短暂用法（一般用于过去时或完成时，不能接 for +一段时间，可用后面的来表达已经多久了）
1. died—have/has be en dead/ a death
2. bought—have/has had
3. borrowed—have/has kept
4. began—have/has been on
5. opened-have/has been open
6. closed—have/has been closed
7. left…--have/has been away from…
8. came here—have/has
been/stayed/lived here
9. moved to…--have/has lived in..
10. went to…--have/has been in…
11. joined…--have/has been in….
/have/has been a member of…
12. married sb/got married to sb—have/has been married to sb
13. finished –have/has been over
14. made/became friends with
—have/has been friends with
15. began to teach
—have/has taught
16. lose (lost)—haven’t/hasn’t had
17.become (became)—have/has been ******************************* * He went to London in 1990. He is still in London now.
→He has been in London since 1990. * I borrowed the book two weeks ago. →I have kept the book for two weeks/since two weeks ago.
It is two weeks since I borrowed the book.
●He joined the League two years
ago. = It is two years since he
joined the League.
= He has been in the League for two years/ since two years ago.
同义句(用两种方法变)：
1.The film began ten minutes ago. It is …since….
It is ten minutes since the film began. The film has been on for ten minutes/since ten minutes ago.
2.It is three days since he left.
He left three days ago.
He has been away from here for three days/since three days ago.
3.He came here half an hour ago,
and he is still here now.
It is half an hour since he came here. He has been here for half an hour./since half an hour ago.
4.Mary married Tom ten years ago. It is ten years since Mary married Tom.
Mary has been married to Tom for ten years/since ten years ago.
5.I began to teach English fourteen
years ago.
It is fourteen years since I began to
teach English.
I have taught English for fourteen years/since fourteen years ago.
I have been an English teacher for 14 years.
Test in class
1.He moved to Shenzhen two years
ago.
It is two years since he moved to Shenzhen.
He has lived in Shenzhen for two years/since two years ago.
2.My father went to Shanghai last
week.
It is a week since my father went to Shanghai.
My father has been in Shanghai since last week.
3.Mike joined the army three years
ago.
It is three years since Mike joined the army.
Mike has been in the army for three years/since three years ago.
4.It is ten minutes since the film
began.
The film began ten minutes ago. The film has been on for ten minutes/since ten minutes ago.
5.He bought the computer four
weeks ago.
It is four weeks since he bought the computer.
He has had the computer for four weeks/since four weeks ago.
瞬间动词转换成持续性动词 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与一段时间状语连用，须转换成持续性动词。 1.用相应的延续性动词替换的有： buy---have borrow---keep put on----wear catch/get a cold---have a cold come/go/become---be 等。 eg. 1.We have had the TV set for 3years. 2.I have kept the book for 2 weeks. 2.转换成be+名词的有： join the army----be a soldier join the Party----be a Party member go to school----be a student 等。 eg. 1.He has been a soldier for 5 years. 2She has been a student for 2 months. 3.转换成be+adj/adv. die—be dead finish—be over begin---be on leave---be away move----be out of
put on---be on open---be open close---be closed fall asleep------be asleep 等。 eg. He has been dead for 5 years. 4. 转换成be+介词短语 go to school----be in school join the army---be in the army 等。 eg. 1.She has been in the army for 2 years. 2.He has been in school for 9 years. 5.通过去掉短语中的结束性动词 get to know---know begin to study---study come to work----work eg. 1.We have known each other for 10 years. 2.He has study Chinese for 2 years. *瞬间动词完成时的否定式已成为一种可延性状态，因此可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 eg. 1.I haven’t heard from her for 6 months. 2.I haven’t bought anything for 2 months.
现在完成时练习题（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换） 一.单项选择 （）1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in （）2. Mike ___________ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed （）3. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to （）4. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies （）5. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought （）6. --- Is your father a Party member? --- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was （）7. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had （）8. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept （）9. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time? ----Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined （）10. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back （）11. I _____ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had
现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 （1）专题讲解： 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法英语中的动词，是学习中的重点，又是难点。英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫做“延续性动词”，也叫“持续性动词”，如：be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc. 有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词，叫做“终止性动词”，也可叫“短暂性动词”，或“瞬间性动词”，如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc. 终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。 如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stric ken area. 但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stric ken area for three days. 因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start 这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。 在多年的教学生涯中，发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措，下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。 1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语： eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago. 2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句 eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from Americ a. 注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。 3．用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词。 eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years. 4．用延缓性动词代替终止性动词。 eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong) 应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours. 但须注意：终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态。 eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong) I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right) 此外，终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同，很易混淆。下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳：
中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练 中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表 语法讲解： 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以 for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例： He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. When did the train arrive here? B. How long ____ the train ____ here? 2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例： Lucy has come back. The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. = It is two years since he left Beijing. = Two years has passed since he left Beijing. 3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如： She h asn’t bought any new clothes since last year. I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time. 巩固习题： 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 6.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 7.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 8. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 9. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 10. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 11.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 12.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 13.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 14.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 15.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法 英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait，have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。 终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在
完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。 如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area. 但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days. 因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。 1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语： eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago. 2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
1.d ied—have/hasb een dead 2.b ought—have/has had 3.b orrowed—have/has kept 4.b egan—have/has been on 5.o pened-have/has been open 6.c losed —have/has been closed 7.l eft? --have/has been away from? 8.c ame here —have/has been here 9.m oved to? --have/has lived in.. 10.w ent to? --have/has been in? 11.j oined? --have/has been in?. /have/has beena member of? 12.m arried sb/got married to sb—have/has been married to sb 13.f inished –have/has been over
14.m ade/became friends —have/has been friends 15.b egan to teach —have/has taught 16.l ose (lost—) haven'/h t asn't had 17.b ecome (became—) have/has been * He went to London in 1990. He is still in London now. He has been in Londons ince 1990. * I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I have kept the book for two weeks/sincet wo weeks ago. It is two weekss ince I borrowed the book. He joined the League two years ago. = It is two years since he
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; 4. how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达 方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的 状语连用。 如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986. 2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"
持续动词与瞬间动词 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。 持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间，此类动词有do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等. 瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束，此类动词有open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail等 一、持续性动词 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 二、瞬间性动词 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。 以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。 三、用法 1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。） My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。） My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。） 2、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常的方法： （1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如： He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用has left 初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下： 1、go——be away 2、come——be here 3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away（be not here） 5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep 7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on 9、finish——be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated 17、join——be in（…）或be a…member a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。 在完成式中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy, borrow,die,leave,begin,join等）不能与 表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. 女口：He borrowed a book two days ago.（用现在完成式表达） He has kept the book for two days. 他持有这本书两年了。 1、 _______________________________________________________________ 他三年前买了一辆车。 2、 _______________________________________________________________ 他两年前参了军。 答案：1、He has had a car for three years或He has bought a car.或He bought a car three years ago. 2、He has been in the army for two years或He has joined the army. He joined the army two years ago. 切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： His father has died. His father has been dead for three years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 She has joined the Party/League. She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two mon ths.
短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时 短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。例如： His father got ill. I have received his letter. 但是，不可以说：His father got ill for a week. I have received his letter for three days. 在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. I suppose something must have happened to her. 延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如： How long _______ your brother joined the army? A. has B. had C. is it since D. was there that 通过审题，答案B和D很容易被排除，但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long为一段时间的状语，不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用，所以这题的正确答案是C。 另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中： 延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until 请看例句： We waited until he came. I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night. 如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →kee p buy/get →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to → live in finish/end → be over come to → be in sit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed等 如：He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 How long can I keep this book? 这本书我可以借多长时间？
延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。 leave—been away from buy—have borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold close—be closed / not open open —be open fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return--be back marry---be married finish--be over become--be come / go to —be in / at arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / at join + 名词-------be in + 组织/ be a（an）+组织成员get /receive a letter from—have a letter from
一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year. 二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have. －When did you have it? －At seven thirty. 注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如： How many words have you learned by heart? How did you learn them by heart? 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如： He has been a league member for two months. He joined the Youth League two months ago.
瞬间动词与延续性动词 “瞬间动词”又叫终止性动词、点动词，表示动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此在现在完成时的句子中，瞬间动词不能直接与for/since 连用，需要转换成“延续性动词”。常用的请见5BP17表格。 Exercises 一、改错：横线划出错误的部分，并在后面的横线上改正。 1. How long have you begun to study English? ________________________ 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ________________________ 3. The river has become very dirty since last August.___________________ 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. ___________________________ 5. He has gone out for two years. ________________________ 二、选择 （）1. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died （）2. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for （）3. Have you met Mr. Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago （）4. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
Reading Material(D) 延续性动词和短暂性动词例解 A1. I have bought a pen already. A2. I bought a pen two days ago. A3. I have had a new pen for 2 days. A4. I haven’t bought anything for two months. B1. I borrowed a book from the library three days ago. B2. I can keep it two weeks. B3. I have kept it for three days. C1. His great-grandfather has died already. C2. His great-grandfather has been dead for 10 years. C3. His great-grandfather died 10 years ago. D1. He has joined the army aready. D2. He joined the army three years ago. D3. He has been a soldier for three years. =D4. He has been in the army for three years. D5. It is three years since my brother joined the army. D6. It has been three years since my brother joined the army. E1. The film has been on for ten minutes. E2. The film began/started 10 minute ago. E3. It’s five minutes since the film began. E4. It has been five minutes since the film began. F1. He has been away from Beijing for two years. F2. He left Beijing two years ago. F3. It is two years since he left Beijing. F4. Two years has passed since he left Beijing. F5. His sister hasn’t left Beijing since two years ago. G1. I hear he has come back. (√) G2. I hear he has come back for a few days. (×) G3. I hear he has been back for a few days. (√) G4. I haven”t heard from him for two weeks. (√) H1. I have caught a cold for over a week.( ×) H2. I have had a cold for over a week.(√ ) I1. I have lost my watch aready. I2. I lost it a month ago. I3. My watch have been lost for a month. J1. It”s two years since we got to know each other. 我们互相认识已有两年了。 K1. She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up K2. I got up two hours ago. K3. I have been up since two hours ago. L1. The bus arrived at the station ten minutes ago.汽车到站十分钟了。 M1. We finished the work three days ago.我们完成这项工作三天了。 M2. The meeting finished at 10:00 am. M3. The meeting has been over for 2 hours. N1. It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。 N2. We return to Fuzhou yesterday. N3. We have been back to Fuzhou since yesterday. O1. Mr Xi became a teacher in 1989. O2. Mr Xi has been a teacher for 21 years/since 1989. P1. The shop closed two hours ago. P2. The shop has been closed for two hours. Q1. The door opened at 7:00 in the morning. Q2. The door has been open for six hours. R1. I got to sleep two hours ago. R2. I have been asleep since two hours ago. S1. They married in 1990. S2. They have been married since 1990. T1. I put on my glasses three years ago. T2. I have worn my glasses for 3years. U1. Where are your English teacher? He has gone to Beijing. U2. When did he go to Beijing? He went there 3 days ago. U3. How long has he been there? Maybe he has been to Beijing for 3 days. V1. They came here last week. V2. They have been here since last week. V3. He came out two years ago. V4. He has been out for two years. 常见的延续性动词或叫持续性动词：study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等； 常见的瞬间性动词亦称终止性动词：begin, start, finish, go come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, jion, lose, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on, get off等. 2010-5-30 席铸