语法专题
专题一冠词专题八非谓语动词专题十五状语从句
专题二名词专题九动词和动词短语专题十六倒装句和省略句专题三代词专题十动词的时态专题十七强调句
专题四数词专题十一动词的语态专题十八虚拟语气
专题五形容词和副词专题十二句子种类专题十九主谓一致
专题六介词专题十三名词性从句专题二十直接引语和间接专题七情态动词专题十四定语从句
专题一冠词
I、重点难点解析
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义
历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，
1. 冠词的位置
考点示例
1 such／what／many／rather／quite + a (n)+形容词+单数
可数名词
quite a small house
2 how／however／so／too／as／that／this十形容词
+a(u)+单数可数名词
so nice a girl
3 both／all／half／twice／double + the +名词twice the size of the room
4 half a (n）或a half + 单数可数名词Half an hour／a half hour
2.不定冠词
考点示例
1 表示泛指，与any同义 A square has four sides．
2 表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概
念不如one强烈
He will be back in a week．
3 表示“相同的”，与the same同义Birds of a feather flock together．
4 表示“每一个”，与every，each，per同义I visit my father once a month．
5 表示“某一”，与a certain同义 A Mr Smith is waiting to see you．
6 表示“像……似的”，与one like同义He is a Lei Feng in our class．
7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、…一阵、
一份、一场”等
We had a heavy rain last night．
8 用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化You are a great help to your mother．
3. 定冠词
考点示例
1 特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、
受定语修饰的人或物
There l met a foreigner and the foreigner
helped me a lot. / Do you know the man
standing by the window?
2 用于单数名词前，指一类事物The lion is a wild animal.
3 用于乐器名称前the violin / the piano
4 用于世界上独一无二的事物前the sun/ the earth/ the world
5 与某些形容词连用表示一类人the rich / the young / the aged
6 在字数词和最高级前the first one to come to school／the best
student in our class
4. 零冠词
5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析
英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在……（内）的前面 There?s a garden in front of the classroom.
There?s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.
3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table.
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 4. by day 白天；日间 ; by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day.
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替 When did this conversation take place?
Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England. 6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之 Please express your thought in words. In a word, I don?t t rust you.
7 在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中
The Changjiang River / the West Lake /
the English Channel 8 在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前
play (the) piano ／the Browns ／in the 1920s/ 9
在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民. the Chinese / the English
10 用在一些习惯用语中
in the morning / the day after tomorrow / the day before yesterday / the next year
考点 示例
1 专用名词和不可数名词前
China, America, Grade One, Class Two 2 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等 Go down this street.
3 当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时 We are students./ I like reading stories.
4 成对名词连用时
day after day ／face to face
5 在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前 play basketball ／play chess ／like physics.
speak English ／at lunch 6 在季节、月份、某些含Day 的节假日、星期等名词前 Autumn is the best season in Beijing.／in May ／New Year?s Day ／On Sunday 7
在某些习惯用语中的名词前
At noon ／by bus ／by telephone/ in bed, in
time / go to bed / go to college
7. at times 有时；不时; at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times.
Pass me the bricks two at a time.
8. little 少；不多的; a little 一些；一点点
Hurry up, there?s little time left.
Don?t hurry, you still have a little time.
9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个
He is a man of few words.
Only a few of the children can read.
10.a most interesting 非常有趣的; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）
This is a most interesting story.
This is the most interesting story of the three.
11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there.
A doctor and a nurse are standing there.
12.A number of 许多；好些; the number of …（的）数目
A number of students are in the classroom.
The number of students in the classroom is forty.
II、实战演练
（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\”.
1.---Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday?
3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard.
--- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.
4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was _______ most important one.
5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _________ spread of AIDS.
6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.
7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here..
8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.
9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.
10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellent footballer.
11 Don?t lose heart. Please have ______ second try.
12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.
13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman.
14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece.
15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.
16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.
17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students? character.
18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor.
19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.
20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound.
21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.
22In case of fire please press _______ red button.
23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.
24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.
25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.
26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out.
27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.
28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.
29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice.
30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.
31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.
32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.
（二）语法填空
在括号中填入适当的冠词
There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.
One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.
But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.
The king chose 10 second picture.
答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; /
10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the
22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 an
II 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10. the
专题二名词
I、重点难点解析
名词的高考命题导向
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能＋s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另
一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
一名词的分类及常见用法
可数名词个体名词teacher, student, piano 功能
集体名词family, committee, people 名词在句
中可做主
语、表语、
宾语、宾语
补足语、定
语、同位语
或状语
不可数名词物质名词wood, water, steel 抽象名词friendship, progress 专有名词John, Smith, Beijing
名词所有格一般由名词右上
方+?s；以s结尾
的名词单复数只
加“?”
表有生命的东西
或时间,空间,距
离,价格,重量等名
词的所有格
如：Women?s Day, an hour?s
walk,students? reading-room,
today?s paper
介词of＋名词无生命的东西的
名词所有格
如：a map of China, the top
of the mountain
可数名词的复数规则变化 1.一般词后+s days, boys, Americans
2.s, x, sh, ch结尾+es buses,dishes;(stomachs除外)
3.辅音字母+y结尾，变
y为i+es
babies, factories
4.以f或fe结尾，变f/fe
为v+es
leaves,wives;(roofs,proofs,
gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,
safes除外)
5.以o结尾，有生命+es，
无生命+s
heroes,potatoes;pianos,radios
(hippos, bamboos)除外
6.数字的复数+s或“?s”in the 1930s/1930?s
不规则变
化
1．改变词中元音字母woman-women, goose-geese
man-men,foot-feet,tooth-teet
h
2．形式复数，意义单数news,maths,politics,
economics等
3．单复同形means,deer,sheep,fish,works
(工厂),species, Chinese等4．其它child-children, bacterium-
bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen
,phenomenon-phenomena等
二名词其他需要注意的几点：
1．名词的数
1）复合名词变为复数的规则
有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens 等）。
2）集体名词的数
①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。
注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。
②有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。
③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：class
family，couple，audience，government，public等。
The whole family are watching TV now．全家人现在都在看电视。
His family is a big one．他家是个大家族。
3）只能用复数形式的名词
由两部分构成的名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，scales，compasses等。
4）the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs
5）具有双重特性的名词
(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词
a room房间一room空间a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉
an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意
(2)单、复数意思不同的名词
arm手臂一arms武器brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关
force力量一forces军队regard注意,关心一regards问候time时间一times时代
work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪
content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件
expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林
2．名词的所有格
1）表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加?s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Ma?s room李和马共有的房间; Li?s and Ma?s rooms李和马各自的房间
2）表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Li?s李家，the doctor?s诊所；the barber?s理发店
3）所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：China's prosperity中国的繁荣the country's plan国家计划
4）of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。
如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事
the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子
5）双重所有格
“of +名词的?s所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾
语必须是人，而且是特指。如：
an old friend of my uncle's我叔叔的一个老朋友
a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一部戏剧
some houses of my grandfather's我爷爷的一些房子
3．名词作定语
1）一般用单数形式。如：country music乡村音乐shoe shops鞋店traffic lights交通灯注意：sports，customs，arms，clothes，sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如：
sports meeting运动会customs officiers海关官员arms production武器生产
2）man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：
men doctors男医生women teachers女老师
II、实战演练
一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：
1. There are fifty-six __________________ (people) in China.
2. We need much ______________ (room) for all the furniture.
3. This kind of dress was popular in the ___________________ (1980)
4. ______________ (girl) students and _________________ (woman) teachers are in the majority in our school.
5. There used to be a lot of milu ______________ (deer) in China.
6. These are art _______________ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.
7. _____________ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.
8. We can see many _________________ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.
9. I had my hair cut short at the _____________ (barber) nearby yesterday.
10. On the whole, he was a ______________ (fail) in his life.
11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _______ of exercise .
12. Now more and more people prefer to have a ______________ at home---a little dog, a cat or some other
animals.
13. My parents always let me have my own __________ of living.
14. We volunteered to collect money to help the _____________ of the earthquake.
15. We all know that _______________ speak louder than words.
答案：1. peoples 2. room 3. 1980s/1980?s 4. Girl, women 5. deer 6 works 7.Children?s 8. editors-in-chief 9. barber?s 10. failure11. lack 12. pet 13. way 14.victims 15. actions
二语法填空
Charles Pink was a young 1 (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theatre and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).
One day about thirty 5 (yearly) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed.
Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .
答案：1. Canadian 2. parties 3. a 4. enjoyments 5. years 6. Mexico 7. the 8. height 9. fields 10. them
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Do some FL (Foreign Language) reading every day and try to finish one FL book at least every week. You are no doubt 21 with little spare time, and this may sound unrealistic. But if you read in the 22 described, it is perfectly possible. The key is to be honest with yourself about 23 you really enjoy: thrillers, women's magazines, newspapers---it really doesn't matter what you read as 24 as it genuinely interests you, because that is the only certain way to make yourself read. It is 25 to reach good speeds by practising on material that is difficult or dull. If you pursue this program for only few months, you should achieve a very marked increase in your reading 26 . What you do with your FL reading skill when you have developed it is to study for a further qualification. The 27 is that in order to develop the 28 , a great deal of practice on easy interesting materials is essential. If you can 29 this to yourself by developing your own reading skill by this method, your teaching will carry the certainty that comes only from 30 .
21. A. bored B. helpless C. free D. busy
22. A. key B. problem C. way D. job
23. A. which B. when C. who D. what
24. A. much B. good C. long D. well
25. A. impossible B. possible C. necessary D. easy
26. A. efficiency B. effects C. method D. capacity
27. A. question B. point C. idea D. problem
28. A. habit B. idea C. skill D. task
29. A. realize B. tell C. improve D. prove
30. A. work B. experience C. theory D. doing
21-30 DCDCA ABCDB
专题三代词
I、重点难点解析
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
代词类别例词功能
人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 只做主语
宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 做及物动词或介词的宾语
物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 只做定语
名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 做主语、宾语、表语
反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
做宾语、同位语、表语
指示代词this, that, these, those 做主语、宾语、定语、表语相互代词each other, one another 做宾语
疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose, etc. 引出疑问句
关系代词that, who, whom, whose, etc. 连接定语从句
不定代词some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each,
somebody, no one, everybody, etc.
视情况而定，一般的可做定语、主语、
宾语等
下面举例说明，其中疑问代词见“句子种类”，关系代词见“定语从句”。
一人称代词的用法
1 作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English.
2 在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it? It?s me. 但有时用主格。
If I were she, I would?t go there.
It was I who told him about it.
二物主代词的用法
1．形容词性物主代词——只作定语：
This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.
2．名词性物主代词
所作成分例句
1 作主语This is her coat. Mine is over there.
2 宾语Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours ?
3 表语This book isn?t mine; it?s Tom?s.
说明：
①英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：
Jack took off his coat and went to bed.
杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。
② “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：
Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.
我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。
三反身代词
所作成分例句
1
宾语动宾Tom taught himself Chinese.
介宾She loves me for myself, not for my money.
2 表语She is not quite herself today. （be oneself: 身心自在）
3 同位语I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs.
四指示代词的用法
1.时空的差别e.g. There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？
2. This 和that 在行文叙述上的差别。E.g.
I shall say this to you: he is a poor man.
He was ill. That?s why he didn?t come.
3.that 和those 用于表比较的结构。
The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown.
TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.
4. 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你.
五不定代词的用法
可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few
不可数much, (a) little
可数不可数none, any, other, all, some
复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing
1．none, no one, nothing 的用法区别
1）none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如：
— How many people are there in the room now ?
— None.
— Who is in the room ?
— No one / nobody
2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。
2. each 和every
1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：
The tickets each cost ten dollars.
这些票每张十美元。（each 作同位语，不能用costs）
2) every 还可表示“每……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。
every year or two 每一两年
every now and then 时常
every other day 每隔一天
Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。
one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车
3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表
不定代词意义用法说明
another 任何一
个，另一
个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：
I don?t like this coat. Show me another, please.
other 另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day。
the other 两者中的
另一个
常与one 连用，构成：one … the other… 一个……另一个……；作
定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
others 泛指别的
人或物
是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，
构成so me…others…
the others 特指其余
的人或物
是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。
4．Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法
都任何都不
两者both either neither
两者（以上）all any none
如：
1) I had to buy all these books because I didn?t know which one was the best.
2) It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails.
3) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.
4) — Which of the three ways shall take to the village ?
— Any way as you please.
5) We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any.
5.one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those
one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数/不可数名词。如：
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen.
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen.
The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk.
The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.
6.it 的用法
用法说明例句
1 用作人称代词，指代前面提到的
事物
This is not my book. It is Mary?s.
2 用来代替指示代词this 或that 错误！未找到引用源。—What?s this ? —It is a
dictionary.
错误！未找到引用源。— Whose jacket is that ? —
It is hers.
3 指人错误！未找到引用源。—Who is knocking at the
door ? —It?s me.
错误！未找到引用源。The baby no more cried as soon
as it saw its mother.
4 指时间、距离、天气、环境等错误！未找到引用源。—What?s the time now ? —
It?s ten past eight.
错误！未找到引用源。It?s getting colder and colder
now.
错误！未找到引用源。It?s about ten minutes? walk
from my home to the school.
错误！未找到引用源。It was very quiet at the moment.
5 指代前面整个句子的内容Our team won the football match. Have you heard
about it ?
6 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动
词，后面跟上it 然后再跟从句，
其从句作it 的同位语错误！未找到引用源。I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
② I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
③I like it in autumn when the weather is clear ad bright.
7 （未指明但谈话双方心里都明
白的）那件事、那种情况错误！未找到引用源。How is it ( = you life, work ) going ?
错误！未找到引用源。— Do you like it here ? —Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
8 it 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语
以代替主语从句、宾语从句。错误！未找到引用源。It?s impossible to get there in time.
错误！未找到引用源。I fi nd it strange that she doesn?t want to go.
II、实战演练
一、用适当的代词填空．使其意思和结构完整：
1. We couldn't eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us.
2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have
3. Although he is wealthy, he spends on clothes.
4. -- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
-- I'm afraid day is possible.
5. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay 15 dollars.
6. -- Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
-- If you keep still, you can sit at end.
7. These plants are watered (每两天).
8. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ______ money and ______ people.
9. There are a lot of trees on side of the square.
10. You will not see the animals in winter.
二、用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整:
1. The weather was very sunny the following day, was what we had expected.
2. I have finished reading all the books were borrowed from the school library.
3. Is this the second time you have been to Guangzhou?
4. is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop.
5. Can you think of another example this phrase can be used?
6. The train on he is traveling is late.
7. Do you still remember the happy days we spent together in Beijing?
8. I have bought the same skirt she is wearing.
9. Is this the reason he is late again?
10. Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone family was very poor,
11. l, am your best friend, will help you out.
12. The dam' will come the people all over the world will win liberation.
13. The students are talking about the strange people and stories they met in the adventure.
14. He is the very man in pocket I found my lost money.
15. I have a picture bv a famous painter was sent to me for my birthday.
三、语法填空：用适当的代词填空。
One day, as Zeng Zi?s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with 1 .
“Stay home,” the mother said to him. “When 2 return, we?ll kill a pig for 3 dinner!”
When she came back, 4 found Zeng Zi preparing to slaughter a pig for the child?s meal. She hurried over to stop 5 : What are you doing? You?re not really going to kill a pig, are you? I was just kidding him!”
“How can 6 lie to children?” Zeng Zi replied. “ 7 learn each and 8 movement from 9 parents. If 10 deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Zeng Zi killed the pig.
答案：
一．用适当的代词填空．使其意思和结构完整：
1. none; any
2. one
3. little
4. neither
5. another
6.either
7. every other day
8. less; fewer
9. every 10. all
二．用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整:
1. which
2. that
3. that
4. As 5 .where 6 .which 7. that/which 8. as 9 .why 10 .whose 11. who
12. when 13. that 14 .whose 15 .that/which
三、 1. her 2. I 3. your 4. she 5. him 6. we 7. They 8. every 9. their 10. you
专题四数词
I、重点难点解析
数词是用来表示事物和数量的顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词两种。
基数词功能做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语
读法
三要
点
A．记31个词：基数词1~19，20~29整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion
B．会读个、十、百位数
C．由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读做thousand, million和billion,逗号之间的按百位以内的数读
注意
A．表示“几百”、“几千”时，hundred, thousand等词不加s
B．hundred, thousand等词为复数时做名词，表示“数量很多”的意思
序数词构成
A．一般的基数词后+th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：ten→tenth B．整几十的基数词，去掉词尾的y再加ieth，如：thirty→thirtieth
C．几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
功能做定语，前面加the；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分数中的分母
一基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：
范围特点实例
1~12 无规律one, two, https://www.doczj.com/doc/c92281798.html,three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19 以teen为结尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 20~90 以ty结尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99 十位与个位之间要加连
字符“-”
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999 百位与十位之间通常用
and
three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）
千以上
6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
二序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：范围特点实例
1~19 各基数词尾加th 其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90 把y变i后加eth twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数最后一个数用序数词，其
余用基数词
21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
三数词的用法：
1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表
汉语示例英语表示法
时间表达2001年6月30日June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001 七点二十五分（7：25）seven twenty-five / twenty-five past even 十二点五十四分（12:54）twelve fifty four six to one
九点十五分（9：15）nine fifteen a quarter past nine
二点半（2：30）two thirty half past two
二十一点五十分（20：50）twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
数字表达第二十一twenty-first
第一百二十三one hundred and twenty-third 二分之一 a half
二又五分之二two and two-fifths
百分之二十20 per cent 20 percent
编号表达第七路公共汽车Bus Number 7
第201房间Room 201
人民路153号153 Renmin Road 第三中学No 3 Middle School
算式表达4+8 = 12 Four plus eight is twelve
11－7= 4 Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30 Six times five is thirty.
20÷5= 4 twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B A is more than B.
A＜B A is less than B.
A≈B A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equal to B. A≠B A is not equal to B.
2.约数表示法列表
含义英语表达例句
大于某数more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.
over she is over fifty.
or more There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数less than I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
under Children under seven are not allowed to enter. below He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars. or less The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数）高.考.资.源.网高.考.资.源.网nearly She is nearly fifty now.
almost Its almost three o'clock.
up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or He spent four or five days writing the article. or so The distance is twenty miles or so.
about I visited that village about three years ago. some Their team has some four or five players.
more or less The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
around/round Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数英语表达汉译
修饰可数名词dozens of 几十、许多scores of 许多Many / a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名
词)
许多、大量hundreds of 数以百计thousands of / thousands upon thousands of 成千上万millions of 数百万billions of 亿万
修饰不可数名词much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of
许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词a lot of / lots of ,plenty of,
a large quantity of ,
large quantities of
许多、大量
II、实战演练
根据句意将括号内的汉语译成英语
1.It is not rare ________________（在九十年代）that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
2.______________ （三分之二）of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
3. Americans eat __________________ （两倍多的）as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
4.The earth is ______________ (49倍)the size of the moon.
5.The grain output of this year is ___________________ （高8%）than that of last year.
6._______________ （几百万）people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.
7．The hero of the story is an artist ____________________ （三十多岁）．
8．Mr Smith asked me to buy _____________（两打）eggs for the dinner．
9．—Tell me where you live，please．
—I live____________________（在和平路123号）．
10. About ______________________ ( 三千人)took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq.
11. The rice production has __________________________ (增加了5.8%) this year.
12. There were fifteen presidents before Abraham Lincoln, so he was _____________ ( 第十六任)president.
13. It will take me ____________________________( 一年半的时间) to finish the course.
14. Is the Yellow River ___________________________(第二大河)in China?
15. ______________________ (开始的三个部分)of the text are rather difficult for us beginners.
16. I will stay here for _________________(一两天).
17. He lived in _________________________________(五楼506房).
18. The class was over. The students went out of the classroom __________________( 三三两两地).
答案：1. in the 90s 2. Two fifths 3. more than twice 4. 49 times 5. 8 percent higher
6.Several million 7．in his thirties 8.several dozen 9．at 123 Heping Street10. three thousand people 11. increased by five point eight percent 12. the sixteenth 13. one and a half years? time 14. the second largest 15. The first three parts 16. one or two days 1
7. Room 506 on the fifth floor 1
8. in twos or threes
专题五形容词和副词
I、重点难点解析
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型及用法。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考热点之一。
一形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称句型例句
相等 1.as+原级+as The train travels as fast as the 3：55 train．
2.as+原级+a/an+单数名词+as He is as honest a man as you.
3.as many+名词复数+as
as much+不可数名词+as
I have as many books as you.
4.倍数+as+原级+名词+as My room is twice as big as my brother?s.
不及not as/so+原级+as She is not as/so beautiful as her sister．
超越1．比较级+than Health is more important than wealth．2．the+比较级+of the two两者中较……
的一个
He is the taller of the two．
用于否定no+比较级+than
和……一样不He is no richer than I．他和我一样不富有。
用于否定再……不过（可译为“非常，十分”）His work couldn?t be worse．
他的工作再糟糕不过了。
程度递增-er and -er，more and more+多音节词原
级(越来越……)
higher and higher; more and more important
两种情况同时变化the+比较级，the +比较级(越……，
越……)
The quicker you get ready，the sooner we'll be able to
leave．
三者或三者以上比较the+最高级+of／in + 比较范围(…之中
最…)
Of all things in the world，people are the most
precious.
二比较级结构的修饰语
1 用于原级之
前
almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three
times, etc
The river is three times as long
as that one.
2 用于比较级1) many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复It takes many more hours to go
前数”前) there by train than by plane.
2) a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice, etc. My desk mate is even fatter than me.
3 用于最高级
前
the very, much the, by far the, the
first/second
This cake is by far the largest in
the world.
三两种形式的副词，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾。四以ly结尾的形容词：
1 表示时间的形容
词
hourly, daily, nightly, weekly, monthly,
quarterly, yearly, early, timely 及时的。
This theatre gives a
nightly performance.
2 表示人的形容词manly 男子气的，womanly 女人气的，
wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父亲般的，
childly 孩子般的，comradely 同志式的
What are wifely duties?
什么是做妻子的责任?
1
hard
hardly
hard 劝告；刻苦地；猛烈地；困难地He studies very hard . 他学习非常努力。
hardly 几乎不；简直不We hardly had time to eat breakfast . 我们简直没时
间吃早饭。
2
high
highly
high 高高地；地位高；声音高The plane flies high . 飞机飞得很高
highly 高度地；非常(常和praise , speak 等动
词连用)
They spoke very highly of him . 他们称赞他。
3
deep
deeply
deep
修饰具体动作时，往往两个词可换
用，但多用deep
They had to dig very deep (deeply) in order to find
water . 他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。
表示静止状态时只用deep (此时多与
介词、副词连用)。
The meeting continued deep into the night . 会议持
续到了深夜。
deeply
修饰形容词或过去分词只能用
deeply。
I am deeply grateful to you . 我非常感谢你。
deeply 可与hate , dislike , regret ,
admire , love , value 等动词连用，但
不能与动词like 连用。
I deeply regret his death . 我对他的去世深感遗憾。
4
late
lately
late 迟；晚。The bus arrived 5 minutes late . 公共汽车迟到了五
分钟。
lately 最近；不久前(同recently )。What have you been doing lately ? 最近你在做什
么?
as late as 与as lately as 都有“近至；直到”之
意，用法相同。
I saw him as late(lately) as yesterday . 直到昨天我
才看见他。
5
near
nearly
near 近；临近；在附近。The train came nearer and nearer . 火车越来越近
了。
nearly 几乎；差不多；将近。It is nearly ten o'clock . 差不多十点钟了。
6
close
closely
close 靠近；挨近；接近。Come close so that I can see you . 走近点以便我能
看清你。
closely 紧密地；紧紧地；秘密地；仔细地；严
密地。
We followed closely after him . 我们紧紧地跟在他
后面。
3 表示人的外貌、特
征、性格、心理等
的形容词
lovely, friendly, ugly, lively, lonely,
friendly, unfriendly, kindly, sickly, poorly,
elderly 年长的，homely 不漂亮的、朴
实的。
Children are usually
lively.
4 表示事物特征、环
境、情况、状态的
形容词
likely 可能的，orderly 整齐的，costly
花费大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有
貌的，chilly 凉的，disorderly 乱七八糟
的,unlikely 不可能的。
Please leave our
classroom in an orderly
way.让我们的教室整整
齐齐的。
五senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用
1 能与to连用，但
不能与than连用superior 优秀的，高级
的(反义词inferior)。
This restaurant is superior to the one we
went to last week．这家饭馆比我们上周毒
的那家好。
senior年长的，地位高
的，资格老的(反义词
junior ).
She is senior to everyone else in the
company.她在公司里比其他人资格都要
老。
2 既不能与than连
用，又不能与to
连用的major主要的minor次
要的，表示不太重要或
较次要。
The young actress was given a minor part in
the new play．年轻的女演员在这部新戏里
被分配担任一个小角色。
The infection is fairly minor, nothing to
worry about．感染不严重，用不着担心。
六某些以a开头的表语形容词
以a- 开头的只能作表语的形容词还有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike 等。特殊用法
1) alive“活着的，活的”是表语形容词，既可指人又可指物，有时可与living 互换。
He is dead, but his dog is still alive/living .他死了，但他的狗仍然活着。
2) alive 作定语一般放在所修饰的名词后：
Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人？
3) alive 可作宾语补足语：
Let's keep the fish alive. 让鱼活着的吧。
4)这类形容词一般都不能用very 修饰，但可用much 或very much 等修饰。
不能说：I am very alone，
只可以说I am much alone或very much alone。
七多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序大致为：
限定词(冠词/代词)→数词→描绘形容词→大小→形状→新旧→年龄→颜色→国籍→
材料＋名词
a small round wooden table; an old Chinese stone bridge;
the man?s first two famous small red French oil paintings
II、实战演练
填入适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的正确形式填空
1. The number of the trees that the villagers planted last year reached as __________ as 6,000,000.
2. There was so _________ smoke that they couldn?t see across the hallway.
3. My little brother is not old ___________ to go to school.
4. In that case, there is nothing you can do __________ than wait.
5. I must be getting fat－I can ____________ do my trousers up.
6. They are __________ little insects that we can not easily see them with our eyes.
7. There was __________ little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help.
8. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___________ she was getting.
9. I haven?t seen the movie and my brother hasn?t _____________.
10. He is always telling lies, so I will ________ believe him.
11. John is very lazy. He falls ________ behind in his studies.
12. Two passengers fell into the sea. ______________, neither of them could swim.
13. We talked ___________ into the night and I was ___________ moved by his words.(deep)
14. I found his talk very _____________ and I was really _____________ in it.(interest)
15. Who is the greatest poet ____________ (live)?
16. The more words you know, the ______________(easy) you can read.
17. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels _____________(little) desire to go to bed.
18. We have a __________ (month) rainfall of four inches in winter here.
19. He is by far the ___________ (good) student in his class.
20. I have two brothers and both of them are ___________ than me. My __________ brothers are friendly with
me.(old)
答案：1. many 2. much 3. enough 4. other 5. hardly 6. such 7. so 8. heavier
9. either 10. never 11. far 12. Unluckily/Unfortunately 13. deep, deeply 14. interesting, interested 15. alive 16. the more easily 17. the least 18. monthly 19. best 20.older, elder
二、语法填空
用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1 (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you?re 55 years old, I?m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don?t do it now; I?m too busy!”
The youngster immediately fell 2 (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3 (Apologetic) the father said, “You can finish later.”
The boy said nothing but 4 (quiet) walked away, 5 (disappoint). That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didn?t respond.
6 (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote…
“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7 (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”
Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8 (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9 (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10 (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.
答案：1. monthly 2. silent 3. Apologetically 4. quietly 5. disappointed 6. Unfortunately 7. thoughtless 8. warmly 9. rejection 10. important
Many people think teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 1 (necessary) for