新托福听力必背习语
这些习语都是美国人生活中非常常用的，请大家熟练背诵，不但对托福考试管用，也对大家以后去美国的生活很有帮助。
1、above all - most importantly 首先，最重要的
2、account for – explain解释
3、as a matter of fact - in fact ,to speak the truth 实际上
4、as a rule - generally ;normally 通常
5、about to - be ready to;be on the point of doing something 将要
6、an old hand - be an experienced persom 老手，有经验的人
7、any day now -soon 很快
8、approach sb -talk to sb 接近某人
9、be fed up with - be out of patience with 厌烦
10、be on one's own - live independently 独自地
11、be on the safe side - take no chances 安全起见
12、be out of something - have no longer in supply 没有供应了
13、be tired of - be bored with ,frustrated with 厌烦
14、be up to ones'ears - be extremely busy 很忙
15、be up to someone -be a person's responsibility 由某人决定
16、be out for -trying to get 试图去做
17、be out of the question - be unacceptable ,impossible 不可能
18、bite off more than one can chew - take on more than onecanhandle 眼大肚子小
19、break down - cease to 坏了，出问题了
20、break the ice - begin to be friendly wuth people onedoesn'tknow 破冰，缓和气氛
21、break the news - inform or give bad news 告知坏消息
22、brush up on - imporve noe's knowledge of somethingthroughstudy 温习，提高
23、bump into - meet unexpectedly 撞见，偶然碰到
24、by and large - in general 通常
25、by heart - by memory 用心
26、by all means - absolutely ,definitely 绝对地
27、by no means - in no way 绝不
28、call off -cancel 取消
29、cheer up - be happy 高兴起来
30、come down with - become sick with得(传染性的病),感染
31、come into -receive,especially after another's death
32、come up with - think of 想出
33、count on - depend upon 指望，依靠
34、count out - eliminate 消除，去除
35、die down - become quiet ,become less 逐渐变小
36、do without - manage without something 没有。。。也可以，也凑合
37、drop by - visit informally; pay a short visit 短暂拜访
38、every other - alternate 每隔一个
39、fall behind - lag; fail to accomplish something on time 落后
40、fall through - fail to happen or be completed 失败
41、far cry form - completely different from;a long way 很远
42、feel like - have a desire or wish for 感觉想。。。
43、feel up to - feel well enough to or be capabele of 觉得能做。。。
44、few and far between - not happening often; rare很少见，不经常
45、figure out - determine; reason out by thinking 找出，发现
46、fill in for -take another's place 填补某人空缺
47、fill sb.in - tell what sb. should know 告诉某人应该做某事
48、fish out of water - out of one's element or natural environment 离开一个人熟悉的环境
49、flying colors -success,victory 成功
50、for good - permanently; forever 永远的
51、for the time being - for now; temporarily 目前
52、get away with - escape without punishment 逃脱惩罚
53、get rid of - give something away; sell, destroy, or throwawaysomething 去掉，消除
54、get the ball rolling - start something; make a beginning 开始做某事
55、get the hang of - understand; learn 学到，理解
56、give a hand - help 帮忙
57、go without saying - understood; clear without needing tobestated 不用说也知道
58、go off -begin to ring 发出响声
59、hang on - keep hold of; persevere;keep doing something 别挂
60、hard to come by - difficult to obtain 很难获得
61、have a heart - have kind feelings; be understanding发慈悲，理解
62、have a hunch - have an idea based on feelings rather than reason凭直觉
63、hold off - delay;postpone 推迟
64、hop to it - get started on something quickly快速开始做某事
65、hit it off - get along well with someone 和某人相处很好
66、ill at ease - uncomfortable不安,感到拘束
67、in hot water - in trouble 有麻烦
68、in the air -uncertain 不确定
69、in the dark - keep someone without knowdge; informationfromsomenoe 不知情
70、in the lone run - looking toward the future; eventually 长远的讲
71、ins and outs - all the details; the various parts anddifficultiesto be seen迂回(详情,进进出出)
72、iron out - remove the difficulties or find an answer for 解决难题
73、jump to conclusions - arrive too quickly at a decision or opinion 仓促下决定
74、keep an eye on - watch closely 盯着，照看着
75、keep one'sfingers crossed - wish that nothing goes wrong两指交叉以求好运
76、keep on one's toes - be ready for action; prepared保持警觉，时刻准备着
77、knock oneself out - make a great effort把自己弄得精疲力竭，尽最大努力
78、learn the ropes - learn the rules and routines of a placeoractivity 熟悉情况，知道内情
79、little by little -gradually 逐渐地
80、make ends meet - to get just enough money for noe's needs量入为出(使...收支相抵)
81、make out - manage;get along起草，设法，辨认出，亲热
82、mean to - intentional; on purpose 故意做某事
83、might as well - to have no strong reson not to还是...的好
84、next to nothing - almost nothing; very inexpensive几乎没有(几无)
85、not to mention - in addition更不用说
86、off balance - unaware; off guard不平衡
87、on the go - working or doing something all the time很忙
88、on pins and needles - nervous; anxious; full of anticipation坐立不安
89、on purpose - deliberately; intentionally 故意地
90、on the blink - not working properly;broken (机器等)坏了,出故障
91、on the center track - thinking or doing something correctly思维或者行动正确
92、on the tip of noe's tongue - to be about to remember somthing 在嘴边
93、once in a blue moon - rarely; almost never
94、out of it - not involved in在局外
95、pick up the tab - pay the bill or the cost of something承担全部费用
96、piece of cake - easy 容易
97、play by ear - act spontaneously; without planning 见机行事
98、pill it off - accomplish 完成
99、pull one's leg - make fun of somenoe in a playgul way;makesomenoe believe something that is not ture 开玩笑
100、quite a few – many 很多
101、raise the roof -angry 非常生气
102、center away - immediately 立即，马上
103、run for office - compete for an elected position (美)竞选职务
104、save one's breath - to keep silent because talking wouldnotachieve anyting 省省力
105、say that again - a saying that means; I agree completely
106、stone's throw - short distance短距离
107、search me - an answer that means; I don't know我可不知道!
108、serves one center - is deserving of 值得
109、sleep on it - think about something for a while把问题留在第二天解决，
先想想再说
110、straighten up - clean up; make tidy使整齐(整理)
111、take a break - rest for a while; stop one's work or activity 休息一会
112、think nothing of it - that's all center别放在心上
113、throw cold water on - discourage; lessen enthusiasm for 泼冷水
114、to say the least - at the lowest estimate至少可以这样说,毫不夸张地说115、touch on - mention a subject briefly触及，论及
116、under the weather - not feeling well 感觉不舒服
117、wait around - waiting in vain不耐烦地等待，或者是无聊的等待
118、wait on - attend as a servant;serve 伺候，服侍
119、well worth the trouble - it deseres the inconvenience or trouble 值得麻烦120、whole new ballgame - an entirely different situation 完全不同的状况
121、with flying colors - succeed very well 非常成功
122、without a hitch - without difficulty or delay顺利无阻地(轻易地)
托福听力分类词汇汇总
植物学 botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶 leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生 stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝 flower花bud 花蕾petal花 瓣peel / skin 果皮 shell（硬）果 壳 husk（干）果 壳/（玉米苞叶 trunk树干 bark树皮 branch树枝 bough大或者 粗的树枝 twig小树枝 jungle丛林 lawn草 meadow草地/ 牧场prairie大 草原mosses苔 藓shrub / bush灌木 cluster一簇 （灌木） fern蕨类植物 horsetails木 贼类植物 club mosses石 松类植物herb 草 photosynthesi s光合作用 chlorophyll 叶绿素 symbiosis共 生 symbiotic 共生 的 wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen花粉
pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交 root pressure 根压 bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水 化合物（淀粉） glucose葡萄 糖starch淀粉 fat 脂肪 protein蛋白 质 vitamin 维他 命 malnourished 营养不良的 nutrition 营养 perennial 多年 一生的 annual一年一 生的 verdant 嫩绿 的，翠绿的 evergreen常 青树 conifer tree针 叶树 larch 落叶松 pine松树 spruce云杉 juniper 刺 柏；杜松 sequoia红杉 elm榆树 walnut核桃树 redwood红木 树 plum blossom 梅花 orchid兰花 chrysanthemu m 菊花 water lily荷花 /莲花 rhododendron 杜鹃花 carnation康 乃馨 jasmine茉莉
TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则 1．听见什么，选什么原则 该原则为“TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则”之首，因为其它九大原则都建立在它的基础之上。 2．重复原则 听段子时，要特别注意那些“重复率高的词或概念”。因为重复率高的东西容易引起我们听者的注意。毕竟托福的测试对象是我们这些把英语作为第二语言的人，所以ETS 的考点也只能是那些对我们而言，通过努力能听懂的地方。 Bonus: 段子中“重复率最高的词或概念”很可能就是这个段子的主题（TOPIC）。 3．建议原则 听段子时，要特别注意那些“含有建议含义的词或结构”。因为无论段子还是对话，建议的地方永远做考点。 Multiply: 历年TOEFL听力段子中最常考的建议类结构汇编： 1） You should 2） I suggest / I propose / I recommend 3） proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation 4） had better do sth. / be better off doing sth. 5）How about…? / What about…? 6）Why not…? / Why don’t you…? 7）If I were you, I would…/ I wouldn’t… 8）Would it make things go faster if you…? 9）Maybe / Perhaps you… 10) How does … sound? 4．强调原则 乍听上去，强调原则显得很笼统。其实具体可分为两大类：语义强调和语气、语调强调。 语义强调包括含义强调、解释强调、举例强调、级别强调、结论强调、对比强调等六种。 语气、语调强调包括重音强调、停顿强调、清晰强调等三种。 下面我们就来一一论述，先讲“语义强调的六大分支”。 1）含义强调： 听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上就给我们以震撼或触动的词或结构”。比如：“Especially”一词后面的内容一定是考点，因为它本身就表示“尤其是”，体现了ETS的“求异思想”。再比如：“new theory”周围也一定存在考点，因为这体现了ETS的“求新思想”。有时ETS为强调某事，还特意用一些极其显而易见的表达方式提醒我们，例如：“indeed（真正得）”、“certainly（当然）”、“Just remember （一定要记住）”、“And again.（再说一遍）”、“special feature（特殊的特征）”、“Most importantly（最为重要的是）”、“One thing I should mention（我应该提及的是……）”、“Make / Be sure to…（一定要……）”等等。更多的含义强调词还靠大家自己积累和体会。 2）解释强调： 听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构”。比如：“…,
托福听力高频词汇 1 acrophobia 恐高症 Acro-高;phobia-恐惧 2 affiliate 支部;分会;子公司 3 aperitif 饭前酒 Aperient 泻药 4 appetizer 开胃菜 5 ASAP =as soon as possible 越快越好 6 baggage claim 行李提领处 7 banner 标语;旗帜建筑物禁止(ban贴标语 8 bill of lading 提货单( 9 billiards 台球,撞球 Billion和Milliard都是“十亿”的意思 10 boarding pass 登机牌 11 bond 债券 12 brainstorm 脑力激荡,集思广益 13 brochure 小册子Broke+“袖”,把袖子剪破就可以放小册子 14 buckle up 系安全带 15 buffet 自助餐
16 burglar 窃贼;夜间入屋行窃的小偷 Burgle-“不够”,盗贼永远都不会满足 17 buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权;收购全部 18 checkout 结帐退房的时间 check out 办理退房;结帐离开 19 chef 主厨;大厨注意读音有点像“学府”,现在连厨师都要学历 20 choreography 舞蹈设计;编舞 Chore 家务,芙蓉姐姐表演过个干家务活舞蹈 21 circular 广告;传单;通告传单到处发太浪费,应该循环利用(circulate 22 commitment 承诺;许诺( 23 concierge 管理员;门房“看戏碍着”,去看戏忘了带票,被看门的拦着 24 consignee 收件人;受托人 25 contagious 接触传染的 26 contractor 立契约人;承包商 27 convertible 敞篷车,可改变的 28 conveyance 运输;交通工具 Convey 搬运,传达 29 cost-effective 符合成本效益的 30 courier 递送急件的信差;邮物专递公司 Carrier 邮递员 31 crash landing 迫降
听力训练：托福考试听力真题100个短语 1 a change of pace 节奏变换 You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace. 2 a far cry from 相距甚远 The published book is far cry from the early manuscript. 3 and how 的确 A: She’s a good dancer. B: and how. 4 a matter of time 时间问题 It is only a matter of time. 5 a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。 If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away. 6 a while back 不久以前 7 all along 一直 I knew it all along. 8 anything but 绝对不 I was anything but happy about going.
9 account for 解释 How do you account for it? 10 after all 到底 A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine, B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all. 11 allergic to 对|……过敏 Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something. 12 at sb’s service 愿为某人服务 I am at your service at any time. 13 around the clock 24小时不停 Martha studied around the clock for management exam. 14 as far as I know 就我所知 15 at home with 对…..很熟悉 She is at home with problems like this. 16 back out 1) 退出 A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight? B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute
part 1. 天文类 1 astronomy 天文 astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石
托福听力十大黄金原则 第一节TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则我深信，这十大原则不仅适用于TOEFL听力的段子，也适用于其它比如IELTS，四、六级，考研等考试的听力段子。可以说：一次学会，一劳永逸。 1．听见什么，选什么原则该原则为“TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则”之首，因为其它九大原则都建立在它的基础之上。 2．重复原则听段子时，要特别注意那些“重复率高的词或概念”。因为重复率高的东西容易引起我们听者的注意。毕竟托福的测试对象是我们这些把英语作为第二语言的人，所以ETS的考点也只能是那些对我们而言，通过努力能听懂的地方。Bonus: 段子中“重复率最高的词或概念”很可能就是这个段子的主题（TOPIC）。 3．建议原则听段子时，要特别注意那些“含有建议含义的词或结构”。因为无论段子还是对话，建议的地方永远做考点。Multiply: 历年TOEFL听力段子中最常考的建议类结构汇编：1）You should 2）I suggest / I propose / I recommend 3）proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation 4）had better do sth. / be better off doing sth. 5）How about…? / What about…? 6）Why not…? / Why don’t you…? 7）If I were you, I would…/ I wouldn’t… 8）Would it make things go faster if you…? 9）Maybe / Perhaps you… 10) How does … sound? 4．强调原则乍听上去，强调原则显得很笼统。其实具体可分为两大类：语义强调和语气、语调强调。语义强调包括含义强调、解释强调、举例强调、级别强调、结论强调、对比强调等六种。语气、语调强调包括重音强调、停顿强调、清晰强调等三种。下面我们就来一一论述，先讲“语义强调的六大分支”。 1）含义强调：第一节TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上就给我们以震撼或触动的词或结构”。比如：“Especially”一词后面的内容一定是考点，因为它本身就表示“尤其是”，体现了ETS的“求异思想”。再比如：“new theory”周围也一定存在考点，因为这体现了ETS的“求新思想”。有时ETS为强调某事，还特意用一些极其显而易见的表达方式提醒我们，例如：“indeed（真正得）”、“certainly（当然）”、“Just remember（一定要记住）”、“And again.（再说一遍）”、“special feature（特殊的特征）”、“Most importantly（最为重要的是）”、“One thing I should mention（我应该提及的是……）”、“Make / Be sure to…（一定要……）”等等。更多的含义强调词还靠大家自己积累和体会。 2）解释强调：听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构”。比如：“…, which is / that is…（那就是说……）”显然，“which is / that is…”引导的定语从句是ETS为防止我们考生听不懂前面的内容（生僻的词或概念），而特意添加上去，用来进一步加以解释的。所以这种解释性的定语从句理所当然就成了强调考点所在的重要标志。类似的结构如“What I mean is…”、“All that means is…”等等不胜枚举。 3）举例强调：听段子时，要特别注意那些“带有举例或列举性质的词或结构”。比如：“for example…（例如……）”因为例子总比道理简单易懂得多。ETS清楚地知道：考生明白了后面的举例，自然也就理解了前面的概念，然后再考前面的概念也就顺理成章了。这点显然跟解释原则类似。所以这种举例或列举式的结
托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理托福听力尤其是对话类素材因为是对话形式，因此其内容的语速往往较快，许多时候考生还没来得及记下关键信息对话就已经过去了。下面就和大家分享托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理托福听力对话类conversation12个出题点汇总1. 开头提到的原因必考，结尾提到的建议必考。必须记笔记，知道问题发生的原因和最后的解决方案是什么。2. 开头提到的本次主题必考。即是到底要去解决什么问题!通常坐落于原因现状提出之后。3. 重复两次的地方必考。也就是同一个问题讨论两次的点。4. 强调句型，多引出分论点，是考点。It is that……; This is the first time……; One thing important is that……等等。5. 针对上下文明显的肯定或者否定的回答，通常用副词做表态：exactly; absolutely;definitely; It’s a good question等等，这些表达后面跟的内容都是必考的。6. 对话段子中主论点伴随有定义或者举例的部分，必考(通常考配对表格题)。7. 难点的解释说明部分，也就是同位语表达，必考，通常是提出一个新的概念(核心概念)。8. 对话段子中引用的之前或者其他观点必考。比如：It was commonly accepted that…… 这些以前的观点也是很重要的，用以反照出现在的状况。9. 形容词和副词最高级后面的点非常重要。10. 一定注意教授跑题的内容，这是话题的转移，如突然转到布置作业等。这些都是非常重要的第二部分内容笔记。11. 教授对学生的警告或建议必考。12. 一定注
（二）对话地点题head for 去哪 At/ on/ in/ to+someplace 高频地点：restaurant,hotel,airport（如果地点题中有其一词出现则必选） （三）人物、职业关系题 (1)人物职业题。 高频职业：secretary秘书，receptionist前台服务员，waitress女服务生，airline hostess空姐，tour guide导游 (2)人物关系 高频关系：医患关系，老板职员（职员staff），亲属关系（多考双胞胎，母子），服务女与顾客（waitress-customer，passenger-airline hostess,tourist-tour guide) （四）动作题以动词（do,to do,doing）开头 (1)情态动作类情态词+动（could,must,have to,had better,would） (2)时间动作类（now,right now）现在进行时，在强调某一个动作（考点！） (3)建议动作类（why not...,how about doing...,what about doing,if i were you...,why do...<意为该动作do的否定意义>） （五）细节题，抓首末的细节 （六）意义解释题：重读出考点！ 三、高频六大场景 （一）library场景 1.申请场景apply v. Application (申请n.) form 申请, application letter/ the letter of application 申请信，cancel 取消，reapply再申请 2.查询check out：you can check those by index(索引). 【thumb拇指，index finger食指，middle finger中指，ring finger无名指，little finger小指】 3.借阅：book，magazine，issue期刊、案件（重大而难以解决的问题）back issue过期刊物，current issue现刊，journal(ist)专业期刊（记者），peri'odical（半）月刊，cas'sette=tape item
托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧 今天给大家带来了托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力备考之笔记的十大技巧 与其他英语水平考试的不同点就在于，托福的听力考试是提前看不到任何听力题目或文本的，这时我们就不可能依靠提前审题和划出关键信息去预判考点答案了。且在每篇音频材料时长都超过4分钟有时甚至长达6分钟时我们不能仅仅依靠记忆来把所有的关键信息记下来，毕竟内容量太大，预先也不知道题目到底考的是哪个细节。所以托福听力中，笔记不仅是必要的而且还是必需的。今天我们就来跟大家一起分享一下托福听力的10大笔记技巧。 1.主要内容原则 我们在听conversation和lecture时，常常会在开头几句话听到这样的句子“professor，I need to talk to you about some problems I came across about….. ””Today, our topic is …..”这一类的句子，我们称之为主旨句，往往在这些句子之后全文的主旨都会直白的说出来，而主旨题几乎是每篇*的必考(且会是每篇*
音频结束后的题)，那么我们在听到这些句子时就要明白，后面要说出来的这句话笔记上必须要记下来。 2.重要细节原则 在我们听力过程中，*都是有(上一点)我们需要记录的主旨的，全文也是就这样的话题来展开。这时，音频中的某个部分突然提到了另一个看似不相关的object，这个object的突然出现在便是重要的细节点。它或许是要与主旨内容相对比、衬托、强调等;具体的作用会在后面提到。我们要做的就是，听到与主旨物并不相关的细节物品时，把它(和后面的描述)记下来。这一部分在细节题的题目中常会考到。 3.重复原则 顾名思义，同样一件事情或物品，在描述了次之后，还会再提一次，再说明一次;在这时，我们要明白，通过“重复”这件事描述者其实就是在暗示它的重要性，所以音频中出现的重复率较高的内容点需要仔细记录。 4.强调原则 音频中若出现“please payattention to this…”(直接强调)，”in particular”(递进式的强调)等相同性质的句子，其实是在通过强调来吸引听者的注意，否则完全可以平铺直叙不需要强调它。这时我们需要明白其后面要描述的内容点笔记重要应当加以记录。
老托福听力93篇(33-34)-Today I want to talk about 33 Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time. 【生词摘录】 1. climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的 2. ice age: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代 3. consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc(信仰、行为、态度、品质等)一贯的，一致的;始终如一的 4. disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰;使中断 5. radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射(光或热);(向四面八方)发射 6. crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的 7. approximation: n. [C]a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值 8. hypothesis: n. [C]plural hypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说 9. speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测 10. disperse: v. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads over a wide area(使)消散;(使)分散 11. cooling: n.[U]the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却 34 I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in the springs. It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quickly
听力十大必背xx 1.文科xx： 艺术类音乐 2.理科xx： 天文学 In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000years ago;the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not.Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses,the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical,It the earth was a flat disc,then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse.The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south,in the more northerly regions,the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth,a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000stadium,that's the plural of the world stadium.Today,it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents,but let's say it was about 200meters,the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented. 3.文科xx： 文学名著
英语六级考试听力高频词汇be up to ones’ears - be extremely busy以下30个词汇都是我的老师精心整理出来的，都是常出现于大学英语六级考试听力题里的高频词汇，希望能对大家的英语学习有所帮助，谢谢大家的支持，希望大家多多提出宝贵意见，以便于我们一起更好的交流与进步。 以下单词均有多种含义，给出的只是最为常见的，未做标注的即为依具体语境而定。 1.schedule 时间表 2.skip 跳，略过 3.make sense 讲得通，有意义 4.fall shorts of one's expectation 出呼某人的意料 5.cater to 迎合，款待 6.supervisor 监督者，管理者 7.speak highly of 评价高 8.a million things to do 许多事情要做 9.discount 折扣 10.coundn't have played worse/couldn't agree more 玩得不能再差一点了/不能再多同意一点了 11.I understand the way you feel 我了解你的感受 12.go in one ear and out the other 一个耳朵听另一个耳朵冒出来 13.distractions 分心
14.I wish I could help 但愿我能帮助 15.submit 屈从，忍受 16.staff/stuff n. 全体职员vt. 为... 配备人员/材料 17.register 登记，注册 18.deadline 最后期限 19.benefit 受益 20.Are you kidding 你在开玩笑吗 21.credit 信用，信誉 22.otherwise 否则 23.budget your money 预算开支 24.put in(a lot hours 花费，支出 25.it's up to you 取决于你，由你决定 26.deserve(honor 应受，应得，值得 27.maintenance man 维修工 28.stack of papers 很多文件 29.out of the way(remote 30.do with/do without 大学英语六级考试听力易听混的151对词组 1 quite 相当 quiet 安静地 2 affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响
托福听力中你会遇到的10大难题 托福听力是托福考试中的考试大项，除了阅读之外都和听力有关。那么对于托福考生来说，有哪些问题需要考生注意的呢? 1. 听不清 “听不清”是很多同学开始练习听力时面临的问题，突出表现是听到单词或短语反应不出来。听力考试考察的是单词的听觉形象，所以重要的是单词的发音，意思，而不是单词的拼写。最好从一开始就养成大声朗读英文的习惯，具体而言：短单词注意读准(元音要发得饱满，辅音要发得到位，易混音注意区分)，多音节单词要注意重音的位置，短语要注意是否包含连读和失爆等语音现象。 让我们试着读读下列单词： stratigraphy，seismology，planetarium，thermodynamics (长单词重音) inside out, run out of gas (连读)，upside down, turned down (失爆)，toss and turn (连读+失爆) 2. 听得断断续续 “听得断断续续”突出的表现是句子只能接收到个别单词的意思，无法抓住重点。听段落只记得个别句子，无法抓住主题。这个现象主要由2个原因导致，1 听力长句断句有问题，抓不住意群2 听的材料过短 让我们读一下下面两个长句，试试断句 1. What is interesting is that studies have been done that suggest that the animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it displays。. 2. One of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flower that humming birds feed on。 听力专业段落中有很多这样的长句，我们可以在做完题之后，挑选一些长句，做做断句练习，看看这个长句可以停顿几次，在哪几个单词后停顿，哪几个单词构成一个完整的意群。托福[微博]听力和阅读练习的一大重点都是长难句的理解。 另外，随着听力段落长度的不断增加，也能有效地帮助我们慢慢地适应从句子层面而不是单个单词层面去理解它 3. 听清楚了，但没明白
托福听力五大题型备考建议 本文介绍了新托福听力部分中六大题型的答题技巧，以及考生在备考中应该采取的复习方法和时间安排。这五种题型分别是：主旨题、功能/目的题、细节题、态度/推断和排序题。 （一）托福听力五大题型备考建议： 所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”，知己知彼，才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分，不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时，乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时，也一定要将ETS 的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨！在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项； 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力（connecting information）。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥；第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。 4、态度/ 推断 对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测；而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。 推断题把握一条原则：正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。
paragraph ['p?r?ɡrɑ:f] n.段落vt.将…分段 follow ['f?l?u] v.跟随,接着,沿着,遵循 increase [in'kri:s] n./v.增加,增长,提高 begin [b?'ɡ?n] v.开始,着手 period ['pi?ri?d] n.一段时间,时期,周期 human ['hju:m?n] n.人,人类 species ['spi:?i:z] n.种类,物种 information [?inf?'mei∫?n] n.信息,消息,通知 small [sm?:l] a.小的,少的 different ['dif?r?nt] a.不同的,个别的 during ['dju?ri?] prep.在...的期间, 在…的时候 refer [ri'f?:] v.提及,把…归因于,求助于,查阅 answer ['ɑ:ns?] n.答案.v.回答,响应 surface ['s?:fis] n.表面.v.浮现,对...进行表面处理adj. 肤浅的live [liv] /[laiv] v.活着,居住.a.活的,直播的[laiv] idea [ai'di?] n.想法,思想,概念 part [pɑ:t] n.部分,角色,零件.v.分开,分离 land [l?nd] n.陆地,国土.v.靠岸,着陆 development [di'vel?pm?nt] n.发展,研制,新社区,开发 up [?p] ad./a.向上(的).prep.沿…往上n.上升,繁荣grow [ɡr?u] v.生长,成长,种植,发展 support [s?'p?:t] vt./n.支持,支撑,供养 take [teik] v.拿,取,带,接受,吃 number ['n?mb?] n.数(字).v.遍号码,计算 material [m?'t??r??l] n.材料,原料.a.物质的,重要的 product ['pr?d?kt] n.产品,产物.n.乘积 her [h?:;?:?h?,?] pron.她(的) often ['?(:)fn,'?:ft?n] ad.常常,经常 through [θru:] prep.穿过,凭借.ad./a.自始至终 place [pleis] n.地方.vt.放置,任命.n.名次 develop [di'vel?p] v.发展,制订,开发 sea [si:] n.海,海域 body ['b?di] n.身体,主体 child [t∫aild] n.孩子,产物 world [w?:ld] n.世界,界,领域 show [∫?u] v.证明,显现,说明.n.表演 1