(a). 开头句型
适合discussion问题的开头
The issue/ discussion/ topic/ problem/ subject about/ of (whether 从句or how + 不定式) is of great interest/ concern/ importance/ significance to/ for···
has triggered/sparked off an intense controversy in the realm of···
?The issue of···is of great interest to···
e.g. The issue of whether the practice of requiring students to wear school uniforms will affect their personality and individuality is of great interest to many people.
?The topic of···is of great concern for···
e.g. The topic of whether it is appropriate and effective to use corporal punishment on young children is of great concern for many people.
?The subject of···is of great importance to···
e.g. The subject of how to resolve the problems caused by the rapid development of technology nowadays is of great importance to many scientists.
?The discussion about···is of great significance to···
e.g. The discussion about the most effective way to provide financial and technological supports to third-world countries is of great significance to both industrialized and developing countries.
?The question of···is a matter of much contention among
?The problem···has been widely debated in the world of···
?The inquiry into··has triggered/sparked off an intense controversy in the realm of···
e.g. The inquiry into the morality of conducting various researches and experiments on human cloning has triggered an intense controversy in the realm of science
对于人类克隆研究与实验的道德性所作的研究已经引起了科学界的激烈争议
适合agree/disagree问题的开头
?Although it is commonly believed that···, this is actually not the case
e.g. Although it is commonly believed that conventional views about a healthy lifestyle and proper conduct are no longer relevant to young people’s needs today, this is actually not the case.
?Although it is widely accepted that···, this is simply untrue in our day-to-day experiences
?Although it is generally acknowledged that···, this can hardly be held true in many real-life situations.
?Although conventional wisdom has it that···, the reality of the situation is often far more complicated than that.
虽然传统大众观念认为···，但是现状却远比这种观念要复杂得多
?Although the received opinion is that···, the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely different picture
虽然大众普遍接受的观点是···，但是无情的现实往往显现出不同的图景
e.g. Although the received opinion is that schoolchildren generally benefit from watching television and using other high-tech media in their learning process, the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely different picture.
?Although many people subscribe to the belief that···, this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up
虽然许多人认同这样的观点：···，但是事实上这却是一种我们需要澄清的普遍错误观念
e.g. Although many people subscribe to the belief that providing public library facilities and services is a waster of taxpayer’s money, this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up.
?Although most individuals are convinced that···, this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded.
虽然大多数人坚信···，但这却是一种我们必须揭穿的普遍错误观点
e.g. Although most individuals are convinced that their happiness is closely linked with the level of their financial success, this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded.
表示趋势的句型
There has been a growing trend that···
an interesting tendency that/of···
a common practice of/that···
a widespread phenomenon that···
e.g. There has been a widespread phenomenon that students from rural areas find it increasingly difficult to have access to college or university education.
?Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of···
?Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in···
e.g. Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in agricultural development, where industrial technologies are being employed and new varieties of crops are being created, yet, opponents of this development have raised a number of difficult questions. From my point of view, this is a really complicated matter, and we need further investigations to understand the whole picture.
(b). 中立关系
?It is worth mentioning that···值得一提的是
?It is by no means certain that···完全不能确定的是
?It is far too soon that···为时过早的是
?It is not uncommon that···不足为奇的是
?It is undeniable that···不可否认的是
?It is unavoidable that 不可回避的是
?It is obvious/ evident/ manifest that 明显的是
?It is gradually borne in on sb that 逐渐被某人认识到
?It is of great interest that···广为兴趣的是
?It is of paramount importance that··· 首要的是
?It is of great urgency that···刻不容缓的是
?It is + 副词+ suggested/argued/advised/believed that 普遍认为
?It is widely accepted that
?It is generally/commonly believed that 普遍相信的是
?It is universally acknowledged that 众所周知的是
?It is strongly/commonly suggested recommended/ advised that 强烈建议的是?It is sometimes argued that 有时候争论的是
?There is/was little/no substance that ···几乎毫无/没有根据
?It is no without substance that ···并非没有根据
表达观点的句式
?Advocates of······的支持者
?Opponents of······的反对者
Point out/ argue/ claim声称/believe / assert断言/ declare宣称/ conceive设想that ?
表示趋势的句型
There has been a growing trend that···
an interesting tendency that/of···
a common practice of/that···
a widespread phenomenon that···
Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of
witnessed a major transformation in
?
表示“强调某种状态在特定明显或不明显”的句型
This is especially true if/when we consider the fact that/when it comes to/in terms of 当我们考虑··的时候，这一点尤为正确
It is not even always true that··· ···并不是总是正确的
?
Incline to = tend to 倾向于
?
Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal) access to
获得/得到直接/自由/容易/方便/不受限制/受限制/平等/接近的机会
e.g. Men and wowen should have equal access to education and employment.
?
Be accompanied by B 伴随A
?
Be entitled to = be eligible to = be authorised to 使享有权利，使符合资格
e.g. the privately insured are entitled to special benfits such as having the choice pf their own doctors, and being able to avoide long waiting lists for hospital beds.
?
Have and will continue to 现在是并且将来也会继续···
e.g. Education has been and will continue to be central to the country’s economic performance in the 21st century.
?
Give rise to = bring about = create = generate = provoke(负面的) = evoke 引起，造成
e.g. Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace.
Have/exert an influence/impact/effect on sb/sth 起···作用
Play a role in sth 扮演···角色
?正面:Considerable/enormous/dominant/profound/crucial/beneficial(favourable)/ stablizing/pervasive/substantial/lasting/formative
相当大的/巨大的/起支配作用的/深远的/有利的/稳定的/广泛的/实际的/(对成长或发展) 重大作用
?负面:adverse(unfavourable)/corrupting /destructive (devastating/disruptive)
不利的/腐蚀的/破坏的
Have inherent advantages/disadvantages 有内在的优点/缺点
e.g. In terms of environmental protection, exporting agricultural products by means of air transportation has its inherent disadvantages.
?
Be in a position to do 有条件去做
e.g. Because of the existence of express transport such as air freight, people in frigid zone are in a position to acquire more nutritious food and vegetable from the tropical zone.
?
Be a double-edged sword ···是一把双刃剑
?
Equip sb with sth = furnish sb with sth 装备，使有能力，向···提供
?
Turn on = hinge on 取决于
e.g The environmental protection hinges on the actual action by the civilians.
?
A is a key determinant of
B A是B的决定因素
e.g. In an individual’s career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.
?
Be an underlying factor in···是···潜在/隐含力量
e.g. Human curiosity is an underlying factor in the growing popularity of newspapers
?
Rely (almost exclusively) on = depend on (几乎全)依靠
e.g. Children should not always rel y on parent’s help.
?
Be considered as = be think of as = be acknowledged as = be regarded as 被认为是
?
Be served/used as a brenchmark
?
It turned out that = turn out to be 证明是
E.g. the advancement of technology turns out be conducive to the mankinds.
?
Be confronted with···= In the face of ··· 面临着
e.g. be confronted with/in the face of fierce/stiff/intense competition
?
Deserve/require (careful/full/serious/sufficient/ special) consideration 需要仔细/全面/认真/足够/特别考虑
Take sth into consideration/account 考虑到，顾及
?
A and
B are not mutually exclusive 两者并不互相排斥
e.g. This two options are not mutually exclusive.
?
Be no exception to···也不例外
e.g. There is no exception to this rule in modern or in accent times.
?
Does not necessarily mean 并不必然意味着
?
···be now a commonplace···司空见惯的事
?
A and
B alike 两者都，同样地
?
Reach saturation point 到达饱和程度
?
End up + doing/ adj/ in sth 以···告终
(c). 插入语和衔接词
In essence 本质上
?
In terms of 就···而言
?
As the case may be, 句子or 主语+谓语, as the case may be, 宾语
根据具体情况而定，视情况而定
e.g. Students should be given sufficient autonomy in deciding the courses they take as the case may be.
?
More often than not, 句子. 通常，往往
e.g. More often than not it is these moments that separate the victors from the rest – because they never despair , and press on when others fade.
往往就是这些时刻将成功者与其他人区分开来——因为成功者从不绝望，会在他人放弃时选择坚持下去。
表示“依我而言”的词组
From my point of view,
From my perspective,
To my mind,
In my opinion,
To my way of thinking
关于By no means 的应用
Be by no means an exclusive/a unique way 绝不是唯一的方法
Be by no means confined to···绝不局限于
e.g. Poverty and deprivation are by no means confined to the north of the country.
Be by no means fortuitous/coincidential 绝非偶然
e.g. The occurrence of such things is by no means fortuitous/ coincidental
Be by no means isolated 绝非孤立/个别
e.g. Such cases, though not prevalent, are by no means isolated.
Be by no means separated from 绝不应该脱离
e.g. Theory should by no means be separated from practice. 理论绝对不应该脱离实际
Be by no means certain 仍未确定的
e.g. It is by no means certain that genetrically modified food will benefit humans in the future. 转基因食品能否在未来有益于人类仍是不确定的
Be by no means a perfect way 绝非完善的方法
e.g. This is by no means a perfect way to solve the problem.
表示例证的句型
···is a good case in point
= one example will suffice to illustrate this point
= a telling(有说服力的) /notorious (臭名昭著的) example is ···
= ···is a representative of ···
表示大量的词组
A+形容词+ number of+可数名词+谓语动词复数
A+形容词+amount of+不可数名词+谓语动词单数(time/money/information/help/data)
大量的: Massive/considerable/enormous/ tremendous
不成比例的:disproportionate
小量的:Limited/moderate/small
A wide range of = a vast/impressive array of = a wealth of = a host of = a variety of
表示“一系列”的词组
A series of = a chain of = a sequence of
表示“等等”的词组
and so forth = and so on = and the like
表示程度的短语
in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
in no small/ some/ large/ equal measure 在很大/某种/很大/同样程度上To some/a certain extent 在某种/一定程度上
To a lesser extent 其次
表示“关于，谈及到，就···而言”的词组
When it comes to
With respect to
In regard to
In relation to
表示某个时间段的词组
In the midst of 正值···时候
Amid + 名词词组在···当中
Under the wave of + 名词在···浪潮中
表示伴随状态的词组
With the rapid development of···随着···快速发展
With the advent of···随着···时代的来临
With the proliferation of···随着···扩散
With the huge expansion of···随着···扩张
表示“不管”的词组
Regardless of = irrespective of
表示“考虑到，鉴于”的词组
In the light of = in view of
表示“更不用说”的词组
not to mention + sth = let alone
表示“(对社会规则的)遵从，遵守”的词组
In conformity with = in compliance with = in accordance with
表示“除了之外”的词组
Apart from···= Other than···
表示“连锁反应”的词组
Domino effect 多米洛骨牌效应
Knock-on effect 连锁反应
(d). 积极关系
Be made (readily/ freely/ publicly/ generally) available for/to sb
可以容易/免费/让公众/普遍得到
e.g. Free medical care must be made available for those too poor to do so.
Provide/give sb deep/penetrating/revealing/ fascinating insights into sth
给予某人深刻的/有启发性的/发人心省的/生动的见识
e.g. The old buidling in cities can give people especially teenagers fascinating insights into the change of history.
acquire/advance/broaden/deepen one’s understanding of sth获得/增进···见识
= gain/get/obtain insights into
?
Have better acquaintance with 更了解···
e.g. Have better acquaintance with the local needs than those in other countries so that it utilise the social resources more efficiently
= have better knowledge with
e.g. Local people or government have better knowledge with the operation of charity organization in terms of the oversee of donations, thus ascertaining the transparency of fund arrangement and avoiding misappropriation of the public fund.
?
Become/be proficient/skillful in/at sth/ in doing 精通，熟练
e.g. student should become proficient in using several languages.
?
Instill sth in/into sb = inculcate sth in/into sb 灌输某人···
e.g. instill an idea/confidence deeply into sb
inculcate a sense of responsibility in sb
= impart sth to sb 传授···给某人
?
Be capable of sth/doing sth有能力的，足以胜任的
= be competent to do sth
= Be more than capable of ···完成有能力
e.g. Schools should equip students with practicial skills so that they are competent to find a job under current fierce competition.
Be well/fully aware of/that = be conscious of/that 意识到，注意到
e.g. People have been fully aware of the urgency of environmental protection.
Be the major beneficiaries from = largely benefit from··· 成为最主要的受益人
e.g. In respective of individuals, they are the major beneficiaries from doing their tasks at home in this age of the computer technology
Be conducive/ helpful/ beneficial/instrumental to··· 有利于, 对···起作用
= be advantageous to
= be of advantge to = to the advantage of
e.g. be instrumental in bring about an end to the conflict.
An environment conducvie to learning
?
Be given sufficient/greater autonomy in doing··· 给予足够的/更大的自主权
e.g. students should be given sufficient autonomy in deciding the courses they take as the case may be Be in the best interest of···符合···利益
e.g. Even though most citizens are conscious that recycling garbage can fully utilise natural resources in the best interest of the whole society, they are still reluctant to do so
?
Become an indispensable part of··· 成为···不可分割的一部分
e.g. car have become an indispennsable part of our lives.
?
Make use of = turn sth to good account = take advantage of sth 善用/利用机会
e.g. People should put the media to good account.
We should make better use of our resources.
?
Break down/remove/cross/overcome the barriers打破/消除/跨越/克服障碍
e.g. they believe that sport can cross any barriers.
他们相信体育可以跨越任何障碍。
?
Get rid of···摆脱, 消除(不好的感觉,情况)
= rid sb/sth/yourself of sb/sth 消除, 解除
= extricate sb/sth/yourself from sth (使)摆脱, 脱离, 解救, 挣脱
e.g. he had managed to extricate himself from most of this official duties.
?
Alleviate the heavy burden of··· 减轻···重负
e.g Staying at home for work and study can alleviate the heavy burden of transport and energy consumption.
?
Serve a useful function of 起到有用的功能
= Perform the function of 履行···的功能
= Fulfilll a valuable function in 实现一种有价值的功能
= Serve the purpose of 起到···的目的
= Fulfill an educational purpose 实现一种教育目的
e.g. It is sometimes claimed that zoo perform an improtant function in the protection of endangered or rare species
e.g Apart from serving the practical function of giving people a comfortable shelter, a good building should also fulfill an aesthestic purpsoe by inviting the residents to appreciate its beauty both inside and outside.
e.g. Visiting museum is not only an enjoyable experience for young children, but it also fulfills an important edcuational purpose by exposing them to a rich deposit of history, culture and tradition.
?
Be/get accustomed to doing/sth 习惯于···
= be/get used to doing/sth
e.g. Students should not get accustomed to relying on others’ help.
?
Adapt yourself to sth/ doing 适应(新环境)
= adjust oneself to sth/ doing
e.g. students should adjust themselves to current fierce competition
?
Serve/ satisfy/ cater to the needs of··· 满足···要求
e.g. satisfy/cater to the needs of tourists from abroad
serve the needs of future generations
?
Cater for sth 迎合
e.g. Catering for international tours, the local government commits more money to improve local infrastructure.
?
Provide a solid foundation for···提供巩固的基础
e.g. respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.
= Lay the foundation on···为···提供基础
e.g. Basic science lays the foundation on which any other subjects are built.
Have no more worries about··· 不用再担心
e.g. The owners of companies have no more worries about employees not coming for work, because of the heavy snow storm.
Be immune to 不···(负面的)影响
e.g. The corporate sector has remained largely immune to this crisis.
Immerse oneself in = Commit oneself to sth 潜心于，专心于
e.g. Student should immerse themselves in studying theory in universities instead of learning practical skill Reach a consensus on 达成共识
e.g. The EC Council of Finance Ministers failed to reach a consensus on the pace of integration
?
Be brought up to do···教养，培养
e.g. It is standard practice that children are brought up to respect the law.
通常来说，小孩子接受教育要遵守法律
?
Keep the pace with 与···俱进
e.g. A number of advanced professional personnel are needed to keep the pace with the rapid economic development.
?
With less +名词+动名词组合, greater possibilities of 动名词组合will be taking place someday. 如果少一点的··,··更有可能在某天发生
e.g With less people driving to work or school, greater possibilities of returning us a balance in ecosystem will be taking place someday.
(e). 否定关系
Serious/distinct/relative lack/ shortage/ absence/ insufficiency/ scarcity of
= Be lack of/be short of/ be deficient in/ be in need of (严重地/明显地/相对地) 缺乏···?
Be a hurdle to/ be a hindrance to/ be a barrier to 阻碍···
= confronted with/encounter/erect/put up barriers to
?
Scratch the surface of the problem 治标不治本
e.g. obviously, this solution scratch the surface of the problem.
Find it difficult to be immune to···很难不受···的影响
e.g. with the development of globalisation and social development, one country finds it difficult to be immune to global affairs.
Be (severely/grievously) stricken with sth = be afflicted with/by = suffer from
受煎熬，遭难的，受折磨
e.g. The country ends up being stricken with the epidemic.
A bear/take the brunt of
B A首当其冲受到B的不利影响
e.g. women bear the brunt of childcare duties
School will bear the brunt of cuts in govenment spending.
政府削减开支，学校将首当其冲受到影响
?
Fall prey to sth 受害，受坏影响
e.g. the new government has fallen prey to corruption and fraud.
新一届政府深受腐败和欺诈行为之苦
?
Be vulnerable to 容易受···(不好的)影响
e.g. The entity is potentially vulnerable to competitor’s moves.
Students are usually vulnerable to social evils. 易受到社会恶习腐蚀
?
Be prone to sth 易于遭受，有做(坏事)的倾向
e.g. tired, malnourished people are prone to infection.
Come with unpleasant/undesirable side-effects···伴随着不好的副作用
?
Fall victim to = become a victim of 成为···的牺牲品
e.g. Vital public services have fallen victim to budget cuts
一些重要的公众服务项目成了削减预算后的牺牲品
?
A take one’s toll on
B A对B产生严重不良影响, 造成重大损失
e.g. The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets. 经济衰退使住房市场遭受重创
The pressure of trying to win a competition has taken its toll on their health.
Illness had taken a heavy toll on her. 疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害
?
Shake/rock the foundations of sth 从根本上动摇···
e.g. this issue has shaken the foundations of French politics. 这个问题从根本上动摇了法国的政治
?
run counter to = be at odds with sth = conflict with 与···不相符/相矛盾
e.g. government intervening in people's private lives run counter to modern democratic spirit.
?
动词形式：interfere in/with = intervene in 干涉，介入
名词形式：interference in/with = intervention in/with
e.g. government should interfere in the coverage of media.
?
动词形式：impinge on/upon = encroach on/upon侵犯
名词形式：impringing on/upon = encroachment on/upon
e.g. one country should not impringe on other's internal affairs.
?
Be (potentially/rather/highly) hazardous to 对···有潜在/相当/很大的危害
e.g. chemicals that are harzardous to human beings
?
Defeat the very purpose of = render sth useless/ineffective 使某物无用/无效
e.g. Merely equipping students with employment skills may defeat the very purpose of universities as educational institutions.
?
Serve no useful purpose 不起作用
e.g. the experiments serve no useful purpose.
?
Be awash with sth = be inundated with sth 充斥着···
e.g. TV nowadays is awash with violent and pornographic content
?
Create a vicious circle 产生恶性循环
e.g. It turns out to be a vicious circle of destruction/ poverty
句子+ to the detriment of +名词 = Be detrimental to 有害于，不利于
e.g. He works longer and longer hours, to the detriment of his marriage.
?
Pose a grave threat to···对···构成威胁
e.g. In present-day society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable trash poses a grave threat to humanity.
句子+ at the expense of + 名词以（损害）···为代价
e.g. High production rates are often achieved at the expense of quality of work.
?
Be notorious for sth/ doing sth 因···而臭名昭著
e.g. The international fast foods have long been notorious as a kind of junk food.
?
Be apathetic to/about= be (utterly)indifferent to 对···冷漠/漠然
Not have sb’s best interests at heart不关心···利益
e.g. People intend to maximize their own interest instead of having the best interests of the whole society at heart.
?
Get/grow weary of sth/ doing sth= lose interest in 对···不再热心
e.g. students grow weary of learning a series of historical fact.
?
Be reluctant to = be unwilling to 不愿意
e.g. People are reluctant to recycle garbage for the reason that they cannot acquire direct benefit from it.
?
Turn a blind eye to = shut one’s eyes to sth对···视而不见
e.g. Those children have a good life and to turn a blind eye to patriotism
Have a slack attitude about对···持有疏忽的态度
Be largely ignored/neglected by···= lose sight of 被···忽略
e.g. Strange as it may seem, the significance of basic science – the main driving force behind productivity, has been largely ignored by the general public.
?
Addict oneself to doing = get/be(irreparably不可收复地/seriously) addicted to
= indulge oneself in = indulgence in 沉迷，放纵
e.g. addict oneself to gambling, drug, electronic game, pornograhy, delights of lesure (安逸)
Too much indulgence in the Internet games or movies may lead to a superficial (肤浅的) idiot (傻子) short of abstract thinking or may aggravate the isolation of the single children.
?
Give way to temptation= not resist the temptation to 经不住诱惑
e.g. the young are not mature enough so that they may not resist the temptation to conduct some unhealthy behaviours.
?
Be accused of = be prosecute for/as 被指责/被控告
= be on trial(审理) for
= Accuse/prosecute sb of doing/sth
= A stand accused of = stand trial/go on trial for A 被控告···
?
lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎某人
e.g. some lay the blame for falling exports on financial turmoil sweeping many Asian countries
有的人干脆认为造成出口下降的原因是横扫亚洲许多国家的金融危机。
?
be criticised for···因···受到批评
be condemned for/by···因···受到谴责(宽恕condone)
Sentence Structure 常用的“主语+系动词+表语”的句型 1....Be (beneficial, important, essential, required, crucial, vital, critical, challenging, difficult, harmful, detrimental, exposed, subject, vulnerable) to something 练习：过度工作对工作者的健康有害。 Overworking is detrimental to workers’ health. 2.Be of benefit (value, importance, interest, concern) to something 练习：在有关小孩成长的重要事情上，父母应该和小孩商量。 Parents should consult children on matters of importance to children’s development. 3.Be likely (unlikely, able, unable, willing, unwilling ,reluctant, pleased, inclined, prone) to do something 练习：环境主义者倾向于反对高密度种植。 Environmentalists are inclined to disagree with intensive farming. 4.The main purpose (objective, function, duty, key, priority) of somebody/something is to do something 练习：学校的主要功能是传播知识。 The main function of schools is to impart knowledge. 5.Be aware (mindful, wary, conscious) of something 练习：很多父母现在意识到儿童早期教育的重要性。 Many parents are now aware of the importance of early childhood education. 6. Be familiar (satisfied, obsessed, preoccupied, concerned) with something 练习：很多父母现在满脑子都是他们的职业。 Many parents are completely preoccupied with their careers. 7.Be under threat (under pressure, under scrutiny, at sick of) 练习：因为缺乏资金，很多的学科项目有倒闭的风险。 Many scientific projects are under threat of closure due to lack of funding. 8.It is important (necessary, easy, difficult, reasonable, imperative, pointless) to do something 练习：否认父母在小孩早期教育的重要性是没有理由的。 It is pointless to deny the importance of parents in children’s early education. 常用的“主语+不及物动词”的句型 9....disappeared/vanished/emerged/surfaced/occurred/happened 练习：当国家付出努力提高经济的时候，问题出现了。 Problems have surfaced when countries make an effort to develop their economies. 10. Something increased (climbed/grew/rose/dropped/declined/slid/slipped/plummeted) 练习：电子商务在GDP的比重越来越重要。 E-commerce has increased in importance as share of GDP. 11.Something contribute to (lead to, result in, result from, give rise to, consist of, make up) something 练习：工业化导致资源的耗尽。 Industrialisation has contributed to the depletion of resources.
雅思考试语法之时态解析给大家分享了时态的概念和分类，时态对雅思考试的作用以及常见时态的用法，大家可以参考一下。 一、时态的定义和分类 在英语中，为了表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系，需要用时或时态。不同的时态表示不同的时间与方式。在英语中，共有16种时态，常见的时态有8种(红色字体)。大家可以看下表： 二、时态对雅思考试的作用 对于雅思听力考试而言，要求考试的答案非常准确。其中一项考察的就是答案的时态是否正确，比如一般过去时写成了一般现在时，现在完成时写成了一般将来时等等。对于雅思阅读而言，文章中出现各种各样的时态更是家常便饭，同学们只有掌握了不同时态的具体含义，才能更好地明白那些句子表达的意思，才能更准确地做题。 对于雅思口语和写作来说，时态的考察更为严格。如果雅思口语中出现了时态的表达错误，或者自己交流过程中，只会频繁的只用一种时态，考官会偏向于降低的你的口语成绩。写作考试，不管是大作文还是小作文，出现了时态错误，可能你的作文等级就会降低。这是因为对时态的把握是英语表达中最基本的技能，用不同的时态表达同一句话绝对是两个意思。 三、常见时态的语法讲解 1. 一般现在时/过去时/将来时：一般时态表示现在、过去、将来发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。另外，一般现在时还可以表示客观事实和普遍真理。一般现在时的结构为：主语+do/does/am/is/are+…;一般过去时的结构为：主语+did/was/were+…;一般将来时的结构为：主语+will+do/be+…。大家可以参考下面的例子： 例1：一般过去时
(Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental) engineering projects (designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower) brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. (剑7 Test 4 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：这句话的主干是一般过去时engineering projects brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. 童鞋们，前面那些一大串Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental 都是修饰主语的，后面的designed作后置定语修饰主语，后面跟了三个to do 结构：to control… protect…and provide…。 例2：一般将来时+一般现在时 Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class. (剑7 Test 4 Passage 3) 句子结构分析：Through引导方式状语，句子主干是一般现在时they develop the expectation that…，由and 连接的两个并列that从句，作定语修饰the expectation。两个定语从句都是一般将来时。 2. 现在进行时/过去进行时：进行时态表示现在或过去正在进行的动作。现在进行时的结构为：主语+am/is /are doing+…;过去进行时的结构为：主语+was/were doing+…。举例如下： 例1：现在进行时 We are studying English at present . 例2：过去进行时 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. 3. 现在/过去完成时：现在完成时表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成;或者表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。过去完成时表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。现在完成时的结构为：主语+have/has +done +…;过去完成时的结构为：主语+had +done +…。 例1：现在完成时+一般在现在时 Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytimetrades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. (剑7 Test 4 Passage 1) 句子结构分析：Given that考虑到，作状语，第一个that引导there be宾语从句，第二个that引导主系表结构的从句，主句是现在完成时，natural selection has favoured bats…，第三个that引导定语从句修饰bats。
Contents 1. 词性 (3) 1.1 主要词性的列表 (3) 1.2 非谓语动词（不定式和动名词） (5) 2. 句子成分 (6) 3. 单句 (8) 4. 从句 (10) 4.1 从句的分类 (10) 4.1.1状语从句 (10) 4.1.2 名词性从句 (10) 4.1.3 定语从句 (11) 5. 语法的常见错误 (13) 5.1 关于冠词和单复数的语法错误 (13) 5.2 词性使用错误 (15) 5.3 谓语错误 (17) 5.3.1 主谓不一致 (17) 5.3.2 时态 (18) 5.3.3 情态动词+do (19) 5.3.4 被动语态或者是主系表结构没有加be动词 (19) 5.3.5动词原形之前永远不能加be动词（包括is, are等） (19) 5.3.6 不可能同时出现两个助动词，或者一个情态动词+一个助动词 (19) 5.4 句子结构的常见问题 (20) 6 附录 (22) 6.1 附录1 一些比较容易搞错的不可数名词 (22)
非母语学习者学习英文一定要注意语法。因为他们是用眼睛学英文的，而不是用耳朵和嘴巴。 即便他们每天和native speakers交流，也很难短时间熟悉很多句子。 花1-2天学习语法的规则和概念，可以提高你们的改错能力，句子的写作能力。这是英文学习的基础。 很多同学会问，那么语法学习学到什么程度才算达标呢？ 下面是老顾所总结的语法学习的几个衡量标准。 1 懂得词性（譬如说动词介词等）和用法特点 2 懂得单词在句子之中充当的成分（譬如说主谓宾等） 3 懂得察觉语法错误或者句子错误。 一般来说，雅思如果有四大错误，就很难获得六分。 1 冠词和名词单复数错误 2 词性错误（譬如说介词当连词使用） 3 谓语错误 4 句子结构错误 如何使用PDF去搜索你要的信息？ CTRL+F，出现对话框，输入你想搜索的关键词，“不定式”
雅思口语话题必备句式 雅思口语考试不是因为难度有多大而难倒众多考生，而是因为要面对考官直接交流的形式来考试，所以烤鸭们难免紧张。但是若是备考充分，自然不必紧张害怕，本文雅思口语话题必备句式，供大家参考。 --- 话题21 机器人 --- 考试必背句子 Robots can helpus do some household chores in future.^将来机器人可以帮助我们干些家务杂活。 Robots have nofeelings and they only accept predesigned orders.^机器人没有感情，他们只能接受预先设置好的程序。 Robots can beused in some dangerous and poisonous working conditions.^机器人能被用在某些有毒、危险的工作场合。 Robots work moreefficiently than human beings.^机器人能比人类工作更有效率。 It is amazingthat robots can understand our orders.^机器人能懂得人类的指令真是不可思议。 If robots arewidely used, we human beings will have more time to relax.^如果机器人被广泛利用，我们人类就会有更多休闲时间。 As far as I'mconcerned，robots will be widely usedin factories in future.^就我看来，将来机器人会被广泛使用于工厂。 Robots withartificial intelligence can decide to do something by themselves.^具有人工智能的机器人能自己决定做一些事。 Some robots cando what we can't do.^有些机器人能做我们做不了的事。 In future, allthose repetitive things will be done by robots.^将来，所有重复的工作会由机器人完成。 No matter how,the robots will not take the place of our brains.^无论怎样，机器人是不会替代我们的大脑的。
最新雅思写作常用万能句型整理大全 1.The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. In that case, ______________. 2. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA. For one thing, ______________. for another, ______________. 3. My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above. 4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________. 5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________. 6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________. 7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. Only in this way can ______________ in the future. 8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________. 9. But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. For example, ______________, while ______________. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________.
雅思写作语法总结 1．时态问题： 四种时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将来时 一般现在时：第三人称单数，例如： 打工对一个人的将来的事业有深远的影响。 Taking part-time jobs exerts profound impacts on one’s future career. 国际旅游业促进经济发展。 International tourism promotes the economic development. 现在进行时：表示逐渐的过程 is developing rapidly/dramatically. 现在完成时：表示结果，一般表示变化大，发展了。注意常用搭配：In recent years, In the past decades… 最近几十年期间，世界发生了巨大的改变。 In the past decades, dramatic changes have taken place in the world. 最近几年，科技极大的改变了人们的生活。 In recent years, technology has reshaped people’s life. 犯罪率急剧上升。 The crime rate has increased sharply. 一般将来时：will do 电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用，但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位。 Computers will play an increasingly critical role in education, but it is not possible
雅思口语这些高频替换句型你必须 收下 雅思口语这些高频替换句型你必须收下，一起来学习一下 吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思口语这些高频替换句型你必须收下 1 如何更好表达“我喜欢”? 跟朋友聊天时要这么说 I like/enjoy/love/prefer/adore ? I am a big fan of ? I have a crush on... I am quite/really into ? Sth. /Doing sth. is really my favorite thing to do（强调置首）跟陌生人要淑女一点 I am fond of ? I am in favor of ? I fancy
I am keen on ? 高雅场合要保持高贵 I like A better than B I have a preference for ? I prefer A to B 2 如何更好表达“我想，我认为”? 淡定式 In terms of ?, I think that ? When it comes to?, I just consider that Speaking of ?, I feel/find that ?Regarding to ?, my point is that ? It occurs to me that ? “要死要活”式 Personally, it seems to me that ? From my perspective, I strongly believe that It is my belief that ? 写作时要保持高大上
2、What do you recommend.你有什么建议么？ 3、do research on 调查。 4、Go for it.请讲。 5、I could n’t help laughing.我忍不住大笑起来。 6、pout[pa?t] v 噘嘴 7、Why are you pouting？你为什么撅着嘴呀？ 8、Bite one’s lips.咬嘴唇。 9、bite[ba?t]v 咬。 10、wink[w??k]v 使眼色。 11、He winked at me just now.他刚才朝我使了个眼色。 12、Roll one’s eyes.翻白眼。 13、Don’t roll your eyes at ’ impolite.别对比人翻白眼，这样不礼貌。 14、Make a face.做鬼脸。 15、The kid made a face at his father.这个小孩朝他爸爸做了个鬼脸。 16、frown[fra?n] v 皱眉 17、why are you frowning.你为什么皱着眉头。 18、wardrobe [?w?:dr??b]n.衣柜 19、Have you chosen a business location yet？你选好公司地址了么？ 20、veteran[?vet?r?n] n.经验丰富的人，老兵。 21、denote [d??n??t] v.表示，指示。 devote[d??v??t]v.奉献。 donate [d???ne?t]v.捐赠。 22、mammal [?m?ml]n.哺乳动物。 manual[?m?nju?l] adj.用手的，手工的。 23、foetus[?fi:t?s] n.胎儿。 She didn’t want to know the sex of the foetus.她不想知道胎儿的性别。 24、mortality[m?:?t?l?ti]n.死亡数，死亡率。 morality[m??r?l?ti]n.道德，道德准则。 25、optical[??pt?kl]adj视觉的，光学的。 Optical instrument光学仪器。 Optical defect视觉缺陷。 26、merge[m?:d?] v.合并，混入。 She merged into the crowd.他渐渐消失在人群中。 27、deliberate[d??l?b?r?t]v.深思熟虑，仔细考虑。 Deliberate on/about sth仔细考虑某事。 28、youth [ju:θ]n.青年，小伙子。 His youth is past.他的青春已过。 29、attentive [??tent?v]adj.注意的，专心的。 Be attentive to the detail.留心细节。 30、package [?p?k?d?] n.包裹，包装袋，包装盒。 Get a package收到快递。 31、get[get] v.得到，获得。 32、courier[?k?ri?(r)] n.信使，快递员。 33、Could you pass me the book?可以把那本书递给我么？
分享常用的雅思口语句型模版 本文三立在线老师为大家整理了一些雅思口语模板句型，希望同学们都能取得好成绩。 I get up at six o''clock.我六点起床。 I meet the boss himself.我见到了老板本人。 I owe you for my dinner.我欠你晚餐的钱。 I really enjoyed myself.我玩得很开心。 I''m fed up with my work !我对工作烦死了! It''s no use complaining.发牢骚没什么用。 She''s under the weather.她心情不好。 The child sobbed sadly. 小孩伤心地抽泣着。 The rumor had no basis. 那谣言没有根据。 They praised him highly.他们大大地表扬了他。 Winter is a cold season.冬天是一个寒冷的季节。 You can call me any time. 你可以随时打电话给我。 What shall we do tonight?我们今天晚上去干点儿什么呢? What''s your goal in life?你的人生目标是什么? When was the house built?这幢房子是什么时候建造的? Why did you stay at home?为什么呆在家里? Would you like some help?需要什么帮助吗?
You mustn''t aim too high你不可好高骛远。 You''re really killing me!真是笑死我了! You''ve got a point there. 你说得挺有道理的。 Being criticized is awful !被人批评真是痛苦! 15 divided by 3 equals 5.15 除以3 等于5. All for one ，one for all.我为人人，人人为我。 East，west，home is best. 金窝，银窝，不如自己的草窝。 He grasped both my hands. 他紧握住我的双手。 He is physically mature.他身体已发育成熟。 I am so sorry about this. 对此我非常抱歉(遗憾)。 以上是三立在线老师带来的关于分享常用的雅思口语句型模版的详细内容，希望各位考生能从中受益，并不断改进自己的备考方法提升备考效率，从而获得理想的考试成绩。
-+ 懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。 —罗兰 新东方ielts笔记汇总 一．雅思考试介绍听力： 听力教材、英语中级听力阅读：整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作：图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段，善于从现象中发现规律，趋势，提炼，升华，得出结论——科研能力口语： 1. 自信：不要太介意语音语调，语法，允许犯错误，关注内容，体态语言， 2. 小心陷阱。要时刻注意沟通，符合生活逻辑。不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。 3. 3.争取主动。 4. 4.有备而来。在很大程度上可以预测。 二：写作总的指导5堂课： 1. 总的知道 2. 写作流程，问题极其对策（审题）——重点第二篇 3. 审题，指令，展开。 4. 书信作文。 5. 图表作文。本身内容和语言。最后总的串讲。范文作用：吸取语言的营养，不能机械背诵。 三：写作总论 1．用书面语言 2．题目中有单词不认识：它可能是不重要的，或联系上下文可以知道意思，实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。 3．时间概念很重要。重点在第二篇。先写第二篇（写对位置）。 4．字数：第一篇至少140字（10到12句话）。第二篇至少250字（15到18句话）。5．四大原则：1.图表作文重点在描述，不要随意解释，根据文字可以复原图表。 2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路标行标”，承上启下的短语结构词。 3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。并提供证据。 4.7分必须有复杂句子结构（并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式）；用词面宽一点，尽量不要多次重复。第一篇用3个复杂结构，第二篇用5—7，个复杂结构。 四：作业21页task 5version C (多少个字，多少句话，每一段由几句话组成，找语法错误，评论结构布局)74页task 2严格按照40分钟写。 针对十个问题的思考 1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段， 2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）——第一段就说 3．3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话 4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说
30句雅思口语常用单词和句子 1.不要试图说太长的句子。简单句为主，and, but, so, also, because, if 等连接一下即可。 2. 用一用cos 引导原因 3. 用一用like 举例 4. 停顿的时候，用well, eh, um, 或者you know，占位 5. 用一用or whatever, and stuff like that, and something like that 表示“等等” 6. 在句首用上actually ,basically, obviously, unfortunately, 等副词。 7. Most of the time, …, but sometimes … 这个结构很有用。 8. It depends, but generally …这个结构也很实用。 9. It varies. If …., I…, but if…, I… 这个结构也值得掌握。 10. 说朋友的时候，可用mate/buddy 代替 11. 说电影的时候可用flick/flicks 代替；同样watch/see a film, 也可用catch a flick 代替。 12. 说好吃的时候，用tasty 或yummy 代替。 13. 说“很棒”的时候，用“amazing, awesome, incredible, marvelous” 14. 说“很美”的时候，用“really pretty，attractive 或gorgeous” 15. 说“很次”的时候，用“terrible/awful”. 16. 说“很丑” 的时候，用“really unattractive/hideous” 17. 说“假货” 的时候，用“fake” 18. 说“贵”的时候，用“pricey/dear”.
常用万能句型： 1、Nothing has received more praise and abuse than something 译文：没有什么能像…这样毁誉参半。 2、There is no doubt that 译文：毫无疑问 3、The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子 译文：之所以…主要在于 4 、So + 形容词+ be + 主词+ that + 句子（如此…以至于…） 译文：如此…因此 5、It is conceivable that + 句子 译文：可想而知 6 、Leave much to be desired 译文：…远不能令人满意 7、The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that 译文：造成该现象的最主要原因在于 8 、A is to B what C is to D 译文：A 对于B 就恰如C对于D 9 、There are probably many reasons contributing to this phenomenon 译文：造成该现象的原因有许多。 10、When it comes to ……， 译文：一谈到… 11、No one can deny the fact that…
译文：没有人能否认 12、To be sure, the topic concerning ……can always attract our eyes 译文：无疑，有关…话题总是能够引起人们的关注 13、Never has …failed to fascinate us in modern society 译文：在当代社会…总是能够引起人们的关注 14、Simply put,… 译文：简而言之， 15、It is no overstatement to say that 译文：可以毫不夸张地说 16、…is a good case in point 译文：…就是一个绝佳的例子 17、People assume different attitudes towards this issue 译文：人们对该问题的观点不一而同。 18、As is widely-accepted,… 译文：众所周知， 19、To conclude,… 译文：总之， 20、Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion 译文：没有任罕菊净种说法比这种观点更加荒唐了。 21、There is an element of truth in both opinions 译文：这两种观点都有其可取之处。 22、Another consideration in this case is that…
考研英语形近词的意思 conscientious 凭良心的;谨慎的;尽责的 conscious 有意识的;神志清醒的 council 政务会;理事会;委员会;顾问班子 counsel 劝告;忠告;建议 critic 批评家, 评论家; 鉴定家 critical 苛求的;批判性的 dying 快结束的; 快熄灭的; 快消灭的 dyeing 染色; 染色法; 染业 emigrant 移居的; 移民的, 侨居的 immigrant (从外国)移来的, 移民的, 侨民的 empire 帝权; 绝对统治(over) empirical 以经验为根据的, 经验主义的 evident“容易知道或发现, 无须解释或证明的” evidence 明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据 fabric 织物，纺织品;结构 fabricate 捏造，伪造 facilitate 使容易;使便利 facility 灵巧，熟练 fatal 致命的;毁灭性的 fateful 命运注定的，重大的; 决定性的 feel感觉，觉得，感知 fell 砍伐(树等); 击, 打倒; (疾病)致...于死地 fraction 小部分, 零头, 片断, 碎片，一些, 一点儿, 几分之一 fracture 破裂, 断裂 fiction 虚构的文学作品;小说，编造;虚构;想象 friction 摩擦, 摩擦力，矛盾, 冲突, 不和 front 前面，前部 frontier 一国的边疆; 边界, 边境 graceful 优美的; 雅致的，得体的; 适度的, 合度的 gracious 亲切的;和蔼的;慈祥的 harness 开发, 治理; 控制 hardness 坚固, 硬度冷酷无情 host 作东，作为主人招待 hostage 人质，抵押(品); 质物 identical 同一的;同样的 identity 完全相同;绝对相同 implication 卷入，牵连 implicit 暗含的;含蓄的 inherent 固【特、常、原】有的, 本来的, 先天的, 内在的 inherit vt.继承, 遗传而得 initial 开始的;最初的 initiative 起始的; 初步的; 自发的 installation 就职;装设;安置
给力副词 Personally 个人而言 Currently 目前来讲 Basically 基本上来说 Hopefully/wishfully/probably 最好是说， Normally/generally/mostly speaking 通常来讲 Actually/honestly/frankly speaking 坦白讲，事实上 Absolutely/definitely/undoubtedly/surely/obviously/apparently 绝对地、毫无疑问地、明显地 句子逻辑关系 并列关系 I fancy for playing basketball as well as going swimming. Apart from/Besides playing basketball, I am also quite into going swimming 我喜欢打篮球和电脑游戏 我喜欢吃日本料理和韩国料理 在苹果店，除了卖电子产品外，他们也卖软件和配件（accessories）除了流行音乐，我也喜欢轻音乐和摇滚
I could only go traveling during two holidays;simply because/mainly because/since I am a college student I enjoy watching American TV series;this is due to the fact that my oral English level could be improved 我喜欢在呷哺呷哺吃饭，因为一顿饭大概只需要30块钱 我认为看美剧和美国电影能够提高我的英文水平，因为我需要不停的学习新的单词和句子 递进关系 I am a big fan of a variety of types of music, especially the country music Among all my hobbies and interests, I adore playing computer games in particular 我特别想去不同的国家旅行，特别是美国和欧洲 我平时特别喜欢看不同国家的电影，特别是好莱坞的大片（Hollywood blockbusters） 转折关系 However, on the other hand The movie is pretty hilarious（搞笑的）yet a little bit sad in the end 我被国外的大学录取了，但是不是我想去的那个专业 我终于如愿以偿买到了iphone4s，但是不是我想要的颜色
雅思大作文万能开头搜集 下面是我搜集的关于雅思大作文的开头： 1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理！ 经典句型： A proberb says, “You are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 其他句型： A recent statistics shows that
Passage 1： Agriculture and Tourism A Linkages定语between the Agri-Food Sector and Tourism offer significant opportunities 定语for the development of both sectors within the region. These linkages could lead to 宾语ensuring the sustainability (可持续性) of the region's tourism product, thus ensuring it preservation. Agriculture and tourism — two of Wisconsin's most industries — are teaming up in southwestern Wisconsin (美国，威斯康辛州). A pilot project has found that tourists, rural communities, and some farmers could benefit from stronger efforts定语to promote and market 宾语agricultural tourism there. In 1990, agricultural tourism project members surveyed 宾语290 visitors to the annual Monroe Cheese Festival and 宾语164 visitors to the Picnic on the Farm, 同位语a one-time event held in Platteville in conjunction with the Chicago Bears summer training camp. More than one-half of those 定语surveyed responded favorably to a proposed tour, 状语saying they would be interested in participating in some type of agricultural tour in southwestern Wisconsin. Survey