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2012考研英语完形讲义

2012考研英语完形讲义
2012考研英语完形讲义

考研英语完形填空讲义

一、真题回放

2001

Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blacken the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.

In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.

In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.

39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 4l of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.

The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges,” he said.

Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to l0 life sentences in l995. Up to l9 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.

31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as

32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening

33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft

34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper

35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity

36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as

37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed

38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate

39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure

40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash

41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration

42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than

43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns

44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining

45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified

46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by

47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue

48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told

49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that

50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee

试题详解

31. 答案为D。本题要求填入的词能正确表现出填空前后两部分的关系。such as可以填入句

中,表示Rosemary West一案是令人瞩目的案件之一。B. for instance也表示“例如”,但它是一个插入语,往往后接一个句子,不能填入此处。A. as to(关于,至于)和C. in particular(尤其)均与题意不符。

32. 答案为A。本题要求填入的词能与legal controls形成动宾结构。A. tightening除了常用

意“拧紧,绷紧”外,还可以表示“使……更严格,加强……使更有效”,因此可以与legal controls搭配,表示“使法律控制更加严格”。B. intensify(加剧,使强烈; C. focusing(聚焦,集中注意力)和D. fastening(系牢,绑紧)均与题意不合。

33. 答案为D。本题为词义辨析题。A. sketch意为“草图;梗概,概要”; B. rough意为“粗

糙的;粗略的”; C. preliminary 意为“初步的;预备的”; D. draft意为“底稿,草稿,草案”。比较来说,draft与bill搭配最为恰当,表示“草案”。

34. 答案为B。本题考查对上下文的理解。从第一段可知,政府将禁止报纸收买证人。由此

可知,草案将提议使收买证人成为非法行为,故选B. illegal(非法的)。A. illogical(不合逻辑的); C. improbable(不可能的)和D. improper(不适当的)均不符合题意。35. 答案为A。本题考查对上下文的理解。从第一段可推知,报纸之所以要收买一些令人瞩

目的案件中的证人,一定是为了尽早报道这些案件。A. publicity意为“宣传”,可以填入句中,句子相关部分意为:严格控制对案件的宣传。B. penalty(处罚),C. popularity.

(流行)和D. peculiarity(特色,特殊性)均不符合题意。

36. 答案为C。本题考查填空前后两部分的逻辑关系。根据上下文,这里要用before,表示“在

案件审判前要严格控制对案件的宣传”。A. since(自从),B. if(如果)和D. as(当……

时)都不能正确反应出二者的逻辑关系。

37. 答案为D。本题为动词词义、用法辨析题。四个选项都可以与with搭配,但词义、用法

不同。A. side with 的宾语一般为人,表示“站在某人一边”;B. share一般用于share something with someone 的结构中,表示“与某人分享某物”;C. comply with表示“遵守”,宾语多为法律、规定、要求等。只有D. agree with可以与report搭配,表示“同意这一报告”。

38. 答案为B。本题为动词词义辨析题。B. offer意为“提供,给予”,可以填入句中,相关

部分意为“自我管理没有提供足够的控制”。A. present(赠送,交出),C. manifest(使表明,显示)和D. indicate(指示,表示)均与题意不符。

39. 答案为B。本题为名词词义辨析题。B. publication可以表示“发表,公布”,填入句中符

合句意,表示“信被公布”。A. release 一般表示新闻、消息的发布或电影、唱片的发行,因此不能选。C. printing(印刷)和D. exposure(暴露)也不符合题意。

40. 答案为A。本题为名词词义辨析题。A. storm意为“风暴”,B. rage意为“愤怒”,C. flare

意为“闪耀的火光;怒气的爆发”,D. flash意为“闪耀”。storm与media protest搭配最

为合适,以体现抗议的规模和强烈的程度。

41. 答案为B。本题为名词词义辨析题。B. interpretation意为“解释,说明”,可以填入句中,

相关部分意为:对欧洲法律中有关隐私权的解释。A. translation(翻译),C. exhibition (展览;展示)和D. demonstration(证明;示范)均不符合题意。

42. 答案为C。本题考查固定搭配。C. rather than 意为“是……,而不是……”,可以填入

句中,相关部分意为:对欧洲法律中有关隐私权规定的解释权应该属于法官而不是国会。

A. better than(比……好),

B. other than(除了……;与……不同)和D. sooner than(比……

早)均不合题意。

43. 答案为B。本题为动词词义、用法辨析题。根据句子结构,这里要用动词+ 名词+ 形

容词的结构,选项中除了A. change都有这种用法。B. makes表示“使得……”,C. set 表示“使……成某种状态”,D. turn表示“把……改变成……”。通过比较,makes最符合句意,

44. 答案为A。本题为形容词辨析题。A. binding意为“有约束力的”,可以填入句中,相关

部分句意为:使得欧洲人权公约在英国具有法律约束力。B. convincing(有说服力的),

C. restraining(抑制的,控制的)和

D. sustaining(用以支撑的;资助的)均不符合题意。

45. 答案为C。本题为动词词义、用法辨析题。C. entitle意为“把……权利给……”,常用于

be entitled to something 的结构中,表示“有……权利”,因此可以填入句中,表示“每个人都有隐私权”。A. authorized意为“授权给(某人)”,后边要用不定式;B. credited 意为“相信”,credit to 表示“把……归于”;D. qualified意为“赋予某人……资格”,一般用于qualify someone for / to do something 的结构中。

46. 答案为A。本题考查介词的用法。with可以表示“由……负责或处理”。例如,He left the

children with their grandmother. 意为“他把孩子交给祖母带”。因此with可以填入句中,意思是:由我们英国的法官负责,新闻自由是可靠的。其他介词无此用法。

47. 答案为D。本题为名词词义辨析题。D. issue意为“问题,议题,争论点”,填入句中符

合句意,表示“收买证人已经成为一个人们争论的问题”。A. impact(影响),B. incident (事件)和C. inference(推测)均不符合题意。

48. 答案为C。be said to为固定搭配,意为“据说……”,可以填入句中,句意为:据说多

达19名证人被收买,把实情告诉了报纸。其他选项均无此用法。

49. 答案为D。本题考查连接词。从句子结构可知,此连接词要引导一个同位语从句,解释

和说明先行词concerns。同位语从句要用that引导,因此选项D正确。

50. 答案为C。本题为动词词义、用法辨析题。C. ensure意为“担保,保证”,可以填入句中,

句意为:人们担心,证人会被鼓励在法庭上夸大其辞以保证有罪的裁决。D. guarantee 与ensure近义,但一般指对事物的本质或人的行为进行担保。例如,The art dealer guaranteed the picture genuine. 意为“那个工艺商保证这幅画是真品”。A. assure意为“使……确信,向……保证”,通常用在assure someone of / that 结构中。B. confide意为“吐露(秘密等)”,也不可选。

2002

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and

motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, __31__ its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became sharper and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 .

It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 40 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [BJ since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

试题详解

21. 正确答案是A。本题考查副词的用法。A. between在这里意为“在…其间”解,是指20

世纪与15、16世纪之间的一段时间。第一句里就有between。但是,有些考生只知between 作介词,而不知between在句中也可作副词。

22. 正确答案是D。本题考查语法结构。It was not until...that…是强调句型,意思是“直到…

才”,用来强调时间。

23. 正确答案是C。本题考查近义词汇辨析。C. medium “媒介,传媒”,因为前面提到了报

纸,应与“传媒”搭配。A. means “方法,手段”;B. method是“方法”;D. measure “措

施”。

24. 正确答案是B。本题考查近义词汇。B. company意思是“伙伴”,in the company of是

“与….一起”的意思。A. process “过程”;C. light “灯,亮光”;D,form “形式”。

25. 正确答案是B。本题考查词汇。B. speeded “急行,速进”。Speeded up是“加速”的意思,

是一固定词组。A. gathered “集合,收获”;C. worked “工作,奏效”;D. picked “拾起”。

26. 正确答案是A。本题考查动词词组。on有“继续”的意思,词组leading on意思是“继

续、领导、继续领先”。

27. 正确答案是D。本题考查的动词后的介词的用法。介词into与前面的leading搭配为固

定词组,意思是“一直继续领先,直到……”。

28. 正确答案是D。本题考查词汇。D. perspective意思是“正确的眼光”。in perspective意思

是“正确地”。A. concept “概念”;B. dimension “尺寸、空间”;C. effect “效果、后果”。

29. 正确答案是C。本题考查连接副词的用法。目的是让考生读懂文章的上下文。C. however

是“然而,但是”,表示转折。A. indeed “事实上”,表示并列;B. hence “因此”,表示结果;D. therefore “因此,所以”,表示结果。

30. 正确答案是B。本题考查动词的用法。B. followed (by)“紧随其后的是……”。A. brought

“带来”;C. stimulated “刺激”, D. characterized是“以……为特点”。

31. 正确答案是D。本题考查连词的用法。D. a1though “虽然,尽管”表示让步。A. Unless “除

非”,表示条件;B. since “自从,因为”,表示时间或原因;C. lest是“以免”,表示目的,后边须接虚拟语气。

32. 正确答案是A。本题考查词汇的用法。A. apparent “明显的,可见的”。B,desirable “可

取的,理想的”;C. negative “否定的,负面的”;D. plausible “合理的,可信的”。

33. 正确答案是A。本题考查词汇的用法。A. institutional “组织的,机构的”,与前面的

personal相对应。早期的计算机体积庞大,主要供团体机构用,以后才有了personal computer (PC)。B. universal “宇宙的,普遍的”;C. fundamental “基本的”;D. instrumental “工具的,有作用的”。

34. 正确答案是C。本题考查近义词辨析。四个词似乎都有“能力”的意思。但是,capacity

还有“容量”的意思,storage capacity意思是“存储量”。A. ability “能力”;B. capability (of)“能力”;D. faculty “才能,能力”。

35. 正确答案是B。本题考查介词词组的用法。此句意为:人们谈论计算机也说“第几代机

器”,就像谈论人—样。B. in terms of是“以…方式,依据…”。A. By means of “用…手段,以…方式”;C. with regard to “关于”;D. in line with “同意,符合”。

36. 正确答案是D。本题看似考形容词比较级,实际上是考词汇搭配。with the distance between

generations much smaller是with + 名词+ 形容词(比较级) 的结构,smaller是the distance逻辑上的表语,其他三个词都与distance不搭配。

37. 正确答案是A。本题考查近义词辨析。A. context “情况,事情的前后关系, 社会”。B. range

“范围”;C. scope “范围,余地”;D. territory是“领土,领域”。

38. 正确答案是C。本题考查词汇的用法。C,influenced “影响”。A. regarded “对待”; B.

impressed “打动,留下印象”;D. effected “生效,起作用”。

39. 正确答案是B。本题考查形容词的辨析。B. controversial “争论的,有争议的”。A.

competitive “竞争的,有竞争力的”;C. distracting “分心的,转移的”;D. irrational “不理智的,不合理的”。

40. 正确答案C是。本题考查动词与介词的搭配。C,Weigh against “衡量,权衡考虑”,符

合句意。A. weigh above “超过”;B. weigh upon “成为……的负担”;D. weigh with “起作用”。

2003

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges; teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans.

A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand

39. [A]making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

试题详解

21. 答案为A。give serious thought to 是一固定搭配,意思是“认真考虑…”。

22. 答案为B。B. accommodate容纳、适应;A. strengthen加强;C. stimulate 刺激;D. enhance

强化。此句意为:教师应考虑到学生适应这种变化的能力。故答案为B。

23. 答案为C。A. care关心;B. nutrition营养; C. exercise练习、锻练;D. leisure休闲。此句

意为:学生成长的身体需要运动和锻炼。Exercise和movement并列使用最为贴切。24. 此句考句法。答案为D。A. if 引导条件状语从句;B. Although引导让步状语从句;C.

whereas (然而)引导一个表示转折的并列句;D. Because引导一个原因状语从句。此句意为:因为学生的身体需要调整去适应新的变化,所以,他们需要自信。

25. 答案为C。A. assistance 帮助;B. guidance指导;C. confidence; D. tolerance容忍。此

句在讲学生需要获取成功的自信。Confidence和self-conscious放在一起使用最为贴切。

26. 答案为B。A. claim 声称;B. admire羡慕;C. ignore忽略;D. surpass超过。此句意为:

学生得知他们的成就accomplishments受其他人羡慕。

27. 答案为D。A. improper 不合适的;B. risky有风险的;C. fair公平的;D. wise聪明的。

此句意为:学生的生活充满了竞争所以得很聪明地计划有输赢的各种活动。

28. 答案为C。此句明显是在举例说明上句的含意。所以,for example最为贴切。

29. 答案为A。A. display展示;B. describe描写;C. create创造;D. exchange交换。此句意

为展示学生的艺术作品。

30. 答案为D。A. durable耐用的;B. excessive过分的;C. surplus赢余的;D. 多样的。此

句意为很多学生俱乐部给学生提供了各种各样的机会。

31. 答案为A。A. group 群体;B. individual个人的;C. personnel人事的;D. corporation

社团, 公司。此句意为:既有练习合群的机会,也有锻炼当领导的机会。故答案为A。

32. 答案为D。A. consent同意;B. insurance保险;C. admission承认;D. security安全。此

句意为:很多害羞的学生需要有安全感的组织。

33. 答案为B。A. particularly尤其地;B. barely光秃秃地;明显地;C. definitely肯定地;

D. rarely罕见地。此句意为:明显地有大人的支持。

34. 答案为D。此句意为:少年学生的注意力时间很短。

35. 此句考句法,答案为C。A. if only要是…,一般, 后须接用虚拟语气,故A错。B. now

that 既然,一般只用于句首,故B错。C. so that引导目的状语从句。D. even if引导让步状语从句。此句意为:学生的注意力时间短,所以举办活动要能保持他们的活力。36. 此题是考代词辨析的语法题,答案为D。everything一般不能和else连用,故应排除。

因此句是肯定句,故应用something else。

37. 此句考词组搭配,答案为B。let … down意为“使…下降”。此处指使别的参加者处于下

风。

38. 答案为A。A. on the contrary 正相反;B. on the average 平均地讲;C. On the whole总的

来讲;D. On the other hand另一方面。此句意为:这不意味着成年人可以不管,正相反,成年人应帮助青少年。根据上下文,此处需用表示转折的副词词组。

39. 答案为C。空格后有介词for,如果与make, stand和take连用,意思不对。词组Plan for

符合句意。另外,plan一词在文中曾出现过,考词汇的“复现”是完形填空出题的方法之一。

40. 答案为A。A. capability能力;B. responsibility责任;C. proficiency流利;D. efficiency

效率。此句意为:在学生的能所力及的范围内,within their capabilities. 故答案为A。

2004

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting

22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

23. [A] interaction [BI assimilation [C] cooperation [DJ consultation

24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] high lighting [D] discarding

27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect

30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount

31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length

32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability

39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

试题详解

21. 答案为C, 考查动词短语。C. centering on 意为“以…为中心/重点”,符合句意,且与

上下文呼应(作者一直在使用与center on 近义的词组focus on),为正确答案。A. acting on 意为“按照…行事”;B. relying on 意为“依靠”;D. commenting on 意为“对…进行评论”。

22. 答案为D, 本题涉及动本题涉及上下句的句义理解。答案为D,because 引导由or 连接

着的两个原因状语从句。

23. 答案为A, 本题考查考生的词汇知识。A. interaction (互动) 符合句意,应为正确答案。

B. assimilation (同化,吸收);

C. cooperation (合作);

D. consultation (咨询) 。

24. 答案为D, 本题考查介词短语。四个选项中,能与空格前后介词in 和to 搭配的只有

D。介词短语in response to 意为:答复,反应,回应。

25. 答案为A, 本题考查考生对上下句句义的理解。空格后as 引导的为原因状语,与in

response to 引导的原因状语并列,都是“孩子们犯罪”的原因,故答案为A。

26. 答案为B, 本题涉及词汇知识。B. ignoring 意为“忽视,不顾”带入后,上下文语义连

贯,为正确答案。A. considering 意为“考虑到”; C. highlighting 意为“强调,突出”; D.

discarding 意为“抛弃”。

27. 答案为C, 本题涉及介词短语知识。C. for lack of 意为“由于缺少…”,符合句意。

28. 答案为D, 本题涉及形容词短语知识。D. be subject to 意为“受…支配;遭受…影响”;

符合句意,为正确答案。A. be immune to 意为“不易受…影响”。B. be resistant to意为“对…有抵制力”。

29. 答案为A, 考核词汇辨析。A. affect 意为“影响”,符合句意,为正确答案。

30. 答案为B, 考核动词短语。B. 1ead to 意为“导致”,符合句意,为正确答案。A. point to

意为“指向”;D. amount to 意为“总数达到…”。

31. 答案为A,本题涉及介词短语知识。A. in general 意为“总的来说”; “一般来说”,为正

确答案。B. on average “平均而言”; C. by contrast 意为“相反”;D. at length意为“终于:详尽地”。

32. 答案为C, 本题同样涉及介词短语知识。C. in turn 意为“依次,接着”,为正确答案。

A. in case 意为“以防,万一”:

B. in short意为“总而言之”; D. in essence 意为“本质上”。

33. 答案为D, 考核词汇辨析。D. experienced (经历) 符合句意,为正确答案。A. survived

意为“幸存”; B. noticed 意为“注意到”;C. undertaken 意为“承担,答应”。

34. 答案为B, 考核词汇辨析。B.consequently (因此) 符合句意,为正确答案。A. contrarily

意为“相反”;C. similarly意为“相似”; D. simultaneously 意为“同时”。

35. 答案为A, 本题涉及比较状语从句的知识。原句认为,现代家庭中的家长对孩子的管教

比传统家庭中的管教要少,故此,A. than为正确答案。该从句常用省略形式,空格后省略了that(代supervision)+ which was common in the traditional family structure;并且,比较状语从句可用倒装语序。

36. 答案为B, 考核词汇辨析。本题涉及上下文的准确理解。由于上文讲述现代家庭组成的

变化,那么对应的当然是传统家庭的组成结构,故答案为B. structure。A. system 意为“制度”,与上下文不太对应。

37. 答案为B, 考核词汇辨析。B. identifiable 意为“可以识别的”,为正确答案。A. assessable

意为“可以评估的”;C. negligible意为“可以忽略的”;D. incredible意为“难以置信的”。

38. 答案为D, 本题涉及词汇知识。D. availability 意为“可以提供,可以找到”,符合句意,

为正确答案。A. expense 意为“花费”; B. restriction 意为“限定”;C. allocation 意为“分

配”。

39. 答案为A, 本题涉及词汇知识。A. incidence 意为“事件,发生率”。此处意为“发生率”

符合句意,为正确答案。B. awareness 意为“意识” C. exposure 意为“暴露”; D.

popularity 意为“流行”。

40. 答案为C, 考核句法知识, 本题涉及上下句逻辑的把握能力。C. although 代人后,语义

连贯,为正确答案。

2005

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be .We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else?s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

1. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while

2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides

3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined

4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking

5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore

6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if

7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting

8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused

9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas

10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical

11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses

12. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times

13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed

14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient

15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create

16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless

17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired

18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice

19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable

20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from

答案详解

1. 答案为C, 考核上下句的语义连贯性。本文首句是文章的主题句,它的意思是“人们低估

了鼻子的嗅觉作用”。但事实上,我们对气味是非常敏感的,只不过是我们没有意识到这一点罢了。此文中,作者在后文肯定了鼻子的嗅觉作用。句子和句子之间的上下文逻辑关系是转折关系,这种转折的上下文逻辑关系是完形填空中常考的一种关系。But则用来表达上下文之间的转折关系。上下文逻辑关系也是每一次完形填空考试的重点。2. 答案为B, 考核介词的用法。这句话的意思是将人和动物进行对比,指出人不如动物的嗅

觉那么灵敏,原因是人是直立的,而动物不是。第二空答案非常明确,体现的是一种对比关系,应该选B项unlike。

3. 答案为A, 考核动词词义辨析。此文第三句话是对第二句话的意思进行说明,指出“这就

意味着人的鼻子只局限于察觉飘浮于空气中的气味;而错过大部分粘附于物体表面的气味。” 选项A. limited 比较合适。说到数量有限,英文用limited来表达,而不用confined。

4. 答案为C, 考核动词词义辨析。此句话的意思是:人的鼻子只局限于察觉飘浮于空气中的

气味;而错过大部分粘附于物体表面的气味。故选项C. missing为正确答案。

5. 答案为B, 考核上下文语义的连贯及副词词义辨析。这四个副词的词义和用法各不相同。

必须注意文章上下文的语义连贯性。此句话的意思是:事实上,我们对气味是非常敏感的,只不过是我们没有意识到这一点罢了。故选项B. though为正确答案。注意提示词In fact,如果选C或D,那么就与In fact无法搭配。

6. 答案为A, 考核句法结构和连词用法。even if 即使是,接让步状语从句。if only 要是…,

接虚拟语气。only if 只有…,接条件状语从句。as if 似乎是…,接方式状语从句。此处是让步关系,符合这一要求的只有A. even if。句法结构和连词用法是完形填空必考的考点。每年考二至三题。例如下面的第九题。关键是要搞清主句和从句的关系。

7. 答案为D, 考核动词词义辨析。此处要求选一个能跟气味搭配的动词,由前一句话可以了

解到其实就是要捕捉气味的意思。那么,选项D. detecting为正确答案。

8. 答案为A, 考核动词词义辨析。此题是这次完形填空的难点之一。四个词的词义太接近,

令人难以区分;且diluted还是今年新增词汇。难怪考试完后,网上帖发的答案大都不对,包括一些所谓的专家点评。此句话的意思是:我们的鼻子能够捕捉到某些气味,即使这些气味的浓度淡化到原来的百万分之一。根据句意,选项A. diluted为正确答案。

9. 答案为D, 考核句法结构和连词用法动词词义辨析。when和since是从属连词, 用于状语

从句;when接时间状语从句;since接时间或原因状语从句。for 和whereas是并列连词, 用于连接并列句;for表达原因;whereas表达转折。第二段的第一个词“Strangely”,已经提示这里要出现一个转折,那么第九个空要填的词必须要表达出这种对比。故选项

D. whereas是正确答案。

10. 答案为B, 考核形容词辨析。此句话的意思是:这也许是因为有些人天生缺少某种基因

来在鼻腔中生成特殊的嗅觉接收器。故选项B. particular是正确答案。

11. 答案为C, 考核名词词义辨析。此句话的意思是:这些嗅觉接收器就是细胞,它们能察

觉气味并将其信息传送到大脑。故选项C. messages是正确答案。此题是这次完形填空考试最简单的一道题,区分度不高,属于送分题。

12. 答案为A, 考核介词词组辨析。此题也属于是送分题,四个介词词组多次在历年四选一

和完形填空考题中出现;其中,at large还作过答案。根据句子的意思:即使是人们原先对某种气味不敏感,但只要经常接触这种气味,也会对这种气味突然敏感起来。刚开始对某种嗅觉不灵敏的人能够灵敏起来,这表示嗅觉灵敏度变化是一个过程。而第十二个空涉及的是第一个过程,所以答案应该是选项A. at first。

13. 答案为D, 考核动词词义辨析和词组。此题乍一看是动词词义辨析题,但注意到空格后

的介词to 就应想到此题实际是在考词组。be subjected to 易受…影响的(见04年28题);be left to 留给…;be drawn to 吸引到…;be exposed to…暴露于;此处意为“接触”。根据句子的意思,选项D. exposed是正确答案。

14. 答案为C, 考核形容词辨析和上下文逻辑关系。此题表面上是考形容词义辨析。此句话

的意思是:大脑不能让所有的嗅觉接收器每时每刻都有效地工作,但是能在必要时采用一些新的嗅觉接收器。故选项C. inefficient没有效率的是最佳答案。

15. 答案为D, 考核动词词义辨析。此题也是这次完形填空的难点之一。四个词的词义太接

近,令人难以区分。只有在弄清上下文是对比逻辑关系,和理解句意后,才能做出正确选择。四选一题的另一特点是要求选择最佳(best) 答案。选择最佳(best) 答案的意思是,四个选项有可能都对,但答案只能是最贴切的。根据句意和上下文是对比逻辑关系,以及后面的new一词,选项D. create最为贴切。故是最佳答案。

16. 答案为B, 考核上下文逻辑关系。此题比较简单。这里指前一句的解释,也能解释另外

一种现象:每个人对于自己的嗅觉不太敏感。这样表示递进关系的B. also是正确答案。

A. still 表达上下文并列的逻辑关系;C. otherwise和D. nevertheless 表达对比的上下文

逻辑关系。

17. 答案为C, 考核知识点]形容词短语。注意到空格后的介词of 就应想到此题实际是在考

短语。be sure of s.th. 对…事肯定;be sick of 对…厌恶;be aware of 意识到…;be tired of 对…烦了;根据句子的意思,选项C. aware是正确答案。

18. 答案为D, 考核动词词义辨析。此句话的意思是:我们不能意识到自己家里的气息,但

拜访别人家时却能注意到新的气息。故选项D. notice (注意到)是正确答案。

19. 答案为A, 考核形容词辨析。此句话的意思是:大脑能在有不熟悉或紧急信号时,使嗅

觉接收器工作(可用的)。故选项A. available是正确答案。Available是一个在各类英语考试中出现频率很高的词。

20. 答案为B, 考核词组辨析。属于送分题。在这个空的前面提到“不熟悉的和紧急的信号”,

后面提到“对烟雾的嗅觉”,这是举一个例子,是前面所说信号的一种。所以,选项B. such as (诸如) 为正确答案。这个答案在2001年的完形填空中第一题考过。

2006

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America?s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can?t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job-training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__, one of the federal government?s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street, Part

of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it. “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”

1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore

2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain

3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward

4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep

5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not

6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ

7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that

8. [A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending

9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers

10. [A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss

11. [A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only

12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house

13. [A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering

14. [A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas

15. [A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance

16. [A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up

17. [A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating

18. [A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus

19. [A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes

20. [A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordination

答案详解

1. 答案为A。本题考查上下句的逻辑关系。这种上下文逻辑关系是完形填空中着重考的一

种题型,去年的第一题也是考这一点。本文第一句子和第二句子之间的上下文逻辑关系是并列强调关系。因此答案是A。这两句的意思是:无家可归的人口在美国人口总量中的比例不断增加。事实上,无家可归的人口比例已达到了地方政府无法应付的地步。

Likewise 表达的是类比关系;Therefore表达的是因果关系;Furthermore表示的是递进关系,强调后者对前者的程度加深,或增加内容的递进。

2. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. stand 站立, 忍受; B. cope 处理,

应付(局面); C. approve 赞同, 同意; D. retain保持,维持。这句话的意思是:事实上,无家可归的人口比例已达到了地方政府无法应付的地步。我们平常学的词组是cope with…,其实,cope 也可用作及物动词。此题干扰最大的干扰项是A. stand 站立,忍受,但此词无容忍之意,不符合句意。

3. 答案为D。本题考查介词用法。我们大家都知道“help somebody with something” 意思是

“帮助某人做某事”,或者是“用某种具体的方式帮助某人”,如“help somebody with a

loan”,本题的意思是“帮助某人渐渐地获得独立”,表达的是一个抽象概念。因此选项

D. toward比较合适。

4. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. raise 抬高, 集资, 饲养; B. add 添

加, 增加; C. take 拿(最主要的意思); D. keep 保持(最主要的意思)。此句话的意思是:联邦政府就必须支持工作技能培训计划,提高最低工资标准,以及资助更多的经济适用房。故选项A. raise为正确答案。

5. 答案为D。本题考查上下句的逻辑关系及副词用法。这是四个副词,它们的词义和用法

各不相同。必须注意文章上下文的语义连贯性。此句话的意思是:人们在美国无家可归人数上并不能达成共识。也就是说,并不是人人都有此看法。故选项D. not为正确答案。

6. 答案为C。本题考查词组。cover 和change 一般只用作及物动词。range…from…to…意

思是:在…之间起伏,有差异;differ from…意思是:不同与…。此句话的意思是:据估计这个数量应在60万到300万范围之间。故选项C. range 为正确答案。

7. 答案为B。本题考查句法结构和连词用法。Now that 既然,接原因状语从句;Although 虽

然接让步状语从句。Provided 倘若,接条件状语从句。Except that 除了,接让步状语从句。此处是让步关系。根据句意,符合这一要求的只有B. Although 。句法结构和连词用法是完形填空必考的考点。每年考二至三题。例如下面的第十四题。做题的关键是要搞清主句和从句的关系。

8. 答案为C。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: 四个选项都表达“增加,扩张” 的

含义,但由于本句主语为the number,因此只能搭配increase。A选项inflate表示“膨胀”;

B选项expand表示“在面积上扩张”; D选项extend表示“在长度上延伸”。此句话的意思是:但分析家们却在一件事上达成了一致,即,无家可归的人口数量在上升。根据句意,选项C. increasing 为正确答案。

9. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. predicts 预言, 预测; B. displays 陈

列, 摆设; C. proves 证明; D. discovers 发现。属于送分题。此句话的意思是:一份联邦政府的研究预测无家可归的人口数量再有十年底将达到一千九百万。句尾的将来时态已经将答案锁定是A. predicts 预言,预测。

10. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. assist 帮助; B. track 追踪; C.

sustain 持续; D. dismiss 解雇。此句话的意思是:找到帮助这些无家可归人员的办法变得越来越难。故选项A. assist 帮助是正确答案。此题是这次完形填空考试最简单的一道题,区分度不高,属于送分题。

11. 答案为C。本题考查上下句的逻辑关系及副词用法。四个词都是副词,但能和when连

用的只有Even 和Only,先排除A和B。此句话的意思是:即使无家可归人员能设法找到一个临时避身之处,一日三餐,晚上有睡觉之地。故选项C. Even是正确答案。

12. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. lodging 寄宿; B. shelter 避难所; C.

dwelling 逗留; D. house 住房。此题也属于是送分题,四个名词意思接近,但区分度不高。

此句的意思是:即使无家可归人员能设法找到一个临时避身之处…。故B是正确答案。

这种题的答案选择要注意上下文。

13. 答案为D。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. searching 寻找; B. strolling 漫步,

遛跶; C. crowding 聚集, 拥挤; D. wandering 闲逛, 漫游。此题是今年较有难度的一道题。

strolling 和wandering 意思接近,都有闲逛的意思,但文中说,大量的无家可归人员在白天没事干, 在大街上游荡。strolling 是休闲时的漫步,因此Wandering要更加贴切,故D是正确答案。

14. 答案为C。本题考查句法结构和连词用法。句法结构和连词用法是完形填空必考的考点。

每年考二至三题。做题的关键是要搞清主句和从句的关系。此句话的意思是:另外,很多人虽然不吸毒,精神也没毛病但是缺乏能改变他们生活的一些简单的技能。句子和句子之间的上下文逻辑关系是转折关系,故选项C是正确答案。

15. 答案为C。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. life 生活; B. existence 存在; C.

survival 生存, 幸存; D. maintenance 维持。此题也是这次完形填空的难点之一。四个词的词义太接近,令人难以区分。只有在弄清上下文的关系,和理解句意后,才能做出正确选择。此句意为:很多人虽然不吸毒,精神也没毛病但是缺乏能改变他们生活的一些简单的生存技能。本题主要是区分life skills和survival skills,前者表示“生活能力”,后者表示“生存/幸存技能”,由于文章讨论无家可归者的基本生活问题,对他们而言, 首先是生存, 其次才谈的上生活。故选项C更为合适。四选一题的另一特点是要求选择最佳(best) 答案。选择最佳答案的意思是,四个选项有可能都对,但答案只能是最贴切的。

16. 答案为A。本题考查词组。此题比较简单。虽然是四个介词,但因为前面有动词turn,

就变成了词组题。Turn around 回头,转变;turn over 打翻;turn on 打开;turn up 露面。此句话的意思是:另外,很多人虽然不吸毒,精神也没毛病但是缺乏能改变他们生活的一些简单的技能。故选项A是正确答案。

17. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. complex 复杂的; B. comprehensive

理解的, 综合的; C. complementary补充的; D. compensating 赔偿的。根据上下文和根据句子的意思,选项B是正确答案。此句话的意思是:要改变现状的唯一办法是出台一部能照顾到无家可归人员的各种需求的综合性计划。另外, 全文最后一句话又提到: 我们需要的是一个一揽子解决方案。这是词汇的同现现象。

18. 答案为C。本题考查上下句的语义连贯性和连接词辨析。此句话的意思是:正如麻省本

特利大学社区服务处主任爱得华·布劳特克瓦斯基指出的那样, “应有一个相互协调的计划,我们需要的是一个整体解决方案。”故选项C. As 是正确答案。

19. 答案为A。本题考查词组。此题乍一看是动词词义辨析题,考四个动词。实际上是考词

组。s.b. put it 是固定用法,意思是“…指出”。故选项A是正确答案。这一固定用法四级都考过。

20. 答案为D。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. supervision 监督; B.

manipulation 操作; C. regulation 规章制度; D. coordination 协调。属于送分题。此句话的意思是:正如麻省本特利大学社区服务处主任爱得华·布劳特克瓦斯基指出的那样,“应有一个相互协调的计划,我们需要的是一个整体解决方案。” 故选项D. coordination 协调,是正确答案。

2007

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 , there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.

On the issue of 8 religion and the position of the church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown, 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13

the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain?s 17 colonies. Early promise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __18 because the new nations still needed the revenue. Such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.

1. [A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals

2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerful [C] worriedly [D] hopefully

3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected

4. [A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted

5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return

6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally

7. [A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical

8. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform

9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover

10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by

11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded

12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While

13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against

14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence

15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish

16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised

17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original

18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher

19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred

20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for

答案详解

1. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. natives土箸人, 本地人; B.

inhabitant居民; C. peoples 民族; D. individuals个人。此句话的意思是:这些国家约俩千万的居民满怀希望地展望未来。选项B代入后, 符合句意, 为答案。选项C干扰度很高, 但people加s后, 意思不再是“人民”, 而是“民族” 的意思。

2. 答案为D。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. confusedly 困惑不解地; B. cheerful

欢乐地; C. worriedly 担忧地; D. hopefully 希望地。这句话的意思是:这些国家约俩千万的居民满怀希望地展望未来。选项D代入后, 符合句意, 为正确答案。选项B干扰度很高, 但cheerful和展望未来搭配不如hopefully贴切。

3. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. shared 分享; B. forgot 忘记; C.

attained 参加; D. rejected拒绝。此句话的意思是:许多新生国家的领导人都有一个共同的理想。因此选项A. shared 分享, 共享; 比较合适, 为正确答案。

4. 答案为C。本题考查词组。第四题空格后有一个介词to, 四个选项和to搭配后的意思分

别是: A. related to 与…有关; B. close to 不对…开放; C. open to 对…开放; D. devoted to 奉献给…。此句话的意思是:许多新生国家的领导人都有一个共同的理想,即: 建立一个具有代表性的政府、人尽其才(= 对有才能的人开放就业机会) 以及其它的理想等等。

故选项C. open to是正确答案。

5. 答案为C。本题考查词语搭配用法。四个选项与空格后介词to搭配后的意思分别是: A.

access to通往, 接入; B. succession to继承, 续接; C. right to对…的权力; D. return to返还。此句话的意思是:许多新生国家的领导人都有一个共同的理想,即: 建立一个具有代表性的政府、人尽其才、贸易自由、保护私有财产以及作为社会基础的是个人信仰。

选项C符合句子意思, 为正确答案。

6. 答案为D。本题考查上下句的逻辑关系及副词用法。四个选项的意思分别是: A. Presumably

大概地; B. Incidentally 偶然地; C. Obviously明显地; D. Generally总的来讲。根据上下句的逻辑关系, 此题后面的句子是对前面句子的总结。D. Generally总的来讲; 填入此空最能达意, 故D为正确答案。

7. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. unique 独一无二的; B. common

普遍的, 共有的; C. particular 奇特的, 独有的; D. typical典型的。本题的解答与上下文有直接的关系。上文说到这些新生国家的领导人都有一个共同的理想, 下文在总结, 选项

B. common普遍的, 共有的; 填入此处才能上下文一致, 故B为答案。另外, common和

law搭配可形成一个法律用语, 专指习惯法。

8. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. freedom 自由; B. origin起源; C.

impact 冲击; D. reform改革。此句话谈及宗教, 根据上下文, 作者在谈宗教自由的问题, 而不是在谈宗教的起源或改革。故选项A为答案。另外, freedom一词在第一段谈及贸易时已用过, 这就是词汇学上称之为词汇的复现和同现现象, 也是每年必然出现的考点, 参见04年第21题。

9. 答案为B。本题考查上下句的逻辑关系及副词用法。选项A. therefore 表达因果关系; B.

however表达转折关系; C. indeed表达重述关系; D. moreover表达递进关系。根据上下文, 上文说到这些新生国家的领导人都有一个共同的理想, 而下文又提及他们在宗教问题上意见不同。上下文是转折关系, 故选项B是答案。这也是However第四次在历年完形考题中作答案了。

10. 答案为C。本题考查介词用法。也是这次考试中最简单的一道题, 属送分题。文中提到

了许多新独立的国家, 故介词among为答案。

11. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. allowed 允许, 授权; B. preached

布道, 讲经; C. granted 授予, 赐给; D. funded提供资金。此句话的意思是:罗马天主教一直是这些国家的国教, 也是唯一一个由西班牙王室批准的宗教。选项A符合句子意思, 是正确答案。

12. 答案为D。本题考查句法结构和连词用法。四个选项的意思分别是: A. Since连接时间状

语从句的意思是“自从…”; 连接原因状语从句的意思是“既然…”。B. If主要用于连接条件状语从句, 意思是“假如…” 。C. Unless主要用于连接条件状语从句, 意思是“除非…” 。D. While连接时间状语从句的意思是“正当…”; 连接让步状语从句的意思是“虽然…”; 作并列连词连接并列句的的意思是“然而…”。此句话的意思是:虽然大部分领导人寻求将罗马天主教保持为新生国家的官方宗教, 但也有一些领导人谋求不再禁止其它宗教。故选项D是正确答案, while此处引导的是让步状语从句。

13. 答案为A。本题考查介词用法。也是这次考试中比较简单的一道题, 属送分题。此句话

的意思是:虽然大部分领导人寻求将罗马天主教保持为新生国家的官方宗教, 但…。故

介词as. 作为, 是正确答案。

14. 答案为C。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. spread 传播; B. interference干涉;

C. exclusion 排除;

D. influence影响。此句话的意思是:虽然大部分领导人寻求将罗马天

主教保持为新生国家的官方宗教, 但也有一些领导人谋求不再禁止(即排除)其它宗教。选项C符合句子意思, 是正确答案。

15. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. support 支持; B. cry哭泣, 喊叫;

C. plea 抗辨, 请愿;

D. wish愿望。此句话的意思是:保卫教堂成了保守势力召集人们的

呐喊。选项B符合句子意思, 更为合适。

16. 答案为D。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. urged敦促; B. intended意图; C.

expected 期盼; D. promised承诺。此句话的意思是:玻利瓦尔就接受过海地的援助, 作为回报, 他承诺在新解放的地区废除奴隶制。选项D符合句子意思, 是正确答案。

17. 答案为C。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. controlling 控制; B. former 前者; C.

remaining保留; D. original 原始的。此句话的意思是:到了1854年除了西班牙保留的殖民地, 所有地区都废除了奴隶制。根据句意, 选项C是最佳答案。四选一题的另一特点是要求选择最佳(best) 答案。选择最佳答案的意思是,四个选项有可能都对,但答案只能是最贴切的。

18. 答案为A。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. slower 更慢; B. faster 更快; C.

easier更容易; D. tougher更艰难。此句话的意思是:最初承诺终止印地安人的进贡和对混血人种的税收却进展缓慢, 因为这些新生的国家仍然需要利税。选项A符合句子意思, 是正确答案。

19. 答案为B。本题考查词汇。四个选项的意思分别是: A. created 创造; B. produced生产; C.

contributed 贡献; D. preferred更喜欢。此句话的意思是:这些产生平均主义的政策往往是由担忧民众对自治和民主毫无准备所诱发的。选项B符合句子意思, 是正确答案。20. 答案为D。本题考查词组。四个词组的意思分别是: A. puzzled by被…迷惑; B. hostile to

对…有敌意; C. pessimistic about对…悲观; D. unprepared for 对…未准备好。此句话的意思是:这些产生平均主义的政策往往是由担忧民众对自治和民主毫无准备所诱发的。选项D符合句子意思, 是正确答案。

2008

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some disease not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

5 he, however, might tremble at the

6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientist, he is publishing a paper which not only

7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explained the process that has brought this about. The group in

8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic

isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.

1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased

2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare

3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against

4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately

5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence

6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk

7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects

8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question

9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating

10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total

11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably

12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers

13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve

14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile

15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down

16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing

17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument

18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined

19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed

20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous

答案详解

1. 答案为B。本题考查词组搭配。四个选项与空前后搭配成词组的意思分别是: A. is selected

to do…意为“被挑选去干…。B. is prepared to do…意为“准备去干…”。C. is obliged to…

搭配时意思则变为“感激”。如04年考研翻译第62题: We are obliged to them (我们之所以感激他们)。D. is pleased to do…意为“高兴地,满足地去做…”,此句话的意思是:但格雷戈里·克春安不论如何都准备说一说此事。前一句“人们不敢说”,本句中由“but” 一词可推出意思与上句相反,即“Cochran 准备说”,所以选项B为正确答案。另外, 语法上, 作者也提供了答题线索。如下文中is about to do; is publishing都表达了即将发生的动作。其实07年完形最后一题还考过unprepared for 这一词组。

2. 答案为D。本题考查形容词辨析和搭配。四个选项的意思分别是: A. unique唯一的,独

特的;B. particular 特殊的,独特的;C. special 特别的,特殊的;D. rare稀罕的,珍贵的。这句话的意思是:他是一位独立于任何机构之外的另类型的科学家。rare bird 是固定搭配, 意为:罕见的或较另类的人。选项D符合句意, 故为正确答案。此考点在前几年的考研完形题中多次考过。如:03年的第33题:[A] particularly, [B] barely, [C] definitely,

[D] rarely; 05年的第10题:[A] unusual, [B] particular, [C] unique, [D] typical; 和07年的

第7题:[A] unique, [B] common, [C] particular, [D] typical。

3. 答案为A。本题测试介词的语意搭配。介词是一种虚词, 不能单独使用。因此, 只要四个

选项是介词, 必须考虑空前空后的搭配关系。此空中只能用independently 与介词of 搭

配, 意为“不依赖于,独立”,所以选项A为正确答案。其他选项不能构成有意思的搭配关系。

4. 答案为C。本题考查副词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: A. subsequently 随后发生地; B.

presently目前地; C. previously 先前地; D. lately后来地。这句话的意思是:原先认为不是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是会传染的。由“actually” 一词可知, 本句是现在和以前对疾病看法的对比,所以选项C符合句意, 故为正确答案。另外, previously一词在第14个空后又一次出现:14 , have previously been thought unrelated. 这就是词汇学上称之为词汇的复现和同现现象, 也是每年必然出现的考点, 也是大家必须掌握的答题技巧。

参见07年第8题。

5. 答案为C。本题考查副词的用法及语段的连贯性。even 此处是程度副词,表示让步关系,

意为“即使他自己也…”. 这句话的意思是:但一想到将要做的事,即使他自己也可能会打冷颤的。选项C符合句意, 为正确答案。另外, 此考点在06年考研完形第11题考过:

[A] Hence, [B] But, [C] Even, [D] Only。而且答案就是even。真题是考研最好的参考书。

6. 答案为A。本题考查词组搭配。四个选项与空前后搭配成词组的意思分别是: A. at the

thought of意为“一想到…”; B. at the sight of 意为“一看到…”; C. at the cost of意为“以…为代价”; D. at the risk of意为“冒…风险”。这句话的意思是:但一想到将要做的事,即使他自己也可能会打冷颤的。选项A填入此空最能达意, 故为正确答案。

7. 答案为B。本题考查近义词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: A. advice建议; B. suggest建

议,提出; C] protest 主张,断言; D. object 反对。这句话的意思是:论文不仅提出了某一族群人比另一族群人更聪明的观点, 而且还解释了引起这种结果的过程。选项B填入此空最能达意, 故为正确答案。另外, suggest一词在第一段最后一句出现过。在第18个空前又一次出现:Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately

18 . 这就是词汇学上称之为词汇的复现和同现现象, 也是每年必然出现的考点, 也是

大家必须掌握的答题技巧。参见第4题。

8. 答案为D。本题考查词组搭配。四个选项的意思分别是: A. in progress进行中; B. in fact

事实上; C. in need在危难中; D. in question正在被讨论的。前一句在谈论“group群体” , 本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”,所以选项D是正确答案。这句话的意思是:正在被讨论的这一群人源之中欧。

9. 答案为B。本题考查词汇辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: A. attaining 达到; 获得; B. scoring

得分; C. reaching 达到; D. calculating 计算。attaining 达到或获得目的; reaching达到或抵达某一地方; calculating 用于数字计算。从该句中的12-15 points (分)可知,score的意思是得分,打分,而其他三项没有这层意思。故最佳答案为B。这句话的意思是:这一族群的人在智力测试中普遍表现上佳, 得分比均值100分要高12至15分。四选一题的另一特点是要求选择最佳(best) 答案。选择最佳答案的意思是,四个选项有可能都对,但答案只能是最贴切的。

10. 答案为C。本题考查形容词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: A. normal 正常的; B. common

普通的; C. mean 平均的(adj); 均值(数学); D. total 全体的; 总和(数学)。此题答案是C, 也是这次考试答对率普遍不高的一道题。主要原因有三:第一, 很多考生没读懂句子。

这句话的意思是:得分比均值100分要高12至15分。第二, 缺乏答题技巧。从四个选项可看出都是形容词, mean就不能当“意味着…” 去理解。第三, 熟词新义是考研常考的考点, 无论在阅读中还是翻译中。平常要记一些常用词的特殊用法。如: 05年七选五题中, fork (叉子) 作动词是“分流” 的意思。再如: 07年翻译第49题中, story 是“新闻报道” 的意思。

11. 答案为B。本题考查副词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: A. unconsciously 无意识地; B.

2012年考研英语完形填空真题及答案

2012年考研英语完形填空 The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. Thecourt cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfor beingindependent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activitymakes itless likely that the court’s de cisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part ofthe problem is thatthe justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to thecode of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court andpolitics. TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompoliti cs.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpower andhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfro mpoliticsprecisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16 _isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_ tothecode of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated

2005-2015年历年考研英语一完形填空真题

The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million. Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while 2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides 3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined 4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking 5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore 6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if 7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting 8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused 9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas 10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical 11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses 12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times 13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create 16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired 18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice 19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable 20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from

新东方考研英语翻译技巧_附丁雪明完型讲义

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