2014年高考英语语法动词类复习学案汇总
一．动词词义辨析
动词是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。
动词辨义主要指：
1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。
4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
因此，根据多年的英语教学经验，我深感一句话的重要：学英语，学语法，抓住动词学到家。
（一）易混动词
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明
放lay laid laid laying 及物动词
躺lie lay lain lying 不及物动词
说谎lie lied lied lying 不及物动词
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat 是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。
15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。
16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。
17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作―花费‖讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.
18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.
20、begin与start
begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。
21、allow 与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People‘s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
23、speak, say, talk 与tell
英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn‘t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。
24、excuse me 与sorry
excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、care for 与care to do
care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember 记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词+ 副词+ 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …
29、动词+ 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …
30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
（二）动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：
1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。
②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。
练习：动词词义辨析
1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.
A. point
B.speak
C.say
D.tell
2.I ____ you will write me back soon.
A. wish
B.hope
C.want
D.need
3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.
A. spend
B. spare
C.save
D. share
4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.
A. have
B.let
C. agree
D. allow
5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy.
A. ride
B. drive
C. operate
D.run
6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.
A. send
B.pick
C.ride
D.take
7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.
A. answers
B. returns
C. replies
D. receives
8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.
A.said
B.told
C.spoken
D.talked
9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.
A. bring
B. carry
C.take
D. fetch
10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.
A. hurt
B. killed
C. broken
D.cut
11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.
A. affects
B. gives
C. causes
D. results
12. I've____my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.
A. forgot
B.left
C. remained
D.lost
13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.
A. make
B.do
C.give
D.get
14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.
A. beat
B.hit
C. jumped
D.ran
15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.
A. smells
B. feels
C. sounds
D. tastes
16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.
A. get
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b915211353.html,e
C. reach
D. arrive
17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.
A. pay
B.take
C. spend
D.cost
18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.
A. like
B. expect
C. think
D.need
19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped
B. wanted
C. expected
D. wished
20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?
A.give
B.leave
C.carry
D.take
21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?
A. dressed in
B. had on
C. wore
D. put on
22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.
A. buying
B. bought
C. to buy
D. could buy
23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.
A. should send
B. would be sent
C. sending
D.be sent
24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital.
A. on being sent
B. to send
C. on sending
D. being sent
25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music.
A. be
B. should be
C.was
D. would be
26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan.
A. bought
B.paid
C.cost
D. spent
27.I ____ play football than basketball.
A. would rather
B. had better
C. like better
D. prefer
28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should be back for lunch now.
A.after
B.at
C.for
D.up
29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.
A. put off
B. put away
C. put up
D. put down
30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.
A. get back from
B. get out of
C. get away
D. get off
31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over
B. get in C; get along D. get through
32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.
A. look at
B. look for
C. look around
D. look on
33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.
A.tum;on
B.tum;off
C.tum;down
D.tum;up
34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.
A. turned in
B. turned up
C. turned to
D. turn up
35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once.
A. send in
B. send out
C. send for
D. send up
36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;
A. call for
B. call in
C. call on
D. call up
37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____.
A. carry on them
B. carry out them
C. carry them on
D. carry them out
38. Your composition must be ____ after class.
A. handed to
B. handed out
C. handed in
D. handed over
39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.
A. held up
B. set up
C. sent up
D. brought up
40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.
A. take off'
B. take up
C. take away
D. take place
41. ____! There's danger ahead.
A. Look at
B.Look up
C.Look on
D.Look out
42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.
A.set about
B.set out
C.set off
D.set down
43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.
A. call in .
B. call at
C. call for
D. call on
44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.
A. broke away
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in
45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't really want to continue it.
A. carry out
B. pick up
C. set up
D. carry on
46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them.
A. breaking out
B. breaking into
C. breaking up
D. breaking away from
47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields.
A. moving in
B. sharing in
C. handing in
D. getting in
48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.
A. gave out
B. gave in
C. gave up
D. gave away
49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and ____ the tools.
A. put away
B. take away
C. push aside
D. look after
50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look up
B. Look on
C. Look into
D. Look through
答案：
1~5 DBBDA 6~10 CAABA 11~15 CBBAA 16~20 CDBDB 21~25 AADAC
26~30 AACAB 31~35 CDCBC 36~40 ADCBA 41~45 DBDAD 46~50 BDCAD
动词及动词短语模拟训练专项
1．The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will _____ the shock soon.
A. get out
B. get through
C. get off
D. get over
2.The sound of the music ____louder and louder as the band marched nearer to me.
A. grew
B. felt
C. appeared
D. remained
3. Off the east, the sky looked pale enough to ____ the storm would be passing quickly.
A. suggest
B. report
C. prove
D. explain
4.—Have you finished your homework yet?
—Not yet, I ___ to do it just a few minutes ago.
A. get down
B. set out
C. set about
D. set up
5．The thing that _____ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A. matters B．cares C．considers D．minds
6.—So how is your new roommate?
—She really _____. She‘s always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her,she always makes rude remarks.
A. turns me off
B. turns me down
C. turns me out
D. turns me over
7. To be honest, I don‘t quite ____ with you some general views on the weather.
A. did
B. allow
C. bother
D. share
8. Don‘t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ____ the shocking ending.
A. give away
B. give out
C. give up
D. give off
9. The old houses are being pulled down to ____ a new office block.
A. supply with
B. make use of
C. make room for
D. take the place of
10. It is fashionable to drive a car, but to drive a car is not nearly as difficult as it is imagined on condition that you ________ the specialized rules.
A. give up B．stick to C．insist on D．connect to
11. Will you my composition to find out whether I‘ve made any spelling mistakes?
A. look through B．look on C．look up D．look out of
12. As is known to us all, failure usually _ __ laziness while diligence can ______ success.
A. results from, lie in
B. results in, result from
C. leads to, lie in
D. results from, result in
13. He has been fired and will have to over charge of his office tomorrow.
A. take B．hand C．get D．go
14. His aunt‘s letters him of those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.
A. call up B．call for C．call on D．call at
15. —Did you reach the top of the mountain?
—Yes. Even I myself didn‘t believe I could it.
A. work B．climb C．get D．make
16. In Britain today women 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. build up B．make up C．take up D．send up
17. We trust you ; only you can him to give up smoking .
A. suggest B．attract C．advise D．persuade
18. —Have a good rest ; you need to your energy for the football match this afternoon .
—Thanks a lot .
A. leave B．save C．hold D．get
19. In that country, guests usually feel that they are not highly ________ if the invitation to a dinner party is given only three or four days before the party date．
A. regarded
B. thought
C. admired
D. concerned
20. Difficulties and hardships have ________ the best character of the young geologist.
A. brought in
B. brought up
C. brought out
D. brought about
21. Our daughter doesn‘t know what to at the university ; she can‘t make up her mind about her future .
A. take in B．take up C．take over D．take on
22. Ling Feng won the first prize i n the national English competition and I‘m glad that her efforts at last ________.
A. worked out B．got back C．paid off D．turned out
23. The Browns sent lots of invitations for their party. But because of the improper time, few people _____ it.
A. attended B．accepted C．received D．enjoyed
24. I think John will a good monitor, so I‘d like to vote for him.
A. turn B．change C．elect D．make
25. The girl _____ to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school.
A. expects B．allows C．wishes D．promises
26.—What do you think of Andrew ?
—There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one .
A. put aside B．put up with C．think of D．get along with
27.—Does he know how to work out the problem ?
—Yes , he has a good idea to solve it .
A. caught up with B．kept up with C．come up with D．put up with
28. —Will Thursday or Friday you ?
—Either will .
A. fit , be B．fit , OK C．suit , all right D．suit , do
29. Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure .
A. result from B．contribute to C．attend to D．devote to
30. It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.
A. happened B．occurred C．thought D．took place
【答案解析】
1. D
本题考查相近动词短语的词义辨析能力。四个词组只有get over有克服之意。故选D。
2. A
grow 变得，表示一个渐进的过程；feel，认为，感觉；appear 显得；remain 保留，依然。题干中的as 是关键词，表示“随着乐队向我们走的越来越近，音乐的声音也变得越来越大”。
3. A
本题检测近义动词的辨析能力。suggest暗示，意味着；report报告；prove证明；explain解释。本句句义为“东方灰蒙蒙的天空暗示着暴风雪即将来临。”
4. B
get down to doing sth 开始做某事，set out to do sth 着手做某事，set about doing sth 开始做某事，set up 建立。故选B。
5. A
本句句意为：重要的事情是：不是你失败与否，而是你是否努力了。matter：be important，故选A。
6. A
turn sb off 使某人厌烦或厌恶turn sb down ：拒绝，不理会turn sb out ：赶走某人，turn sb over ：使某人翻身。本句语言环境为：我的新室友经常在深夜制造噪音，当我提醒她时，她却说脏话。她的这些举动当然令我生厌。故选A。
本题的句式结构变一下，就可看出本题考查的是share sth with sb.故选D。
8. A
本句句意为：不要在故事的开头提及它，否则，那会泄露事故结尾。give away :泄露。故选A。
9. C
旧房子被推倒目的是给新办公楼腾出地方。make room for 为…腾出空间。故选C。
10. B
give up ：放弃，stick to :not change, keep to sth 坚持或维持某事物，insist on ：demand 坚持要求，connect to 与…有联系。只要你坚持（遵守）交通规则，开车并不像想象的那么难，故选B。
11. A
你能否浏览一下我的作文，看一下是否有拼写错误？look through：浏览.翻阅，故选A。
12. D
result from：因…而发生，后接原因；lie in：存在于，后接原因；result in 产生某种结果，lead to：导致，后接结果。失败是因为懒惰，而勤奋则导致成功，故选D。
13. B
他被解雇了，明天不得不移交对公司的管理权。hand over：把…移交…，take over：接收.接管，get over：克服，go over：复习。故选B。
14. A
call up：想起某事物.回忆某事，call for：需求.需要，call on：号召.请求拜访（某人），call at：拜访（某地）。他婶婶的信使他想起了他们在一起度过的日子，故选A。
15.Ｄ
make it :be successful.甚至我自己都不相信我能成功地攀上山顶。climb it 只表示爬山，不能表示爬到山顶,故选D.
16. B
build up:变得更大.更多或更强；make up组成，构成某事物；take up:占据；send up 发射。今天的英国，妇女构成了劳动力的44%，故选B。
17. D
我们相信你，只有你才能说服他戒烟。suggest不跟动词不定式，attract:吸引；advise:只是劝说而已，persuade:劝服，说服，故选D。
18. B
好好休息一下，你需要为足球比赛保存体力。save: keep sth for future use:储存.保存，故选B。
在那个国家，赴宴会的邀请书仅在宴会前三.四天收到，会让客人感到他们不被重视。regarded:重视，若选B，则应用thought of，故选A。
20. C
bring in:逮捕，搜集；bring up:培养；bring out:产生某种品质；bring about:使……发生。本句意为：困难和困苦已经使那名年轻的地质学家形成了优秀的品格。故选C。
21. B
take in:吸收.包括；take up: 从事……；take over接管；take on 呈现。我女儿不知在大学里学习什么专业，故选B。
22. C
pay off：偿还，偿清，回报，努力付出终有回报，故选C。
23. A
it指代的是party。因为时间不合适。很少人出席了晚会，故选A。
24. D
make：变成。我认为John会是一名好班长的，所以我投了他一票。若用A，则应变成turn into或去掉冠词a，故选D。
25. D
如果那个女孩在艺校进行良好的训练，她有望成为一名好舞蹈家，promise使……很有可能，有望。故选D。
26. B
put aside：储存，把……放到一边；put up with忍受，容忍；think of考虑；get along with：与……相处，进展；谈到Andrew,有很多事情不能容忍，冷酷便是其中之一。故选B。
27. C
catch up with：跟上，赶上；keep up with：跟上；come up with 找到，想起；put up with：容忍.忍受，他已找到了解决问题的方法。故选项C。
28. D
fit 作动词时，表示衣服的大小是否适合，排除A. B两项。若选C，则应用be all right。do：be sufficient or satisfactory for sb.故选D。
29. B
吃太多的脂肪容易导致心脏疾病和高血压，contribute to:导致.促成。故选B
30. B
occur to sb :come into a person‘s mind想到.想起。侦探突然想起百万富翁有可能被他女儿所杀；happen to sb
某人发生了什么事。故选B
二．动词和动词词组
概述：
动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重。主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析，如：develop发展——冲洗；meet 见面——满足；cover覆盖——涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。
其中，常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考动词类的热点问题。
热点1 几个常见的谓语动词
常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。
1.关于make
（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：
He‘ll make me a kite.=He‘ll make a kite for me.他将给我制作一个风筝。
（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如：
①make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/
speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference
②make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apology…to sb
③make preparations/progress/room…for sb
④make one‘s way/bread tea coffee/up one‘s mind/no answer
(3)make作使役动词时,表示―使……做某事、使……成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：
①形容词：They are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽。
②名词：I would make you king over the earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。
③过去分词：What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？
④省去to 的不定式：The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。
注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。如：
No one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。
[典例1]The regulations were made_____ children after the accidents.
A. protect
B. to protect
C. protecting
D. to be protected
解析B 在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。
⑤构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为……。
[典例2]The manager, ______it clear to us that he did n‘t agree with us ,left the meeting room.
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making
解析B 关于make用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：The manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除A。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选B。
（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。
①成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）
②成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）
③原料+be made into+成品
④成品+be made by+执行者\制造者
⑤成品+be made in+地点
⑥物体\组织+be made up of +若干成份
[典例3] The old cottage can be______ temporary(临时的)houses.
A. made into
B. made of
C. made by
D. made in
解析A 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动词组be made into符合句意。
（5）make构成的两个常用词组：
①make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up
a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：
They hurried on to make up for lost time.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。
The boy made up a story; it was not true.
男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
She made up her face to look prettier.
她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。
[典例4]Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and
______jokes.(2005·江苏卷)
A. turning up
B. putting up
C. making up
D. showing up
解析C 动词搭配与辨析。turn up 找到，发现，出现；put up 举起，抬起，进行；show up揭露，露出，露面。而make up jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。
②make full/good/the best use of 充分利用。如：
We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。
Let‘s make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。
2.关于consider
（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。如：
Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？
He considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。
（2）作“认为……，把……当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：
I consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。
（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.
I consider it necessary to study English.我认为学英语很有必要。
（4）consider…(as)…表示“把（某人或某物）看作……”。如：
Most people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。
[典例5] Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.
A. considering
B. to consider
C. considered
D. being considered
解析C 动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：Many things are common today.为主句。considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+宾语+宾补”结构。故选C
3.关于keep
（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使……继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：
①现在分词如：Don‘t keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。
②过去分词如：His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。
③副词如：This helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。
④介词短语如：He kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。
⑤形容词如：The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。
(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit…
(3)keep doing 与keep on doing
①表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。
如：Don‘t give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。
②表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：
We‘ve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。
③keep/keep on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。
如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。
[典例6]Keep ______after meals, then you‘ll be in good heal th.
A. walking
B. sleeping
C. standing
D. sitting
解析A keep doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选A。
（4）其它搭配
keep back 阻止，落在后面
keep…out (of)使……在外，不让……入内
keep away 不接近，避开
keep …from 阻止，抑制，避免于
keep off 让开，不接近
keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落
keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于
keep in touch with与……保持联络
[典例7]We read the newspaper every day to ______the present affairs.
A. keep up
B. keep up with
C. catch up with
D. keep in touch with
解析B keep词组考查题。根据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势。keep up 坚持；keep up with 跟上，赶上；catch up with 赶上，逮捕；keep in touch with 与……保持联络。只有B项与句意吻合。
4.关于go
（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。
Liu Mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。
比较：He is already gone.(强调无目的)
He has gone.(强调有目的、方向)
（2）go 有“……说的”之意。常用于“the story goes…据说；as the saying goes正如格言所说”。如：As the saying goes, ―Where there is a will, there is a way.‖正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。
[典例8]As a Chinese old saying______, ―Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.‖
A. goes
B. say
C. is said
D. is written
解析A 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“……说的、叫做”。
（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）
（4）go to常与go to attend意义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：
go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner…等。
（5）注意区别：
go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作
go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个
go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做
He went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。
比较He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaking of them
after he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。
They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。
(6)其它搭配
go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉
go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive…外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风
go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking…购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步
go about着手做，从事
go ahead 前进，进行
go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴
go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加
go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习
go through经历，经受
go up 上涨
5.关于agree
（1）agree 一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可
跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。
（2）区别：
①表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree with sb./what sb says。
②表示“适合、合适”。如：
agree with This climate doesn‘t agree with me.这里的气候不适合我。
③表示“一致、协调”。如：
The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须与人称和数保持一
致。
agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：
agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision.
agree on /upon表示“对……取得一致意见”。如：
They both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。
[典例9] I don‘t _____people smoking all day long.
A. agree
B. agree to
C. agree on
D. agree with
解析B 考查动词agree及词组辨析。agree为不及物动词，不带宾语；agree on/upon表示“对……取得一致意见”；agree with表示“同意某人的看法”；agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”，符合句意。
热点2 常见动词近义词辨析
常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：
1.关于win, defeat, beat和gain
(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war, battle, game, match, argument, a victory, the prize,100 yuan, a race, honor for, the praise, the first place…等，而不能是表示人的名词。
(2) beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：
beat sb. in …在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。
beat him at table tennis在乒乓球赛中击败他
(3)defeat sb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：
defeat the enemy in the war在战争中击败敌人
(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：
gain ex perience/wealth/a reputation/the time/the marks/the rank/the prize/one‘s respect/success/knowledge/one‘s living/happiness/a salary/an honor…。
[典例1]Our basketball team____ theirs by a score of 100:98.
A. won
B. defeat
C. beat
D. gained
解析C近义词辨析题。根据win不和theirs(their teams)搭配；defeat与sb.连接；gain常有“获得……”，也不与theirs搭配。只有beat与“（击败的）对手”搭配，强调结果，故选C。
2.关于fit, suit和match
(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：
This coat fits her nicely.这件外套非常合适。
The key doesn‘t fit the lock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。
（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”常构成be fit for 。如：
He is fit for the job,他适合这份工作。
The water is fit to drink.这水适合喝。
（3）作不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：
Does the coat fit?这件大衣合身吗？
（4）suit作适合，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：
That color doesn‘t suit your complexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。
（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与……相配”。如：
Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。
[典例2]The red tie you bought doesn‘t ______my coat.
A. fit
B. fit for
C. suit
D. match
解析D 近义词辨析题目。fit作及物动词，表示大小合身；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be fit for; suit 强调“款式合适”，只有match强调“与……匹配”。故选D。
3.关于cost, spend, take和pay
(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：
The shirt cost me ten yuan.
I spent ten yuan on the shirt.
It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.
I paid ten yuan for the shirt.
(2)结构搭配上的不同
①spend的主语只能是人。
常用结构：sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.
②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。
常用结构：sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/money
③take的主语多为指物的名词。
常用结构：It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.
④pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。
常用结构：sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.
[典例3] I _____the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.
A. cost
B. paid
C. pent
D. bought
解析D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当；用pay，则260 yuan作宾语；用spend,则与for 260 yuan 搭配不当；应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。
4.关于hurt, wound, injure和harm
(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：
Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。
（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。
（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：
There were two people injured in the car accident.
有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
（4）harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Our dog won‘t harm yo u.我们的狗不会伤害你的。
Getting up early won‘t harm you!早起对你没有坏处。
[典例4]There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn‘t_____ at all .
A. hurt
B. wounded
C. harmed
D. injured
解析C 近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound强调“刀、枪伤”；harm强调“危害、损失”；injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。
重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词
1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词
hang hanged hanged(绞死) lay laid laid(放置)
hang hung hung(悬挂) lie lied lied(说慌)
lie lay lain(平卧)
find found found(发现) fall fell fallen(跌倒)
found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、击倒)
fail failed failed（失败）
[典例1] The carpet where he _____was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.
A. was laying
B. was lying
C. had laid
D.了had lied
解析B 易混淆词辨析题。动词lay表示“搁置、放”时，现在分词为laying,过去分词为laid；而lie 作“躺”讲时，现在分词为lying,过去分词为lain，如其过去分词为lied,则含义为“撒谎”。此处为“躺的地方”，故用was lying。
2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词
enter(误为enter into) marry(误为marry with)
reach(误为reach to) mention(误为mention about)
serve(误为serve for) address(误为address to)
approach(误为approach with) salute(误为salute to)
fit(误为fit for) benefit (误为benefit to)
[典例2]She ____John to get away from her step-mother.
A. married
B. married with
C. married to
D. was married
解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁给”，为及物动词，可直接带宾语。
重点2 五种基本句型中的动词使用
简单句的五种基本句型，通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。
1.主语+不及物动词
理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：
（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙计，你还走得动吗？
The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.
我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。
（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有：read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如：
The tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。
The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。
[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.
A. running out
B. going out
C. spreading
D. happening
解析A 不及物动词的考查。动词run out表示“被用完”；go out 表示“出去，熄灭”；spread表示
“传播”；happen表示“发生”。根据句意：食物和饮料快用光了，但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语
理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法：
(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如：
He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。
Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗？
(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can‘t help, stick to等。如：
I suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。
You must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。
(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,
offer, plan, refuse等。如：
I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）。
3.主语+系动词+表格
系动词在此句型中的用法：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。
（1）系动词+形容词作表语。如：
That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。
（2）系动词+名词作表语。如：
Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。
（3）系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如：
He is near,他在附近。
[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.
A. smells
B. feels
C. sounds
D. tastes
解析A 系动词考查题。根据The cooking chicken正在煮的的鸡肉，推断出“闻起来很香”，故用smell。其它feel感觉起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来，均不合题意。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return,