大学英语语法综合练习
（一）名词练习
1.English is a __B____ word.
A. seven letters
B. seven- letter
C. seven- letters
D .seven- letter’s
2.He hadn’t had __A___before he joined the army.
A. much education
B. many education
C. little education
D. few education
3._B____ was covered with heavy snow.
A.The earth surface
B. The earth’s surface
C. The surface of earth
D. The surface on earth
4. I will need _D___ about the climate before I make a final decision.
A. a few informations
B. a few information
C. a little informations
D. a little information
5.Don’t you think the surroundings___D___ too ugly?
A. is being
B. has been
C. is
D. are
6.The rest of the crew of the ship __A____ going to come back home.
A. are not
B. has not been
C. is not
D. have not been
7.The team___ in ___ opinions.B
A. was divided; its
B. were divided; their
C. have divided; their
D. had been divided; its
8.It was _C____ that the football match had to be postponed.
A. so bad weather
B. such a bad weather
C. such bad weather
D. too bad weather
10.There are_C___ waiting in his office.
A. some Mr Black’s students
B. Mr Black’s some students
C. some students of Mr Black’s
D. some of students of Mr Black’s
11.He is studying __C________.
A. medicines and surgery
B. medicines and surgeries
C. medicine and surgery
D. medicine and surgeries
12.Our school bought_D___ yesterday.
A. many fire equipments
B. many fire equipment
C. many pieces of fire equipments
D. much fire equipment
13.This pair of scissors__C___ sharper than that one.
A. are
B. have been
C. is
D. has been
14.My_C___ are on good terms.
A. sister-in-laws
B. sisters-in-laws
C. sisters-in-law
D. sister-in-law
15. It is __A___ as the one we did last month.
A. as dangerous a job
B. as a dangerous job
C. so dangerous a job
D. such dangerous a job
(二)代词练习
1.Is your car more expensive than_D____?
A.my one
B.her
C.mine one
D.the one beside it
2.I need some carbon paper(复写纸)badly, but there is __A___ at hand.
A.none
B.no one
C.nothing
D.not anything
3.It is __B____ of your business.
A.nothing
B.none
C.not anything
D.no thing
4.The Jones family couldn’t agree on where to spend_B___vacation.
A.its
B.their
C.his
D.her
5.They have kept___C___ of our letters.
A.everyone
B. no one
C.every one
D.any one
6.__D____ are clever.
A.Both them
B.The both two boys
C.Both of boys
D.Both of the two boys
7.In spring farmers are busy: some are ploughing, __C___ seeding.
A. the others
B. some others
C. others
D. the other
8.The air in a city is ususlly much dirtier than_B___ in the countryside.
A.the one
B.that
C.those
D.the ones
9.He is _C____ of an artist.
A. anybody
B. anyone
C. something
D. somebody
10.No one believed that the accident had happened_A___.
A. of itself
B. on itself
C. in itself
D. for itself
11. “ Bob wants to sell you his old car. ”
“ I know. He’s already suggested__D____. ”
A. me that
B. to me about that
C. me to do that
D. that to me
12.I can’t go. For one thing I have seen the film; for_C___ I have an important meeting to attend tonight.
A. other
B. the other
C. another
D. the second
13.Making a suggestion is one thing while putting it into practice is quite__B_____.
A. the other
B. another
C. the other thing
D. the different
14. Frank is not quite _C_____.
A. his own
B. him
C. himself
D. of his own
15. _C_____ is what I mean: You should have rewritten that paragraph.
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. As
16. The workers produced more steel, and all of fine quality___D_____.
A.at it
B.at this
C.for that
D.at that
17. He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good student for_A____.
A.all that
B.all those
C.all this
D all these
18.___B___ friends usually speak highly of him.
A. His some
B. His many
C. Many his
D. Some his
19.Since his father is an accountant, he is going to major in _B_____.
A. it
B. accounting
C. counting
D. that
20. I promise _B___ a fruitful discussion with you.
A. to myself
B. myself
C. by myself
D. of myself
（三）冠词的练习
In each case,put the article to show which one ( a, an, the, / ) would most suitably complete the sentence
1.Please bring me__a___ black coffee.
2.The Browns go to __/___ church every Sunday morning.
3.The servants are paid by_the____hour.
4.Children are curious by __/____ nature.
5.This kind of skirt was quite in fashion in __the__ fifties.
6.She is shopping at _the___butcher’s.
7._/___ policeman as he is, he has no right to do such things.
8.He has turned __/___ English teacher after learning at a teachers college for 3 years
9.Physics is _a__ science.
10.The foreign guests went to visit the school in _a__ car.
11.He lives in _/___ sight of the school.
12.We are ready to start at _/__ short notice.
13.Be concise and to __the___ point.
14.The criminals ran along the street and set the cars on _/__ fire.
15.Gun in _/__ hand, the hunter was approaching the beast very quietly.
16._the_____ United Nations was founded in 1945.
17.As_/__ mayor of the city, it is my privilege to welcome you.
18._the__ English often drink beer in pubs.
19.The enemy was shot in _the__ head.
20.Is the foreign teacher _a__ European?
21. He is in __the____ habit of drinking some tea after dinner.
22.He studied hard with _a___ view to serving the people better in future.
23.Most of the goods here are sold at_a___ discount.
24.As _a__ rule, we get up at about six o’clock.
25.We managed to wipe out all his troops on _the___ spot.
26.She was on _the___ point of going away when Betty came in.
27.All of _a__ sudden, they burst into tears.
28.Suger is sold by __the___ kilogram.
29.Is the bookstore on _/__ Nanjing Road?
30.___the____Wilsons often dine with us.
(四)形容词和副词的练习）
1.Besides being expensive, the food in the dining room tastes __D_____
A. badly
B. too badly
C. much bad
D.bad
2.He made sure it was safe before he went__A___.
A.near
B.nearly
C.more nearly
D.a little near
3.The little man was _D__ one metre fifty high.
A. nearly more than
B. just as much as
C. almost more than
D. hardly more than
4.If the taxi arrives_C___ we shall miss our flight.
A. lately
B. of late
C. late
D.more later
5.If you have a motorcycle, you are_D___ trains and buses.
A. isolated from
B. separated from
C. independent on
D. independent of
6.He thinks very __B___ of me.
A. high
B.highly
C. height
D.a little high
7.The snowball hit __A___ the rose.
A. me right on
B. right me on
C. me rightly on
D. rightly me on
8.He stopped_B____ in the middle of his story.
A shortly B.short
C.in a short way
D. with short
9.He opened the door_D__ to let in some fresh air.
A. widely
B. in a wide way
C. broadly
D. wide
10.Having walked such a long distance, he felt __A____ tired.
A.pretty
B. too much
C. nearly
D. prettily
11.Isn’t the little girl dressed_B____?
A.pretty
B. prettily
C.fairly
D.fine
12.You can eat __D____ in my restaurant whenever you like.
A.freely
B. without money
C.with no charge
D. free
13.She was__C___ in the crash.
A. deadly injured
B. deadly hurt
C. fatally injured
D. fatally hurt
14.My friends are __C___ .
A. most teachers
B. most of teachers
C. mostly teachers
D. teachers mostly
15.This broadcast comes to you __A__ from the stadium.
A.live
B. lively
C.alive
D. living
16.The two sisters look exactly__A__; it’s hard to tell one from the other.
A. alike
B.likely
C. the same
D. like
17.An enemy officer was caught__A__
A. alive
B.living
C. lively
D.live
18.I am not going to the football game because the tickets are _B_____ expensive .
A. very much
B. far too
C. so much
D. highly
19.Since she has lived in France for such a long time, she can speak__C_____.
A.fluently France
B. French fluent
C. fluent French
D. French with fluent
20.We’ll get___B___by train if we leave tonight.
A.fast enough there
B. there fast enough
C. there enough fast
D. enough fast there
21.Would you be __D__ do it for me, please?
A.kind enough
B. as kind as to
C.so kind to
D. so kind as to
22.He came to work at the University thirty years__A___ today.
A.ago
B. before
C.since
D.from
23.No one imagined that the apparently_A___ businessman was really a criminal.
A. respectable
B. respectful
C. respective
D. relevant
24.She is so_D__ that she cried for days when her pet rabbit died.
A.sensible
B.sensational
C.impressive
D.sensitive
25.----“Do you think that the suggestion will be accepted?”
----“Oh, yes. It’s__B___ that it will.”
A.almost surely
B. very likely
C.near positive
D. quite certainly
26. ---“I had to pay ten dollars for this vase.”
---“It’s probably_B____.”
A.worth
B. worth it
C.worth to
D. worth of it
27.Spending the money, he felt_B____.
A.as a wealthy man
B. like a wealthy man
C. as a man of wealthy
D.as if being a wealthy man
28. .----“when can we come to visit you?”
----“Any time you feel__C____.”
A.so
B. for it
C.like it
D. to
29.The sky looks _D_____.
A.like to rain
B. like raining
C.as if raining
D. like rain
30.Don’t be too __A__ him; he is a dishonest man.
A.familiar with
B. familiar to
C.loyal with
D.close with
31.We’ll take our holiday__B__ in August, I think.
A.some time
B. sometime
C.sometimes
D. some times
32.She wished she had stood__C___.
A. firmly
B. in frimness
C. firm
D. with frimness
33. Some children will run_D___ if they are not properly taught.
A.wildly
B.with wildness
C.in wild
D. wild
34.He buys _D___ he can afford.
A.as expensive clothes as
B. as clothes expensive as
C. expensive clothes as
D. clothes as expensive as
35.He knows little of mathematics , _C__ of chemistry.
A. as well as
B. no less than
C. and still less
D. and still more
（五）反意疑问句的练习
1. Let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, __C____?
A. do we
B. don’t we
C. shall we
D. will we?
2. Have a cup of tea, ___A_____?
A. will you
B. would you
C. won’t you
D. don’t you
3.Give me that book, _B____?
A. can’t you
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. shan’t you
4.We never dared to ask him a question, A___?
A. did we
B. didn’t we
C. dared we
D. daredn’t we
5.I suppose you are not serious, C_____?
A. don’t I
B. do I
C. are you
D. aren’t you
6. I am very keen on sports, _C___?
A. don’t I
B. amn’t I
C. aren’t I
D. do I
7. You think you’re funny, _D___?
A. don’t you
B. are you
C. would you
D. aren’t you
8. Anyone can do that,__A___?
A. can’t they
B. can’t he
C. don’t they
D. can he
9. What a pleasant day, _B_____?
A. is it
B. isn’t it
C. won’t it
D. doesn’t it
10. I wish to use your bike, __C___?
A. have I
B. would I
C. may I
D. can I
11.You have to go to the dentist’s , __A___?
A. don’t you
B. do you
C. haven’t you
D. couldn’t you
12. You could have won the prize,_D____?
A. can’t you
B. hadn’t you
C. haven’t you
D. couldn’t you
13.You have your hair cut every month,__B____?
A. haven’t you
B. don’t you
C. won’t you
D. will you
14.He must be very tired, _B___?
A. mustn’t he
B. isn’t he
C. wasn’t he
D. must he
15.You must have seen the play last week,_C___?
A. mustn’t you
B. haven’t you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
16.I don’t think he will come on time,___C____?
A. do I
B. doesn’t he
C. will he
D. won’t he
17.Few students are interested in this novel,___A_____?
A. are they
B. don’t they
C. won’t they
D. will they
18.You must go home right now,__C___?
A. mustn’t you
B. don’t you
C. needn’t you
D. won’t you
19. You have a new bicycle,___A____?
A. don’t you
B. have you
C. do you
D. will you
20.We ought to go there , __A___?
A. oughtn’t we
B. should we
C. don’t we
D. do we
(六)非谓语动词的练习
1.He claimed__B___ at yesterday’s party.
having been badly treated
to have been badly treated
being badly treated badly
to be treated badly
2.__C___, the ship’s capitin changed course.
A. To be warned
B. To have been warned
C. Having been warned
D. Being warned
3.Spring__C___,we may look forward to better
weather.
A. has come
B. comes
C. having come
D.to be coming
4.The soldier was accused of _B___ his country.
A. betraying
B. having betrayed
C. being betrayed
D. having been betrayed
5.There is no knowing whether we could reach
them or not.They seem_A__ since last Friday.
A. to have disappeared
B. to disappear
C. to be disappearing
D. having disappeared
6.She cried for her _A___ lover.
A.departed
B. being departed
C. departeing
D. having departed
7._D____ in an important examination, one of the
students in his class lost interest in his work.
A.Failing
B.Failed
C.Having been failed
D. Having failed
8.He has a ___ and an ____ mind.B
A.seen; understand
B. seeing; understanding
C.seen; understanding
D. seeing understood;
9._C___that bad weather was on the way, the climbers decided to postpone their attemp until the following week.
A. Telling
B. Having told
C. Having been told
D. To have been told
10._A___ the crowds, I was impressed by the similarity between the two girls.
A. Watching
B. Watched
C. To be watching
D. To watch
11.After ten years of the __A__ of the portrait the mystery has been solved.
A.missing
B.missed
C.losing
D.having missed
12.The visiting scholar is accustomed_B___ Western food.
A. to have eaten
B. to eating
C. for eating
D. to be eating
13.The Prime Minister said he was looking forward to_D___ the Chinese leaders.
A. meet
B. be meeting
C. having met
D. meeting
14.The rivet contracts as it cools, thereby _D____ the plates together.
A. having drawn
B. having been drawing
C. drawn
D. drawing
15._C____ a large group, your tone should be clear and loud.
A. When addressing
B. While addressing
C. When you address
D. Upon addressing
16.It’s no use our_A___ any longer. He may come by any train. He is used to finding his way around.
A. waiting
B. hacing waited
C. to wait
D. to have waited
17.The heroic fighter would rather die with his head high than __B_____
小学五年级英语必须掌握的一些英语语法知识 一、时态 1、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：often （经常）,usually （通常）,always （总是）, sometimes （有时），every week （day, year, month ...）, on Sundays,… 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am / is / are + not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为 动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问， 如主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时，还原行为动词。 2、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, look, listen, … 基本结构：am/is/are ＋doing 否定形式：am/is/are ＋not＋doing 一般疑问句：把be 动词放在句首
第三人称单数 一般现在时的肯定句中，主语为第三人称单数的动词变化主 要体现在词尾的变化上，其规律大体有三点： 1. 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾+s，例如：get —gets; take — takes 2. 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词，在词尾+ es,例如：teach —teaches; wash —washes; go —goes 3. 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，变y为i，再+ es, 如: study —studies; try —tries 除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点： 1. 动词have，遇到主语是第三人称单数时，要用has;动 词be 的第三人称单数形式是is。 2. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesn't + 动词原形,如： He goes to school at six in the morning. （变否定句）—He doesn't go to school at six in the morning. 3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时, 要用助动词does,如： She goes home at five every day. （对划线部分提问）—When /
大学英语语法系列讲座 情态动词 中国地质大学（武汉）外语系许峰 情态动词(Modal V erbs)又称为情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)。英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have，do，be等；二是情态助动词，如may，must，need等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气，可表达建议、要求、可能、意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语考试中，情态动词部分主要重点测试以下内容：情态动词+动词完成式。 情态动词must, should, may(might),ought to, can(could),need, would等都可以与动词完成式连用作谓语，其模式为“modal verb+ have+ v-ed”。这类结构表示对过去所发生动作的推测或判断。但是，不同的情态动词所表示的意思又有所不同。 1.must+have+v-ed和can't/couldn't +have+ v-ed “must+ have+ v-ed”表示对过去事情较有把握的、肯定性的推测，常译为“一定”，“准是”，“肯定”。当must用于推测意义时，其否定形式通常不是must not，而是can/could not。“can't/couldn't + have+ v-ed”表示对过去事情的否定性推测，常译为“决不可能”，“不太可能”。 例1：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have raine d last night.既然水沟里积满了水，可见昨天夜里一定是下过雨了。 例2：—You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don't you? —No, officer, I couldn't have been. This car can't do more than 80. ——“你刚开车的速度为每小时100英里，不知道吗?” ——“不，警官先生，我不可能开那么快，因为这辆车每小时的速度不可能超过80英里。” 经典考点1：Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class; She have studied very hard.(CET-4，1989年6月) A)may B)should C)must D)ought to 巧解 本题应选C。must have v-ed表示推测过去某事一定发生了；may/might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事也许发生了；should/ought to have v-ed表示“本应该…”，表达的是对过去所发生的事情的一种责备、埋怨、反悔的情绪。C项符合题意。本题句意是：玛丽的考试分数是班上最高的；她一定学习非常用功。 经典考点2：You her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.(CET-4，1996年1月) A)needn't have seen B)must have seen C)might have seen D)can't have seen 巧解 本题应选D。can't have v-ed表示对过去发生事情的否定推测；D项符题意。needn't+ have v-ed表示过去做了本不必做的事。本题句意是：上星期你不可能在她办公室见到她，她去外地已经两个星期了。 经典考点3：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.(考研，1991年)
人学英语语法专项练习题及答案 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three mon ths. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. rm awfully sorry, but I had no alter native. I simply what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D . had just had 4. Ever si nee the family moved to the suburbs last year, they better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjo yed C. have bee n enjoying D. are enjo ying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I my old house yet, so at the mome nt I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D . do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I A. finish what I did B. fin is hed what I did C. would finish what I was doi ng D. fini shed wha t I was doi ng 7. He whe n the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt h imself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurti n g himself 8. I suppose that when 1 come back in ten years' time all those o ld houses dow n. A. will have bee n pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulli ng D. will b e pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbi ng up B. while we were climb ing up
大学英语语法专项练习题 大学英语语法专项练习题 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three months. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _____ what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We ________our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 4. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they________ better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I ______my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D. do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ________. A. finish what I did B. finished what I did C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing 7. He _________when the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt himself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurting himself 8. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all those old houses _______down. A. will have been pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulling D. will be pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt ________the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbing up B. while we were climbing up C. while we climbed up D. while he climbed up 10. Pick me up at 8 o'clock. I _______ my bath by then. A. may have B. will be having C. can have had D. will have had 11. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people________. A. will object B. objected C. must object D. have objected 12. By the end of this month, we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem A. have found B. will be finding C. are finding D. will have found 13. We __________to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hope B. hope C. had hoped D. should hope 14. The gray building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts______ A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced 15. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television __________the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced 16. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________by
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
第二十四讲 否定 英语中的否定结构形式多样, 有部分否定、全部否定、几乎否定、双重否定等。在译成 汉语时, 有时要将否定结构译成肯定含义, 有时又要将肯定结构译成否定含义; 有时在英语中否定主语, 可是译成汉语时就转换成否定谓语。诸如此类的现象很多, 值得探讨。 一、常用否定表示法 1. 部分否定 代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always , often 等与not 搭 配使用时, 表示部分否定, 意为“并非都是, 不是每个都是”等。例如: Both of them are not my brothers . 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。 这一句是部分否定, 不可译成“他们两个都不是我的兄弟”。如要表达这个意思, 要说: Neither of them is my brother . All is not gold that glitters . = Not all is gold that glitters . 发光的并非都是黄金。 Every man can not do it . = Not every man can do it . 不是每个人都能做这件事。 I do not remember all these formulas . 这些公式我并非全都记得。 This kind of tree is not found everywhere . 这种树并非哪里都能找到。 Everyone can not answer this question . 并非每个人都能回答这个问题。 The rich are not always happy . 富人未必总是幸福的。 Every couple is not a pair . 成对成双多, 珠联璧合少。( = Not every couple is a pair . ) Not all her work is successful . 并非她所有的工作都是成功的。 Not every child wants to become a film star . 并非所有的孩子都想成为电影明星。 Every man cannot be a writer . 并非每个人都可成为作家。 She is not always excited . 她并非总是兴奋。 I don..t altogether agree with you . 我并不完全同意你。 He is not absolutely wrong . 他并不完全错。 I don..t wholly believe it . 我并不完全相信它。 She is not entirely mistaken . 她并没有完全弄错。 Note: 汉语有句成语:“明修栈道, 暗度陈仓”, 指的是一种虚虚实实、声东击西、使人莫辨真 相的战术, 表现了虚指与实指、形式与实质的不同。说来也巧, 英语语言中的否定结 构也往往具有这种形与实不符的现象, 形式上否定的是A, 但实际意义上否定的却 是B, 等等。这种否定的虚实移位, 往往造成歧义, 须细加辨别。 ①否定主语, 但否定词not 在形式上往往否定谓语, 也就是上文所说的“部分否定”。 全称代词all , both 等作否定句主语时, 都可能产生否定移位, 形式上否定全体, 但 实际上否定部分, 参阅上文。再如: Everybody can not enjoy the music . ( = Not everybody can enjoy the music . )并非 每个人都能欣赏这首曲子。
大学英语语法专项练习题 一、时态 1. By the end of April Peter here for three months. A. will have stayed B. will stay C. stays D. has stayed 2. I'm awfully sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _____ what I did. A. ought to have done B. have to do C. had to do D. must do 3. We ________our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 4. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they________ better health. A. could have enjoyed B. had enjoyed C. have been enjoying D. are enjoying 5. I bought a new house last year, but I ______my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A. did not sell B. have not sold C. had not sold D. do not sell 6. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ________. A. finish what I did B. finished what I did C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing 7. He _________when the bus came to a sudden stop. A. was almost hurt B. was hurt himself C. was to hurt himself D. was hurting himself 8. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all those old houses _______down. A. will have been pulled B. will have pulled C. will be pulling D. will be pulled 9. Bob's leg got hurt ________the Purple Mountains. A. while he is climbing up B. while we were climbing up C. while we climbed up D. while he climbed up 10. Pick me up at 8 o'clock. I _______ my bath by then. A. may have B. will be having C. can have had D. will have had 11. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people________. A. will object B. objected C. must object D. have objected 12. By the end of this month, we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem A. have found B. will be finding C. are finding D. will have found 13. We __________to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hope B. hope C. had hoped D. should hope 14. The gray building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts______ A. are producing B. are produced C. produced D. being produced 15. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television __________the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced 16. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been rising 17. Until then, his family___________ from him for six months. A. didn't hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard
英语语法 语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
中考英语语法填空知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. If I ask you" What is the most important in your life? ", maybe you will say" Computers and the Internet". The________（one）computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it worked________（slow）. Today computers are getting smaller and smaller. But________work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, "People can't live________computers today." The Internet came a little later than computers. It is about twenty-three years later than computers. But now it can________（find） almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do________（shop）, play games or make friends. Many students like the Internet very much. They often surf the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don't know their real________（name）, ages, and even sex（性别）. They are so________（interest） in making the "unreal friends" that they can't put their hearts into study. Many of them can't catch up with others on many subjects________of that. We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at________same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.【答案】first；slowly；they；without；be found；shopping；names；interested；because；the 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了电脑的发明时间，以及电脑的用途。还有电脑对我们生活的影响。 （1）句意：第一台电脑是在1946年制造的。根据定冠词the，可知应使用序数词first，故答案是first。 （2）句意：它很大，但是工作得很慢。slow修饰动词worked，应使用副词slowly，故答案是slowly。 （3）句意：但是他们工作的越来越快了。空缺处指代前文的computers，因此使用they，故答案是they。 （4）句意：现在没有了电脑人们不能生活。因为电脑在我们日常生活中越来越重要。所以没有电脑就不能生活，没有without，故答案是without。 （5）句意：但是现在到处都可以发它。主语it 和find是被动关系，应使用被动语态，含有情态动词的被动语态是：情态动词+be+过去分词，故答案是be found。 （6）句意：我们可以用电脑读书、写信和购物，购物do shopping，固定搭配，故答案是shopping。 （7）句意：他们不知道他们真正的名字。name名字，可数名词，根据their可知应使用复数形式，故答案是names。 （8）句意：他们对于结交不真实的朋友那么感兴趣，以致于不能把心思用在学习上。be interested in，对……感兴趣，故答案是interested。 （9）句意：因为这个原因，他们中的许多人在许多课程山上跟不上其他学生。because of
第二十五讲 句式与修辞 在英语语言的实际运用中, 不宜总是用“主—谓—表”、“主—谓—宾”等简单句结构。 简单句容量小, 有局限性, 用多了会使句型呆板、单调, 千句一面, 文章乏味, 没有可读性, 因 而也就不能较好地表达思想。要使语言新鲜、生动、富有吸引力, 不断地变换句子结构、句型及表达方式, 是非常必要的, 也是可能的。比如, 同一思想往往可以用简单句、复合句或并列句表达, 可用分词短语表达, 也可用介词短语表达; 可用主动语态表达, 也可用被动语态表达; 可用肯定形式表达, 也可用否定形式表达; 可用直陈语气表达, 也可用虚拟语气表达, 等等。另外, 从修辞学的角度讲, 英语句子有松散句( loose sentence )、尾重句( periodic sentence)和平衡句(balanced sentence )之分。在松散句中, 主要信息或实质部分先出现, 后跟修饰语或补充性细节; 在尾重句中, 主要信息或实质部分出现在句尾或句子后半部分; 在平行句中, 信息同等重要, 句式结构相同, 并驾齐驱, 相互独立。同时, 行文时, 还可使用某些修辞手法, 如明喻、暗喻、夸张、拟人等, 从而更加形象地描写事物, 更加生动地说明事理。 英语句式变化多样, 修辞手法丰富多彩, 我们完全可以根据思想表达的需要, 利用各种 词句表现手法, 安排句子的各种成分, 以达到理想的表达效果。下面对英语的典型句式和 修辞进行综合考察, 通过转换对比, 揭示出英语行文造句的灵活性和多样性。 一、统一性 1 . 从属关系准则 在一个句子中(指复合句) , 如果要表达的是两个或两个以上的思想, 而这些思想同等重 要, 互不依附, 处于并列的地位, 那就要把它们当作并列句处理, 用并列连词( and, but , or 等)连接起来。例如: His father is a professor and his mother is a musician . 他父亲是一位教授, 母亲是一位 音乐家。 We love peace, but we are not afraid of war . 我们热爱和平, 但是我们并不怕战争。 .. 但是, 如果句子中所表达的两个或两个以上的思想不是同等重要的, 而是一个为主要思想, 其余的为次要的、附属性的思想(用以说明或限定主要思想) , 那就不能把它们当成并 列句处理, 而要用主从复合句或别的结构来处理。主从复合句只能用从属连词( when , where, so, because 等)连接, 不能用并列连词连接。 1)第一原则: 勿将句子中主要思想和次要思想的位置颠倒 The snow stopped when the old man died . (不妥) The old man died when the snow stopped . (正)雪停的时候, 老人去世了。 The waiters were serving coffee when the ship struck the rock and sank . (不妥) When the waiters were serving coffee, the ship struck the rock and sank . (正)服务 员上咖啡的时候, 船触礁下沉了。 2)第二原则: 勿在主从复合句中插入并列连词 He came out first in the football match , and which delighted us . (误) He came out first in the football match , which delighted us . (正)他在足球赛中获得 第一名, 这使我们都很高兴。 I have two brothers, but who are younger than I . (误) I have two brothers, who are younger than I . (正)我有两个兄弟, 年龄都比我小。
1. If the earth suddenly ________spinning, we would all fly off it. A. stopped B. had stopped C. has stopped D. would stop 2. “How should the city be run?” “If I ________a mayor, I would make the streets cleaner and hire more policemen.” A. would B. were C. would be D. should 3. If the whole operation _________ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were not planned 4. Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she________ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often. A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got 5. It is recommended that the project________ until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started 6. Who would you rather his daughter ________ in the same office? A. going B. to go C. have gone D. went 7. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. A. be B. being C. were D. are 8. My pain ________ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically：“ Are you feeling all right?” A. must be B. had been C. must have been D. had to be 9. Mary ________ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. couldn’t have received B. ought to have received C. has received D. shouldn’t have received 10. You needn’t have come over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we_______ so formally. A. needn’t dress up B. did not need have dressed up C. did not need dress up D. needn’t have dressed up 11. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ________ during the day. A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done 12. Some women ________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made 13. He ________ another career but, at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school. A. might have chosen B. might choose C. had to choose D. must have chosen