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英语单项选择题的命题特点及解题技巧

英语单项选择题的命题特点及解题技巧
英语单项选择题的命题特点及解题技巧

英语单项选择题的命题特点及解题技巧

单项选择题是英语中考测试的必考题型之一,在试卷中通常占15 —20 分。若想取得理想成绩,除了要了解其命题特点,还得熟练掌握其解题技巧。

一、试题设计特点

单项选择题容量大、考查范围广,内容涉及名词、代词、形容词和副词、数词、介词、动词、连词、时态和语态、主从复合句,非限定从句、并列句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句以及交际用语等诸多方面。纵观近几年各地的中考试题,可以清楚地发现,单项选择题一改过去只考查语法项目的传统,现在它的考查范围和命题方法有了明显的改变。总的说来,有以下一些特点:

1. 许多题目多重视语境的创设。考生答题时必须注意语境,进行合理的推断。如:

( 1 )Let’s enjoy the song Yesterday Once More.It sounds ________.

A. well

B. sadly

C. nice

D. bad

答案为 C .“让我们一起欣赏Yesterday Once More ”这首歌,这句话为后一句提供了“听起来优美”的依据。

( 2 )Your school things are here and there.Will you please _________?

A. throw them away

B. put them away

C. throw about them

D. put away them

答案为 B .根据上句“ Your school things are here and there.你的学习用品到处都是”,便可推知下句的意思是“请你把它们放好”,再根据动词与副词构成的词组(宾语为代词,则位于中间),可知答案为 B .

2. 在情景对话中考查语言知识。现在许多单项选择题都是对话形式,使得试题更贴近生活。如:

——Do you prefer milk or orange juice?

——I don’t like _______. I usually drink coffee.

A. other

B. another

C. neither

D. either

答案为 D .这里根据下文“我通常喝咖啡”,可以推断出“我既不喜欢牛奶也不喜欢橘子汁”,故选 D .

3. 题目命题注重干扰项的设计。考查学生综合运用语言的能力。如:

The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen,but the students of Class Two have n’t decided ________ .

A. what to buy

B. how to go

C. where to go

D. which to choose

答案为 C .此题A 、B 、 C 、D 四个选项均没有语法错误,但根据上文“一班学生已决定在深圳度过寒假”,说明“二班还没有决定度假的地点”,故选 C .

4. 题目的综合性增强。同时考查两个知识点,或是将其它学科知识同时考查进去。如:

——What number should appear next after eight-one ?

——It’s ________.

3 9 27 81 ?

A. two hundred and forty-nine

B. two hundred and forty-one

C. two hundred and forty-eight

D. two hundred and forty-three

答案为 D .根据 3 9 27 81 出现的特点,找出规律是:31 、33 、333 、3333 ,所以81 后应该是243 .[1][2]

二、解题技巧与方法

1. 直接法

根据语感立即确定答案。有些单选题,简单易懂,仅仅考查语言点,考生往往凭已掌握的知识和语感能够直接选定正确答案。如:

We often have sports after class,and I like to play ______ basketball.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. 不填

本题考查冠词的用法,根据词组“ play basketball ”,中间无冠词,直接选答案 D .

2. 关键词法

许多题目都有一些关键词,它们对于快速而准确地判断出答案起着至关重要的作用。找到句中的关键词,也就找到了解题的突破口。如:

——Is Wei Fang good at singing?

——Yes , she is.We often hear her ________ in the next room.

A. to sing

B. sings

C. sing

D. singing

此题根据感官动词hear 的用法,先排除 A 、B 两个选项,再根据关键词often ,说明经常听见她在隔壁房间里唱歌,即用hear sb. do sth. ,故选C .

3. 排除法

在对四个选项难以确定的情况下,考生可以采取逐个排除法,把没有被排除的答案定为正确答案。如:

——How long have you ______ the book?

——For a week.

A. borrowed

B. kept

C. lent

D. bought

Borrow,lend ,keep 都有“借”的意思,borrow 和lend 为非延续性动词,不可接时间段,故 A 、C 项排除;buy 是“买”的意思,也是非延续性动词,不合题意,D 项也排除,故正确答案为B .

4. 比较法

有些单选题不能很快确定答案,必须对其时态、语态及同义词等方面进行比较,最后选出答案。如:

——Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday ?

——If I don’t go, ________ .

A. so does he

B. so he will

C. neither will he

D. neither does he

此题根据上文“ If I don’t go ”的否定形式,确定引导词应该是neither ,选排除A 、 B 项,再根据主句用一般将来词,if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示,比较 C 、D 两个选项,正确答案应为C .

5. 逻辑推理法

有些题目的选项,从语法上判断答案不只一个,这时可以通过逻辑推理的方法得出正确答案。如:There are ______ people in the street because it is very late .

A. a few

B. few

C. a little

D. little

a little 和little 都不能修饰people ,所以只剩下A 、 B 项了。a few 和few 都可修饰people ,此题的意思是:“因为时间晚了,所以街上几乎没有人。”若选A ,不合逻辑,所以,只有B 是正确的。

6. 固定搭配判断法

有的单选题应根据固定搭配和习惯用语选出正确答案。如:

Swimming is good for our health,but _______ the same time we mustn’t forget the danger.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. for

答案为 B.at the same time “在同时”是固定词组。

7. 综合法

有的单选题涉及到数学、理化、地理、天文、生活习俗等方面的知识。解答此类单选题时宜采用综合法,注意语言知识的连贯性和各种知识的综合性。如:

If H 2 burns (燃烧)in O 2 ,we can get _______ .

A. H 2

B. H 2 O

C. O 2

D. H 2 O 2

根据化学知识,氢气在氧气中燃烧,我们能得到水,故答案为 B .

总之,做单项选择题时要采用适当的方法,吃透题干的意义,然后有针对性地琢磨关键的词语和句子,进行深刻理解,准确判断。结合平时学习的惯用法、句型、交际用语等,善于利用排除法,有针对性地筛选、分析、推断出正确答案。如此就一定能取得理想的成绩。

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