云南省巧家县第二中学 第 17 页 共 31 页
hold on 握住不放；坚持下去 hold on to 紧紧抓住；控制，克制 hold one's breath (由于激动等原因)屏息 hold out 伸出；坚持；支持 hold over 将?延迟；期满后继任 hold up 举起；耽搁；抢劫 hold with 同意，赞成；原谅 How about? ?如何？?怎么样？ hunt for 搜寻；寻找；追猎 hurry up (使)赶快；迅速完成 if any 若有的话 if necessary 如果必要的话 if only 只要；要是?就好 in a hurry 匆忙；立即，很快地 in a moment 立即，立刻 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之，总之 in accordance with 与?一致；按照，根据 in addition 另外 in addition to 除?之外(还有) in advance 在前面；预先 in advance of 在?的前面；超过 in all 总共，共计 in all directions 向四面八方 in and out 进进出出 in any case 不管怎样; 无论如何，总之 in brief 简言之；以简洁的形式 in case 假如；免得 in case of 假如，万一? in charge 主管；在?掌管之下 in charge of 主管，掌管，照管 in common 共用，公有，共同 in comparison with 与?比较 in consequence 结果是，因此 in consequence of 由于?的缘故 in course of 正在?中 in danger 在危险中，垂危 in debt to sb. 欠债，欠情 in detail 详细地 in difficulties 处境困难 in effect 实际上；正实行中 in error 弄错了的；错误地 in every way 在各方面，以各种方式 in exchange for 交换 in face of 面对；纵然，即使 in fact 其实，实际上 in favour of 赞成，支持；有利于 in focus 焦点对准；清晰 in force (法律)有效的；大批地 in front of 在?前面，面对 in full 充足，十足 in future 今后，以后 in general 通常，一般地说
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 18 页 共 31 页
in good health 身体好 in half 成两半 in hand 现有在手头；在进行中 in light of 按照，根据；鉴于 in line 成一直线；整齐；一致
in line with 跟?一致；符合 in memory of 纪念? in nature 性质上；实际上 in no case 决不，无论如何不 in no time 立即，立刻；马上 in no way 决不，一点也不 in order 整齐；状况良好 in order that 以便，为了? in order to 以便，以?为目的 in other words 换句话说，也就是说 in part 在某种程度上；部份地 in particular 特别，尤其；详细地 in person 亲自；身体上；外貌上 in place 在适当的位置；适当的 in place of 代替 in point of 实际上，就事实而论 in practice 在实践中 in proportion to 与?成比例；与?相称 in public 公开地，当众 in quantity 大量 in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于 in relation to 关于，有关；与?相比 in respect that 因为，考虑到 in return 作为回报，作为报答 in return for 作为?的交换 in school 在求学 in search of 寻找；寻求 in season (水果等)应时的 in secret 秘密地，私下地 in shape 处于良好(或固有)状态 in short 总之，总而言之 in sight 被见到，看得见；在望 in some ways 在某种程度上 in spite of 尽管；不顾；虽然 in tears 流着泪；含泪哭 in terms of 根据；以?的措词 in the air 在空中；未定 in the case of 就?来说；至于 in the course of 在?期间，在?过程中 in the dark 在黑暗中；秘密地 in the distance 在远处，远方的 in the end 最后，终于 in the first place 起初，本来；首先 in the future 将来 in the name of 以?的名义；代表 in the open 在户外；在露天 in the past 在过去
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 19 页 共 31 页
in the way 挡道的，妨碍人的 in the way of 妨碍；在?方面，关于 in the world 究竟，到底；天下 in this case 既然是这样 in time 及时，适时；还早 in turn 依次，轮流 in use 在使用着 in vain 徒劳，白辛苦；轻慢 inquire for 询问(商店、地点等) instead of 代替；而不是? interfere in 干涉，干预 interfere with 打扰(某人)，妨碍 join hands with
互相合作，携起手来 join in 参加(活动) join up 参军，入伍；联合起来 judging by 从?判断 jump off 开始，开始进攻 jump sb. out 叱责某人 jump the queue 不按次序排队；加塞 just about 差不多，几乎 just as 正象；正当?的时候 just now 现在，眼下；刚才 just the same 完全一样 just yet 恰好现在 keep an eye on 照看；留意 keep at 坚持(做)；使不停地做 keep away 站开；使离开 keep back 留在后面；阻止；隐瞒 keep down 控制；压服；缩减开支 keep friends with 与?保持友好 keep from 阻止；使免于；隐瞒 keep house 管理家务；做家务 keep in mind 记住 keep in touch 保持联系 keep in touch with 和?保持联系 keep off 避开；不让?接近 keep on 继续进行，反复地做 keep one's eyes open 留心看着；保持警惕 keep one's temper 忍住性子 keep one's word 守信用，遵守诺言 keep out of 躲开，(使)置身?之外 keep silence 保持沉默，不讲话 keep sth. secret 把某事保守秘密 keep to 坚持；固守(习惯等) keep to oneself 保守秘密，不与人来往 keep up 继续；坚持，维持 keep up with 跟上，不落后 kill off 消灭，杀光 knock down 撞倒；击落；拆除 knock off 把?敲掉；击倒；停工 knock out 敲空；(拳击中)击倒 know about 了解，知道?的情况 know better than 很懂得(而不至于)
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 20 页 共 31 页
laugh at 因?而发笑；嘲笑 laugh over 笑着谈论 lay aside 把?放在一边；储存 lay down 放下；铺设(铁路) lay in 贮存，贮藏 lay off 停止；(临时)解雇 lay out 花费；布置；摆开 lay over 使延期；涂，覆盖；压倒 lay to 把(功、过)归于 lay up 贮存，储蓄；暂停使用 lead off 开始，开头，率先 lead the way 引路，带路；示范 lead to 通向，导致；引起 lead up to 把?一直带领到；导致 learn by heart 记住，背诵 learn from 学习，向?学习 learn of 听到；获悉?的事 learn off 记熟，背下来 leave alone
不管，不理会；不打扰 leave behind 丢弃；留下；忘记携带 leave in the air 搁置，使悬而未决 leave off (使)停止；停下来 leave out 忽略，遗漏；省略 let alone 不干涉；不碰 let down 放下；降低；使?失望 let go 放开；释放；发射 let in 让?进入；放?出来 let loose 放松，放开；放出 let off 放(炮)；开(枪)；宽恕 let oneself go 尽情；忘乎所以 let out 放掉(水等)，发出 let sb. into 让?知道 let up 减小；(雨等)渐渐停止 lie down 躺下；(故意)躺下不干 lie in 在于；分娩；睡懒觉 lie on 依赖；压迫；折磨(人) lie over 等待以后处理 lie up 卧床；(船)入坞 light up 照亮；点(烟) line up 排队，使排成一行 link up 把?连(衔)接起来 listen into 收听；监听；偷听 listen to 听，倾听 little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地 live off 住在?之外；靠?生活 live on 靠?生活；以?为食 live out 活过(某一段时间) live through 经历过；度过；经受住 live up to 无愧于；做到；符合 live with 接受；忍受；承认 lock oneself in 把自己关在里面 lock out 把?关在外面 long before 在?以前很久
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 21 页 共 31 页
long for 渴望 look after 照顾；目送；负责处理 look at 看着；注视；察看 look back 回顾；回想；停止不前 look down on 蔑视，看不起 look for 寻找，寻求；指望 look forward to 盼望，期待；预期 look in 顺便看望，顺便访问 look into 观察；调查；窥视 look on 旁观；观看；面向 look out 留神；朝外看；照料 look over 从?上面看过去；检查 look round 掉头看；观光；察看 look through (从头至尾)浏览；温习 look to 照管；留心；指望 look up 向上看；查出 look up to sb. 尊敬，敬仰 lose heart 灰心，泄气 lose heart 丧失勇气(或信心) lose no time 立即 lose one's breath 喘不过气来，呼吸困难 lose one's hair 脱发；发脾气 lose one's head 慌乱；被砍头 lose one's heart to 心
被?俘去，爱上 lose one's nerves 变得慌张，不知所措 lose one's temper 发怒，发脾气 lose sight of 不再看见；忽略；忘记 lost one's balance 失去平衡；心慌意乱 lots of 大量，许多 series of 一系列,一连串 above all 首先,尤其是 after all 毕竟,究竟 ahead of 在...之前 ahead of time 提前 all at once 突然,同时 all but 几乎;除了...都 all of a sudden 突然 all over 遍及 all over again 再一次,重新 all the time 一直,始终 all the same 仍然,照样的 as regards 关于,至于 anything but 根本不 as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于 as far as ...be concerned 就...而言 as far as 远至,到...程度 as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下 as if 好像,仿怫
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 22 页 共 31 页
as good as 和...几乎一样 as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于 all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还 as well as 除...外(也),即...又 aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次 at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样,无论如何 at all times 随时,总是 at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上 at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少 at last 终于 at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过 at no time 从不,决不 by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时 at present 目前,现在 at sb's disposal 任...处理 at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布 at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或 back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面 before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问 by air 通过航空途径 by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早 by chance 偶然,碰巧 by far 最,...得多 by hand 用手,用体力 by itself 自动地,独自地 by means of 用,依靠 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by no means 决不,并没有 by oneself 单独地,独自地 by reason of 由于
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 23 页 共 31 页
by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助,由于 by way of 经由,通过...方法 due to 由于,因为 each other 互相 even if/though 即使,虽然 ever so 非常,极其 every now and then 时而,偶尔 every other 每隔一个的 except for 除了...外 face to face 面对面地 far from 远非,远离 for ever 永远 for good 永久地 for the better
好转 for the moment 暂时,目前 for the present 暂时,目前 for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益 for the time being 暂时,眼下 from time to time 有时,不时 hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联 head on 迎面地,正面的 heart and soul 全心全意地 how about ...怎么样 in a hurry 匆忙,急于 in case of 假如,防备 in a moment 立刻,一会儿 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 简言之,总之 in accordance with 与...一致,按照 in addition 另外,加之 in addition to 除...之外(还) in advance 预先,事先 in all 总共,合计 in any case 无论如何 in any event 无论如何 in brief 简单地说 in charge of 负责,总管 in common 共用的,共有的 in consequence(of) 因此;由于 in debt 欠债,欠情 in detail 详细地 in difficulty 处境困难 in effect 实际上,事实上 in general 一般来说,大体上 in favor of 支持,赞成 in front of 面对,在...前 in half 成两半 in hand 在进行中,待办理 in honor of 为庆祝,为纪念 in itself 本质上,就其本身而言 in line with 与...一致
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 24 页 共 31 页
in memory of 纪念 in no time 立即,马上 in no way 决不 in order 按顺序,按次序 in other words 换句话说 in part 部分地 in particular 特别,尤其 in person 亲自,本人 in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替,取代,交换 in practice 在实践中,实际上 in proportion to 与...成比例 in public 公开地,当众 in quantity 大量 in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于,至于 in relation to 关于,涉及 in return 作为报答/回报/交换 in return for 作为对...报答 in short 简言之,总之 in sight 被见到;在望 in spite of 尽管 in step 齐步,合拍 in step with 与...一致/协调 in tears 流着泪,在哭着 in the course of 在...期间/过程中 in the distance 在远处 in the end 最后,终于 in the event of 如果...发生,万一 in the face of 即使;在...面前 in the first place 首先 in the future 在未来 in the least 丝毫,一点 in (the)light of 鉴于,由于 in the way 挡道 in the world 究竟,到底 in time 及时 in touch 联系,接触 in turn 依次,轮流;转而 in vain 徒劳,白费力 instead of 代替,而不是 just now 眼下;刚才 little by little 逐渐地 lots of 许多 many a 许多 more or less 或多或少,有点 next door 隔壁的,在隔壁 no doubt 无疑地 no less than 不少于...;不亚于... no longer 不再 no more 不再 no more than 至多,同...一样不 none other than 不是别的,正是
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 25 页 共 31 页
on one's guard 警惕,提防 nothing but 只有,只不过 now and then 时而,偶尔 off and on 断断续续,间歇地 off duty 下班 on a large/small scale 大/小规模地
on account of 由于 on(an/the) average 平均,通常 on behalf of 代表 on board 在船(车/飞机)上 on business 因公 on condition that 如果 on duty 上班,值班 on earth 究竟,到底 on fire 起火着火 on foot 步行, on guard 站岗,值班 on hand 在场,在手边 on occasion(s) 有时,间或 on one's own 独立,独自 on purpose 故意地 on sale 出售,廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表,准时 on second thoughts 经重新考虑 on the contrary 正相反 on the grounds of 根据,以...为由 on (the) one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on the point of 即将...的时刻 on the road 在旅途中 on the side 作为兼职/副 业 on the spot 在场;马上 on the whole 总的来说,大体上 on time 准时 once again 再一次 once(and)for all 一劳永逸地 once in a while 偶尔 once more 再一次 once upon a time 从前 one another 相互 or else 否则,要不然 or so 大约,左右 other than 非;除了 out of 从...中;由于;缺乏 out of breath 喘不过气来 out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时的 out of doors 在户外 out of order 出故障的 out of place 不适当的 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 out of sight 看不见,在视野外 out of the question 毫无可能的
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 27 页 共 31 页
2．表示好处 1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us． 例如：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us． 3．表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us． 例如：However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television． 4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life． 例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age． 5．表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with． 例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is bec
oming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 28 页 共 31 页
6．表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education． 例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins． 7．表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that’s not the case． 例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment． 8．表示比较 1）Compared with A，B．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them． 例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise． 9．表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January． 例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 29 页 共 31 页
再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000． 10．表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．． 例如：People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However， othe
rs are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers． 再如：Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it． 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。 11．表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．． 例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved． 注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。 12．套语 1）It’s well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us，．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way． 例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus． The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．
再如：Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it． Culture 文化篇 A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight.(P. B. Shelley , British poet ) 伟大的诗篇即是永远喷出智慧和欢欣之水的喷泉。 (英国诗人 雪莱. P. B) Art is a lie that tells the truth .( Picasso , Spanish painter ) 美术是揭示真理的谎言。 (西班牙画家 毕加索) Humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest. (Mark Twain , American novelist ) 幽默被人正确地解释为"以诚挚表达感受，寓深思于嬉笑"。(美国小说家 马克?吐温) The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation the two keep in their downward tendency.( Johan Wolfgang von Goethe , German poet ) 文学的衰落表明一个民族的衰落。这两者走下坡路的时间是齐头并进的。 (德国诗人 歌德 . J . W .) When one loves one's art no service seems too hard .(O. Henry, American novelist) 一旦热爱艺术，什么奉献也不难。 (美国小说家 欧?亨利) Education 教育篇 And gladly would learn , and gladly teach .( Chaucer , British poet) 勤于学习的人才能乐意施教。(英国诗人, 乔叟) Better be unborn than untaught , for ignorance is the root of misfortune .(Plato , Ancient Greek philosopher) 与其不受教育,不如不生,因为无
知是不幸的根源.(古希腊哲学家 柏拉图) Friendship 友谊篇
云南省巧家县第二中学 第 31 页 共 31 页
"Some friends come and go like a season. Others are arranged in our lives for good reason." ---Sharita Gadison "A true friend is someone you can disagree with and still remain friends. For if not, they weren't true a friends in the first place .
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