2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识
第1讲动词的时态与语态
1．He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he________.(2017·江苏，27)
A．was being followed B．was following
C．had been followed D．followed
答案 A
解析句意为：他匆忙回家了，一次也没有回头看看他是否正被跟踪。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。
2．He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江苏，31)
A．hasn’t qualified B．hadn’t qualified
C．doesn’t qualify D．wasn’t qualifying
答案 C
解析句意为：他已被告知，因为他的学术背景，他没有获得奖学金的资格。本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词，表示“有资格，有权利”，此处并不表示延续性的动作，而是说明“他没有资格”这一实际情况，因此用一般现在时的否定式doesn’t qualify。3．—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京，24)
A．Did you call B．Have you called
C．Will you call D．Were you calling
答案 A
解析句意为：——昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗？——打过了，他们对我们的产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用一般过去时。D项是过去进行时，与语境不符。
4．In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京，29)
A．haven’t invented
B．haven’t been invented
C．hadn’t invented
D．hadn’t been invented
答案 D
解析句意为：在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话，那时无线电话还没有被发明出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说的是过去发生的事情，又由yet可知，要用完成时，故空格处用过去完成时；又因phones与invent之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合可知，选D项。
5．People ________ better access to health care than they used to，and they’re living longer as a result.(2017·北京，33)
A．will have B．have
C．had D．had had
答案 B
解析句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，因此人们更长寿了。句子说的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时，选B项。have access to有权使用，有机会接近。
6．I_______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017·天津，8) A．was driving B．have driven
C．would drive D．drove
答案 A
解析句意为：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing...when...是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时……”。
7．More efforts，as reported，________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江苏，22)
A．are made B．will be made
C．are being made D．have been made
答案 B
解析句意为：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。
8．Dashan，who ________ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016·江苏，29)
A．will be learning B．is learning
C．had been learning D．has been learning
答案 D
解析句意为：大山已经学习相声——中国传统喜剧形式——数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。根据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)的动作，故此处要用现在完成进行时。
9．Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京，21)
A．works B．has worked
C．was working D．would work
答案 C
解析句意为：杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。be doing...when...(某人)正在做某事，这时……，是固定句式。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻，故用过去进行时，选C。
10．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016·北京，30)
A．rewarded B．were rewarded
C．will reward D．will be rewarded
答案 D
解析句意为：学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知，reward 这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用将来时态；efforts和reward之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
11．When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ____ for years.(2016·天津，3)
A．didn’t see B．haven’t seen
C．hadn’t seen D．wouldn’t see
答案 C
解析句意为：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在came across之前，且for years是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn’t seen。
12．—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.(2016·北京，23)
A．waited B．wait
C．would be waiting D．have been waiting
答案 D
解析句意为：——请问，你们在等哪场电影？——新的《星球大战》，我们在这儿已经等了两个多小时了。由句中时间状语“for more than two hours”可知，动作从过去延续到现在，并对现在产生了直接影响，且动作还可能继续，故用现在完成进行时。故选D。
13．I ________ half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016·北京，25) A．read B．have read
C．am reading D．will read
答案 B
解析句意为：我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响，故用现在完成时。14．The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江苏，30)
A．were B．will be
C．have been D．had been
答案 A
解析句意为：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故选A项。
15．—Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I ________ him later.(2015·北京，30)
A．will call B．have called
C．call D．will be calling
答案 A
解析句意为：——Jackson博士现在不在他的办公室里。——好的。过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时，故选A。
16．Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.(2015·天津，6)
A．will teach B．would teach
C．has taught D．will be teaching
答案 D
解析句意为：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为那时她将在授课。时间状语at that time 指的是前面的at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示将来某个时刻正在做某事，要用将来进行时。17．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement________ so far by the two sides.
(2015·天津，9) A．has been reached B．was reached
C．will reach D．will have reached
答案 A
解析句意为：尽管之前进行了多轮会谈，但到目前为止双方还没达成任何协议。根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时，主语agreement与动词reach之间为被动关系，故要用现在完成时的被动形式。
18．Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he ________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.(2015·浙江，8)
A．has been B．had been
C．was going to be D．was
答案 C
解析句意为：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦生于1879年。孩提时，很少有人会猜想到他能成为其理论会改变世界的著名科学家。由语境可知，此处指在爱因斯坦小时候人们所猜想的，表示“从过去看将来会发生的事情”，要用过去将来时态，用would/should do，was/were to do或者was/were going to do表示，故C项正确。
19．That’s why I help brighten people’s days.If you ________，who’s to say that another
person will？(2015·湖南，35)
A．didn’t B．don’t
C．weren’t D．haven’t
答案 B
解析句意为：那就是为什么我要帮助人们使他们天天心情愉快。如果你不那样做的话，谁能说另一个人会那样做呢？本句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句中需用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
20．To my delight，I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015·福建，26)
A．was chosen B．was being chosen
C．would choose D．had chosen
答案 A
解析句意为：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。
一、几种易混的动词时态的比较
1．一般过去时和现在完成时的比较
(1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作时，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果；而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。
She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.
她打扫了房间。现在非常干净。
此句中的has cleaned就不能改为cleaned，因为clean这一动作的结果仍与现状有关。
(2)汉语中的“了”“过”“曾”等词常用完成时来表达，
I have seen that film.
我看过那部电影了。
但是如果是在过去的特定时间“看了”或“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去时来表达。
—When did you see that film?
—I saw it yesterday.
——你什么时候看了那部电影？
——我昨天看的。
2．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性，还可表示动作的重复。
Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.
莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年里至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。
—Hi，Tracy，you look tired.
—I am tired.I have been painting the living room all day.
——嗨，特雷西，你看起来很累。
——我累了。我一整天都在粉刷客厅。
3．现在进行时和过去进行时的比较
现在进行时描述现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事；过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，两者选取的时间参考点不同。
—Hey，look where you are going!
—Oh，I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.
——嘿，看你往哪儿走的！
——哦，真对不起。我没注意到。
由语境可知，第一句描述正在发生的事情，故用现在进行时；答话者在对方提醒下才注意到自己的过失，也就是之前一直没有注意到，故用过去进行时。
4．一般过去时和过去进行时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况，是一个已经完成了的、只做一次的动作；过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，是一个尚未完成的动作，可以表示过去反复做的动作。
He was writing a book about China last year，but I don’t know if he has finished it.
他去年在写一本关于中国的书，但我不知道他是否已经完成了。
从“I don’t know if he has finished it”可推断，他去年一直在写，所以用过去进行时。Tom slipped into the house when no one was noticing.
没人注意时，汤姆溜进了屋子。
slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了)，when no one was noticing指他溜进去的一刹那正在发生的情况(没有人注意)。
二、破除思维定式解决时态题
思维定式一：“for＋一段时间”总是与现在完成时连用
“for＋一段时间”用在句子中，只表示动作持续了一段时间，这个动作可能已经结束，也可能在将来某个时间发生，还可表示持续到现在为止。所以“for＋一段时间”并不总是与现在完成时连用。
—Haven’t seen you for ages！Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
——好久没见到你了，你去哪儿了？
——我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教书。
由对话可知，went和stayed是两个发生在过去的动作，并没有持续到现在，故stay要用一般过去时。
思维定式二：“平行结构”中的时态要一致
平行结构往往表示两个或多个发生在同一时间段内的动作，因此动作常常衔接而来，时态要尽量一致(特殊情况除外)。如：
Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected.
手写所有的邀请函比我们预计的更费时。(“预计”这一动作发生在手写邀请函之前，而手写邀请函是一个过去的事实，故“预计”这个动作要用过去完成时态。)
思维定式三：过去的时间状语要与过去的各种时态连用
I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.
那天我本来打算晚些时候去拜访你的，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
根据句意可知，在过去的时间点说将来，如果谓语动词是come，go，leave...，则常用过去进行时表将来。
思维定式四：句子中出现look，hear用现在进行时
句子中出现look，hear以提醒别人注意时，往往这一动作正在进行，但也有例外：—Look！Somebody has cleaned the sofa.
—Well，it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.
——看！有人已经把沙发整理干净了。
——哦，那不是我。我没有做。
从答语可以看出事件已经完成了，故前面一句着重谈对现在的影响，故用现在完成时态。
1．—Hi，Jenny，how are you getting on with your packing?
—I ________ what to take with me.(2017·南京、盐城一模，27)
A．will have decided B．would decide
C．am deciding D．had decided
答案 C
解析句意为：——嗨，珍妮，你的行李收拾得怎么样啦？——我正在决定要带什么呢。根据语境可知，两人之间的对话为现在发生的事情，而珍妮正在决定要带什么行李。结合句意可知本题的时态为现在进行时，故选C项。
2．—Didn’t you talk any with Rice?
—No，the plane ________ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.(2017·南京九中模拟，31) A．was taking B．had taken
C．took D．has taken
答案 B
解析句意为：——你没有和Rice说什么吗？——没有，我赶到机场送她的时候飞机已经起飞了。take off这一动作发生在rush这一动作之前，rush用的过去时，所以take off要用过去的过去，即过去完成时。故选B项。
3．—Have you got the washing machine fixed?
—I paid a lot of money，but still it ________ to work.(2017·南京学情调研，25)
A．fails B．is failing
C．has failed D．had failed
答案 A
解析句意为：——你的洗衣机修好了吗？——我付了很多钱，但是洗衣机仍然无法运转。根据语境可知，洗衣机仍然无法运转为发生在现在的事情，故本题的时态为一般现在时，答案选A。
4．The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ________ admitted.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，26)
A．will get B．get
C．got D．have got
答案 C
解析句意为：我们学校的校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心。根据语境可知，毕业是在将来，而入学是在过去，应用一般过去时，故选C项。
5．I hope when you come tomorrow，you ________ the reading and have something to share.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，34)
A．did B．are doing
C．will be doing D．will have done
答案 D
解析句意为：我希望当你们明天来的时候，你们已经阅读完了，并且有东西分享。根据语境可知，此处在谈论将来的事情，应用将来的时态，排除A、B两项；根据have something to share可知，已经读完才有东西可分享，应用将来完成时，故选D项。
6．When someone ________，it will double his or her chances of being helpful again.
(2017·镇江一模，22) A．thanks B．is thanked
C．was thanked D．thanked
答案 B
解析句意为：当有人被感谢的时候，他或她再次助人的可能性将增加一倍。根据being helpful 可知，一个人在助人为乐后得到感谢会再帮助别人，“得到感谢”应用被动语态，排除A、D两项；根据主句的一般将来时可知，从句应用一般现在时表将来，故选B项。
7．—It’s a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops?
—At the back.We ________ them by 7 pm this evening.(2017·镇江期末，29)
A．are placing B．have placed
C．will be placing D．will have placed
答案 D
解析句意为：——这简直是一团糟。厨房桌子的桌面在哪里？——在后面。我们今晚七点前会将它们摆放好。根据时间状语by 7 pm this evening可知本题的时态为将来完成时，故选D。
8．I’m afraid the teacher will blame you for you’ve failed to do what you ________ to.
(2017·南通如皋联考，5)
A．will expect B．will be expected
C．expected D．were expected
答案 D
解析句意为：恐怕老师会因为你没能做到所期望的事而责备你。根据句意可知，你是被老师期望做某事，应用被动语态；根据you’ve failed可知，被期望的事发生在过去，应用一般过去式，故选D项。
9．When he ________ the bill in the restaurant，he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(2017·南通一调，29)
A．paid B．would be paying
C．was to pay D．had paid
答案 C
解析句意为：当他在餐馆里要付钱的时候，他突然意识到他把钱包落在车里了。根据语境可知，他打算付钱，be to do可以表示即刻的将来，且能用在时间状语从句中。本题讲述的是过去的事情，应用was to do，表示过去打算做某事，故选C项。
10．—Where is Gary?
—He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact，he ________ for the test every day over the past week.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，24)
A．has reviewed B．was reviewing
C．has been reviewing D．had been reviewing
答案 C
解析句意为：——Gary在哪里？——他在图书馆为周三的德语考试学习呢。事实上在过去的一周他每天都在为考试复习。时间状语over the past week常和完成时态连用，根据语境可知，Gary过去一周一直在学习，即动作从过去开始，延续到现在，现在还在进行中，应用现在完成进行时，故选C项。
11．—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.
—I’m glad we ________ them in the years ahead.(2017·苏北六市联考，30)
A．will be operating B．have been operating
C．would be operating D．had been operating
答案 A
解析句意为：——新机器已经到了，正在车间里被测试。——我很高兴在今后的几年里可
以操作它们。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，操作机器应发生在将来，故选A项。12．It is almost always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.(2017·苏州调研，25)
A．commits B．commit
C．committed D．will commit
答案 C
解析句意为：情况几乎总是这样的：警察进行调查并且查看证据，而证据可能暗示是谁犯了罪。根据句意可知，谁犯了罪是发生在警察进行调查并且查看证据之前的事情。由conduct an investigation and look at the evidence的一般现在时可知空处的时态为一般过去时，故选C项。13．Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards，people’s consumption patterns ________ in the last few years.(2017·苏北四市一调，21)
A．changed B．change
C．had changed D．have changed
答案 D
解析句意为：由于城市化的加速和生活水平的提高，在过去的几年中人们的消费模式发生了变化。根据时间状语in the last few years可知，变化发生在过去的几年里，即从几年前到现在，符合现在完成时的使用语境，故选D项。
14．—Guess what？I met Mark at the party.
—If my memory serves me correctly，you two ________ each other for almost ten years.(2017·南通如皋联考，6)
A．haven’t seen B．hadn’t seen
C．didn’t see D．don’t see
答案 B
解析句意为：——你猜怎么着？我在聚会上遇到了Mark。——如果我没记错的话，你们俩差不多10年没见面了。两人差不多10年没见面是发生在I met Mark at the party之前的事，也就是发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故选B项。
15．—Why are you so upset，Mary?
—My boss ________ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.(2017·南通一模，22) A．always finds B．is always finding
C．has always found D．always found
答案 B
解析句意为：——Mary，你为什么这么沮丧啊？——我老板总是挑我的毛病。他没有你想的那么友善。be always doing sth.总是做某事，带有感情色彩，或喜欢或讨厌，符合语境，故选B项。
16．—Go for a drink together?
—Fine.I ________ how to spend the rest of the night.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，31) A．wonder B．had wondered
C．was wondering D．have wondered
答案 C
解析句意为：——一起去喝一杯？——好啊，我刚才正在想如何来度过今晚余下的时光呢。过去进行时可表示说话者在说这句话之前正在做的事情，还可以表示一种礼貌，符合交际用语的特点，故选C项。
17．New energy vehicle-sharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China’s sharing economy in the next few years.(2017·连云港、徐州、宿迁三模，27)
A．are to carry out
B．are being carried out
C．were carried out
D．will have been carried out
答案 B
解析句意为：为了在未来几年为我国的分享经济注入发展动力，新能源汽车共享项目正在多个城市展开。根据句意可知，项目现在正在被开展，故选B项。
18．—I hope you’ll make good efforts while I’m away.
—Be assured！You’ll be amazed at what ________ accomplished when you get back.
(2016·南通三模，25) A．will have been B．has been
C．was D．would be
答案 A
解析句意为：——我希望我不在的时候你能够好好努力。——请放心！当你回来的时候，你会对我完成的事情感到吃惊。本题中when you get back是用一般现在时表示将来，那么get back 是发生在将来的动作，根据语境可知，当你回来的时候我已经完成了，故应用将来完成时。
19．—Tom，you look worried.Anything I can do for you?
—I ________ if you could give me a three-day leave to look after my baby in hospital.
(2016·南通、扬州、泰州调研，35) A．had wondered B．was wondering
C．would wonder D．have wondered
答案 B
解析句意为：——汤姆，你看起来很担心，需要我为你做些什么吗？——我刚才正在想你能否给我三天假来照顾我住院的小孩。这是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知，我刚才正在考虑这件事，符合交际用语的特点，故B正确。
20．When you visit our town next August，a modern sports center ________，for the National Games are to be held then.
A．will be constructing
B．has been constructing
C．will have been constructed
D．is being constructed
答案 C
解析句意为：到明年八月份你来参观我们镇的时候，一个现代化的体育中心将已经完工，因为全国运动会将在那时举行。根据时间状语next August可知construct应该在将来；另外到那个时候将举行全国运动会，体育中心应该已经完工，应用将来完成时的被动结构，故选C项。
高考中需要掌握的各种时态的分析： 一般现在时： 构成： 谓语动词：do/does 系动词：be~is/am/are 被动语态：am/is/are+done 何为现在？ 无论过去，现在，还是将来，只要跟现在搭上边，统统都是现在。所以一般过去时和他就没有任何的关系。 一般现在：等于常态 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征。 经常性或习惯性的动作。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作。（时刻表） 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征 This machine does not work. It has not worked for years. 这台机器不工作了。它已经不工作好几年了。 经常性或习惯性的动作 I do all the cooking for my family. 我们家所有的烹饪都是我来做。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作 Look at the Timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 你看看时刻表。抓紧点，4026号航班6:20就起飞了。 一般过去等于讲故事 奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或发生。
何为过去？ 只能发生或存在于过去，不能跟现在产生任何关系。如果跟现在产生联系的话，那么它的概念就应该是现在时而不是过去。 构成： 谓语动词：did 被动语态：was/were+done George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't. 乔治说他第二天会到学校来看我，但是他没来。 现在完成：用过去的事说现在。 构成： 谓语动词～Have done/Has done 系动词～ Have been /Has been 被动语态～Have been done/Has been done 我们用以下两种方式来说明： 第一：如果一个动作到现在为止，他已经结束了，那么这个动作一定是发生在过去。 第二：如果这个动作在过去发生的某一段时间之内，就结束了，他的动作没有延续到现在，但是它的影响是持续到现在的，于是与现在产生了关联，那就是说这是过去的动作对现在造成了影响。 从以上的描述我们可以总结出关于完成时态的两个要点： 过去的动作对现在造成了影响 过去的动作持续到现在 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例如：Look！Somebody has cleaned the sofa. Well,it wasn't me,I didn't do it. 看，有人把沙发清洗了。 嗯，不是我弄的，我没做这件事。 过去的动作或状态持续到现在 I remember you were a talented pianist in college.Can you play the piano for me? Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years. 我记得你上大学的时候特别有钢琴天赋。你能为我演奏钢琴吗？
动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 1 （200 2 全国高考题）—You haven ' t said a word about my new c，oaBt renda.Do you like it? —I ' m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it s pretty on A. wasn ' t saying B.don ' t say C.won' t say D.didn ' t say 2. ______________________________________ （2002全国高考题）I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn ' t written B.doesn 't write C.won' t write D.hadn ' t written 3. （2003北京春季高考题）—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ______ the training course. A. will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4. ____________________________________ （2003北京春季高考题）—How long at this job? —Since 1990. A. were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5. __________________________________________________________________ （2003上海春 季高考题）By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _________________ in Beijing. A. ________________________________ would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6. ________________________________ （2002北京高考题）The little girl _ her heart out because she _______________________ her toy bear and believed she wasn ' t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7. （2002北京高考题）—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I _______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8. ______ （2002上海高考题）He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9. ____________________________________________ （2002上海高考题）I feel it is your husband who __________________________________ for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10. _____________________________________________________________ He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still __________________________ . A.has been B.does C.has D.is
2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]
高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态 Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998
高考英语语法复习专题：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用 动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一 个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 . every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.
动词时态和语态练习题 1. We _____ with you for the time being. A. will stay B. will be staying C. would stay D. have stayed 2. —Who sings best in your class? —Mary _____. A. is B. does C. do D. sing 3. She _____ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _____ you _____ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done 5. It was not long before the water _____ cold. A. is feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling 6. I _____ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _____ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _____ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _____ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 9. She ___?_ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 10. It _____ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. I _____ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 12. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _____. A. had begun B. began C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _____ me an English-Chinese dictionary.
时态语态 （一）时态 一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning. 2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east. 3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football. 4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging. 5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad. 6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 . 注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the bus. 一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy. 2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now. 3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do” 一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week. 2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. 3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening. 注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用） 现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now. 2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism. 3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives. 4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. 5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to 过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday. 2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg: Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. 3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. 注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come. 注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式 现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished my homework. 2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught English for 15 years. 3.到目前为止的一段时间内，多少次或第几次做某事eg: He’s been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4.将来某时将要做完的动作（仅限于时间和条件状语从句）eg: Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 5.发生在过去的，但已成为现在的经历或经验eg: We’ve all played with snow and ice.注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用。“in the pass/ last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。 have gone to 表示人在去所指地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to表示人曾到过所指的地方，但现在不在所指地方。 过去完成时表示：1.过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况eg: Marx had learned some English before he came to London. 2.过去某动作前已发生的另一动作eg: The train had left when I got to the station. 3.始于过去持续至过去灵异事件，也许仍将延续下来的动作eg: He said he had been in the Party for 10 years. 4.过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望（只限于 think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose, wish, want等动词）eg: I had planned to see you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。 Before，after 本身“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如“He (had) left before I arrived” （二）被动语态 1.被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主动的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：
高考英语——动词的时态和语态（专项练习题） 单句语法填空 1．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ (divide) us. 2．Silk ________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 3．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest. 4．More efforts，as reported，________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform. 5．Dashan，who ________ (learn)crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition. 6．When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ (see) for years. 7．Two years ago，while Cathy ________ (watch) the Olympics，a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer. 8．Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 9.I ________(read)half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 10．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward)success in the end. 11．—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ (wait)here for more than two hours. 12．Secret codes keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information ________ (send)by computer. 13．People in this area are in fact French citizens because it________(be) a colony of the French Republic since 1946.
课题 :动词的时态语态 2011年高考真题 1. Planning so far ahead _____ no sense— so many things will have changed by next year. (全国 I. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made 2. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite. (全国卷 I A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be 3. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there. (全国卷 I A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 4. Experiments of this kind _____in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 5. Tom __________ in the library every night over the last three months. (北京卷 A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 6. - Bob has gone to California. - Oh, can you tell me when he _________?(北京卷 A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving 7. ----That must have been a long trip. ---Yeah, it __________ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking 8. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later. (上海卷 A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 9. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? (上海卷
动词时态和语态 河北定兴中学张春青 简介：本资料共分两部分，第一部分是2007年高考题目，第二部分是2003—2006年题目 共164题。附答案 一、2007高考题目 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She ______TV with me in my home then.