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动名词复习

动名词复习
动名词复习

不定式和动名词做主语的区别

不定式和动名词做主语的区别 不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语,一般说来, 有下面几点须给予注意: (1)不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为,通常表示一种意愿、目的或者未完成的事情。;而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为通常表示已经知道的事实或者经验。 如: To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。 Riding a bike can make a man smart. 骑单车能使一个人敏捷。 (2)在疑问句中,只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如: Is his speaking reasonable? 她的说话有道理吗? (3)在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如:It is no use doing…/ It is no goo d doing…/ It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhil e doing…如: It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him. 跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。 (4)一般说来,作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致,即:或同时为不定式,或同时为-ing分词。如: Seeing is believing. 眼见为实(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/b910275562.html,)。 但是,在现代英语中,当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时,主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致,即,主语用动名词,而表语用动词不定式。如:Waving your hand is to say “Good-bye”. 挥手就是说“再见”。 Nodding your head is to say “Yes”. 点头就是说“对,是的”。

分词的相关语法

分词的相关语法(Participle) 大家都知道英文的动词(verb)可不像中文那般单纯。比如说“帮助”一词,虽可做动词,也可做名词用;可是就没有时间性。而英文动词的变化可就多了,它可变成名词、形容词、副词等,而且还有所谓“Tenses”(时态)。比如“help”,就有下列各种时态: Simple Present 现在时态-- help, helps Simple Past过去时态-- helped Simple Future将来时态-- shall help, will help ... Present Continuous 现在进行时态-- be helping Present Perfect现在完成时态-- have helped, has helped... Present Perfect Continuous 现在完成进行时态-- have been helped... Past Continuous 过去进行时态-- was helping... Past Perfect过去完成时态-- had helped... Past Perfect Continuous 过去完成进行时态-- had been helping... Future Continuous 将来进行时态-- shall be helping... Future Perfect将来完成时态-- shall have helped... Future Perfect Continuous 将来完成进行时态-- shall have been helping... Present Participle 现在式分词-- helping Past Participle过去式分词-- helped Perfect Participle 完成式分词-- having helped... 呵呵,单单一个动词就就上面那么多的时态变化,英文真伟大!且慢,上面所举的那个help,看来只有下列几种“变形”而已(你知道吗,英文是一种“变形语”哟!汉语则是“分析语”):help,helping,helped 别高兴得太早啦,其实有好多动词它的Past和Perfect时态的拼写法就不太相同,如: write: wrote(Past),written(Perfect) sing: sang(Past),sung(Perfect) 而有些动词则“始终如一”,各种时态(除了各类进行式)都是一样的拼写,如:cut,hit,hurt,let,put,read,shut ... 上面所谈都是一些动词的基础知识(要是详细谈起来又是一大篇呢!)。现在言归正传,我们所要谈的是“分词”。基本上分词分为下列两种(第三种的Perfect Participle拼入Past Participle): 1.现在式分词(Present Participle) 2.过去式分词(Past Participle)

学位英语语法练习题(附答案解析)

语法练习(分词和定语从句) 1. She apologized for _____ the party. A. not her being able to attend B. her not being able to attend C. her being able not to attend D. her being notable to attend 2. I advised _____ , but he turned me a deaf ear. A. him not to smoke again B. him to smoke not again C. him to not smoke again D. not him to smoke again 3. Weighing five hundred pounds, _____. A. the cupboard could not be moved. B. she could not move the cupboard. C. the cupboard was too heavy for one person to move. D. the cupboard was unable to move. 4. Asked about the new play, ____. A. his answer was confident B. he was confidently answered C. he answered confidently D. his answers were confident 5. _____ black clouds covering the sky, he stopped his work and went home. A. To see B. Having been seeing C. Seeing D. having to see 6. _____ , the inhabitants fled. A. The city taken B. The city having been taken C. Having taken the city D. The city being taken 7. _____ , he works very late at nigh. A. Having been choosing director B. Choosing director C. Having chosen director D. Being chosen director 8. Does he have difficulty _____ English? A. to speak B. speak C. speaking D. spoke 9. In winter we go _____ on the hill. A. skiing B. to ski C. ski D. for ski 10. She _____ playing volley-ball very much. A. has B. wants C. lets D. enjoys 11. The reason _____ I can‘t come is that I have to prepare for the coming exam. A. for B. as C. because D. why 12. She studied hard at school when she was young; _____ contributes to her success in her career. A. that B. so that C. so D. which 13. Sound waves travel in the air in much the same way _____ water waves spread on the water. A. as B. that C. where D. in which

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词 Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1.不定式的时态、语态有三种形式:①一般式,如,to write / to be written ;②进行式,如,to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式,如,to have written / to have been written 。 2.基本用法 ①不定式的一般式,表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式,表示不定式的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如: When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③.不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式:①一般式,如,doing / being done;

动词后接不定式与动名词的区别

接不定式和动名词含义不同的动词 1. remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词(有时可用完成式),则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较。如:Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生) I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生) He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生) He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了) 2. try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如: I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。 Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 3. mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事。如: He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。 He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。 This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。 4. stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事,接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如: He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话,房里一点声音也没有了。 He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听,但再也没有听到什么声音。 【注】后接不定式时,不定式不是宾语,而是目的状语。 5. can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事,接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如: He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。 The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。 6. go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事,接动名词表示继续做正在做的事。如: You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。 Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。 【注】也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。

2013届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳

2013届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳 i.形式和性质: 1.过去分词只有一种形式,即v-ed。没有所谓的“一般体”“进行体”与“完成体”之分。过去分词也没有“主动式”与“被动式”之称谓。 2.过去分词一般有以下特征: 2.1 被动性:过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者(receiver), 而不是发出者(doer)。2.2 完成性:与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比,分词的动作往往先已发生。 〖分析〗1. the injured man (=the man who had been injured)was sent to hospital without delay. 2. this is the book borrowed (= which was borrowed) from the school library last week. 3. done in a hurry(because it had been done in a hurry), tom's homework was full of mistakes and errors. 〖例外〗1. 在使役动词后作宾补的过去分词和带有将来时间状语的分词不具完成性。如:i'll have my house enlarged. the car repaired this afternoon belongs to one of my friends. 2. 一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,不具被动性。 an old man was collecting the fallen leaves in the yard. the police were searching for the escaped man. ii. 句法功能 1. 主语 过去分词前加上定冠词可用作主语,表示一个类别的人(事物)。如: the accused have been acquitted. the wounded were left hidden in that village . 这种用法时,谓语一般用复数动词,但在上下文明确时也可能用于指一类中的个别,用单数动词。如: the deceased is his father. the wounded is a policeman. 2. 宾语 过去分词前加上定冠词可用作宾语,也表示一个类别的人(事物)。如: everyone in our society should respect and help the disabled. listen to the voice of the oppressed . 3.表语 the boys were astonished. the door remained locked. they seemed worried. he is wel l known to us all. 4.定语 4.1 前置定语由单个分词充当 the broken glass is still lying on the table. the frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. this sort of people seems not to be able to live in the ch anged wo rld. he only collects used stamps. this phrase is often used in spoken english.

现在分词和动名词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别 如果你只想知道动名词和现在分词如何区分的话我给你一个例子sleeping baby reading room 这 里sleeping是现在分词,因为sleeping=baby is sleeping,sleeping显然是个分词;而reading room 不等同于room is reading,所以reading是动名词 动名词在形式上,和现在分词相同,然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点; 而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如:Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(主语) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(主语) Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。(表语) What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。(表语) My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。(表语) To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。(表语) Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。(宾语) I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语) She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。(介词宾语) My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。(介词宾语) Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语) 由于动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语;可以被副词修饰。例如: My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语) Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。(you是动名词meeting的宾语)I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。(副词fast修饰动名词driving) 动名词还有几种形式: 主动形式

初中英语语法复习:分词的用法(分词作表语)

初中英语语法复习:分词的用法(分词作 表语) 分词作表语 现在分词:表示主动,正在进行 过去分词:表示被动,已经完成 She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。 分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in…,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是sb. /sth. is interesting.如: Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣, 2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创 1 / 2

但是使人疲劳。 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创 2 / 2

现在分词和动名词的区别

现在分词和动名词的区别 动名词和现在分词:都由动词变化而来,仍然具有动词的性质和原义,但不能做动词使用。 两者的区别主要表现在: 1. –ing在句中作定语,它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词 动名词作定语时:说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用“use for +动名词”这个结构代替),它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系; 现在分词作定语时:表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句); 还有一种区别方法是: 如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词; 如果ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。 a sleeping car = a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢(sleeping此处为动名词); a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子(sleeping此处为现在分词) 2. 动名词具有名词的性质: (1)可以和名词一样有冠词或this、some等形容词 A knocking at the door was heard. (2)可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式 He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. He is so busy that I cannot keep track of all his comings and goings. (3)可以带所有格以表明动作者 Please excuse my coming late. 3. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同 “动名词+名词”的重音在“动名词”上(a ‘sleeping suit) “现在分词+名词”的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child) 4. 动名词用法的特殊情况 ①No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 No smoking=Don’t do=Don’t smoke. ②There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to= No one can (or We cannot) There is no telling when lasting peace will come. 谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来 ③Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever He never comes without bringing some present. ④It goes without saying that(…是不用说的)= It is needless to say that It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing. ⑤Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情),动名词之前都由the、所有

英语语法 -ing分词的用法

英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例): 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如: Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式: -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如: Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式: -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如:The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。 注意:在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如: Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词(短语)作主语: Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如: It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中,通常用-ing分词。如: There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

中学英语语法专项复习:分词及动名词专项练习(附答案)

分词 分词作宾语补足语。 1.现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。 在5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。,此外find, catch, keep, have .I heard a girl crying next door. I heard someone knocking at the door. He kept me waiting for a long time. I saw Tom entering the room. I found my key lost. I found the boy beaten black and blue. He made himself understood. John will get his room painted. Exercises1: 1) I heard my name ________________ ( call). 2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) . 3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake. 4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut). 5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday. ExercisesII: 141. She was glad to see her child well __________. A. take care of B. taken care of C. taken care D. taking care of 142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________. A. boiling B. boiled C. from boiling D. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. being spoken 145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help. A. shouting B. shout C. shouted D. having shouted 146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________. A. jumping B. beating C. bumping D. knocking 147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.” A. burning B. is burning C. having burnt D. burn 148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time? A. ran B. to be running C. running D. being running 149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________. A. filling B. having been filled C. filled D. full 150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________. A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters C. to mailed those letters D. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know. A. looked up B. looking in C. to look up D. look at 153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children? A. doing B. to do C. done D. did

动名词和现在分词区别

英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词:在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 例如:They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend. 在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地遇到歧视。 Living in gigs means having one room in someone's house. 寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。 附:动名词用法口诀: 动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。 说明:1、主-----主语2、宾-----宾语3、表------表语4、定------定语5、谓动---谓语动词 形式(一般式,完成式和被动式)(1) 动名词的一般式: doing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。 如:We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us. 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after,on,upon,或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 如:I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式: having done 所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3) 动名词的被动式:being done 当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。 如:I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。

动词不定式、动名词用法和区别

动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别 动词不定式:动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语: To mast a language is not an easy thing. / To teach English is my favorite. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 2. 动词不定式作宾语: 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I like to help others if I can. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。/ Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 4. 动词不定式作表语: What I should do is to finish the task soon. / The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 5. 动词不定式作定语: There are many ways to solve the problem. / I have something important to tell you. 6. 不定式作状语: We went to the hospital to see our teacher. / She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 动词不定式的否定形式:not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。 带疑问词的不定式: 疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet. I don't know when to begin.。 Can you tell me where to get the battery. Do you know how to get to the station. 带逻辑主语的不定式: 动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。 注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式,for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 It's necessary for us to help each other. / There are much work for me to finish, 动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。/ There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。 ●动名词 动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语: Talking like that is not polite. / Learning from others is important . / Putting on more clothes is not so good . (注:动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用it作形式主语,而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。)It's no use waiting here, let's go home. / It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 2) 动名词作表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 3)动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house. / I like reading in the forest. / Do you mind my opening the windows? 4)动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. / He slept in the sleeping bag. (动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词) He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。/ We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。 动名词的被动形式:当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。)His being looked down upon made him sick. / I can't really stand being treated like that.

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