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安卓初级开发文档

安卓笔记

by@小羽·深圳

(1)

布局 .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 LinearLayout 线性布局（控件在一条线上） ...................................................................................... 2 相对布局RelativeLayout (2)

控件 (2)

编辑框 (3)

单选框 (3)

按钮： (3)

开关按钮 (4)

AnalogClock & DigitalClock (4)

Chronometer 计时器，继承自TextView (4)

ImageView (5)

ListView()重要 (5)

datapicker(日期选择器) (6)

进度条 (7)

选项卡 (8)

SQLite 事务 (10)

数据库操作： (10)

对话框 (11)

ImageSwitcher (14)

Menu (15)

Notification (17)

告诉系统我这个activity 是应用程序的入口.

跳转：

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,DialogActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);

布局

LinearLayout 线性布局（控件在一条线上）

在当前布局容器内的组件以线条的形式排列，跟 swing 的FlowLayout 类似。不同的是，LinearLayout 不换行的。

超出边界，不显示。

Xml 属性 Android:orientation 表示线条的方向可选值vertical 垂直 horizontal 水平

android:orientation ="vertical" Android:gravity 表示对齐方式可选值 top bottom left right 可以多选 android:gravity ="right"

Weight 占几分之几

android:id ="@+id/imageView1"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content"

android:layout_alignLeft ="@+id/button1"

android:layout_below ="@+id/button1"

android:layout_marginLeft ="20dp" android:layout_marginTop ="73dp"

android:src ="@android:drawable/sym_action_call" />

相对布局RelativeLayout

控件相对于控件的位置

3.帧布局FrameLayout(相当于DIV)播放器

4.绝对布局 absolutely

5.表格布局tablelayout

行数据

控件

TextView

xml:

链接：android:autoLink="all";

编辑框

android:id ="@+id/name"

android:layout_width ="match_parent"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content"

android:layout_weight ="1"

android:hint ="请输入用户名"

android:maxLines ="9" >

单选框

android:id ="@+id/radioGroup1"

android:orientation ="horizontal"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content" >

android:id ="@+id/radio1"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content"

android:text ="男" />

android:id ="@+id/radio2"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content"

android:text ="女" />

radio2.setOnCheckedChangeListener(listener)

按钮：

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content"

android:layout_alignLeft ="@+id/textView1"

android:layout_below ="@+id/textView1"

android:layout_marginTop ="21dp"

android:text ="点击我" />

xml 中点击事件的定义：android:onClick ="getReadbleDB"

bt_save .setOnClickListener(this );

多选框

Checkbox

bt_save .setOnClickedChangeListener(new OnCheckedListener());

public void oncheckedchange

开关按钮

android:id ="@+id/toggleButton1"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content"

android:textOn ="开"

android:textOff ="关" android:text ="ToggleButton" />

setOnCheckedChangeListener(CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener(){

@Override

Public void onOnCheckedChanged(CompoundButton btn,Boolean isChecked ){

}

});

Anal ogCl ock & DigitalCl ock

AnalogClock 图形时钟，继承自View

DigitalClock 文字时钟，继承自TextView

Chronometer 计时器，继承自TextView

Xml 属性：

Android:format 计时器的格式

方法：

Start() 启动计时器

Stop() 关闭计时器

setBase(long) 设置计时器的起点

setOnChronometerTickListener(Chronometer.OnChronometerTickListener({

@Overrid

Public void onChronometerTick(Chronometer chronometer){}

}));

ImageView

继承自View

Xml 属性：

Android:src 图片源

Android:scaleType: 缩放策略

取值范围：

Matrix,fitXY,fitStart,fitCenter,fitEnd,center,centerCrop,centerInside

Api:

ImageView.setAlpha(int)0—255 设置图片透明度

ImageView.setImageResource(int id) 设置图片源

Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap,int x,int y,int width,int height)

ListView()重要

lv.setAdapter(new MyAdapter)

private class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{

public int getCount(){ //有多少列

return 5；

}

getView()//返回每个条目对应的view 对象

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

//问题: getView 的方法被调用了多少次?

// 界面上能显示多个条目 ,这个方法就会被调用多少次.

System.out.println("getview" + position);

if(position == 0){//第一个位置

TextView tv = new TextView(DemoActivity.this);

tv.setText("我是第0个条目");

return tv;

}else if(position == 1){//第二个位置

ImageView iv = new ImageView(DemoActivity.this);

iv.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);

return iv;

}else {

TextView tv = new TextView(DemoActivity.this);

/**

* 方法2 采用view 对象的tag 存放一些我们想传递的数据

tv.setTag("新闻的url 为"+ position);

tv.setTextSize(30);

tv.setTextColor(Color.RED);

tv.setText("我是第"+position+"个条目");

return tv;

}

datapicker(日期选择器)

android:id ="@+id/dp"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content" />

dp .init(c .get(Calendar.YEAR ), c .get(Calendar.MONTH ),

c .get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH ), new OnDateChangedListener() { @Override

public void onDateChanged(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) {

tv1.setText("您所选择的日期是：" + year + "年" + (monthOfYear

+ 1) + "月"

+ dayOfMonth + "日");

} });

------------------timepicker -------------------------------------------

android:id ="@+id/tp"

android:layout_width ="wrap_content"

android:layout_height ="wrap_content" />

tp .setOnTimeChangedListener(new OnTimeChangedListener() {

@Override

public void onTimeChanged(TimePicker view, int hourOfDay, int minute) {

tv1.setText("您所选择的时间是："+hourOfDay+"点"+minute+"分"); }

});

进度条

1. ProgressBar

进度条，继承自View

Xml 属性：

Android:max 进度条最大值

Android:progress 进度条当前值

Android:progressDrawable 进度条的图片

Style 进度条的样式

注：style 的取值范围有：

@android:style/Widget.ProgressBar.Horizontal 水平进度条

@android:style/Widget.ProgressBar.Inverse

@android:style/https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,rge

@android:style/https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,rge.Inverse

@android:style/Widget.ProgressBar.Small

@android:style/Widget.ProgressBar.Small.Inverse

API:

progressBar.incrementProgressBy(int) 增加进度

progressBar.setProgress(int) 设置进度

在标题上显示进度条

a. 显示带刻度的进度条

在Activity 调用setContentView()之前,调用requestWindowFeature （Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS ）

在Activity 调用setContentView 之后，调用setProgressBarVisibility(true)

b. 显示不带刻度的进度条

在Activity 调用setContentView()之前,调用requestWindowFeature （Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS ）

在Activity 调用setContentView 之后，调用setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true)

内容提供者：

把一个应用程序私有的数据给其他程序使用

内容提供者根据一个路径把数据暴露出来 content://(包名)/ uri:统一资源定位符

url:统一资源标识符

使用方法：

1、创建一个类继承extends ContentProvider

2、在清单文件中配置

选项卡

1/编写TabHostxml

2、extends TabActivity

TabHost tabhost = this.getTabHost();

LayoutInflater li = get LayoutInflater();

li.inflate(R.id.main,tabhost.getTabContentView());

TabSpec tab1 = tabhost.newTabHost("tab1");

tab1.setContent(R.id.tab1)

tab1.indicate("tab11")

tabhost.addTab(tab1)

btn = (Button)tabhost.findViewById(R.id.btn);

--------------------------listView ----------------------------

private int [] icons = { R.drawable.ic_menu_allfriends ,

R.drawable.ic_menu_always_landscape_portrait ,

R.drawable.ic_menu_archive , R.drawable.ic_menu_attachment ,

R.drawable.ic_menu_back };

private String[] names = { "我的好友",

"屏幕旋转",

"打开文件夹", "添加附件", "后退按钮" };

!!!!!!!!!BaseAdapter!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

inflater = (LayoutInflater) getSystemService(https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,YOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE );

lv .setAdapter(new MyAdapter());

lv .setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {

@Override

public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view,

int position, long id) {

String name = (String) lv .getItemAtPosition(position);

Toast.makeText (DemoActivity.this , name, 0).show();

}

});

private class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {}

!!!!!!!!!!!!! ArrayAdapter!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,yout.main );

lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv );

// 初始化系统布局填充器的服务

inflater = (LayoutInflater)

getSystemService(https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,YOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE );

lv .setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter(this , https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,yout.item , https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html, , names ));

}

!!!!!!!!!!!! SimpleAdapter!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,yout.main );

lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv );

// 初始化系统布局填充器的服务

inflater = (LayoutInflater)

getSystemService(https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,YOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE );

List> data = new ArrayList>(); Map map1 = new HashMap();

map1.put("icon", icons [0]);

map1.put("name", names [0]);

data.add(map1);

Map map2 = new HashMap();

map2.put("icon", icons [2]);

map2.put("name", names [2]);

data.add(map2);

lv .setAdapter(new SimpleAdapter(this , data, https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html,yout.item , new String[]{"icon","name"}, new int []{R.id.iv ,https://www.doczj.com/doc/b913829894.html, }));

}

--安卓网络编程------------------------

SQLite 事务

数据库操作：

---------------------------------------------------------

public class PersonDBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

public PersonDBOpenHelper(Context context) {

super (context, "Person.db", null , 2);

}

@Override

public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

db.execSQL("create table person (id integer primary key autoincrement ,name varchar(20), number varchar(20))");

}

@Override

public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { //在更新数据库表结构的时候执行,添加一列账户

System.out.println("onUpgrade");

db.execSQL("alter table person add account varchar(20)");

}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

增删查改：

对话框

1.AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);

//2.设置dialog的属性icon message

builder.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);

builder.setTitle("title test..");

builder.setMessage("dialog test...");

builder.setPositiveButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Log.e("msg","取消被点击");

}

});

builder.setNegativeButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Log.e("msg","确定被点击");

}

});

//3.builder对象create()创建Dialog

AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

//4.dialog.show();

dialog.show();

12 ----------------------------------------listDialog------------------------------

class MyOnClickListener implements View.OnClickListener{

private int type;

public MyOnClickListener(int type){

this.type = type;

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);

builder.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);

if(type == 1){

builder.setTitle("listItem choice");

builder.setItems(strs, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Log.e("msg", "listItem...choice..." + strs[which]);

}

});

}else if(type == 2){

builder.setTitle("multiChoice");

builder.setMultiChoiceItems(strs,flags,new

DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) { Log.e("msg","multichoice");

}

});

builder.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

for(int i = 0; i < flags.length; i++){

if(flags[i]){

buffer.append(strs[i]+",");

}

Log.e("checkedItems",buffer.toString());

}

});

}else if(type == 3){

builder.setTitle("singleChoice");

builder.setSingleChoiceItems(strs, choice, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

choice = which;

}

});

builder.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Log.e("singlechoice..",strs[choice]);

}

});

}

AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

dialog.show(); }

--------------------------- AlertDialog dialog;--------------------------------------------

private AlertDialog dialog;

protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(MainActivity.this);

builder.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);

builder.setTitle("title test..");

builder.setMessage("dialog test...");

builder.setNegativeButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

Log.e("msg", "确定被点击");

}

});

AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

return dialog;

}

dialog.dismiss()/dialog.cancle();

ImageSwitcher

int [] imgs = {R.drawable.a1,R.drawable.a2,R.drawable.aa};

this.imgSwitcher = (ImageSwitcher)findViewById(R.id.imgSwitcher);

this.imgSwitcher.setInAnimation(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, android.R.anim.fade_in)); this.imgSwitcher.setOutAnimation(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, android.R.anim.fade_out)); this.imgSwitcher.setFactory(new ViewFactory() {

@Override

public View makeView() {

return new ImageView(MainActivity.this);

}

});

this.imgSwitcher.setImageResource(imgs[index]);

------------------------------------------翻页---------------------------------------

pro.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

index--;

if(index < 0){

index = imgs.length - 1;

}

imgSwitcher.setImageResource(imgs[index]);

}

});

next.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

index++;

if(index >= imgs.length){

index = 0;

}

imgSwitcher.setImageResource(imgs[index]);

}

});

public static final int ITEM0 = Menu.FIRST ;

public static final int ITEM1 = Menu.FIRST + 1;

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

super .onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);

menu.add(0,ITEM0,0,"按钮一");

menu.add(0,ITEM1,0,"按钮二");

menu.findItem(ITEM1);

return true ;

}

public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){

switch (item.getItemId()){

case ITEM0:

actionClickMenuItem1();

break ;

case ITEM1:

actionClickMenuItem2();

break ;

}

return true ;

}

private void actionClickMenuItem1() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

setTitle("按钮一可见");

btn1.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE );

btn2.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE );

}

private void actionClickMenuItem2() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

setTitle("按钮2 可见");

btn1.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE );

btn2.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE );

} -----------------------------------SubMenu -------------------------------

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

//添加多重子菜单

* add()添加子菜单选项.不能再添加子菜单选项

* addSubMenu()得到一个子菜单选项。子菜单选项，可以添加下一级子菜单

SubMenu submenu = menu.addSubMenu("颜色选择");//一级

menu.add(0,1,0,"退出");

//第一个参数：一级菜单的组//第二个参数：二级菜单的ItemId

//第三个参数：在二级菜单组出现的顺序//第四个参数：二级菜单显示的文本

submenu.add(1,11,1,"红色");//二级

submenu.add(1,12,3,"绿色");

submenu.add(1,13,2,"蓝色");

SubMenu sub2 = submenu.addSubMenu("其他颜色");//三级

sub2.add(2,14,1,"黑色");

sub2.add(2,15,2,"紫色");

return true ;

}

为二级菜单的ITEM 添加动作

public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

int id = item.getItemId();

switch (id){

case 1:finish();break ;

case 11:txt .setTextColor(Color.RED );break ;

case 12:txt .setTextColor(Color.GREEN );break ;

case 13:txt .setTextColor(Color.BLUE );break ;

case 14:txt .setTextColor(Color.BLACK );break ;

case 15:txt .setTextColor(Color.YELLOW );break ;

}

return super .onOptionsItemSelected(item);

}

-----------------------------ContextMenu---------------------------------

registerForContextMenu(txt);

registerForContextMenu(txt2);

public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,

ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {

MenuItem item = menu.add("删除");

menu.add("复制");

final View v2 = v;

item.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new OnMenuItemClickListener() {

@Override

public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {

content.removeView(v2);

return false;

}

});

}

Notification

private NotificationManager m;

//1.通过NotificationManger 来管理Activity 中的信息

m = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE );

//2.设置状态栏上的属性

Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher ,"所需要显示的文本

",System.currentTimeMillis ());

//3.setDefault();有消息弹出的时候有铃声和振动

notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_ALL ;

//4.设置下来后点击的链接

PendingIntent contentIntent =

PendingIntent.getActivity (MainActivity.this , 0,

new Intent(MainActivity.this ,OtherActivity.class ) , PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT );

//5.下拉后的内容

notification.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this , "get a notification", "notification details....", contentIntent);

//6.利用管理器将notification 显示出来

m .notify(123456, notification);

在链接的界面中设置点击后，状态信息消失

mNotificationManager.cancel(123456);

//3.设置notification 的具体的参数

n otification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; //标示当前的notification 被清除掉 FLAG_NO_CLEAR

// notification.sound 指定notification 的声音，接收的事URI 类型

// notification.vibrate long[]{200,100,200} //振动先振动200ms-100ms-200ms n otification.icon = R.drawable.notification;

I ntent intent = new Intent(this,DemoActivity.class);

P endingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

n otification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "我是正文的标题", "我是具体的内容", contentIntent);

设置启动模式(在配置文件中的activity 里)

android:launchMode="singleTop"

事件处理与监听

内部类

btn.setOnClickListener(new MyListener());

class MyListener implements View.OnClickListener{

public void onClick(View v) {

Toast.makeText (MainActivity.this , "My.listener",

Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show();

}

匿名内部类

btn .setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Toast.makeText (MainActivity.this , "listener",

Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show();

}

});

外部类

btn.setOnClickListener(new MyListener2(this));

public class MyListener2 implements OnClickListener {

private Context context;

public MyListener2(Context context){

this.context = context;

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Toast.makeText(context, "listener", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

implements View.OnClickListener

public void onClick(View v) {

Toast.makeText (MainActivity.this , "Activity...listener", Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show();

}

按钮定义

android:onClick="doit"

public boolean doit(View v){

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "doit...listener", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return true;

}

多媒体播放

mediaPlayer

存储--

手势--

private Gesture

Gesture

onToucherEVent

图片浏览器

xml:

ViewFlipper

src:

private ViewFlipper vf ;

vf = ........fineview``

vf.addView();

vf.showNext();//下一个

vf.showPrevious();//上一个

File file = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory ();

File[] files = file.listFiles();

for (File f : files) {

if (f.isFile() && f.getName().endsWith("jpg")) {

ImageView iv = new ImageView(DemoActivity.this );

iv.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile (f));

vf.addView(iv);

手势

private GestureDetector mGestureDetector;

mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(

new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() {

// 手指在屏幕上滑动的时候调用的方法.

// e1 手指第一次接触到屏幕的时候对应的事件

// e2 手指离开屏幕的时候对应的事件

// velocityx 水平方向的移动速度

@Override

public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY) {

if (Math.abs (e1.getY() - e2.getY()) > 100) { System.out .println("垂直方向移动过大");