选修8
Unit 3Inventors and inventions
要点梳理
●重点单词
1．distinguish vi. & vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
2．merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy n．宽大；仁慈3．product n．产品
4．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地
5．convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的→convenience n．方便，便利→conveniently adv.便利地，方便地6．caution n．小心，谨慎→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地，谨慎地
7．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的8．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺
9．file n．文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档10．freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v．冰冻11．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真，清白12．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担13．tap vt.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
14．current n．(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的15．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的16．associate vt.联想；联系n．同伴，伙伴17．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的18．competence n．能力；胜任；本领
●重点短语
1．call up给……打电话
2．now and then 偶尔；有时
3．set about开始；着手
4．dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入5．set out(to do) 开始(做)
6．hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7．out of order次序颠倒；发生故障
8．get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
9．ring back回复电话
10．ring off挂断电话
●重点句型
1．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起来了。2．But once picked up, they tried to bite me. 但是它们一被捡起来，就试图咬我。
3．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你获得了那种认证后，你才能说是一个真正的发明家。
4．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
5．Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn…t work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。
●高考范文(2007·海南，宁夏，全国Ⅰ)
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一位英国笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1．年龄； 2.性别； 3.爱好(旅游、运动、养宠物等)。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Peter，
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
________________________________________________________________________
Best regards，
Li Hua
[范文]
Dear_Peter，
I_am_writing_to_ask_whether_you_are_able_to_do_me_a_favor.
I want to have a penfriend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and
playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best_regards，
Li_Hua
考点探究
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．distinguish vi.&vt. 辨别；显示……的差别distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的
distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能区分的
distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from... 使……有别于……，使……具有区别于……的特征distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出be distinguished by/for 以……为特征/著名
[即学即练1](1)He…s ____________________ himself ______ a teacher. 作为老师，他早已负有盛名。
(2)We should ______ ____________ major ______ minor work and not put the trivial above the important. 我们的工作要分主次，不能轻重倒置。
distinguished as distinguish between and
(3)What was it that _____________ her ______ her classmates? 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？distinguished from
2．convenient adj. 方便的；便利的；附近的convenience n. 方便，便利
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说
是方便的。
Sth. be convenient to/for sb. 对某人来说……是方便的。at sb…s convenience 在某人方便的时候convenience food 方便食品convenience store 便利店
[即学即练2](1)We must ____________ a convenient time and place ______ the meeting.
我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。
(2)When would ________________________ you to go? 你什么时候去方便？
(3)The hotel has a restaurant for the guests' _________. 这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。
arrange for it be convenient for convenience 3．seize vt.抓住，捉住；把握(机会等)；夺取某物，占领某地
seize sth.突然抓住
seize an opportunity抓住机会seize power夺取政权be seized with被……侵扰；患/得(病) seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂
[即学即练3](1)He __________________ and shook it heartily. 他拉住她的手高兴地握着。
(2)The enemy __________________ after a violent attack.敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。
(3)He ________________________ going abroad. 他抓住了那次出国的机会。
seized her hand seized the town seized the chance of (4)He _________________ a slight attack of fever. 他有一点发烧。
was seized with
4．bear vt. (bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育
bear doing/ n．/to do忍受……
bear sb./sb.’s doing忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth. out证实；为……作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍bear sth. in mind牢记
[即学即练4](1)I couldn…t _________________ any longer, so I left the room. 我实在听不下去了，就离开了房间。
(2)I can?t _________________ waiting. 我不能忍受长时间的等待。
(3)I doubt if that chair will __________________. 我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。
bear to listen bear being kept bear your weight
(4)Y ou must ________________________ that your parents hope to depend on you to become a doctor.
你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。
(5)She ____________ three children. 她生了三个孩子。
bear it in mind has borne
(6)Who ____________ the responsibility/expense? 谁要负担这责任/费用呢？
will bear
提示：(1)bear作“忍受”讲时，其后接动名词做宾语，表示习惯性的动作，也可接不定式做宾语，表示某一次具体的动作，且多与can, could及be able to等连用。
(2)borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出世”时用born，并且仅用于被动语态，表示“生育”时用borne。
5．associate vt.联想，联系n.同伴，伙伴accociation n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
associate sb./sth. with sb./sth.
把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……be associated with...和……有关associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道
associate oneself with sth.声称或表示自己赞同某事物in association with...与……合伙/合作
[即学即练5](1)I’ve never _____________ you ______ this place. 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。
(2)I wouldn’t want to __________________ Mckey’s project. 我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。
(3)I don’t like these layabouts you’re ____________. 我不喜欢你结交的这些游手好闲的人。associated with be associated with associating with 6．call up 召唤；使人想起；提出；打电话
call at 访问(某地)
call on/upon 访问(某人)
call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事call back 召回，撤销
call for 需要；要求call out 大声喊叫call forth 唤起，引起call in 召集；收回call off 取消
[即学即练6](1)The trip _____________________________ of my youth. 旅行勾起了我对年轻时代的美好回忆。
(2)He ____________ all the information from the computer.他从计算机中调出了所有的信息。
called up happy memories called up
(3)He _________ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD. 他打电话就是为了告诉我他买了一台新的DVD。called me up
拓展：与打电话有关的短语：
ring/call up 打电话
ring/call back 回复电话
ring off 挂断电话
give sb. a ring 给某人打电话sb. be wanted on the phone 有某人的电话answer the phone 接电话
hang/hold on 不挂断电话
7．set about (doing sth.) 开始；着手干某事
set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)，把…置于一旁set out for＝set off for＝leave for 出发到某地去
set out to do 开始做……set down 写下；记下；规定
set off 动身；起程；激起；引起；使爆炸set up 建立；设置；创建；开办
[即学即练7](1)Y ou must ________________________ at once.你必须立即开始工作。
(2)Do you know how to __________________ on this work？你知道怎样着手进行这项工作吗？
(3)Bell never ________________________ the telephone.(＝Bell never ______________________ the telephone.) 贝尔从来没打算去发明电话。
set about your work set about going set out to invent set about inventing (4)When are we ____________ (＝___________) on our trip？我们什么时候动身去旅行？
setting out setting off
8．get through 打通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)；克服(困难)
get across 被理解；使人了解get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)
get on/along 相处
get out of 避免；摆脱get over 克服get in 收获
get around/round 到处走动；传播出去get away/off 逃脱，离开
[即学即练8]写出下列句子中get through的意思。
(1)I tried several times, but couldn't get through. ___________________
(2)Y ou'll get through this problem. _________________________
打通(电话)克服(困难)
(3)I'll get through this work by noon. ____________________
(4)We were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam. ___________________完成(工作)通过(考试)
拓展：
go through 经历；翻阅；检查look through 浏览，仔细检查live through 活过一段时间；经历put through 把电话接通
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．But once_picked_up,_they tried to bite me. 但是它们一被捡起来，就试图咬我。
(1)once作为连接词引导时间状语从句时，后面可接现在分词或过去分词。
①Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.
博物馆一旦开放，肯定会受到市民的欢迎。(表被动)
②Once talking with him, you'll find him an easygoing man. 一旦与他交谈，你就会发现他是一个随和的人。(表主动)
(2)once 引导的从句中，要用一般时代替将来时。
①Once you have grasped English, you'll be easy to get a well－paid job.
一旦你掌握了英语，你就会很容易找到一份报酬很高的工作。(现在完成时代替将来完成时)
②Once he arrives, we can start.他一到我们就可以开始。(一般现在时代替一般将来时)
[即境活用1](2007·福建) Y ou will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence.
A．before B．once C．until D．though
答案：B解析：考查状语从句。once “一旦”引导时间状语从句。before“在……以前”；until “直到……”；though“虽然”。
2．Remember to include one change to your invention in_case it doesn’t work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。
in case(以防)万一
in case 后可接从句，也可置于句末。
in case of 要是……；在……时候(后接名词或代词) in this case 如果这样的话in that case 如果那样的话
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)
①Take your umbrella in case it rains. 拿着你的雨伞以防下雨。
②In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘记了我的诺言，请提醒我。
③In case of fire, open this safety door. 一旦发生火灾，打开这扇安全门。
④In no case may you leave the baby alone at home. 你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。
[即境活用2](2007·北京)Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day.
A．ever since B．even if C．soon after D．in case
答案：D解析：A项意为“自从……以来”，B项意为“即使”，C项意为“不久之后”，D项意为“以防；以免”。句意为“留一把钥匙给邻居，以免有一天你把自己锁在门外”。
易错点拨
case构成的短语的用法
[应用](1)It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, ______ the hike would be put off.
A．in any case B．in which case C．in no case D．in case
答案：B解析：该题考查case的相关短语及定语从句，根据前面说“据说明天有大雨”，可知hike在这种情
况下要推迟，which引导定语从句，指代整个主句。
(2)－The first bus has just left and the next bus will come in twenty minutes. －______，we will have to wait. A．In this case B．In this way C．By this means D．In the end
答案：A
(3)John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ______ he phones.
A．as long as B．in order that C．in case D．so that
答案：C解析：as long as意为“只要”，in order that意为“为了”，in case意为“以防”，so that意为“以致；为了”。in case引导条件状语从句。
(4)I don’t think I’ll need any money, but I’ll bring some ______.
A．at last B．in case C．once again D．in time
答案：B解析：根据句子中所说自己目前不需要钱，可是要带一点备用或者以防万一。in case是“以防万一”的意思，恰好符合此意。in time是“及时，恰好，迟早”的意思。
(5)Y ou’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ______ you have to wait.
A．even if B．as if C．in case D．in order that
答案：C
高效作业
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Success in money－making is not always a good c__________ of real success in life.
2．It’s f___________ outside. Y ou’d better put on more clothes.
3．The packet of white p_________ the police found in his room turned out to be cocaine.
4．What we need is a s__________ government.
5．Y our invention is ingenious, but not very p__________.
criterion freezing powder
stable practical
6．He is __________(清白的，无罪的) of the charge.
7．He_____________ (使……扬名) himself by his courage at that time.
8．I keep my reference books near my desk for _________ (方便)．
9．He ate a light lunch in ____________ (期望) of a good dinner.
10．She likes inventions and she has applied for ________ (专利)．
innocent distinguished convenience
expectation patent
Ⅱ .单项选择
1．－Jack, you ______ on the phone. －______.
A．are wanted; Coming B．are needed; I’m coming C．are called; I’ll come D．are rung up; Thanks
答案：A解析：考查电话用语。叫人接电话时常用表达有：Y ou are wanted on the phone. /There is a call for you./ For you.回答用：I’m coming.或Coming.
2．Whoever invented ______ wheel is believed to have made ______ most useful invention in ______ history.
A．a; the; /B．the; the; / C．the; /; / D．a; a; the
答案：B解析：发明物的前面必须用the；第二空用the表示最高级，故加定冠词the; in history 为固定搭配，意为“在历史上”，不加任何冠词。
3．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a ______ environment. A．peaceful B．sensitive C．common D．stable
答案：D解析：A项“平静的”；B项“敏感的”；C项“共同的”；D项“稳定的”。句意为：水能吸收和放出许多热量，这在温度上没有大的变化，因而就创造出了一个稳定的环境。
4．Having decided to rent a flat, we ______ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.
A．set about B．set down C．set out D．set up
答案A解析：考查动词短语。set about doing＝set out to do开始着手做某事；set down 写下，记下；set up 建立。
5．Color blind people often find it difficult to ______between blue and green.
A．separate B．distinguish
C．compare D．contrast
答案：B
解析：句意为：色盲的人经常感到很难区分蓝色和绿色。separate “分离，分开”，但与between 不能连用；distinguish between “分辨，辨别”；compare (to/with) 比较，对照；contrast (with) 形成对比。
6．When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers ______ suggestions.
A．careful B．practical
C．effective D．acceptable
答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。careful “仔细的，小心的”；practical “可行的，实用的”；effective “有效的，生效的”；acceptable “可接受的，受到欢迎的”。本句的意思是：当我们计划假期的时候，妈妈经常提出实用、可行的建议。因此B项最佳。
7．—Are you ready to leave?
—Almost. I'll be ready to go as soon as I ______ putting the clean dishes away.
A．get through B．give up
C．go on D．set about
答案：A
解析：get through (doing) sth. 完成某事。give up (doing) sth. 放弃；go on doing 继续；set about doing 开始做。8．I am sure that Laura's latest play, ______ staged, will prove a great success.
A．since B．unless
C．once D．until
答案：C
解析：考查“once＋过去分词”。其中为省略句once the latest play is staged。
9．(2010·安徽皖南八校二联)Without the help of my English teacher, I ______ the first prize in the English speaking competition.
A．would win B．would have won
C．would not win D．would not have won
答案：D
解析：考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadn…t helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。
10．Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
A．free B．vacant
C．handy D．convenient
答案：D
解析：句意：你四点钟接我并把我送到机场方便吗？It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便。11．Does this meal cost $50? I ______ something far better than this!
A．prefer B．expect
C．suggest D．suppose
答案：B
解析：考查动词辨析。expect期望；期盼；prefer更喜欢；suggest建议；suppose猜想；认为。
12．He can't bear ______ in public.
A．to laugh at B．to be laughed at
C．laughing at D．laugh at
答案：B
解析：本题中bear为“承受”的意思。也可表示为bear being laughed at。
13．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ______ sc enes of my childhood.
A．called up B．called for
C．called on D．called in
答案：A
解析：A.“唤起”，B.“需要”，C.“号召”，D.“召集”。本题题意为“……本次参观使我想起了童年的情景”。因此选A。
14．(2010·北京东城期末)－Hello, everyone! Have you heard the meeting will be put off till next Tuesday?
－That's what we ______ about when you came in.
A．are talking B．were talking
C．talk D．talked
答案：B
解析：考查动词的时态。“那就是你进来时我们正在讨论的事情”。此处“讨论”的动作发生在“你进来时”，所以用进行时态，同时从came in可以看出用“过去进行时态”。答案应该选B项。
15．(2010·唐山摸底考试)He was so deep in thought, thinking of the problem ______ he knocked into the tree without noticing it.
A．when B．while
C．because D．that
答案：D
解析：考查状语从句的引导词。so...that表示“如此，以致”。他思考问题太投入了，以致一不留神儿撞到了树上。
Ⅲ .阅读理解
A
China will plan to make new rules to give more controls over the growing number of blogs and webcasts (网上直播)．
Nowadays, advanced network technologies, such as Hogging and webcasting, are being improved to challenge the government's ability to watch over the Internet.
Chinese government was in the middle of making new rules over Internet publishing, and blogs and websites that publishing webcasts would fall under these rules.
Government officials hope the new rules would ensure a more healthy and active Internet environment and would fully respect and protect Chinese citizens' freedom of speech. Specific details on what kind of rules would be carried out are still unknown to the public.
Despite the growing popularity, bloggers and webcasters have been unpopular with publication institutions.
In 2006, a series of cases involving bloggers who had dived into other people's privacy and written materials ruining others' fame urged the government to consider whether to require bloggers to use their real names when they log in.
Webcasting without copyright and illegally “copying”products from copyrighted materials have also led government officials to consider starting a nationwide check of online video broadcasting, and allow only qualified websites to continue offering webcasts.
1．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．The Increases of Blogs and Webcasts
B．New Rules to Control Internet Publishing
C．Technologies Challenge the Government
D．The Popularity of Online Video Broadcasting
答案及解析：
1．B。主旨大意题。第一段就概括了本文的大意。
2. Chinese government thinks the current Internet environment is ______.
A．quite healthy B．less active
C．rather hopeful D．less piloted
答案及解析：2．D。由第四段可知。
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Publication institutions are unhappy with bloggers and webcasters.
B.All bloggers and webcasters like to dig out other people's privacy.
C.Webcasters are quite aware of the copyright issues while online.
D.Copyrighted materials can only be offered to qualified websites.
答案及解析：3．A。由第五段可知A项正确。
B
The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming(逼近) hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis.
Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the stavt of 2004. These food prices increases, combined with soaring energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine(破坏) political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.
So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止，避免) the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale up(按比例增加，扩大) the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine prone(遭遇饥荒) country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high yield seeds.
Malawi…s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all.
Second, the US and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing(给补助金) the conversion of food into biofuels(生物燃料)．
Third, we urgently need to weatherproof(使防风雨) the world's crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond—which collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell—can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions, climate proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care, but has not yet acted upon the promise.
The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity. We need to invest vastly more in sustainable development in order to achieve true global security and economic growth.
4. Which of the following is the best title?
A. How to End the Global Food Shortage.
B. How to End the Global Disaster.
C. How to Help the Farmers in the Poor Countries.
D. How to Subsidize the Farmers to Increase Food Products.
答案及解析：4．A。主旨大意题。文章主要讲如何结束全球食物短缺，A能概括文章中的主要内容。B、C、D都是文章中的一部分。
5. The word “woes”in paragraph one is most likely to mean ______.
A. hunger
B. things
C. matters
D. disasters
答案及解析：5．D。词义猜测题。从下文中Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止，避免) the potential for a global disaster.可以猜出词义。
6. What does the author think of the global food shortage?
A. People in the world can do nothing.
B. The global food crisis will continue.
C. The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity.
D. We don' know.
答案及解析：6．C。事实细节题，文中最后一段可知。
7. What measures should be taken to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster?
A. To scale－up the dramatic success of Malawi.
B. The U．S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels.
C. To prevent the world's crops from being destroyed by weather as soon and as effectively as possible.
D. All above.
答案及解析：7．D。事实细节题，从文章中第二、三、四段可知。
1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,______ as 3M. A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known 解析：known as “以……而著称”，过去分词短语作定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句which is known as 3M。 答案：B 题干评注：非谓语动词 问题评注：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词。 2.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing. A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating 解析：此句中的remain为连系动词，后跟过去分词作表语，构成remain/be seated结构。 答案：C 题干评注：非谓语动词 问题评注：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词。 3.You can give the books to ______ need them most. A.anyone you think B.whoever you think C.you think who D.those that 解析：从语法角度可以排除A、C两项，从主谓一致可排除B项，因为you think 为插入语，宾语从句中动词need不应该为复数。 答案：D 题干评注：宾语从句 问题评注：名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：连词：that, whether, if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）；B.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which；疑问副词：when, where, why, how 4.Of all the students ______ on the blackboard,Lily got the best grades in the exams. A.listing B.being listed C.listed D.to list 解析：此题考查过去分词在句中作定语的用法。list和students间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“黑板上已经列出的学生当中”。 答案：C 题干评注：非谓语动词 问题评注：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词。过去分词在句中作定语 5.There is no point ______. A.working hard B.in studying hard C.on work hard D.study hard 解析：there is no point in doing sth.为固定搭配。 答案：B 题干评注：词语辨析 问题评注：词语辨析要求对所给的一组单词或短语进行比较辨别。做这类题时，要从词语的
Part 1. Warming up Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1.I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many time.我当时认为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。 witness vt.目睹；目击；为……作证 句型witness to (doing/having done) sth.证明某事；证实做了某事 Police are appealing to any driver who may have witnessed the accident.警方正呼吁曾目睹这事故的司机出面作证。 The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe.20世纪80年代是全欧洲失业日益加剧的年代。 Her principal was called to witness to her good character.她的校长被传唤来证明她优良的品质。The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋建筑物。 n.证据；目击者 He has been a witness to a terrible murder.他目击了一起残忍的凶杀事件。 His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 2.One afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. 归纳总结 accommodation n.住处；停留处；和解，调解；(pl.)住宿，膳宿 (1)make accommodations for...为……提供膳宿 book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预订房间 arrange sb.’s accommodation给某人安排住处 （2）accommodate vt.向……提供住宿（或膳宿）；容纳；为……提供空间；考虑到；顾及；帮忙；给……提供方便；顺应，适应（新情况） accommodate...to=adapt...to使……适应 accommodate oneself to=adapt (oneself) to适应；顺应 accommodate sb.with sth.=supply sb.with sth. 即学即用 （1）客座艺术家们只好自掏腰包支付食宿费用。 Guest artists have to pay for their own accommodations and meals. （2）旅馆房间不足。The hotel accommodation is scarce. （3）这幢房子可容纳两家人居住。The house can accommodate two families (4)银行将提供一笔贷款给你。The bank will accommodate you with a loan. (5)你必须使自己适应形势。You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation. 3.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 搭配opposite to…在……的对面；与……相反 I sat opposite to him during the meal. 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。 The result was opposite to what we expected. 结果与我们所预料的正好相反。see...doing... 看见……正在做……；throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语an enormous animal存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。 I saw the little child crossing the street.我看见那个小孩儿在过马路。 (1)在感官动词see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find等及使役动词have, make, leave, keep, get等后既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。不定式(不带to)表示过程或动
Unit 4 第1课时 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．In this quiet way, the first________(两星期)of her visit soon passed away. 2．Much new knowledge is________(遥远的)from the immediate interest of the ordinary person. 3．There is an active demand for________(作口译的人)during the trade fair. 4．An officer climbed on to the________(平台)and spoke to him. 5．I can not understand so abstract c________. 6．What things do you do w________or monthly, but not every day? 7．He tried to a________his daily plan to leave time for everything. 8．What you said is not r________to the matter in hand. 9．Do you know how a(n)________(宇航员)flies in a spacecraft? 10．The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this________(角度)． 11．They celebrate their wedding a________annually. 12．The government calls on the youth to d________their blood voluntarily. 13．The purposes of the United Nations are to maintain international peace and s________. 14．The quickest way to sew is with a s________machine. 15．He gave his son some money for the p________of his school books. 16．Getting the balance between two________(政治的)forces involves a lot of arts. 17．The children's ________(门诊部)was open during school hours. 18．Having lost his job, he'd begun to interest himself in local________(志愿的)work. 19．It is quite necessary to know the age________(分布)in the population. 20．All the machines are listed in the________(目录)． 答案：1.fortnight 2.remote 3.interpreter 4.platform 5．concept 6.weekly7.adjust8.relevant9.astronaut 10．angle11.anniversary12.donate13.security 14．sewing15.purchase16.political17.clinic 18．voluntary19.distribution20.catalogue Ⅱ.完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，从题中(1～20)所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 This story is about a 92-year-old proud lady. She is fully__1__each morning by eight, with her hair fashionable coifed(戴头巾)and makeup perfectly applied，__2__she is legally blind. She is moving to a nursing home today. Her husband of 70 years old recently__3__，making the move necessary. After many hours of waiting__4__in the lobby of the nursing home, she smiled sweetly when__5__her room was ready. As she directed her walker to the elevator, I provided a visual__6__of her tiny room, including the eyelet(圆孔眼)sheets that had been hung on her window.“I__7__it，”she stated with the enthusiasm of an eight-year-old who had just been__8__with a new puppy(小狗)． “Mrs Jones, you haven't seen the__9__yet. Just wait.”“That doesn't have anything to do with it，”she replied.“__10__is something you decide on ahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn't__11__how the furniture is arranged. It's__12__I arrange my mind. I already__13__to love it. It's a decision I make every morning when I wake up.” “I have a__14__. I can spend the day in bed listing the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work, or get out of bed and be__15__for the ones that do. Each day is a__16__，and as long as my eyes open I'll focus on the new day and all the happy__17__I've stored away...just for this time in my life.” “Old age is__18__a bank account...you withdraw from what you've put in. So, my advice to
Unit 2Cloning [核心词汇] 1．undertake v t. 着手；从事；承担 2．cast v t.扔；投；掷 3．obtain v t.获得；赢得 4．attain v t.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等) 5．forbid v t.禁止；不准 6．owe v t.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……7．bother v t.打扰 v i. 操心 n.烦扰 8．strike v i.&v t. 打；撞击；罢工 n.罢工 9．vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的10．merely ad v. 仅；只；不过 11．adore v t.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱12．breakthrough n.突破 [拓展词汇] 13．accumulate v t.&v i.积累；聚积 →accumulation n.积累；聚积 14．resist v t.抵抗；对抗 →resistance n.抵抗；对抗
→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的15．assume v t.假定；设想 →assumption n.假定；设想 16．differ v i.不同；相异 →different adj.不同的 →difference n.不同；差异 17．object v i.反对；不赞成 →objection n.不赞成；反对；异议 →objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的18．retire v i.退休；离开 →retirement n.退休 →retired adj.退休的；离职的19．reason n.理由；原因 →reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→unreasonable adj.不合情理的 1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2．cast down 使沮丧；使失望 3．object to 反对 4．in favour of 赞成；支持 5．(be)bound to (do )．.. 一定或注定(做)……6．strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 7．from time to time 不时；偶尔 8．bring back to life 使复生；使复活 9．in vain 白费力气；枉费心机 10．in good /poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
选修2-2 知识点及习题答案解析 导数及其应用 一.导数概念的引入 1. 导数的物理意义： 瞬时速率。一般的，函数()y f x =在0x x =处的瞬时变化率是000 ()()lim x f x x f x x ?→+?-?， 我们称它为函数 () y f x =在 x x =处的导数，记作 0() f x '或 |x x y ='，即 0()f x '=000 ()()lim x f x x f x x ?→+?-? 2. 导数的几何意义： 曲线的切线.通过图像,我们可以看出当点n P 趋近于P 时，直线PT 与曲线相切。容易知道，割线n PP 的斜率是00()()n n n f x f x k x x -=-，当点n P 趋近于P 时，函数 ()y f x =在0x x =处的导数就是切线PT 的斜率 k ，即00 ()()lim ()n x n f x f x k f x x x ?→-'==- 3. 导函数：当x 变化时， ()f x '便是x 的一个函数，我们称它为()f x 的导函数. ()y f x =的导函数有 时也记作 y ',即 ()()()lim x f x x f x f x x ?→+?-'=? 二.导数的计算 基本初等函数的导数公式: 1若()f x c =(c 为常数)，则()0f x '=； 2 若()f x x α=,则1 ()f x x αα-'=; 3 若()sin f x x =,则()cos f x x '= 4 若()cos f x x =,则()sin f x x '=-; 5 若()x f x a =,则()ln x f x a a '= 6 若()x f x e =,则()x f x e '= 7 若 ()log x a f x =,则1()ln f x x a '= 8 若 ()ln f x x =,则1()f x x '= 导数的运算法则 1. [()()]()()f x g x f x g x '''±=± 2. [()()]()()()()f x g x f x g x f x g x '''?=?+? 3. 2 ()()()()()[]()[()] f x f x g x f x g x g x g x ''?-?'= 复合函数求导 ()y f u =和()u g x =,称则y 可以表示成为x 的函数,即(())y f g x =为一个复合函数 (())()y f g x g x '''=? 三.导数在研究函数中的应用 1.函数的单调性与导数: 一般的,函数的单调性与其导数的正负有如下关系： 在某个区间(,)a b 内
Unit 3 Under the sea 同步练习 1. I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I ___________ (目睹) it with my own eyes many times. 2. The advantage of using ___________ (住所) agencies is that you will have access to a large number of apartments. 3. “Help me!” she ___________ (叫喊 ) at the top of her voice. 4. Other killers are stopping the whale ___________ (潜水) or fleeing. 5. Last time they ___________ (力劝) me to eat the strange food. 6. This T-shirt is made of high quality ____________ (纯的) cotton. 7. Isabelle’s body is unable to produce healthy red blood ____________ (细胞). 8. As we set out, I was shocked at how ____________ (狭窄的) the path was. 9. I explored small caves and shelves with my underwater ____________ (手电筒). 1. Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve. (tasks / goals) 2. It was like discovering a whole new dimension of life. (aspect / meaning) 3. He always keeps his desk neat. (tidy / empty) 4. It was a simple but tasty meal. (excellent / delicious) 5. The boy understood the risk of climbing the giant mountain. (high / huge) 6. He tried to leap over the wall but did not succeed. (jump / climb) 1. If a net becomes free-floating, it is moved by the tides all over the ocean. ____________ 2. The storm moved offshore. ____________ 3. She is wearing a vivid red coat. ____________
高二英语第七模块第三单元课文教学案 制作人：审核人：使用时间：编号： —课前预习案—— Put the events in the reading passage into this timeline. (根据课文内容将下列时间排序) 1. The killer whale guided the team to the hunt. 2. The killers ate the lips and tongue of the baleen whale. 3. He heard a loud noise coming from the bay. 4. The men went to the boat and headed out for a whale hunt. 5. Clancy arrived at the whaling station. 6.Clancy and his men killed the baleen whale with the help of the killers. 7. He saw a huge animal in the water, which was Old Tom, the killer whale. 8. The men returned for the baleen whale the next day. 正确顺序为____________________________________________ 主旨大意 1. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A. The fierce killers would attack people when they were hungry. B. The author didn?t believe the killers helped the whalers catch whales at first. C. One of the whalers, George, liked being kept waiting. D. The killers could race whales as well as excited dogs. 2.What is the main idea of the first anecdote? A. About a hunting experience of old Tom. B. About how the killer whales helps the whalers to hunt a whale. C. About how the whalers killed Old Tom. D. About how the killer whales killed the whales. 3. What does the word “it” in the sentence “He let it g o and the harpoon hit the spot” refer to? A. The whale. B. The boat. C. The harpoon. D. The killer. 4. What?s the main idea of the second anecdote? A. Fierce killers, like Old Tom, could protect people. B. James was washed off the boat. C. It was hard to handle the boat in rough sea. D. Old Tom rescued James from other killers. 5. According to the text, the killer whales can protect men from being attacked by____. A. whales B. tigers C. enemies D. sharks
高中数学选修2-2知识点汇总 目录 第一章导数及其应用 (2) 常见的函数导数和积分公式 (2) 常见的导数和定积分运算公式 (3) 用导数求函数单调区间的步骤 (3) 求可导函数f(x)的极值的步骤 (3) 利用导数求函数的最值的步骤 (4) 求曲边梯形的思想和步骤 (4) 定积分的性质 (4) 定积分的取值情况 (4) 第二章推理与证明 (5) 第三章数系的扩充和复数的概念 (7) 常见的运算规律 (8)
高中数学选修2-2知识点总结 第一章 导数及其应用 1．函数的平均变化率为 = ??=??x f x y x x f x x f x x x f x f ?-?+=--)()()()(111212 注1：其中x ?是自变量的改变量，可正，可负，可零。 注2：函数的平均变化率可以看作是物体运动的平均速度。 2、导函数的概念:函数)(x f y =在0x x =处的瞬时变化率是x x f x x f x y x x ?-?+=??→?→?)()(lim lim 0000，则称函数)(x f y =在点0x 处可导，并把这个极限叫做)(x f y =在0x 处的导数，记作)(0'x f 或0|'x x y =，即 )(0'x f =x x f x x f x y x x ?-?+=??→?→?)()(lim lim 0000. 3.函数的平均变化率的几何意义是割线的斜率；函数的导数的几何意义是切线的斜率。 4导数的背景（1）切线的斜率；（2）瞬时速度；（3）边际成本。 常见的函数导数和积分公式
常见的导数和定积分运算公式 若()f x ，()g x 均可导（可积），则有： 用导数求函数单调区间的步骤 ①求函数f (x )的导数'()f x ②令'()f x >0,解不等式，得x 的范围就是递增区间.③令'()f x <0,解不等式，得x 的范围，就是递减区间；[注]：求单调区间之前一定要先看原函数的定义域。 求可导函数f(x)的极值的步骤 (1)确定函数的定义域。(2) 求函数f (x )的导数'()f x (3)求方程'()f x =0的根(4) 用函数的导数为0的 点，顺次将函数的定义区间分成若干小开区间，并列成表格，检查/ ()f x 在方程根左右的值的符号， 如果左正右负，那么f (x )在这个根处取得极大值；如果左负右正，那么f (x )在这个根处取得极小值；如果左右不改变符号，那么f (x )在这个根处无极值
人教新课标英语选修7 Unit2同步精选及答案 Unit Two Robots I．语法填空 Larry Belmont worked____1_____ a company that made robots. Recently it had begun________2______ (experiment) with a household robot. It was going to be _____3_______ (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire. Claire didn’t want the robot in_____4_____ house, especially as her husband would be ____5____ (absence) for three weeks, _____6_____ Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. _____7______, when she first saw the robot, she felt _____8_____(alarm). His name was Tony and he seemed____9_____ (much) like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his ______10_______(face) expression never changed. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.___________ 4.___________ 5.___________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.___________ 9.___________ 10___________ II. 用所给词的词组适当形式填空 1. The moment he got up this morning, someone_________（ring). 2.Tony would have to be rebuilt because you cannot have women _________________(fall) machines. 3. I suggested to him that the new machines ______________(test) before going into production. 4. You shouldn’t have __________(leave)in the mountains, it w as very dangerous for her. 5. He heard a voice but when he_____________(turn), he saw nobody. 6. But for much of his working life, he has ___ （set)his enthusiasm for physics to devote himself to a career in administration. 7. Some members of the House complain that their vote ____(favour) the system could cost them their jobs in November. 8. You _________(bound) be disappointed if you hope to go to college without hard work. 9. My thought on improving the financial condition of the company ________ (similar)the boss’s.
Unit 2 Cloning 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 (限时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts. Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures. What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch (荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans' meetings. In Japan, it is recognised that the best communication is when you don't speak at all. It's already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you're repairing that failure by using words. In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it's hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there's understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London. In contrast, when there's more homogeneity,_perhaps it's easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you're less well acquainted with. A．The Dutch. B．Americans. C．The English. D．The Japanese. 解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，日本人在谈话中沉默时间最长。
人教版高中数学选修2-1 全册导学案
目录 1.1.1命题及其关系 1.1.2四种命题的关系 1.2.1充分条件 1.2.2充要条件 1.3.1逻辑联结词1 1.3.2简单的逻辑联结词2 1.4全称量词与存在量词 2.1.1曲线与方程(1)学案 2.1.2曲线与方程(2)学案 2.2.1椭圆及其标准方程(1)学案 2.2.1椭圆及其标准方程(2)学案 2.2.2椭圆及其简单几何性质(1)学案 2.2.2椭圆及其简单几何性质(2)学案 2.3.1双曲线及其标准方程学案 2.3.2双曲线的简单几何性质(1)学案 2.3.2双曲线的简单几何性质(2)学案 2.4.2抛物线的简单几何性质（1） 2.4.2抛物线的简单几何性质（2） 2.5曲线与与方程学案 第二章圆锥曲线与方程复习学案 3.1.1 空间向量及其加减运算 3.1.2 空间向量的数乘运算 3.1.3 空间向量的数量积运算 3.1.4 空间向量的正交分解及其坐标表示 3.1.5 空间向量运算的坐标表示 3.1 空间向量及其运算 3.2 立体几何中的向量方法一 3.2 立体几何中的向量方法二--利用向量方法求距离 3.2 立体几何中的向量方法三--利用向量方法求角 3.2 立体几何中的向量方法一--平行与垂直关系的向量证法
§1.1.1 命题及四种命题 一．自主学习 预习课本2—6页完成下列问题 1、命题：； 2、真命题：假命题：。 3、命题的数学形式：。 4、四种命题：。 （1）互逆命题：。（2）互否命题：。 （3）互为逆否命题：。 注意：数学上有些命题表面上虽然不是“若p，则q”的形式，但可以将它的表述作适当的改变，写成“若p，则q”的形式，从而得到该命题的条件和结论。 二、自主探究： 〖例1〗判断下列语句中哪些是命题？是真命题还是假命题？ （1）空集是任何集合的子集；（2）若整数a是素数，则a是奇数； （3）2小于或等于2；（4）对数函数是增函数吗？ x<；（6）平面内不相交的两条直线一定平行； （5）215 > （7）明天下雨；（8）312 〖例2〗将下列命题改写成“若p，则q”的形式。 （1）两条直线相交有且只有一个交点；（2）对顶角相等；（3）全等的两个三角形面积也相等；（4）负数的立方是负数。 〖例3〗把下列命题改写成“若p则q”的形式，并写出它们的逆命题、否命题与逆否命题： （1）两直线平行，同位角相等；（2）负数的平方是正数；（3）四边相等的四边形是正方形。 课堂小结
（人教版）高中英语选修7（全册）课时同步练习+单元测试 卷汇总（打印版） 1.1 课时作业 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Traditionally, Chinese people cut ________ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings. 2．—I think I'll stay home and listen to my favorite music. —Suit ________(you). I am leaving with my friends for the wonderful movie. 3．We're all ready to put it into operation; in ________ words, we're going to take action as soon as possible. 4．The football match lasted two hours, which made all the players ________ of breath. 5．As his disease ________(disable) him, Hawking has to sit in his wheelchair and speak through a computer. 6．Grey as well as his two companions ________(be) to leave ________ Paris tomorrow. 7．When you go to a foreign country, you must adapt yourself ________ new manners and customs.