会计英语
一、听力
Three key (1) financial statements represent the essentials in obtaining these information. They are the (2) balance sheet, the (3) income statement and the (4) cash flow statement . Financial statements are usually prepared by the companies on the (5) accounts . And they may be (6) reviewed or (7) audited and (8) certified for the (9) accuracy by outside the client firms. All (10) public traded companies are required to (11) publish financial statements. Most other businesses supply them as well. Financial statements are truly the language of business. In this program, we will follow two (12) managers as they assess the (13) financial help of two restaurants that they candidate for the (14) potential purchase or (15) acquisition . The story we will see is an imaginary one. The lessons are very real. You will learn how to use financial data to read the tales of these two restaurants. Most important, the lessons learnt can be applied to other businesses as well.
The types of course work that we would look for when we are hiring someone straight out of undergraduate would be 1.__accounting_and 2.___finance_, because it provides a terminology. It allows us to communicate things quickly in a terminology we understand. People who have the detail-oriented approach to understand the 3._financial__statements__ from an 4. _accounting_perspective_. And also understand you know, the difference between the accounting statement, which is a 5._snapshot(快门)_ of what is going on now, and the financial type of 6. _forecast__ that allow us to then 7._project________ and think about how those financial statements are going to change going forward based on the things that the company is doing. That is the combination we are looking for, is being able to 8.___ understand the data___. But then being able to be flexible enough to look forward and think about how that data is going to change as the company 9.evolves. So it is very much a combination of accounting and finance. And again, to stress the written communication and the oral communication is just vital because people have to understand your analysis before they are going to be willing to 10._invest___on it.
二、单选题
1. Which of the following service involves providing an independent report on the appropriateness of financial statements? （A）
A. Audit
B. Tax
C. Consulting
D. Budgeting
2. Which of the following is a liability account?（C）
A. Prepaid Insurance
B. Intangible Assets
C. Salaries Payable
D. Accumulated Depreciation
3、W hich of the following is a contra asset account?（C）
A、Inventory
B、Goodwill
C、Accumulated Depreciation
D、Retained Earnings
4、Which of the following belongs to the current assets?（D）
a.Long-term investment
b. Plant and equipment
c. Intangible assets
d. Inventory
5、W hich of the following belongs to the long-term liabilities?（C）
A、Retained earnings
B、Capital stock
C、Dividend payable
D、Bonds payable
6、Financial statement does not include ( D)
A、lance sheet
B、come statement
C、sh flow statement
D、king sheet
7、profit-making business operating as a separate legal entity and in which ownership
is divided into shares of stock is known as a:（D）
A. proprietorship.
B. service business.
C. partnership.
D. corporation.
8、2. If revenue was $45,000, expenses were $37,500, and the owner’s withdrawals
were $10,000, the amount of net income or net loss would be:（B）
A. $45,000 net income.
B. $7,500 net income.
C. $37,500 net loss.
D. $2,500 net loss.
9、Which of the following items represents a deferral?（A）
A. Prepaid insurance
B. Wages payable
C. Fees earned
D. Accumulated depreciation
10、If the estimated amount of depreciation on equipment for a period is $2,000, the
adjusting entry to record depreciation would be:（C）
A. debit Depreciation Expense, $2,000; credit Equipment,$2,000.
B. debit Equipment, $2,000; credit Depreciation Expense,$2,000.
C. debit Depreciation Expense, $2,000; credit Accumulated Depreciation,
$2,000.
D. debit Accumulated Depreciation, $2,000; credit Depr eciation Expense,
$2,000.
11、Which of the following accounts would not be closed to the income summary
account at the end of a period?（D）
A. Depreciation Expense
B. Wages Expense
C. Rent Expense
D. Accumulated Depreciation
12、Which of the following is an example of an intangible asset?（D）
A. Patents
B. Goodwill
C. Copyrights
D. All of the above
三、计算题（关于会计投资、筹资活动的现金流量）
(2) Compute the net cash used (provided) by financing activities.
Net cash provided by investing activities =81000-37000-53000=91000
Net cash used by financing activities =47000-40000-85000-1000000= -78000
四、填空题
1、填字母（交易与相应的分类对上号）
2、填数字（成本流转假设）——计算P55
3、排序题
A. To record receipt of unearned revenue.
B. To record this period’s earning of prior unearned revenue.
C. To record payment of an accrued expense.
D. To record receipt of an accrued revenue.
E. To record an accrued expense.
F. To record an accrued revenue.
G. To record this period’s use of a prepaid expense.
五、论述题
（一）、chapter10(课本上96~97页)
1、The factors that are directly relevant to an analysis of business performance:
(1)、the size of the business
(2)、the business risk
(3)、the economic environment
(4)、Industry trends ,effects of changes in technology
2、The information that the public company provided includes:
(1)、Chairman’s statement
(2)、Director s’ report
(3)、the balance sheet
(4)、Statements of income and changes in equity
(5)、Statement of cash flows
(6)、Notes to the statements
(7)、Auditors’ report
(8)、External sources
（二）、交易效果题（即资产、负债、所有者权益的增减问题）
例：Describe the effects of each of the following business transactions on assets, liabilities and owners’equity.
(1). Bought equipment on credit.
(2). Paid salaries to employees.
(3). Sold services for cash.
答案：(1). Increase both asset and liability.
(2). Decrease both asset and liability.
(3). Increase both asset and owners’equity.
知识点：
第一章：
1、Two objectives of financial statements（P5）会计目标
2、Underlying Assumptions (P6)
第三章：
1、Financial statement consists (P19)财务报表的组成
2、资产、负债、所有者的构成（P19~P20）——table 3-3
3、the format of balance sheet: the account form and the report (区别)
例：In the report form,(报告式) the assets are listed on the left side of the page and liabilities and owner’s equity on the right side .(其中report form 应该是account form)
*4、income Statement (P22-23)
5、Three Categories of Cash Flows (区别)(P26)
1、Investing activities
2、Financing activities
3、Operating activities
第四章
1、Accounting Equation: asset=liabilities+equity(P33)
2、复式记账法（double-Entry Bookkeeping）的含义(P33)
Debits must equal credits
3、会计循环（Accounting Cycle）——排序题（P35）
理解：过账、结账分录、试算平衡表、结账后试算平衡表的含义4、Accruals and deferrals adjustments 应计和递延项目的含
义及能简单的区分它们
5、close temporary accounts （P45）了解下期末的结算。
6、contra account 递减账户的含义
第五章：
1、pretty cash funds备用金的会计处理（P51）
2、cost flow assumption:
The beginning balance in inventory account+the cost of
purchases =cost of sales+closing inventory(期末存货)（P55）
3、the major cost flow assumption currently used are specific Identification\FIFO、average cost、LIFO(原理)
第六章：
1、Depreciation 折旧的分录（P64）
2、无形资产的包含的内容（P65）
第七章：
1、demand yield 必要报酬率（P73）
第八章：
1、Proprietorships and Partnerships vS Corporation (P78)
第九章：
1、Performance是在income sheet中体现的。
第十章：
1、论述题：P95
2、common-size statements:结构百分比报表的计算（包括资
产负债表和利润表的计算）P98
3、DuPont System 杜邦分析系统（注意ROE的计算）
P100-101
注：还要注意课后词汇。
有不足的地方大家记得提出来！
会计英语的常用术语 1.accounting n.会计；会计学 account n..账，账目a/c；账户 e.g.T-account: T型账户；account payable应付账款receivable 应收账款）；accountant n.会计人员，会计师CPA （certified public accountant）注册会计师 2.Accounting concepts 会计的基本前提 1）accounting entity 会计主体；entity 实体，主体 2）going concern 持续经营 3）accounting period 会计分期 financial year/ fiscal year 会计年度（financial adj.财务的，金融的；fiscal adj.财政的）4）money measurement货币计量 人民币RMB￥美元US$ 英镑￡法国法郎FFr *权责发生制accrual basis. accrual n.本身是应计未付的意思， accrue v.应计未付，应计未收， e.g.accrued liabilities，应计未付负债 3.Quality of accounting information 会计信息质量要求 （1）可靠性reliability （2）相关性relevance （3）可理解性understandability （4）可比性comparability （5）实质重于形式substance over form （6）重要性materiality （7）谨慎性prudence （8）及时性timeliness 4.Elements of accounting会计要素 1）Assets: 资产 –current assets 流动资产 cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物（bank deposit） inventory存货receivable应收账款prepaid expense 预付费用 –non-current assets 固定资产 property （land and building）不动产, plant 厂房, equipment 设备（PPE） e.g.The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31, 2006 was US$1,500,000. 2）Liabilities: 负债 funds provided by the creditors. creditor债权人，赊销方 –current liabilities 当期负债 non-current liabilities 长期负债 total liabilities account payable应付账款loan贷款advance from customers 预收款 bond债券（由政府发行, government bond /treasury bond政府债券，国库券）debenture债券（由有限公司发行） 3）Owners’equity: 所有者权益（Net assets） funds provided by the investors. Investor 投资者
Suggested Solution Chapter 1 3. 4.
5. (b) net income = 9,260-7,470=1,790 (c) net income = 1,790+2,500=4,290
Chapter 2 1. a.To increase Notes Payable -CR b.To decrease Accounts Receivable-CR c.To increase Owner, Capital -CR d.To decrease Unearned Fees -DR e.To decrease Prepaid Insurance -CR f.To decrease Cash - CR g.To increase Utilities Expense -DR h.To increase Fees Earned -CR i.To increase Store Equipment -DR j.To increase Owner, Withdrawal -DR 2. a. Cash 1,800 Accounts payable ................................................... 1,800 b. Revenue ................................................................... 4,500 Accounts receivable ...................................... 4,500 c. Owner’s withdrawals ................................................ 1,500 Salaries Expense ............................................ 1,500 d. Accounts Receivable (750) Revenue (750) 3. Prepare adjusting journal entries at December 31, the end of the year. Advertising expense 600 Prepaid advertising 600 Insurance expense (2160/12*2) 360 Prepaid insurance 360
中华女子学院2016——2017学年第1学期 《会计专业英语》课程试卷 （论文类） 论文题目Analysis on the effect of business tax reform value added tax on real estate 课程代码 1050042013 课程名称会计专业英语 学号 130404077 姓名史慧丹 院系管理学院会计系 专业会计 考试时间 2016年10月27日 考试成绩
Since the State Council made it clear, and strive to 12th Five-Year during the comprehensive completion of the camp changed to increase reform, camp changed to increase and then move forward. Real estate enterprises "camp changed to increase", is the history of China's tax reform, but also the history of real estate development in the history of major events, will give the vast number of real estate enterprises have brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities for development. Firstly, the "camp to add" the development background and the real estate industry, it makes a brief overview of that the importance of the real estate industry in economic development, and tax on the real estate industry. Followed by an overview of the new tax policy,so that we clearly understand the V AT tax policy. Finally,through the study of the new tax policy of the real estate industry, to explore the "camp changed to increase" the real estate industry to bring opportunities and challenges. Key words:real estate, replacing business tax with value-added tax(V AT), tax burden, opportunity,challenge
?accounting 会计、会计学 ?account 账户 ?account for / as 核算 ?certified public accountant / CPA 注册会计师?chief financial officer 财务总监?budgeting 预算 ?auditing 审计 ?agency 机构 ?fair value 公允价值 ?historical cost 历史成本?replacement cost 重置成本?reimbursement 偿还、补偿?executive 行政部门、行政人员?measure 计量 ?tax returns 纳税申报表 ?tax exempt 免税 ?director 懂事长 ?board of director 董事会 ?ethics of accounting 会计职业道德?integrity 诚信 ?competence 能力 ?business transaction 经济交易?account payee 转账支票?accounting data 会计数据、信息?accounting equation 会计等式?account title 会计科目 ?assets 资产 ?liabilities 负债 ?owners’ equity 所有者权益 ?revenue 收入 ?income 收益
?gains 利得 ?abnormal loss 非常损失 ?bookkeeping 账簿、簿记 ?double-entry system 复式记账法 ?tax bearer 纳税人 ?custom duties 关税 ?consumption tax 消费税 ?service fees earned 服务性收入 ?value added tax / VAT 增值税?enterprise income tax 企业所得税?individual income tax 个人所得税?withdrawal / withdrew 提款、撤资?balance 余额 ?mortgage 抵押 ?incur 产生、招致 ?apportion 分配、分摊 ?accounting cycle会计循环、会计周期?entry分录、记录 ?trial balance试算平衡?worksheet 工作草表、工作底稿?post reference / post .ref过账依据、过账参考?debit 借、借方 ?credit 贷、贷方、信用 ?summary/ explanation 摘要?insurance 保险 ?premium policy 保险单 ?current assets 流动资产 ?long-term assets 长期资产 ?property 财产、物资 ?cash / currency 货币资金、现金
一、企业财务会计报表封面 FINANCIAL REPORT COVER 报表所属期间之期末时间点 Period Ended 所属月份 Reporting Period 报出日期 Submit Date 记账本位币币种 Local Reporting Currency 审核人 Verifier 填表人 Preparer 二、资产负债表 Balance Sheet 资产 Assets 流动资产 Current Assets 货币资金 Bank and Cash 短期投资 Current Investment 一年内到期委托贷款 Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：一年内到期委托贷款减值准备 Less: Impairment for Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：短期投资跌价准备 Less: Impairment for current investment 短期投资净额 Net bal of current investment 应收票据 Notes receivable 应收股利 Dividend receivable 应收利息 Interest receivable 应收账款 Account receivable 减：应收账款坏账准备 Less: Bad debt provision for Account receivable 应收账款净额 Net bal of Account receivable 其他应收款 Other receivable 减：其他应收款坏账准备 Less: Bad debt provision for Other receivable 其他应收款净额 Net bal of Other receivable 预付账款 Prepayment 应收补贴款 Subsidy receivable 存货 Inventory 减：存货跌价准备 Less: Provision for Inventory 存货净额 Net bal of Inventory 已完工尚未结算款 Amount due from customer for contract work 待摊费用 Deferred Expense 一年内到期的长期债权投资 Long-term debt investment due within one year 一年内到期的应收融资租赁款 Finance lease receivables due within
财会常见名词英汉对照表 （1）会计与会计理论 会计accounting 决策人Decision Maker 投资人Investor 股东Shareholder 债权人Creditor 财务会计Financial Accounting 管理会计Management Accounting 成本会计Cost Accounting 私业会计Private Accounting 公众会计Public Accounting 注册会计师CPA Certified Public Accountant 国际会计准则委员会IASC 美国注册会计师协会AICPA 财务会计准则委员会FASB 管理会计协会IMA 美国会计学会AAA 税务稽核署IRS 独资企业Proprietorship 合伙人企业Partnership 公司Corporation
会计目标Accounting Objectives 会计假设Accounting Assumptions 会计要素Accounting Elements 会计原则Accounting Principles 会计实务过程Accounting Procedures 财务报表Financial Statements 财务分析Financial Analysis 会计主体假设Separate-entity Assumption 货币计量假设Unit-of-measure Assumption 持续经营假设Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption 会计分期假设Time-period Assumption 资产Asset 负债Liability 业主权益Owner's Equity 收入Revenue 费用Expense 收益Income 亏损Loss 历史成本原则Cost Principle 收入实现原则Revenue Principle 配比原则Matching Principle 全面披露原则Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle
流动资产CURRENT ASSETS： 现金Cash on hand 银行存款Cash in bank 有价证券Marketable securitiea 应收票据Notes receivable 应收帐款Accounts receivable 坏帐准备Provision for bad debts 预付帐款Advances to suppliers 其他应收款Other receivables 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 存货Inventories 存货变现损失准备Provision for loss on realization of inventory 一年内到期的长期债券投资Long-term investments maturing within one year 其他流动资产Other current assets 长期投资Long-term in vestments 一年以上的应收款项Receivables collectable after one year 固定资产：FIXED ASSETS: 固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value 固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets 在建工程Construction in progress 无形资产INTANGIBLE ASSETS: 场地使用权Land occupancy right 工业产权及专有技术Proprietary technology and patents 其他无形资产Other intangibles assets 其他资产：OTHER ASSETS 开办费Organization expenses 筹建期间汇兑损失Exchange loss during start-up peried 递延投资损失Deferred loss on investments 递延税款借项Deferred taxes debit 其他递延支出Other deferred expenses 待转销汇兑损失Unamortized cxehange loss 流动负债CURRENT LIABILITIES: 短期借款Short term loans 应付票据Notes payable 应付帐款Accounts payable 应付工资Accrued payroll 应交税金Taxes payable 应付利润Dividends payable 预收货款Advances from customers 其他应付款Other payables
第一章会计总论 本章讨论不同的使用者对会计信息的需求，介绍不同实体对会计职业的影响、会计职业道德及职业行为准则。本章也将对公认会计准则以及一些相关概念和原则进行解释。 本章将介绍会计等式：资产＝负债＋所有者权益，并逐一定义会计等式中的每个要素，举例分析不同业务对会计等式的影响。同时，本章还将简单介绍并列示财务报表。 学习目标： 1．了解会计信息系统 2．应用公认会计准则 3．了解财务报表 4．运用会计要素 5．运用会计等式 6．理解了解会计及其环境 会计是一个信息系统 我们通常把会计描述为一个信息系统。作为一个信息系统，会计计量经济活动，将信息编制成财务报表，并将财务报表传达给决策者。会计的范围包括：确认经济事项，进行计量、记录、汇总，并把信息报告给使用者。会计所涵盖的范围要大于簿记。图表1－1是信息在会计系统内的流转图。簿记是对交易和事件的记录，只是会计的一部分。会计还包括对会计信息的分析和阐述，以帮助财务报表的外部和内部的使用者制定各项经济决策。 决策制定经济业务财务报告 图表1-1 会计信息流转 会计信息使用者主要是投资者和债权人，政府，工会和普通公众也会使用会计信息。 1.1组织形式 企业有三种组织形式： 个人独资企业是指由一个自然人投资拥有的企业组织。个人独资企业是一个会计实体，但并不是法律实体。个人独资企业的所有者对企业的债务承担无限责任，这也是个人独资企业的一个主要缺点。 合伙企业与个人独资企业的区别只是在于它有两个或两个以上的所有者。合伙企业的所有者被称为合伙人。现实商业活动中有许多不同类型的合伙企业。 公司是依据当地法律注册成立的单独实体；公司的所有者被称为股东。股东不对公司的债务负责。有限责任是公司这种组织形式的一个显著优点。公司的所有权被分为股份。股票股份可以在所有者之间转让。 1.2编报财务报表的框架 由于各个国家的法律和经济环境不同，各国有不同的会计模式。在一个国家可行的会计实务在另一个国家并不一定可行。由于各国的会计模式不同，所以我们需要制定一个互相协调的会计标准：用全球通用的会计语言来传达相关的且可靠的会计信息。 为满足上述需求，国际会计准则委员会（IASC）于1973年成立，并致力于国际公认的会计准则的制定。2001年4月1日，根据题为《关于重塑国际会计准则委员会未来的建议》的报告中的提议，国际会计准则委员会（IASC）改组为国际会计准则理事会（IASB）。 除了1989年发布的国际会计准则外，国际会计准则委员会还发布了财务报表编报的框架，并将其作为建立会计准则的概念基础。 框架主要包括以下内容： 1.财务报表的目的及基础假设; 2.财务报表的质量特征; 3.财务报表的要素; 4.资本和资本保全概念. 图表1－2概括地介绍了一些重要的会计原则。 图表1－2
AAA 美国会计学会 Abacus 《算盘》杂志 abacus 算盘 Abandonment "废弃,报废;委付" abandonment value 废弃价值abatement ①减免②冲销 ability to service debt 偿债能力abnormal cost 异常成本 abnormal spoilage 异常损耗 above par 超过票面价值 above the line 线上项目 absolute amount "绝对数,绝对金额" absolute endorsement 绝对背书absolute insolvency 绝对无力偿付absolute priority 绝对优先求偿权absolute value 绝对值 absorb "摊配,转并" absorption account "摊配账户,转并账户" absorption costing 摊配成本计算法abstract 摘要表 abuse 滥用职权 abuse of tax shelter 滥用避税项目ACCA 特许公认会计师公会 accelerated cost recovery system 加速成本收回制度 accelerated depreciation method "加速折旧法,快速折旧法" acceleration clause "加速偿付条款,提前偿付条款" acceptance ①承兑②已承兑票据③验收acceptance bill 承兑票据acceptance register 承兑票据登记簿 acceptance sampling 验收抽样 access time 存取时间accommodation 融通 accommodation bill 融通票据accommodation endorsement 融通背书account "①账户,会计科目②账簿,报表③账目,账项④记账" accountability "经营责任,会计责任" accountability unit 责任单位Accountancy 《会计》杂志accountancy 会计 accountant "会计员,会计师" accountant general "会计主任,总会计" accounting in charge 主管会计师"accountant,s legal liability " 会计师的法律责任 "accountant,s report " 会计师报告"accountant,s responsibility " 会计师职责 account form "账户式,账式" accounting ①会计②会计学 accounting assumption "会计假定,会计假设" accounting basis "会计基准,会计基本方法" accounting changes 会计变更accounting concept 会计概念accounting control 会计控制accounting convention "会计常规,会计惯例" accounting corporation 会计公司accounting cycle 会计循环accounting data 会计数据accounting doctrine 会计信条accounting document 会计凭证accounting elements 会计要素accounting entity "会计主体,会计个体" accounting entry 会计分录accounting equation 会计等式accounting event 会计事项accounting exposure "会计暴露,会计暴露风险" accounting firm 会计事务所Accounting Hall of Fame 会计名人堂 accounting harmonization 会计协调化 accounting identity 会计恒等式accounting income 会计收益accounting information 会计信息accounting information system 会计信息系统 accounting internationalization
会计的英语是什么 会计和英语专业都是比较热门的专业，因此找工作的竞争也会很激烈。下面为大家带来会计的英语意思和相关用法，欢迎大家一起学习! 会计的英语意思accounting 会计的英语例句那个会计向营业部的职员介绍了自己的工作情况。 The accountant described his work to the sales staff. 雇会计划得来。 It would pay (you) to use an accountant. 他已由仓库调到会计室任职。 He has transferredfrom the warehouse to the accounts office. 会计拐走了俱乐部的资金。 The treasurer has run off with the club's funds. 会计科已完全计算机化了。 The accounts section has been completely computerized. 我们的经理精通会计制度。 Our manager is conversant with account system. 通过分析虚假会计报告的成因，提出了治理会计报告中虚假会计
信息的对策。 The ctmse of the mendacious financial report is analyzed in this paper. 会计信息资源是通过会计核算建造的人造资源; It is manmade resources by the wag of accounting. 会计学就是一部会计伦理学。 Accounting science is accounting ethics. 会计的双语例句1. The unemployed executives include former sales managers, directors and accountants. 被解雇的管理人员包括前销售经理、主管和会计。 2. That's not the kind of talk one usually hears from accountants. 会计们通常不会说那样的话. 3. The accounting firm deliberately destroyed documents to thwart government investigators. 会计事务所故意毁坏文件，阻挠政府调查工作。 4. He's not a bad chap;quite human for an accountant. 这个家伙人不坏;;就会计来说已经很有人情味了。 5. Bookkeepers haven't yet tallied up the total cost. 会计还没有计算出总成本。 6. The debate revolves around specific accounting
一.专业术语 Accelerated Depreciation Method 计算折旧时，初期所提的折旧大于后期各年。加速折旧法主要包括余额递减折旧法 declining balance depreciation，双倍余额递减折旧法 double declining balance depreciation，年限总额折旧法 sum of the years' depreciation Account 科目，帐户 Account format 帐户式 Account payable 应付帐款 Account receivable 应收帐款 Accounting cycle 会计循环，指按顺序进行记录，归类，汇总和编表的全过程。在连续的会计期间周而复始的循环进行 Accounting equation 会计等式：资产= 负债+ 业主权益 Accounts receivable turnover 应收帐款周转率：一个时期的赊销净额/ 应收帐款平均余额 Accrual basis accounting 应记制，债权发生制：以应收应付为计算基础，以确定本期收益与费用的一种方式。凡应属本期的收益于费用，不论其款项是否以收付，均作为本期收益和费用处理。 Accrued dividend 应计股利 Accrued expense 应记费用：指本期已经发生而尚未支付的各项费用。 Accrued revenue 应记收入 Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Acid-test ratio 酸性试验比率，企业速动资产与流动负债的比率，又称quick ratio Acquisition cost 购置成本 Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表，指已作调整分录但尚未作结账分录的试算表。 Adjusting entry 调整分录：在会计期末所做的分录，将会计期内因某些原因而未曾记录或未适当记录的会计事项予以记录入帐。 Adverse 应收帐款的帐龄分类 Aging of accounts receivable 应收帐款的帐龄分类 Allocable 应分配的 Allowance for bad debts 备抵坏帐 Allowance for depreciation 备抵折旧 Allowance for doubtful accounts 呆帐备抵 Allowance for uncollectible accounts 呆帐备抵 Allowance method 备抵法：用备抵帐户作为各项资产帐户的抵销帐户，以使交易的费用与收入相互配合的方法。 Amortization 摊销,清偿 Annuity due 期初年金 Annuity method 年金法 Appraisal method 估价法 Asset 资产 Bad debt 坏帐 Bad debt expense 坏帐费用：将坏帐传人费用帐户，冲销应收帐款 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bank discount 银行贴现折价 Bank reconciliation 银行往来调节：企业自身的存款帐户余额和银行对帐单的余额不符时，应对未达帐进行调节。 Bank statement 银行对帐单，银行每月寄给活期存款客户的对帐单，列明存款兑现支票和服务费用。
1.Words and phrases CEO Chief Executive Officer首席执行官; CFO Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官; COO Chief operating officer首席运营官; CFA 特许金融分析师(Chartered Financial Analyst); CICPA 中国注册会计师协会（The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants）; MBA 管理硕士Master of Business Administration; IPO(unseasoned issue)Initial Public Offerings 首次公开募股; SEC 美国证券交易委员会Securities and Exchange Commission; NYSE New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所; GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计准则 EBIT earnings before interest and taxes 息税前利润; EBT earnings before tax税前收益; EPS Earnings Per Share 每股利润;
ROE Rate of Return on Equity权益报酬率; NCF net cash flow 现金净流量; NPV net present value 净现值; IRR Internal Rate of Return 内部收益率FVIFA future value interest factors of annuity年金终值系数; PVIFA present value interest factors of annuity年金现值系数; YTM Yield to Maturity 到期收益率; CAPM capital asset pricing model资本资产定价模型; WACC weighted average cost of capital加权平均资本成本; EOQ Economic Order Quantity 经济订购量; JIT system just in time 实时生产系统 2.Translation Overview of each topic 1商业公司每天都在做决策。几乎所有的商业决策有财务的含义。因此，财务对每个人都重要。我们通过对财务管理的意义和财务经理角色的讨论开始我们财务管理的学习。下面我们讨论决策的三
完整英文版资产负债表、利润表及现金流量表,资产负债表 项目ITEM 货币资金Cash 短期投资Short term investments 应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收帐款Accounts receivable 其他应收款Other receivables 预付帐款Accounts prepaid 期货保证金Future guarantee 应收补贴款Allowance receivable 应收出口退税Export drawback receivable 存货Inventories 其中：原材料Including:Raw materials 产成品(库存商品) Finished goods 待摊费用Prepaid and deferred expenses 待处理流动资产净损失Unsettled G/L on current assets 一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debenture investment falling due in a yaear 其他流动资产Other current assets 流动资产合计Total current assets 长期投资：Long-term investment： 其中:长期股权投资Including long term equity investment 长期债权投资Long term securities investment *合并价差Incorporating price difference 长期投资合计Total long-term investment 固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 减：累计折旧Less:Accumulated Dpreciation 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value 减：固定资产减值准备Less:Impairment of fixed assets 固定资产净额Net value of fixed assets 固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets 工程物资Project material 在建工程Construction in Progress 待处理固定资产净损失Unsettled G/L on fixed assets 固定资产合计Total tangible assets 无形资产Intangible assets 其中:土地使用权Including and use rights 递延资产（长期待摊费用）Deferred assets 其中:固定资产修理Including:Fixed assets repair 固定资产改良支出Improvement expenditure of fixed assets 其他长期资产Other long term assets 其中:特准储备物资Among it:Specially approved reserving materials
SOME WORDS OF ACCOUNTING & FINANCE Accountancy is the profession; accounting is the methodology; accountant is the person who is in charge of accounting. Bookkeeping 薄记 Income statement/profit and loss account 利润表 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Cash flow statement 现金流量表 Asset 资产 Liability 负债 Owner’s equity/capital 所有者权益Revenue 收入 Expense 费用 Income 收益 Depreciation 折旧 Full disclosure 充分披露 Double-entry system 复式记账 Financial accounting 财务会计Managerial accounting 管理会计 Tax accounting 税务会计 Cost accounting 成本会计 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 Financial accounting standards board (FASB) 财务会计准则委员会 American institute of certified public accountants (AICPA)美国注册会计师协会Chinese institute of certified public accountants (CICPA)中国注册会计师协会Economic event 经济事件 Source document 原始凭证 External transaction 外部业务 Internal transaction 外部业务 Account 账户 Debit 借方 Credit 贷方 Cash in bank 银行存款 Receivable 应收款项 Prepaid expense 预付费用 Payable 应付款项Unearned revenue 预收收入 Withdrawal 提存 Temporary account 暂时账户 Nominal account 虚账户 Real account 实账户 Chart of accounts 科目表 General ledger 总分类账 Normal balance 正常余额 Compound journal entry 复式分录General journal 普通日记账 Posting过账 Accounting cycle 会计循环 Adjustment 账项调整 Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表Closing 结账 Post-closing trial balance 结账后的试算表 Voucher 记账凭证 Receipt voucher 收款凭证 Payment voucher 付款凭证 Transfer voucher 转账凭证 Debt ratio 负债比率 Financial leverage 财务杠杆 Time period 会计期间 Fiscal year 财政年度 Calendar year 日历年度 Natural business year 自然经营年度Accrual basis权责发生制、应计制 Cash basis 收付实现、现金制 Prepaid items 预付项目 Unearned items 预收项目 Accrued items 应计项目 Deferrals and accruals 递延与应计Contra account 备抵账户 Net book value 账面净值 Closing entries 结账分录 Income summary 收益汇总
会计科目英文 会计系统 Accounting system 美国会计协会 American Accounting Association 美国注册会计师协会 American Institute of CPAs 审计 Audit 资产负债表 Balance sheet 簿记 Bookkeeping 现金流量预测 Cash flow prospects 内部审计证书Certificate in Internal Auditing 管理会计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 注册会计师Certificate Public Accountant 成本会计Cost accounting 外部使用者External users 财务会计Financial accounting 财务会计准则委员会Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务预测Financial forecast 公认会计原则Generally accepted accounting principles 通用目的信息 General-purpose information 政府会计办公室Government Accounting Office 损益表 Income statement 内部审计师协会Institute of Internal Auditors 管理会计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 整合性Integrity 内部审计Internal auditing 内部控制结构Internal control structure 国内收入署Internal Revenue Service 内部使用者 Internal users 管理会计Management accounting 投资回报Return of investment 投资报酬Return on investment 证券交易委员会 Securities and Exchange Commission 现金流量表Statement of cash flow 财务状况表Statement of financial position 税务会计 Tax accounting 会计等式Accounting equation 勾稽关系 Articulation 资产 Assets 企业个体Business entity 股本Capital stock 公司Corporation 成本原则Cost principle 债权人Creditor 通货紧缩 Deflation 批露Disclosure 费用Expenses 财务报表Financial statement 筹资活动Financial activities 持续经营假设Going-concern assumption 通货膨涨 Inflation 投资活动Investing activities 负债Liabilities 负现金流量Negative cash flow 经营活动Operating activities 所有者权益Owner’s equity 合伙企业Partnership 正现金流量Positive cash flow 留存利润Retained earning 收入Revenue 独资企业Sole proprietorship 清偿能力Solvency 稳定货币假设Stable-dollar assumption 股东Stockholders