2013届广东高考阅读理解猜词专讲专练
猜测词义题目类型
1.对考纲外生词的猜测
The underlined word "cultivated" ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means ______.(05广东卷)
2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means(06广东卷)
3.对代词的猜测
The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to______. (04广东卷)
4.对句义的猜测
When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend (06广东卷)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _____.
2. What do you thin k the expression “…” stands for?
3. The underlined sentence “…” means ______. ......
4 By saying “……” we mean_______
5 “……” as used in th e passage, can be best defined as _______.
做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。通常从两大方法来猜词即构词法和语境法。
1、Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate．
A. pretty
B. calm
C. protective
D. energetic
2、Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly change.
3、Jack is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
4、A child?s birthday party doesn?t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
A. a party designed by specialists
B. B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
5、Most of us agreed, however ,Bill dissented.
A have a different opinion
B support
C like it very much
D doesn?t show his ideas
三、利用因果关系
表示因果关系的词有
Because, as , since, for, thus, so, so that, hence, therefore, As a result
1、I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”
The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “”.
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet 2、When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. （08广东卷）
65. The underlin ed part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _____.
A. attracted the customers strongly
B. had weak effects on the customers
C. tricked the customers into shopping
D. caused the customers to lose interest
3、1.The lack of movement caused the muscles to
weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
A going on for a long time
B that may be permitted
C not very strong
D in a bad condition
4、.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
A without food,clothes,and other things necessary for life
B believing to control events
C deciding in advance
5、.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A very large
B crowed
C noisy
D good
四利用上下文
利用熟词新义、找信息词、指代关系常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词
1、William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”
The underline d word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?
3、The mayor made an address to the citizens at the meeting yesterday.
4、（05 福建卷）Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.
64.The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means______.
A. cleaning up
B. taking in
C. wiping out
D. giving out
5、(06广东) When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How
could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area?
The underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably mean _____.
A. leave for
B. return to
C. give up
D. rely on
6、(08广东）Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.
“I would never have said to my mom, …Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it??” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
The underlined word “gulf” in Para. 3 most
probably means______.
A. interest
B. distance
C. difference
D. separation
7. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds.
A fragments
B the whole
C envelope
D fires
8、.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel
A the top of the frame of a door or window
B the bottom of the frame of a door or window
C the top part of the roof or ceiling
9、. After inventing dynamite, Nobel became a very rich man.
A powerful explosive
B light
C engine
D electricity
10、Children simulate to view solar eclipse with goggles as a preparation for the coming one on July 22, in north China's Tianjin, July 19, 2009. A total solar eclipse will be seen on July 22 in the area along the Yangtze River in central China,
while a partial solar eclipse could be seen in Beijing, capital of China, and Tianjin.
11、(2009年全国卷I) If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don?t insist he tell you what?s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he?ll clam up.
69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. become excited
B. show respect
C. refuse to talk
D. seek help
12、As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now I?m afraid. (04广东卷)
58. The underlined part “it” refers to______.
A. a taxi
B. the money
C. a bomb
D. public transport
this ,that, it, them, one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.
综合练习
1、(2009年福建卷) For an answer, I checked with
Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said.
73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to
A. freezing points
B. burning points
C. melting points
D. boiling points
2、( 05广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can?t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
The underlined word roughly means ____.
A. encouraged
B. compared
C. examined
D. developed
3、( 2005年广东卷）Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the youngest one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because she?s the one who seems more easily hurt.
The underlined expression “make a big “to do” over means ____.
A. show much concern about
B. have a special effect on
C. list jobs to be done for
D. do good things for
4、( 2008年四川卷）Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.
What does the under lined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean? ______
A. keep everything out of campgrounds
B. take away everything you bring in
C. carry all the necessary food
D. look after your personal belongings
5、(2009江西卷)New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.
72. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by .
A. produced
B. contributed
C. doubled
D. combined
6、We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. （2009广东卷）
47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means__________
A. formed an idea for
B. made an outline for
C. made some space for
D. chose some colors for
7、(2009年四川卷)Honesty comes in many forms.
F irst there?s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I?m not , I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA(personal bank account ).
49. The underlined pa rt “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means “”.
A. to be honest
B. to be unreal
C. to become clear
D. to come from an imagined world
8、(2009年全国卷II) Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “It?s a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan?s Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”
45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man___________.
A. takes on heavier work
B. does more housework
C. is the main breadwinner
D. is the master of the house
9、(2009年安徽卷)This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，…73．What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain．B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests．C．People have a strong desire for resources．D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests．
2012年全国高考题组
1.【2012浙江A】
Easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.
And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US. 42. The word "culprit" ( Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to______.
A. criminal
B. judge
C. victim
D. producer
2.【2012 山东C】
It didn’t take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.
69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them
the ropes” probably means in the text?
A. passing them a rope
B. Directing them to
store food for winter
C. Teaching them a lesson
D. Showing
them how to use the bridge.
3.【2012 辽宁B】
Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. This type of schedute is far too demanding for long missions on the Internaitional Space Sttation （ISS）. ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible . Weekends give the crew valuable. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email , internet phone and through
Private video conferences.
60. What does the word “minic”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Find
B. Copy
C. Change
D. Lose
4.【2012 天津C】
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in
their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
49. What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Window.
B. Soul
C. Picture.
D. Imagination.
5.【2012 全国新课标A】
·Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.
·Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone
is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.
58. What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?
A. Science games designed by kids.
B. Learning science by doing things.
C. A show of kids' science work.
D. Reading science books.
6.【2012福建D】
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to ( for example ："The hand took hold of the ball" ) , the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
68. _______________________ The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “’’?
A. set off
B. cut off
C. built up
D. broken
up
7.【2012北京B】
Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.
A. annoyed
B. ashamed
C. ready
D. eager
8.【2012湖北B】
On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I
know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, w here’s the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? 57. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A. displayed[Z§X§X§K]
B. justified
C. ignored
D. ruined
根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
(1)John drives too fast，and he often drives in the middle of the street．He doesn't watch what the other cars are doing．He is a reckless driver．
A．very careful B．very careless C．very harmful D．very harmless
(2)When Glen finished college，he couldn't find a job．Then his luck changed．A big engineering company hired him．
A．give him a job B．paid him C．told him to stop working D．told him about his future
(3)A computer is a complex machine．It is not simple．
A. simple
B. complicated
C. beautiful
D. expensive
(4)Children like to play with water．After it rains，they will walk in every puddle they can find. A. rainful B．water sitting in the street C．snow D．a small river
(5)Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health．The child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets well quickly．
A．a kind of animal B．a kind of food
C．a kind of childhood disease D．a lack of pure water
(6)Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby．Pierre's family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years．Their ancestors came from France．
A．family members from a long time ago
B．grandparents and their grandchildren
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents D．family members all living at the same time
(7)Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They sell their carvings to stores and museums．
阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一) 猜测词义类 A (2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷) In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions. The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed. The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved. Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children. Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety. Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seeking a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respect ing their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：网上拉票
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a92129910.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练（一）猜测词义 类 (2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷) In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions. The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed. The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved. Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children. Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety. Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seek ing a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：网上拉票
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
（新高考）高考英语二轮复习第一编一阅读理解题型三词义猜测 题练习新人教版 题型三词义猜测题 语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅲ·B篇语篇类型：说明文主题语境：中国时尚 For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. “It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. “China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.” 1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？ A.It promoted the sales of artworks.
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表 近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。 词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。 常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。预计2018年此题型题量将会保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
第五讲词义猜测类专项练习 【分类真题】 (2019年全国卷II.A） My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Flynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does "I" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.
阅读理解词义猜测题专练(三) 指代猜测类 A (2017·黄冈检测) On Christmas Day, 2003, a woman named Nancy Sue Brown took her daughter and grandchildren to see a movie at an AMC theater. When the movie was over, the crowd made for the exits. A theater employee had just finished mopping the hallway and dutifully placed the “wet floor” sign in the slippery area. No one slipped due to the wet conditions, but someone did manage to knock over the sign. And by the time Ms. Brown got to the area, the sign was lying on the floor. And shortly thereafter, so was she. Her foot got caught in the sign, in a bad way, and she fell. Unfortunately Ms. Brown had undergone a back operation, and the fall caused more damage than it otherwise would have. So she and her husband sued (提起诉讼)． AMC argued that the entire point of the “wet floor” sign above was to warn of danger, and therefore, courts should encourage the use by not allowing Brown's case to proceed (继续进行). AMC referred to a case about a December, 1998 incident, where a “wet floor” sign, not in us e, fell to the floor causing another trip-and-fall. In that case, Georgia's Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the store, but didn't go so far as to say that “wet floor” signs couldn't give rise to legal liability (责任) in trip-and-fall accidents. In the B rown case, the Supreme Court therefore rejected AMC's argument that the former case applied. But the Browns argued something surprising that the “wet floor” sign was, itself, dangerous, because “using this type of sign in areas passed by lots of customers creates an unreasonable risk of foreseeable harm to the public in the form of tripping hazards (危险)．” That's right — the safety sign, used in the way it was designed, was itself dangerous. The court thankfully didn't accept that argument, at least not entirely. But it did conclude that Brown's case could continue to a jury (陪审团) —“a merchant's selection and use of equipment designed to warn customers of one danger that has the potential to expose them to a different one”．体裁：议论文题材：社会现象主题：“小心地滑”指示牌引发的安全事件 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了布朗夫人在美国一家AMC影院看完电影离开时，被“小心地滑”的指示牌绊倒受伤后，向法院提起诉讼的原因以及法院的审判结果。 1．According to the text, Ms. Brown ________. A．slipped on the wet floor