情态动词用于推测的情况，指对某事情的发生与否进行推测，后面接不同的内容表示对不同的时态所发生的事情与否进行推测。
1.情态动词+动词原形对应于一般现在时，表示对经常发生的，有规律的事情的推测
2.情态动词+be+v-ing 对应于现在进行时，表示对正在发生的事情的推测
3.情态动词+have+v-ed 对应于现在完成时及一般过去时，表示对过去的或已经完成的事情的推测
对某事情的发生与否进行推测常用的情态动词：
1.对事情的肯定的，完全有把握的推测用must，意思为“一定”
2.对事情的肯定的，不是完全有把握的推测，依照对其发生概率的肯定程度的强弱大小，依次用could, may, might,其肯定程度逐渐减弱，意思为“可能”。
3.对事情的否定的，完全有把握的推测用can't，表示“一定不，不可能”
4.而疑问句中表示推测时，用can, could, 表示“可能”
所以两个部分结合起来
1. must be 一定是
could/may/might be 可能是
can’t be 一定不是，不可能是must do sth 一定...
could/may/might do sth 可能... can’t do sth 一定不/不可能...
You must be hungry, you haven’t had anything since yesterday.
They must be twins. They look quite the same.
That can’t be Mary. She is in hospital. You can’t be hungry, you have just had lunch.
There is someone outside. Who can it be?
Can he still be alive after these years?
He is not at home, he could/may/might be at school.
Anna could/may/might know her address.
He said he could/may/might be a little late.
I guess he could/may/might come tomorrow.
2.must be doing sth 一定在做某事could/may/might be doing sth
可能在做某事
can’t be doing sth一定不在做某事There is a lot of noise from next door. They must be having a party.
The police are stopping all the cars.
They must be looking for the bad man. What can she be doing now?
She can’t be telling the truth.
3.must have done sth
一定已经做了某事
could/may/might have done sth
可能已经做了某事
can’t have done sth 不可能做过某事should have done sth
本应该已经做了某事，但实际未做I can’t find my book. I must have left it at home.
Ann is not here, she could/may/might have gone to the cinema.
He didn’t ask me. He can’t have known
my phone number.
You should have finished your work, but you didn’t come to work until Friday.
1. Whose adj. Pron.谁的，那个人的
那一个的
2. Truck n.C卡车，货车
Have/want no truck with sb/sth
拒绝接受，据不考虑，
拒绝与某某打交道
3. Picnic n.C野餐，v. 野餐
Go for a picnic去野餐
Have a picnic野餐
Be no picnic可不容易，不是好玩的
→Picnicker n.C野餐者
4. Rabbit n.C兔，野兔
5. Attend v.出席，参加
经常去，定期去某处
注意，专心
随同，陪同
伴随，发生
→Attendance n.U，C出席，参加
U，C出席人数
→Attendant n.C服务员，侍者Attend to sb/sth处理，对付，
照料，关怀
Be in attendance出席特别活动
Be in attendance on sb
陪侍，随侍某人左右
Take attendance点名
6. Valuable adj.贵重的，宝贵的Valueless adj.=worthless不值钱的→Values n.C是非标准，价值观
→Valuation n.C,U估价，价值
→Priceless adj.无价的
→Value n. U，C 价值
U 用途，积极作用
v.重视，珍视
给某某定价，给某某估价Go up/rise/increase in value升值
Go down/fall/drop in value贬值
Hold the value保值
Be of great value有重大的意义
Be of little /no value
对某人没什么毫无意义
Value sth at...将某某估价为
Value sth/sb for ...
某物因某某二受到重视
Value sb/sth as ...将某某视为...
7. Pink adj. 粉红色的
n.U,C粉红色
8. Anybody pron.任何人
9. Happening n. C事件，发生的事情
adj.热闹的，时髦的
→Happen v.发生，碰巧
Happen to do sth碰巧做某事
Sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
10. Noise n.C,U 声音，噪音
Make a noise发出噪音
Make a noise about sth
大声诉苦，大声抱怨
→Noiseless adj.没有噪音的，寂静的，
不出声的
→Noisy adj.吵闹的，嘈杂的
→Noisily adv.吵闹地，喧闹地
11. Policeman n.C男警察
→Policewoman n.C女警察
12. Wolf n.C狼
13. Uneasy adj.担心的，不安的
=anxious
→Uneasily adv.
Feel/be uneasy about doing sth
对做某事感到惴惴不安
14. Laboratory n.C实验室
15. Outdoors adv.在户外
16. Coat n.C外套，外衣
17. Sleepy adj.困倦的，瞌睡的
→Sleepily adv.困倦地，疲倦地，
懒散地
→Sleepiness n.U睡意，瞌睡
→Sleepless adj.没有睡觉的，不眠的→Sleeplessness n.U失眠
Feel sleepy感到昏昏欲睡
18. Land v.着陆，降落
陷入困境，使不得不应付
n. U 土地C国家U陆地
Land on 着陆
Take off起飞
Land in sth/land oneself in sth
使陷入困境
Land up in/at....=end up
最后落到某种处境
Land sb with sth把苦差事推给他人Land oneself with sth主动承担苦差事
19. Alien n.C外星人
20. Suit n.C西服，套装
v.适合
→Suitable adj.适合的
→Unsuitable adj.不适合的
→Suitably adv.合适地，恰当地，
适宜地
Suit sb down to the ground
对某人非常方便，很合某人心意
Suit oneself随某人自己的意愿
Suit sth to sb/sth使适应于某人/事21. Express v.表示，表达
→Expression n.C,U表示，表达
C 表情，短语
→Expressive adj.富于表情的，
有表现力的
→Expressly adv.清楚地，明确地，
确切地
→Expressively adv.表现地，表示地
意味深长地
→Expressionless adj.无表情的
呆板的
→Expressiveness n.U善于表现，
表情丰富Express oneself
表达自己的意见，想法等
Express sth to sb向某人表达某某22. Circle n.C圆圈
v.圈出，盘旋转圈
Go round in circles在原地绕圈子Run round in circles徒劳无功
Circle around above/over sb/sth
在某某上空盘旋
Circle the wagons结成同一战线
23. Britain 大不列颠
24. Mystery n.C奥秘，神秘事物
神秘的人或事物
U 奥秘，神秘
→Mysterious adj.神秘的，奇怪的
→Mysteriously adv.神秘地，
故弄玄虚地，
难以理解地
→Mystical/mystic adj.神秘的，
不可思议的25. Receive v.接待，接受，收到Receive sth from sb从某人处获得某某Be at/on the receiving end of sth
承受不愉快之事
→Received adj.被承认的，
被一致认可的
→Receiver n.C听筒
Receive a letter from sb
收到某人的来信
Receive the invitation收到邀请
26. Historian n.C历史学家
27. Leader n.C领导，领袖
Lead v.带路，领路
与某某相连接，相通
导致，造成
使得出，引导某人
过着某种生活
Lead the way带路
Lead from/to sth与某某相连
Lead to/result in导致
Lead sb to sth使某人得出某结果Lead a quiet life过着一种安静的生活Lead sb by the nose完全操纵某人Lead from the front带头，带动，引导Lead sb nowhere毫无成果
Lead sb up/down the garden path
误导某人
Lead off from sth起始于某地
Lead sth off开始某事
Lead sb on误导某人
Take the lead取得领先
Hold the lead保持领先
Lose the lead失去领先
→Leaderless adj.无领导的
→Leadership n.U领导，领导地位
领导才能
→Leading adj.最重要的，一流的
28. Midsummer n.仲夏，中夏
29. Medical adj.医疗的，医学的
→Medically adv.医学上地，医药上地→Medicate v. 用药物治疗
→Medication n.U,C药，药物
→Medicinal adj.有疗效的，药用的，
药的
→Medicine n.U,医学U,C药，药水
→Medic n.C医生，大夫，医科生
救护人员
30. Purpose n.U目的，目标，
意图，用途
意志，毅力，决心For the purpose of...为某某的目的
On purpose 有意，故意地
To little/no purpose作用不大，徒劳
→Purposeful/purposive adj.有目的的
目标明确的
有意义的
坚毅的，
果断的
→Purposefully adv.有目的的，
自觉地
→Purposefulness n.U目的性，
意志坚强
→Purposeless adj.无目的的，无用的
无意义的
→Purposely adv.故意地，蓄意地31. Prevent v.阻止，阻挠
→Preventable adj.可以防止的
→Preventive adj.预防性的，防备的→Prevention n.U预防，防止，防范Prevent sb from doing sth
阻止某人做某事
Prevent (sb) doing sth阻止做某事32. Energy n.C力量，精力
U 精力，活力，干劲
→Energetic adj.充沛的，充满活力的
需要能量的
→Energize v.使充满热情，
给某人增添能量
为某某提供电力
33. Position n.C位置，地方
U 恰当位置，正确位置
C 处境，地位，状况
C 观点，态度，立场
C,U地位，等级
V. 安装，安置，使处于→Positional adj.位置上的，地位上的Change one’s position改变立场
34. Burial n.C,U埋葬，安葬
Burial ground墓地，坟地
35. Honor v.尊重，表示敬意
给予表扬
做某事感到荣幸
n.U 尊敬，尊重，崇敬
C荣幸，U荣耀
C奖励，荣誉称号，头衔It’s one’s/ an honor to do sth
做某事是某人的荣幸
Do sb an honor给某人带来荣耀
Have the honor of doing sth
有幸做某事
In honor of sb/in sb’s honor
为向某人表示敬意
On sb’s honor以某人名誉担保
Honor s with sth 授予某人某物
Be /feel honored to do sth
做某事感到荣幸
→Honorable adj.可敬的，值得钦佩的
品格高尚的
→Honorably adv.体面地，值得尊敬地
36. Ancestor n.C祖宗，祖先
37. Victory n.C,U胜利，成功
The/a victory against/over sb战胜某某→Victorious adj.获胜的，战胜的，
胜利的
38. Enemy n.C敌人，仇人
Make an enemy of sb与某人为敌
The enemy 敌军，敌国，敌兵
39. Period n.一段时间，时期
A period of time一段时间
Have a picnic野餐
Go on/for a picnic去野餐
At the picnic在野餐中
Sth be valuable to sb某物对某人有价值The book is so valuable to me.
Sth be worth doing值得做某事
The book is worth reading for several times.
Attend a meeting/concert 出席会议，参加音乐会
Would you like to attend a concert with me this evening?
Take part in参加，加入
All the classmates hope that I can take part in the competition.
The rest of...某某的剩余部分
Make a noise/noises吵闹
The baby is sleeping,so don’t make a noise.
Nothing much没什么
There is nothing much to do except sleeping in such a cold day.
There must be sth/sb doing sth一定有某某在做什么
There must be someone watching tv in the room since I can hear the sound which was made by the television.
Have fun doing sth做某事高兴
We had fun having a visit to the farm. Hear sb do sth听见某人做了某事
I heard my mother walk down the steps. Hear sb doing sth听见某人在做某事
I heard a boy giving a speech in the room this morning.
Take off起飞，腾飞, 脱下
Do morning exercises 做早操
Many old people have done morning exercises in the park for many years. Take exercise=do sports做运动
We should take much exercise to keep healthy.
Express oneself表达自己的想法，意思，意见等
We should be brave to express ourselves
when we need.
Express sth to sb向某人表达某事
The young man expressed his respect to the old professor.
Express a difference表达差异
Receive/get a letter from sb=hear from sb 收到某人的来信
I have never received a letter from him since he left for Beijing.
Write (a letter)to sb写信给某人
Point out指出
Point at 指向（较近范围）point to 指向（较远范围）
In a certain way以某种方式
The problem can only be worked out in a certain way.
On purpose 有意地，故意地
The purpose of某某的目的
The purpose of the invention is to help the people who is unable to go out in a certain time.
For business / learning purposes 为了商