1 SHIPOWNERS/DISPONENT OWNER
船东二船东
2CHARTERERS
承租人
3 PERFORMING
运营船舶
4 CARGO AND CARGO QUANTITY-40000MT OF IRON IN BULK
货物以及货物数量：4000公吨散装铁矿砂
5 LOADING PORTS 1SBP HALDIA AND 1SBP PARADIP,EC INDIA
印度东海岸霍尔迪亚的一个安全港口泊位和巴拉迪布的一个安全港口泊位
6 DISCHARGE PORT 1SBP ZHANGJIANG,CHINA
卸货港：中国湛江的一个安全港口泊位
7 LAYCAN O1/08 JANUARY 2006
受载期限：2006年2月1号
8 LOADING/DISCHARGE RATE:
LOADINRRGE 10000 MT PWWD OF 24 CONSECUTIVE HOURS SHINC
装卸效率：霍尔刚装货效率为每个全天工作日6000公吨，包括周日和节假日
10 FREIGHT:USD.14.50 PMT FIOT BSS2/1
运价：每吨14。5美元船方不负责装卸和理舱费，基于2个装货港和一个卸货港
11 FREIGHT PAYMENT FULL FREIGHT UPON DUCUCTION OF 3.%75COMMISSION TOBE PAID IN US CURRENCY TO OWNERS NOMINATED BANK ACCOUNT WITHIN SEVEN BANKING DAYS ACOL AND S/R CLEAN ON BOARD FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER C/P OR CHOPT FREIGHT COLLECT BILLS OF LADING,BUT ALWAYS BBB.PAYMENT TO BE BY D/P TO CHT BANK OR OTHERS AS ARRANGED OCEAN FREIGHT TO BE DEEMED FULLY EARNED UPON SHIPMENT ,DISCONTLESS AND NON-RETURNABLE,WEATHER VESSEL AND CARGO LOST OR NOT LOST.
运费支付：总运费扣除3.75%的佣金后其余以美元形式在装货之后的7个银行工作日内存入船东指定的银行账户内，并签署“清洁提单”“运费根据租船合同支付“或由承租人选择的”运费到付“装船提单，以上都应在卸货前完成。货款应至承租人指定银行或者其他安排远洋运输的人，所得到的运费无折扣无退还，无论是船和货物是否丢失损坏。
12 DEMURRAGE/DESPATCH-DEMURRAGE/DESPATCH USD./DHD PDPR LTSBE NON-REVISIBLE DEMURRAGE/DESPATCH TO BE SETTLED AGAINST FAXED
NOR/SOF/TIME SHEETS WITHIN 15 RUNNING DAYS AFTER COMPLETION OF DISCHARGE.
滞期费速遣费速遣费（美金），速遣费是滞期费的一半，每日支付不足一天按比例计算，两端所节省的装卸时间不可调剂，速遣费滞期费，根据传真过来的装卸准备就绪通知书装货事实记录和装卸时间表在卸货结束的15个工作日的结算。
13 PORT AGENTS-CHARTERERS AGENTS AT LOADPORT AND OWNERS AGENTS DISCHAGE PORT.
港口代理：装货港的代理由承租人指定，卸货港的代理由船东指定。
14 SUPPLY OF GRABS SUPPLY OF GRABS AT LOAD/DISCHARGE PORTS TO BE FOR CHARTERERS/SHIPPERS/RECEIVERS ARRANGEMENT AND ACCOUNT.H/EVER SUTITABLE POWER FOR OPEATING THE GRABS TO BE SUPPLIED BY VESSEL.
抓斗的提供：在装卸货港口抓斗的提供和使用由承租人/承运人/收货人来安排和报账，然而，船舶应该提供使用抓斗的动力。
15 DRAFT SURVEY BILL OF LADING QUANTITY TO BE ASCERTAINED BY DRAFT SURVEY CARRIED OUT BY INDEPENDENT SURVEYOR.
吃水测量：提单中货物的数量应该通过吃水测量得到，该检查由独立的检验员完成。
16 INSPECTIONG OF HOLD CONDITION –BEFORE TENDERING NOTICE OF READINESS,ALL CARGO HOLDS SHALL BE PROPERLY AND CAREFULLY THE CLEANED,SWEP.DRIED AND IN ALL RESPECTS READY TO LOAD/RECEIVE THE COUNT UNTIL VESSEL RE-PASS HOLD CONDITION INSPECTION,LAYTIME CEASES TO COUNT UNTIL VESSEL RE-PASS HOLD CONDITION INSPECTION BY INDEPENDENT SURVEYOR AND THE RELEV ANT EXPENSES TO BE FOR OWNERS ACCOUNT.
货舱状况检验：在装卸准备就绪通知书提交之前，所有货舱需要确保合理的认真的清洁，打扫，干燥，并在独立检验人满意下各方面均准备好装运接收合同规定的货物、若船舶未通过货舱状况检查，装卸时间需要停止计算，直到船舶重新通过独立检验人的货舱状况检查，并且相关运费由船东支付。
17 TENDERING OF NOTICE OF READINESS-MASTER SHALL RESPECTIVELY TENDER NOTICE OF READINESS IN WRITING OR BY CABLE/TELEX AT L/D PORT DURING OFFICE HOURS(MONDAY TO FRIDAY 0800C1800HOURS AND
SATURDAY0800C1200HOURS)WIPON WINBON WICCON WIFPON.24HOURS TT AT ALL PORTS BENDS
装卸准备就绪通知书的提交，负责人分别需要通过书面或电报电传方式在装卸港办公期间提交装卸准备就绪通知书，无论在港与否，靠泊与否，海关手续办妥与否，通过检疫与否，装卸港两边的等泊时间总共24小时、。
18 COMMENCEMENT OF LAYTIME-LAYTIME SHALL COMMENCE AT 1300 HOURS IF NOTICE OF READINESS IS GIVEN DURING OFFICE HOURS BEFORE NOON,OR
0800HRS THE NEXT WORKING DAY IF NOTICE OF READINESS IS GIVEN DURING OFFICE HOURS AFTER NOON,UNLESS SONNER COMMENCED .LAYTIME AT L/D PORT SHALL CEASE TO COUNT UPON COMPLETIONG OF LOADING OR DISCHARGE. 装卸时间的起算：若装卸准备就绪通知书在办公期间的正午前提交，则装卸时间从13；00起算，若装卸准备就绪通知书在正午后提交，则装卸时间从下个工作日8:00起算，除非尽快开始装卸，装卸港的装卸货工作完成前不能计算装卸时间。
19 SHIP’S GEARS-VESSEL TO WORK DAY AND NIGHT,IF REQUIRED,AND ALL CARGO GEARS SHALL BE AT CHARTERES SHIPPERS RECEIVERS DIPOSAL IN HOLDS AND ON DECK,FOR NIGHT WORK.IN SPIT OF POSSESSION OF VALID AND UP-DATE CERTIFICATES,OWNERS SHALL ENSURE THAT CAREFULLY AND PROPERLY MAINTAINED IN FULLY WORKABLE CONDITIONSBREAKDOWN OR INSUFFICIENT POWER SUPPLY,HIRE OF FLOATING CRANE COUNT AI LAYTIME OR TIME ON DEMURRAGE.
船舶装卸设备：船舶昼夜工作时，如有需要，所有货物的装卸设备供承租人托运人收货人免费使用。夜间工作时，船舶可免费提供船上，货舱，及甲板上安装的照明设备。尽管持有正式且最新的证书，船东仍需要确保整个合同期间船舶装卸设备要经过仔细且恰当的检修以保证工作状况正常，在由于吊杆故障或劳动力供应不足而导致装
卸设备无法工作的情况下，船东负责租用浮吊并支付费用。这段时间不可计入装卸时间或滞期时间。
20 PORT RESTRICTIONS BENDS IT IS OWNERS LIABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY TO SATISFY THEMSELVES WITH PORT RESTRICTIONS BENDS.
装卸港港口限制：船东有义务和责任遵守装卸两港的港口限制。
21ISM CODE-THROUGHOUT THE CONTRACTED VOYAGE,THE VESSEL AND THE CIMPANY SHALL STRICTLY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ISM CODE.UPON REQUEST OWNERS SHALL PROVIDE A COPY OF RELEVANT DOCUMENTS OF COMPLIANCE AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATE TO CHARTERERS,LOSS,DAMAGE,COMPLY WITH THE ISM CODE SHALL BE FOR OWNERS ACCOUNT.
国际安全管理规则在整个合同期内的航程，船舶以及船舶所有人应该严格的遵守提供的相关文件以及临时安全管理证书给租家，由于船舶所有人没有按照国际安全管理规则作业导致的货物丢失或者损坏延迟将由船东负责。
22 ISPS CLAUSE-BIMCO ISPS CLAUSE TOBE APPLIED
国际船舶和港口设施保安规则以波罗的海国际海运理事会的国际船舶和港口设施保安规则为准则。
23CHARTERERS SHIPPERS SHIPPERS RECEIVERS 75321DATS ORE-ARRIVAK BITUCE AT K/D PORT RESPECTIVE
船东或者船长应该在装卸港分别给租家托运人承运人实际收货人75321天的提前到货通知单。
24 GRAB DISCHARGE-CARGO TO BE LOADED ONTO MAIN HOLDS ONLY NO CARGE TO BE LOADED INTO DEEP TANKS OR OTHER PLACE WHERE NO ACCESSIBLF BY GRAB.OWNERS GUARANTEE THAT ALL CARGO HOLDS ARE WITHOUT OBSTACLES AND BULKHEADS AND VESSEL,IS SYUTAVKE FIR GRAV DISCHARGING.
抓斗卸货，货物只能放置在主要的船舱不能够放置的深舱或者别的抓斗接触不到的范围内船东保证所有货物舱没有障碍或者舱壁并且船舶适合用抓斗卸货。
25RELEASE OF CARGO AT DISPORT IF ORIGINAL BILLS OF LADING ARE NOT AVAILABLE UPON VESSELS ARRIVAL AT DISCHARGE PORT OWNERS MASTER SHALL DISCHARGE AND RELEASE THE ENTIRE CARGO TO RECEIVERS AGAINST CHARTERERS OR RECEIVERS SING IN OWNERS PNI CLUB WORDINGS.
装卸港的卸货如果原本的提单不能在船舶到达卸货港之前到，船东或者船长可要按照租家或者实际收货人单方的已由保赔协会保险签发的保函将所有货物交给收货人。
26 ITF REGULATIONS(INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING FEDERAL FEDERAL)-VESSEL SHALL ALWAYS BE MANNED ACCORDING TO ITF REGULATIONS OR EQUIVALENT AND CARRY CERTIFICATE TO THIS EFFECT.
国际海运联盟规定船舶必须按照国际海运联盟的规则或者等价的规则作业并且使其证书生效。
27TAXES/DUES/CHARGES TAXES/DUES/CHARGES ON VESSEL /FREIGHT/FLAG TO BE FOR OWNERS ACCOUNT BENDS TAXES/DUES/CHARGES ON CARGO TO BE FOR CHARTERERS ACCOUNT BENDS.
税，手续费，税费，船舶费用，运费，求救船旗费由船东支付，会费，租家付货费用。
28 OVER-AGED PREMIUM-OAF,FI ANY TO BE FOR OWNERS ACCOUNT.
若产生船舶老龄险由船东承当。
29ARBITIRATION-ANY OR ALL,DISPUTES0DIFFERENCES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS CHARTER PARTY SHALL BE REFERRED TO ARBTIRATION IN HONG KONG WITH ENGLISH LAW TO APPLY.,
冲裁-如果有一些或者所以佣船契约争议，不同意见应该以香港英文法律作为仲裁。
30 GENERAL AVERAGE- GENERAL AVERAGE TO BE ADJUSTED AND SETTLED IN HON KONG IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH THE YORK-ANTWERRP RULES 1994 OR THE LATEST MODIFIED EDITION
共同海损-共同海损应该严格按照york-antwerrp rules 1994或者最新的修改版本设定。
31OTHERWISE AS PER GENCON CP1994 TIL 3.75%COMMISSION PAYABLE ON FREIGHT/DEAD FREIGHT.DEMUURAGE.
其他的按照金康1994规则付以3.75%的佣金以及空舱费，滞期费。
32 ALL NEGOTIATIONS AND EVENTUAL FIXTURE SHALL BE KEPT IN STRICTLY PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
所有的洽谈和最后的确认书都应该保证机密。
33SUBJ CHARTERFRS BOD APPROVAL WITHIN ONE WORKING DAY AFMT
有待于租家董事会修订好主要条款后在一个工作日内同意。
美国大学校名英文缩写 英文缩写英文全称中文全称 AAMU Alabama A&M 阿拉巴马农业机械大学ADELPHI Adelphi University 艾德菲大学AMERICAN American University 美国大学 ANDREWS Andrews University 安德鲁大学 ASU Arizona State University 亚利桑那州立大学AUBURN Auburn University 奥本大学 -B- BAYLOR Baylor University 贝勒大学 BC Boston College 波士顿学院 BGSU Bowling Green State University 博林格林州立大学BIOLA Biola University 拜欧拉大学BRANDEIS Brandeis University 布兰迪斯大学BROWN Brown University 布朗大学 BSU Ball State University 波尔州立大学 BU* Boston University 波士顿大学 BU SUNY Binghamton 纽约州立大学宾厄姆顿分校BYU Brigham Young Univ. Provo 百翰大学 *BU通常意义上指Boston University -C- CALTECH California Institute of Technology 加州理工大学 CAU Clark Atlanta University 克拉克亚特兰大大学 CLARKSON Clarkson University 克拉逊大学CLARKU Clark University 克拉克大学CLEMSON Clemson University 克莱姆森大学 CMU* Carnegie Mellon University 卡耐基梅隆大学CMU Central Michigan University 中央密歇根大学COLUMBIA Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学CORNELL Cornell University 康奈尔大学CSU* Colorado State 科罗拉多州立大学 CSU Cleveland State University 克里夫立大学CU* University of Colorado Boulder 科罗拉多大学波德分校 CU University of Colorado Denver 科罗拉多大学丹佛分校 CUA Catholic University of America 美国天主教大学 CWRU Case Western Reserve Univ. 凯斯西储大学*CMU 通常意义上指 Carnegie Mellon University *CSU 通用 *CU 通用
英语翻译之词义省略法 一、从语法角度来看 （一）省代词 1．省略作主语的人称代词 （1）省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 （2）英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。联展在线：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a37356700.html,/xkyfd/ 考研学习：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a37356700.html,/kcnet1450/ We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到？——说不准。
The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2．省略作宾语的代词 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴露。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3．省略物主代词 I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼，听我说话。 （二）代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong,(并非每个人对什么是对、什么是错都持一样的看法)nor does everyone agree on what is good and bad for children. Jacques Muller thinks money is the most important thing in the world, but unfortunately, money is not everything.（但是遗憾的是，金钱并非一切）Speaking of hamburgers not all Americans like them.（并非所有美国人都喜欢吃）Not all people share the same interests（人的兴趣不尽相同）,but we can still like make friends with people who do not have our interests. Unit 2 （1）Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.（才懂得珍惜生命的价值） （2）Some scientists believe that people will come to be found of genetically modified crops someday（人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的）since they can increase yields and farms＇incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. （3）With repeated hackers＇attacks on our system,we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.（我们逐渐意识到有必须聘请一位计算机安全专家。） （4）Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to realize that the Chinese preferred “teaching by holding the hand”.（逐渐认识到中国人喜欢“把着手教”。） Unit 3 is not such an unusual word as it used to be (因特网已不再是一个不同寻常的字眼). In today’s electronic age , it is changing the way customers behave-in deciding what products to buy , and where to buy them . business suit has long been the uniform for male office workers .most men do not look unattractive in them(大多数男人穿上西装看上去倒不是没有魅力) . The problem is sometimes ,especially at the height of summer ,their movement seems to be restricted . as she is , she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment(尽管她富裕，她对突然遭到解雇并非无动于衷). York City was once the murder capital of the world . Due to a new policy called “zero-tolerance”, the policy of not tolerating even the smallest crime , the city can now be seen as a leader in crime fighting .This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city’s violent crimes.(鉴于严重犯罪活动的大幅下降，这样的声言并非不切实际). skips breakfast on a daily basis; frequently misses meals in order to accommodate busy work or social schedules; eats a lot of fast-food; and fails to exercise regularly .his poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life .（他身体欠佳，与他不健康的生活方式不无关系）. Unit 5 1. Fifty years ago it was taken for granted(人们理所当然地认为) that marriage was the goal of every young woman’s inmost thought, and the aim for her of her father and
1、一个单词多种表达 a thank-you letter 感谢信 a letter of recommendation 推荐信 a love letter 情书 a suicide letter 绝命书 a “Dear John” letter 绝交信（女孩子给男孩子） letter of condolence唁函 letter of confirmation 确认信 2、多个词表达一个意思，如表达“死” to go west 归西 to pass away 谢世（常用） to die a martyr 牺牲 to rest in peace 安息 to end one’s days 寿终正寝 to commit suicide 自杀 to kick the bucket 民间说法：蹬腿 to abandon the world 撒手人寰 to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘 to come to a violent death 暴毙 to depart to the world of shadows 命赴黄泉 to release the souls from suffering 超度、解脱 to return to dust 入土 除此之外，还有多个词翻译成一个意思（主要指英译汉），不再具体讲。 3、几个单词 return to dust：与基督教文化有关 fig leaf：遮羞布 Adam’s apple：男性的喉结 You came from dust and to dust you shall return. 来自尘土、归于尘土。 original sin：原罪 suicide：自杀，cide表示“杀”， 如：insecticide 杀虫剂,pesticide 杀虫剂,herbicide 初草剂,genocide 种族屠杀, homicide 杀人, matricide 弑母, patricide 弑父, regal君王君主, regicide 弑君commit no nuisance 请勿在此大小便 restroom 厕所 faculty lounge 教室休息室 bathroom commode 厕所（委婉的表达厕所之意） Baptist Church 洗礼会教堂
中外高校校名国内研究所中文全称和英文缩写 对照 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
中文全称英文缩写 浙江大学ZHEJIANG UNIV 中国科学院CHINESE ACAD SCI 清华大学TSINGHUA UNIV 东南大学SOUTHEAST UNIV 大连理工大学DALIAN UNIV TECHNOL 南京大学NANJING UNIV 四川大学SICHUAN UNIV 上海交通大学SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV 中山大学SUN YAT SEN UNIV 华中科技大学HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL 北京大学PEKING UNIV 山东大学SHANDONG UNIV 复旦大学FUDAN UNIV 南开大学NANKAI UNIV 北京邮电大学BEIJING UNIV POSTS TELECOMMUN 中国科学技术大学UNIV SCI TECHNOL CHINA 吉林大学JILIN UNIV 西安交通大学XI AN JIAO TONG UNIV 哈尔滨工业大学HARBIN INST TECHNOL 天津大学TIANJIN UNIV 兰州大学LANZHOU UNIV 华南理工大学S CHINA UNIV TECHNOL 武汉大学WUHAN UNIV 湖南大学HUNAN UNIV 华南师范大学S CHINA NORMAL UNIV 北京航天航空大学BEIJING UNIV AERONAUT ASTRONAUT 东北大学NORTHEASTERN UNIV 电子科技大学UNIV ELECT SCI TECHNOL CHINA 华东科技大学 E CHINA UNIV SCI TECHNOL 中南大学CENT S UNIV 西安电子科技大学XIDIAN UNIV 同济大学TONGJI UNIV 厦门大学XIAMEN UNIV 北京交通大学BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIV 东吴大学SOOCHOW UNIV 安徽大学ANHUI UNIV 北京理工大学BEIJING INST TECHNOL 香港城市大学CITY UNIV HONG KONG 湘潭大学XIANGTAN UNIV 北京师范大学BEIJING NORMAL UNIV
中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学Philosophy 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism xx 哲学Chinese Philosophy xx 哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic
西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics
南京大学Nanjing University 东南大学Southeast University 南京航空航天大学Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 南京理工大学Nanjing university ofscience ＆technology 南京工业大学Nanjing tech university 南京邮电大学Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 南京林业大学Nanjing forestry university 南京信息工程大学Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 南京农业大学Nanjing Agricultural University 南京医科大学Nanjing medical university 南京中医药大学Nanjing university of Chinese medicine 中国药科大学China Pharmaceutical University 南京师范大学Nanjing Normal University 南京财经大学Nanjing University Of Finance & Economics 江苏警官学院Jiangsu police institute 南京体育学院Nanjing Sport Institute 南京艺术学院Nanjing University of the Arts 三江学院Sanjiang university 南京工程学院Nanjing institute of technology 南京审计大学Nanjing audit university 南京晓庄学院Nanjing xiaozhuang university 南京特殊教育师范学院Nanjing Normal University Of Special Education 南京森林警察学院Nanjing forest police college 东南大学成贤学院southeast university chengxian college 金陵科技学院jinling institute of technology 南京大学金陵学院Nanjing university jinling college 南京理工大学紫金学院Nanjing University of Science and Technology ZiJin College 南京航空航天大学金城学院 nanhang Jincheng college 中国传媒大学南广学院Communication University of China, Nanguang College
英语翻译中词义的选择与引申 【摘要】在翻译过程中，要把英语准确，通顺地译成汉语，正确选择词义此意，注重词义的引申至关重要。 【关键词】引申；翻译；选择 在英汉翻译过程中，正确选择词义是保证译文质量的中心问题。英语单词所表达的意义并不完全可以在汉语里找到其完全对应的词来表达的，许多英语单词与汉语中有些词只是部分对应，而英语中一词多义、一词多用、一词多类的现象很多，这就要求我们在将英语多义词译成汉语时，必须根据上下文和全句的意思确认其中一个正确的含义，而不能不求甚解，望词生义，想当然地进行翻译。下面从几个方面来分析英语翻译中词义的选择与引申。 一、词义的选择 1. 文化背景知识与词义的理解及翻译 英汉两种语言分属两大不同语系，英语国家的文化背景、风俗习惯与我国有很大的不同，有时候对英语某些词汇的理解涉及英语国家的文化背景知识，包括历史、地理、风土人情等各方面，如果这方面的知识匮乏，翻译出的句子就会出错，甚至闹出笑话。 例(1): Franz Boas was a specialist in American Indian languages. 弗兰兹·博厄斯是一位美洲的印第安人语言专家。 这句中的American Indian不能译为“美国印第安人”，因为不仅美国有印第安人，而且加拿大、南美洲和中美洲各国也有，这里涉及普通历史、地理常识。事实上，America和American严格地来说应作“美洲”和“美洲的”解，当然有时也用来指“美国”，但在一定的上下文中应注意区分。 例(2): South African leopard-spot policy came under fierce black fire… 南非实行的“豹斑式”的种族隔离政策受到了黑人的猛烈抨击… 这句中的leopard-spot是一个专门术语。如译者不了解它的背景知识，就很难把它准确地翻译出来。“豹斑”这一概念形成于20世纪60年代中期，当时南越人民武装力量在战区后方建立了许多小块根据地，美方军事地图上就此标有“豹斑”状异色标示区。以后“豹斑”这一军事术语又被转用为政治术语，指白人种族主义者把黑人强行驱入若干小块地区居住的种族隔离政策。 2. 从词的联立关系及上下文确定词义 所谓“词的联立关系”是指词在行文中的搭配组合关系。一般来说，一个孤立的英语单词，其词义是游移不定的，具有该词可能具有的一切含义。但当词出于特定的联立关系中时，它的词义受到上下文的制约就稳定化了，因此根据词的上下文关系确定词义是词义解析中非常重要而又切实可行的手段。如英语单词“wet”的意思是“湿的”，但它在不同的句子中所表达的意义就差别很大。 例(1): Wet Paint! 油漆未干！ 例(2): He was wet to the skin. 他全身都湿透了。 例(3): If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他，那你就大错特错了。 “last”这一形容词，它的一般意义为“最后的”，但在翻译中我们应注意它在不同的句中所表达的含义。 例(1): He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。
1) ___________________________(她决心继续追求) the better life she had dreamed of. 2) Y ou may have to reduce your dependence on fuels by ___________________________ _________________(减少你的日常消耗). 3) ________________________________(谈到生活观), different people hold different opinions towards it. 4) _____________________________________(我们目前靠四台电脑暂时还能应付)，but we’ll need a couple more when the new staff arrive. 5) ______________________________(疑人不用)，nor suspect someone you employ. 1) She decided to keep on pursuing 2) Cutting down on your daily consumption 3) When it comes to the view about life 4) We can get by with four computers at the moment 5) Don’t employ someone you suspect unit 2 1) _______________________(冒着巨大的危险), a group of volunteers took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the quake zone. 2) The people were trapped ____________________________________(当敌军开始逼近时). 3) _________________________________(她坚信) that she was right. 4) _____________________________________(在很多黑人看来), Lincoln was America’s greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits. 5) ____________________________(她女扮男装), so she could fight on the battlefield. 1) At huge risk 2) when the enemy army began to close in (on them) 3) She had a firm conviction 4) In the eyes of many African-Americans 5）She disguised herself as a man
学校科室等术语翻译 一．学生教室 Room；美术教室Art Room；书法教室Handwriting Room；音乐教室Music Room；舞蹈教室Dancing Hall；电脑教室Computer Room；特教班Special Edu Room；阶梯教室Amphitheatre 二、办公室： 四年级办公室Office for Grade 4；男/女校长室Headmaster’s/Headmistress’s Office；党（总）支部CCP Branch Office；男/女副校长室Vice Headmaster’s/Headmistress’s Office；人事办公室Personnel Office；教导处Dean’s Office；教科室Edu R & D Office；英语办公室English Office；音乐办公室Music Office；美术办公室Art Office；科学办公室Science Office；信息技术/现代教育办公室IT Office；体育办公室PE Teachers’ Office；总务处General Services’ Office；会计室Accountants’ Office；退协办公室Retired Teachers’ Office 三、活动室： 图书馆Library；教师/学生阅览室Reading Room（T）/（S）；报告厅Lecture Hall；会议室Meeting Hall/Room；党员活动室CCP Room；教工之家/活动室Teachers’ Home；少先队队室YP Room；心理咨询室Psychological Consultation；卫生/保健室Clinic；演播室Studio；校史室School History Room 四、其他设施：
BASIC 语言BASIC Language BASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & Application C 语言C Language C++程序设计C++ Program Designing CAD 概论Introduction to CAD CAD/CAM CAD/CAM CET-4 College English Test (Band 4) CET-6 College English Test (Band 6) C与UNIX环境C Language & Unix Environment C语言科学计算方法Scientific Computation Method in C C语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计Course Exercise in dBASE Ⅲ Programming Languages Internet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet Technology PC机原理Principle of PC Unix编程环境Unix Programming Environment Unix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix System Windows系统Windows Operation System 办公自动化Office Automatization 办公自动化系统毕业设计Office Automatization Thesis 办公自动化系统设计Office Automatization Design 编译方法Compilation Method 编译方法Methods of Compiling 编译技术Technique of Compiling 编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling, Principles of Compiler 编译原理课程设计Course Design of Compiling 操作系统Disk Operating System (DOS) 操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System 操作系统与编译原理Disk Operating System & Fundamentals of Compiling 操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System, Principles of Operating System 常微分方程Ordinary Differential Equations 程序设计Program Designing 程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming, Methods of Programming 程序设计及算法语言Program Designing & Algorithmic Language 程序设计语言Programming Language
中文名字翻译港式英文名字~找到你的了吗？AH 亚 AH 雅 AU 区 AU 欧 BIK 碧 BIK 璧 BING 丙 BING 冰 BING 秉 BING 炳 BIT 必 BONG 邦 BUN 斌 CHAI 仔 CHAI 齐 CHAI 齐 CHAK 翟 CHAK 泽 CHAM 湛 CHAN 陈 CHAN 灿 CHAN 璨 CHAN 镇 CHAN 赞 CHAN 瓒 CHANG 郑 CHAT 七 CHAU 舟 CHAU 周 CHAU 洲 CHAU 秋 CHAU 邹 CHEN 陈 CHENG 郑 CHEONG 张 CHEONG 章 CHEUK 灼 CHEUK 卓 CHEUK 卓 CHEUK 棹 CHEUK 绰 CHEUK 焯
CHEUNG 长CHEUNG 张CHEUNG 祥CHEUNG 掌CHEUNG 翔CHEUNG 象CHEUNG 璋CHEUNG 蒋CHEUNG 锵CHI 子CHI 之CHI 次CHI 池CHI 志CHI 枝CHI 知CHI 芝CHI 芷CHI 姿CHI 祉CHI 致CHI 戚CHI 梓CHI 智CHI 紫CHI 慈CHI 志CHI 赐CHI 炽CHIANG 张CHICK 戚CHIGN 净CHIK 戚CHIK 绩CHIK 积CHIN 前CHIN 展CHIN 钱CHIN 钱CHIN 芊CHING 正CHING 呈CHING 青
CHING 贞CHING 情CHING 清CHING 晴CHING 晶CHING 程CHING 程CHING 菁CHING 靖CHING 精CHING 澄CHING 静CHIT 哲CHIU 肖CHIU 招CHIU 俏CHIU 昭CHIU 钊CHIU 钏CHIU 朝CHIU 超CHIU 照CHIU 赵CHIU 潮CHIU 霄CHO 祖CHO 曹CHO 袓CHOI 才CHOI 再CHOI 材CHOI 采CHOI 财CHOI 彩CHOI 载CHOI 蔡CHOI 赛CHOK 作CHONG 壮CHONG 庄CHONG 庄CHONG 创CHOR 佐
词语的翻译 一、认真辨析词义 多义词 歧异词 同义词 反义词 多义词 1. 我们找个安静点的地方好好聊聊。 Let’s find a quiet place where we can have a good talk. Let’s find somewhere quiet so we can have a good talk. 2. 箱子里已经没有地方了。 There is no more space in the chest. There is no room left in the chest. 3. 你希望留在部队还是到地方上去？ Do you wish to stay in the army or to transfer to a civilian unit? Would you like to stay in the army or leave for a non-military unit? 4. 我国的一项基本国策是发展乡镇企业。 It’s part and parcel of our national policy to develop enterprises in villages and towns. It is an integral part of our national policy to promote the growth of township and village enterprises. 5. 我们要根据形势的发展来调整政策。 We must make adjustment in our policy in response to changes in the situation. We have to adjust our policy to the changing situation. 6. 请大家积极参与单位的体制改革。 Everyone is called on to take an active part in the systematic reform of one’s work unit. You are all encouraged to play an active role in the systematic reform of our unit. 7. 他总是以积极态度处理各种问题。 He takes a positive attitude in dealing with all kinds of problems. He approaches various problems with a positive frame of mind. 8. 请别客气. Please don’t stand on ceremony. Please don’t be so polite. Please make yourself at home. Please don’t bother. Please, we don’t want to put you to trouble. 9. 他客气而冷淡地接待了我们. He received us politely but coolly. He received us with civility but no warmth. He received us with cool politeness. He received us with polite indifference. 10. 对他这种人就是不能客气.
Beijing foreign studies u 北外 Shanghai international studies u 上外 Guangdong u of foreign studies 广东外语外贸Tianjin foreign studies u 天外 Xi’an international studies u 西外 Sichuan international studies u 川外 Beijing lan n culture u 北京语言大学 Beijing international studies u 北二外 Beijing technology and business u工商 Beihang u (Beijing u of aeronautics n astronautics ) Beijing film academy Beijing normal u Bejijing jiaotong u 北交大 Beijing institute of technology 北京理工大学Beijing u of posts n telecommunications 邮电大学Beijing forestry u 林业知山知水树木树人Beijing u of Chinese medicine 北京中医药大学China foreign affairs u 外交学院 Central conservatory of music 中央音乐学院Communication u of china China u of petroleum, beijing 中国石油大学（北京）China u of mining n technology 中国矿业
1.孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的"圣人"（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. 2.每年农历（Chinese lunar calendar）八月十五是我国的传统节日——中秋节（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival —the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China. 3.中国航天业开创于1956年。几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中国成功发射了"神舟五号"载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。2007年发射了"嫦娥一号"，即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。2013年，第五艘载人飞船"神舟十号"发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。 China's space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space. In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully,