2010年7月高等教育自学考试
英语国家概况试题
课程代码：00522
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答
I．MultipIe Choice Questions．(50 points，1 point for each)
Directions：In this part of the test,there are 50 unfinished statements or questions．For each of the unfinished statements or questions，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given．Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question．
Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet．
1.Christianity was first brought to England by______.
A.the Romans
B.the Celts
C.the Anglo-Saxons
D.the Danes
2.The names such as Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday came from______.
A.Christianity
B.Teutonic religion
C.Druidism
D.Catho1icism
3.At about 700 BC，______began to arrive in England from eastern and central Europe，now France，Belgium and southern Germany.
A.the Celts
B.the Beaker Folk
C.the Romans
D.the Anglo-Saxons
4.______made a treaty with the Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England，which later became known as the Danelaw.
A.King Ethelred
B.King Alfred
C.King Edward
D.King Harold
5.Many hundreds of rebels were put to death by______ as he passed triumphantly with an army of 40，000 men through Kent and Essex.
A.King Henry II
B.King Richard
C.King John
D.King Edward III
6.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into ______ constituencies，each of which has ______ representative(s) in Parliament.
A.651，one
B.561，two
C.651，two
D.561，one
7.The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______.
A.the Black Death
B.the Watt Tyler’s Uprising
C.the Hundred Years’War
D.the Glorious Revolution
8.It was during the reign of______that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.
A.E1izabeth I
B.Henry VIII
C.Charles I
D.Anne
9.Real religious Change came in Edward VI’s time.People call his switch to______ theology “t he Reformation”.
A.Puritan
B.Protestant
C.Catholic
D.Christian
10.The English Civil War has been seen as a conflict between________.
A.the Commons and the Lords
B.the King and the Barons
C.the Parliament and the King
D.the Crown and the Church
11.After William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey on their acceptance of the Bill of Rights，the age of_______ began.
A.monarchy
B.constitutional monarchy
C.capitalism
D.federal government
12.As a result of the First World War settlement，the ______was established.
A.League of Nations
B.British Commonwealth
C.British East India Company
D.United Nations
13.In Britain，the election of ________returned the________ to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.
A.1979，Conservative Party
B.1983，Labor Party
C.1979，Liberal Democrats
D.1983，Democratic Party
14.The House of Commons is headed by________.
A.the Prime Minister
B.the Speaker
C.the Lord Chancellor
D.the Monarch
15. The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by________.
A. the Celts
B. the Anglo-Saxons
C. the Normans
D. the Romans
16. Which of the following is NOT one of the members of the Lords Temporal in the House of Lords?
A. All hereditary peers and peeresses of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom.
B. Life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties.
C. Senior bishops of the Church of England.
D. All other life peers.
17. Margaret Thatcher believed in the following EXCEPT________.
A. self-reliance
B. the strengthening of trade unions
C. privatization
D. the use of monetary policies to control inflation
18. Established Churches in Britain are________.
A. the Church of England and the Church of Wales
B. the Church of Wales and the Church of Scotland
C. the Anglican Churches
D. the Church of England and the Church of Scotland
19. ________appeal to people wanting news of more entertaining character in Britain.
A. Popular newspapers
B. Quality newspapers
C. “Mid-market”newspapers
D. Daily newspapers
20. ________is the most popular sport in England and in Europe.
A. Rugby
B. Tennis
C.Snooker
D. Football
21. The Open University is a non-residential university based in the new town of________.
A. Milton Keynes
B. Glasgow
C. Edinburgh
D. Cambridge
22. From 1980 to 1989, the population between the age of 25 and 44 increased by 28.1% in America because_____.
A. those who were born during the period of large inflow of immigrants reached this age bracket
B. those who were born after the World War II reached this age bracket
C. those who were born during the World War I reached this age bracket
D. those who were born before the World War II reached this age bracket
23. On April 6, 1789, George Washington was elected the President of America and took the oath of office in_____.
A. Washington D.C.
B. Philadelphia
C. Boston
D. New York
24. After_____, the United States saw great developments in industry, agriculture, science and technology, and population.
A. the Civil War
B. the War of Independence
C. the Vietnam War
D. the Second World War
25. _____is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.
A. The Articles of Confederation
B. The American Constitution
C. The Declaration
D. The Bill of Rights
26. Faced with the serious economic crisis, the _____ administration refused to take strong government action to soften the effects of the Great Depression.
A. Hoover
B. Roosevelt
C. Wilson
D. Truman
27. As a result of_____, the United States had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor.
A. the First World War
B. the Second World War
C. the War of Independence
D. the Civil War
28. The Progressive Movement refers to a number of diverse efforts at_____ reforms.
A. political, social, and economic
B. political, educational, and social
C. political, religious, and social
D. educational, religious, and economic
29. Which of the following did NOT account for President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions?
A. The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906.
B. The active use of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
C. The withdrawal of 200 million acres of public land as forest reserve.
D. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.
30. On June 5, 1947, _____suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.
A. George Marshall
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. George Kennan
D. Harry Truman
31. President Truman on March 21, 1947 issued an executive order, initiating a comprehensive investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees. This was the beginning of _____.
A. McCarthyism
B. cleating out Soviet spies
C. widespread persecution of Communists and progressive people
D. persecution of federal employees
32. The slave system was formally ended by________in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
A. the Bill of Rights
B. the first ten Amendments
C. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
D. the Articles of Confederation
33. After the_______, the United States replaced France and became the main force in providing aid for the South
Vietnam government.
A. Paris Conference
B. Geneva Conference
C. Yalta Conference
D. Teheran Conference
34. Which of the following is NOT associated with Halloween?
A. “Trick or treat”.
B. “Spring Break”.
C. A night-time children’s holiday.
D. Pumpkin lanterns.
35. In _______masterpieces, Leaves of Grass, he praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man.
A. T.S. Eliot’s
B. Walt Whitman’s
C. Theodore Dreiser’s
D. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s
36. The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _______.
A. free-market economy with a dominant public sector
B. planned economy
C. monopoly
D. government involvement of economy
37. The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in_______.
A. 1788
B. 1789
C. 1790
D. 1791
38. Which is NOT the power of the President of the United States?
A. He shares certain lawmaking powers with Congress.
B. He is the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
C. He can determine whether legislation conforms to the Constitution.
D. He can give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.
39. Under _______to the United States Constitution, _______ takes the responsibility for education.
A. the Tenth Amendment, the federal government
B. the Thirteenth Amendment, the state
C. the Tenth Amendment, the state
D. the Thirteenth Amendment, the federal government
40. _______ embodies Thomas Jefferson’s belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.
A. The community college
B. The vocational college
C. The junior college
D. The public college
41. In the year 1845, _______marked the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.
A. the Great Famine
B. Enclosure
C. the Black Death
D. the English Renaissance
42. Ireland is unique among European countries for_______.
A. its small population
B. its beautiful scenery
C. its excessive rainfall
D. its century-long population decline
43. Under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Britain established _______with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.
A. the Anglican Church of Ireland
B. the Irish Free State
C. the Irish Republican Army
D. Fianna Fail
44. New Zealand is just_______ of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get the new day.
A. south
B. west
C. east
D. north
45. In the years that followed the Land Wars the basic philosophy of race relations became _______, rather than Maori self-determination.
A. assimilation
B. alienation
C. disassimilation
D. subjugation
46. Who was the first European to discover Canada?
A. John Cabot.
B. Abel Tasman.
C. Samuel de Champlain.
D. James Cook.
47. In 1931 by_______Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
A. the Act of Union
B. the Statute of Westminster
C. the British North American Act
D.the Constitution Act
48. Since 1945 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of_______.
A. free immigration
B. selected immigration
C. restricted immigration
D. encouraging immigration
49. In Australia, _______is better known as the Great Dividing Range.
A. the Eastern Highlands
B. the Great Western Plateau
C. the Central Eastern Lowlands
D. the Red Centre
50. In Australia, the hot, dry environment has a great influence on the following EXCEPT_______.
A. population distribution
B. plants
C. animals
D. the built environment
II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)
Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.
51. Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain?
52. What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?
53. What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France?
54. What is the “winner-take-all”system?
55. What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to provide safeguards?
56. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize?
57. How many geographical regions are there in Canada? What are they?
58. What does the Outback usually refer to?
59. What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga?
60. Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle?
III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)
Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.
61. the Black Death
62. the Great Charter (1215)
63. the Great Depression
64. Boston Tea Party