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2014年秋人教版九年级英语第五单元语法知识(一般现在时的被动语态)

第五单元语法知识

一般现在时的被动语态：

在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态与被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态也有多种时态，它的时态变化都体现在be动词上，后面的过去分词不变。被动语态中的谓语动词的执行者可以由by引出，译为：“被，由”，往往放在句末，如不强调动作的执行者时，可以省略。

eg: Many people speak English. (很多人说英语，主动语态）

English is spoken by many people. (英语被很多人说，被动语态）

一、基本句型结构：

1、肯定句：主语+be+ 过去分词

．．．．(+by...).

eg: The table is made of wood.

I am taken care of by my grandmother.

Football is played by most middle school students.

2、否定句：主语+be +not+ 过去分词

．．．．（+by...).

eg: The table isn’t made of wood.

I am not taken care of by my grandmother.

Football isn’t played by most middle school students.

3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词

．．．．（+by...)?

eg: Is the table made of wood? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

Are you taken care of by your grandmother?

Yes, I am. No, I am not. (此处不能缩写）

Is football played by most middle school students?

Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

4、特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+ 主语+过去分词

．．．．（+by...)?

eg: What is the table made of ?

Who are you taken care of by ?

Who is played football by ?

二、主动语态变被动语态的方法：

（1）将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；

（2）将主动语态的谓语改为“be+过去分词”结构；

（3）将主动语态的主语改为由“介词by+宾语”，放在谓语之后，有时可省略。

1）Many people(主语）speak （谓语）Chinese. （宾语）

English (主语）is spoken （谓语）by many people. (宾语）

2）I (主语）wash （谓语）dishes （宾语）every day.（状语）

Dishes (主语）are washed （谓语）by me （宾语）every day. （状语）3）He (主语）takes good care of （谓语）the child.（宾语）

The child (主语）is taken good care of （谓语）by him. （宾语）

4）如果主动语态中有两个宾语（直接宾语与间接宾语），变被动语态时，通常

．．把指“人”的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变。

eg: My teacher (主语）gives （谓语）me (间宾）a lot of books.（直宾）

I (主语）am given （谓语）a lot of books （直宾）by my teacher.（间宾）

当然，如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，也是正确的：

A lot of boks are given to me by my teacher.

牛津英语英语语法一般现在时

牛津英语英语语法(三)一般现在时一. 一般现在时行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称动词均用原形单数第三人称动词变化：多数在动词后加s play—plays like—likes , 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es go—goes wash--washes, 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es fly—flies study--studies 二. 一般现在时动词be和have的变化形式 1.动词Be 叫连系动词, 连系动词be的用法：除了第一人称单数用am，和第三人称单数用is以外，其它人称用are。 I am busy. You are busy. He (She) is busy. We (You, They) are busy. 2.动词have的用法：除了第三人称单数用has以外，其它人称一律用have。如: I have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens. 三. 一般现在时的句型 1.肯定句构成：主语+动词(注意人称变化) +其它成分 Ihave a dog. We like the little cat. She sings well. 2.否定句构成：行为动词的否定句：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分 He dosen’t have a dog.He isn’t young.We don’t like the little cat. (借助于助动词do) She doesn’t sing well. (借助于助动词does) 3.一般疑问句： A.行为动词的一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形+ 其它成分 Do you like i t? Yes, I do. / No. I don’t .Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesn’t. B. 动词BE 的一般疑问句Am / Is /Are +主语+ 其它成分 Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 How many students are there in your school? What do you usually do on Sunday? 四．一般现在时的用法 1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如： every year, sometimes, at 5 o’clock, on Sunday. I get up at six o’clock every day. He gets up at six o’clock every da y. She smokes too much. I telephone to my parents once a week. 2.表达客观真理，科学事实。如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 Three and four makes seven. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. Shenyang lies in the north of China.

初中英语语法：被动语态

初中英语语法：被动语态概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成；助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化；含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .

英语语法：被动语态的用法

英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。

They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done

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(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。例如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。 3. 引导名词性从句的连接词 (1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分 (2)whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。 I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。 (3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语) 连接副词：where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语) The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语) 这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。 Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语) 你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗? 4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点 (1)时态

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十一、一般现在时基本用法介绍般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 every Sunday每个星期天once a week一周一次 every year.每年always总是usually通常often经常 sometimes有时 never决不every day每天 every week 每周every每个, at....在几点钟 . 主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词也要变成第三人称单数谓语动词+s+es 的变化规则（以下单词是碰到主语是第三人称单数它、他、她才加s或es） 1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,like-likes, talk-talks ,swim-swims. want-wants， work-works， know-knows， help-helps，get-gets 2.以s. x. sh. ch. 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses猜, wash-washes洗, watch-watches看, catch-catches接住，miss-misses 思念,pass-passes通过,finish-finishes完成,cross-crosses 穿过fish-fishes钓鱼，teach-teaches教brush-brushes刷. 3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies学习worry-worryies 担心try-tryies尝试,copy-copies模仿. fly-flies放（飞），y前是元音字母的直接加-s :buy-buys买,enjoy-enjoys 享用,play-plays 打（球）玩stay-stays 停留 4.不规则变化have的第三人称单数是-has有do的第三人称单数是-does做go的第三人称单数goes去。一般现在时的构成： 1. be(am,is,are)动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+（名词）其它（不能是其它动词）。 ①I我+am+(名词)其它（不能是其它动词）如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。I am a teacher我是老师 ②第三人称单数+is+(名词)其它. He is a teacher.他是一位老师. Amy is a girl.艾米是一个女孩. ③复数(you你)+are+(名词)其它You are a girl你是一个女孩. They are students他们是学生 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 ①主语是（第一人称(I我）、第二人称(you你)和复数）+行为动词原形

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Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四．被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away. 阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。 He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War. 他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。 The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 3.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。 It is hoped that they will be successful.

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