克省，深冬时节，北极的美景在这里一览无遗。无尽的高原，白雪皑皑，寂静无声，但能听到驯鹿的叫声，以及偶尔传来的雪地车的声音，这些车是放牧用的。然而北极的变化在这里也有所体现，31岁的牧民伊萨特艾勒说：“驯鹿变得越来越不安了。” 挪威将进行环境和文化保护，少有国家能与之竞争。这一区域的石油大量开采，萨米文化得到复兴。 艾勒的生计是与驯鹿密切相关的，但政府不能提供任何帮助来保持艾勒的生活不变。像德克萨斯的一位牧场主一样，艾勒偷偷的保有一定数量的鹿群。但他说秋天气候温暖，泉水将最上层的雪融化，这些雪水会再次结冰，这使得驯鹿很难挖开冰层找到他们吃的地衣。 “做决定的这些人都是住在南部和城市”艾勒坐在鹿皮搭建的房子里说：“他们感受不到气候的变化。只有那些生活在自然界，从自然界中得到资源的人才能意识到气候的变化。” 第二遍译文： 在北极圈，由于气候变暖，冰层下的一些海域正在融化，这困扰着沿岸的居民。