2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海英语试卷
后二位校验码
号码
考生注意：
1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。全卷共13页。满分150
分。考试时间120分钟。
2. 答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名和准考
证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
3. 第I卷（1-16小题，25-80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。考生
应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在
试卷上一律不给分。第I卷中的第17-24小题、81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢
笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
第I卷（105分）
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours
every day.
A. between
B. along
C. below
D. with
26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.
A. three hour
B. a three-hours
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on
A. themselves
B. them
C. us
D. ourselves
28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having
B. have
C. have had
D. had had
29. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't
30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only
travelled the local market.
A. longer than
B. more than
C. as much as
D. as far as
31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored
B. has been restored
C. is restoring
D. is being restored
32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A. find
B. found
C. to find
D. finding
33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused
B. amusing
C. to amuse
D. to be amused
34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem
B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem
D. What serious a problem
35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached
36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. why
37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which
B. by which
C. to which
D. from which
39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as
a member.
A. Until
B. Unless
C. If
D. After
40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing
B. to reduce
C. reduced
D. reduce Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations(浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41___. Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be ___42___ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant ___43___ in atmospheric CO2, he said.
"We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in ___44___ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.
Dr. Parker and his colleagues have ___45___ out a detailed record of the trees
on a(n) ___46___ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing ___47___ tons of wood each year.
The scientists ___48___ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had ___49___ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.
When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. ___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.
When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.
Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping
the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.
Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?
50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career
51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words
52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced
53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved
54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover
58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training
59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor
60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate
61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing
62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear
63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints
64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.
That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.
Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.
Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.
But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.
The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!
65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .
A. get long lasting excitement
B. keep both man and elephants safe
C. send them back to the jungle
D. make the angry elephants tame
66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .
A. she spent her time hunting with her father
B. she learned how to sing love songs
C. she had already been called an elephant princess
D. she was taught how to hunt tigers
67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.
A. they are caught and sent for heavy work
B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them
C. they are attacked and their land gets limited
D. dogs often bark at them and chase them
68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.
A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks
B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse
C. elephant tamers are in short supply
D. dogs are as powerful as elephants
(B)
The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research
paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.
69. The research paper published is primarily concerned with
A. the way of preventing employee turnover
B. methods of improving employee performance
C. factors affecting employee turnover and performance
D. pay structures based on employee performance
70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .
A. the data analysis is hardly reliable
B. the research sample is not wide enough
C. the findings are of no practical value
D. the research method is out-of-date
71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?
A. Job hunters.
B. Employees in blue-chip companies.
C. Mid-level managers.
D. Researchers on employee turnover.
(C)
The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.
After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.
Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.
"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics
at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.
At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections(日
冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons
of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events
can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk
is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.
Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images
of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.
The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that
will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.
Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be
able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no
idea of what's caused the problem," he said.
72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics.
A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch
B. the collapse of broadcasting systems
C. the transportation breakdown in London
D. the destruction of weather satellites
73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?
A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.
B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.
C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.
D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.
74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.
A. take images of the solar system
B. provide early warning of thunderstorms
C. keep track of solar activities
D. improve the communications on Earth
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer
B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger
C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race
D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each
paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and
other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.
77.
NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.
78.
Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.
79.
Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.
80.
Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage
boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives.
Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)， but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.
Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high
school. The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
81. In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than ___________________.
82. As for P.E., some school boards either ____________.
83. What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?
84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?
第Ⅱ卷（共45分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.这本杂志花了我20多元。（cost）
2.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than）
3.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)
4.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。（there be）
5.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
下图是小学新生的课堂一脚，对照你当时的上课情况，作出比较并谈谈你的感受。你的作文必须包括：
●描述图片里学生上课的场景
●比较你同时期的上课情况
●简单谈谈你的感受
绝密*启用前解密时间：2018年6月8日16：40 [考试时间：6月S日15：00-16：40] 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (重庆卷) 英语试题卷 英语试题卷共10页。满分120分。考试时间l00分钟。 注意事项： I．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡 皮擦擦干净后，再迭涂其它答案标号。 3．答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。 4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。 5．考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、单项埴空(共L‘小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 请从A、B、c、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，井在答属卡上将该选项的 标号涂黑。例:A computer can only do __ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when 答案是 C。 I. A smile costs ____ . but gives much. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 2. -- Why not stay here a little longer? -- ____. but I really have to go. A. Never mind B. I'd love to C. Pleased to meet you D. I can't find any reason 3. I've ordered some pizza, so we ____ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can't B. dare not C, needn't D. may not 4. You'd better write down her phone number before you ____ it. A. forget B. are forgetting c. forgot D. will forget 5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_____ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语（北京卷） （考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分） 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C.as D. that 6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
湖南省2016年普通高等学校对口招生考试 数学(对口)试题 一. 选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是 符合题目要求的) 1. 设全集U={1，2，3，4，5}，A={1，2}，B={5},则() U A B ?=e( ) A.{5} B.{3，4，5} C.{3,4} D.{1,2,5} 2. 函数f(x)= 12x ?? ??? +2,x ∈{-1,2}的最大值为( ) A.4 B.3 C. 52 D. 94 3. “x<-1或x>2”是”x<-1”的( ) A.充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件 C.充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件 4. 不等式|2x+1|>5的解集为( ) A ．{x|x>2} B.{x|x<-3} C.{x|-3 A.[1,7] B.[1,9] C.[3,7] D.[3,9 ] 10．已知a,b,c 为三条不重合的直线，给出下面三个命题:①若a ⊥b,a ⊥c 则b//c;②若a ⊥b,a ⊥c 则b ⊥c;③若a//b,b ⊥c,则a ⊥c,其中正确的命题为( ) A ．③ B ．①② C ．①③ D ．②③ 二．填空题:（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分） 11．袋中有6个红色球，3个黄色球，4个黑色球，从袋中任取一个球，则取到的球 不是．． 黑色球的概率为 12．已知数列{a n }的前n 项和s n =n 2+2n,则a 2= 13.若不等式x 2+x-c ≤0的解集为{x|-2≤x ≤1},则c= 14.6位同学站成一排照相,其中甲,乙两人必须相邻,共有 种不同的排法(用数字作答) 15.已知A,B 为圆x 2+y 2=1上的两点, AB ,O 为坐标原点,则AB OA ?u u u r u u u r = 三．解答题:（本大题共7小题，其中第21，22小题为选做题。满分60分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤） 16．(本小题满分10分) 已知函数f(x)=log2(x-2). (I)求f(x)的定义域; (II)若f(m)+f(m-1)=1,求m 的值. 17.(本小题满分10分) 2018 年上海秋季高考语文卷 一积累应用（10 分） 1.填空（5 分） （1）子曰：“君子固穷，。”（《论语·卫灵公》）（1 分） （2）寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，。（李清照《》）（2 分） （3）《梦游天姥吟留别》中“，”两句描写梦中的声音，震动林泉，使人心惊胆战。（2 分） 2.按要求选择（5 分） （1）下列选项中，各句使用不恰当的一项是（）。（2 分） A、老吴七十学画，今天开画展，朋友发来短信：“莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。” B、沈教授为人真挚，安然奉教数十年，深受学生爱戴，可谓“桃李不言，下自成蹊。” C、王老师备课总是深入而又全面，她知道“以其昏昏，使人昭昭”是不可能的。 D、小赵的论文缺乏独到的见解，他的导师给他写评语说：“言之无文，行之不远。” （2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）（3 分） 艺术家可以活在艺术史中，，，，，艺术可以保持对 于时代的冷漠，从而彰显艺术的自主性品格。 ①艺术的独立性不是说艺术可以断绝与时代的关系 ②他们生活在社会历史之中 ③但更为普遍真实的是 ④而是说一种抵抗方式 A、③①④② B、③②①④ C、②①④③ D、②③①④ 二、阅读70 分 （一）阅读下文，完成第 3—7 题。（16 分） 喜怒哀乐的经济逻辑 熊秉元 ①十八世起的哲学家休谟说：“理智乃情感之奴。”也是说，人是情感、情绪的动物。 ②哲学家大多认为，喜怒哀乐，爱恨情仇是驾驭人的原始力量，理智不是居于支配和奴役的地位， 人的境况，还真是可悲可悯。 ③然而，法国人类学家列堆·斯特劳斯提醒世人：原始都落里看来古怪甚至是荒诞不经的仪式举措，背后其实都是有逻辑的。这位大师的见解，相当程度上改变了学界和世人对原始部落的认知。 ④既然原始部落那些古怪的仪式举措可以用新的方法得到解释，那么，情感、情绪是不是也可以用 新的眼光得到新的、不同的解读呢？ ⑤我们先从简单的例子说起，如果人真的是情感的动物，那么一旦受到处部环境的刺激，就应不加控制地将情感表达出来，可是，被师长责备时，有多少人会回嘴或怒目以对？对于上司或面试的主考官，有多少人会直接宣泄心中不满的情绪？大概不多，除非打定“此处不留人”的主意！可见，人并非情感的动物。情感的运用其实有规律可循。用经济学的话来说，就是对成本和效益的考量：对师长、上司、主考官等宣泄不满，成本高而效益低，做了不划算，因此不值得这么做。 ⑥比较复杂的一种情况是：很多人把气往父母兄弟身上出，对朋友却格外客气有礼，家人似乎比不 上朋友，这又是为什么呢？这种现象看起来奇怪，其实一点就明，还是成本效益的考量：家人被得罪， 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。 1.What does the man want to borrow? A.A pencil. B.An eraser. C.A pen. 2.What is the woman doing now? A.Eating. B.Going home. C.Having group study. 3.What does the man have for earthquake preparation? A.A candle. B.A radio. C.A flashlight. 4.Where does the conversation most probably take place? A.In a bank. B. In a hotel. C.In a store. 5.Where will the man go for his holiday? A.Brazil. B.Denmark. C.Greece. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays? A.At 5:00 pm. B.At 7:00 pm. C. At 8:00 pm. 7.What have the two speakers decided to do now? A.Go shopping. B.Take a walk. C.Have dinner 绝密★启封并使用完毕前 试题类型：A 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科数学 注意事项： 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.第Ⅰ卷1至3页，第Ⅱ卷3至5页. 2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置. 3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效. 4. 考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回. 第Ⅰ卷 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要 求的. 1．设复数z 满足1＋z 1－z ＝i ，则|z |＝ A ．1 B ． 2 C ． 3 D ．2 2．sin 20°cos 10°－cos 160°sin 10°＝ A ．－32 B ．32 C ．－12 D ．1 2 3．设命题P ：?n ∈N ，n 2＞2n ，则￢P 为 A ．?n ∈N ， n 2＞2n B ．?n ∈N ， n 2≤2n C ．?n ∈N ， n 2≤2n D ．?n ∈N ， n 2＝2n 4．投篮测试中，每人投3次，至少投中2次才能通过测试.已知某同学每次投篮投中的概率为0.6，且各 次投篮是否投中相互独立，则该同学通过测试的概率为 A ．0.648 B ．0.432 C ．0.36 D ．0.312 5．已知M (x 0，y 0)是双曲线C ：x 22 －y 2＝1 上的一点，F 1、F 2是C 上的两个焦点，若 MF 1→· MF 2 → ＜0 ，则y 0的取值范围是 A ．????－33，33 B ．????－36，36 C ．????－ 223，223 D ．????－233 ，233 6．《九章算术》是我国古代内容极为丰富的数学名著，书中有如下问题:“今有委米依垣内角，下周八尺， 高五尺.问:积及为米几何?”其意思为:“在屋内墙角处堆放米(如图，米堆为一个圆锥的四分之一)，米堆底部的弧度为8尺，米堆的高为5尺，问米堆的体积和堆放的米各为多少?”已知1斛米的体积约为1.62立方尺，圆周率约为3，估算出堆放斛的米约有 A ．14斛 B ．22斛 C ．36斛 D ．66斛 7．设D 为△ABC 所在平面内一点BC →＝3CD → ，则 A ．AD →＝－13A B →＋43A C → B ．A D → ＝13AB →－43AC → C ．AD →＝43AB →＋13AC → D ．AD → ＝43AB →－13 AC → 绝密★启用前解密时间：2014年6月8日16：40 【考试时间：6月8日15：00-16：40】2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(重庆卷) 英语试题卷 英语试题卷共10页。满分120分。考试时间l00分钟。 注意事项： I．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。 3．答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。 4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。 5．考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，井在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。 例: A computer can only do_______________ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 答案是C。1. A smile costs ___________________, but gives much. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 2. --- Why not stay here a little longer? --- ______________________, but I really have to go. A. Never mind B. I’d love to C. Pleased to meet you D. I can’t find any reason 3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _____________ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 4. You’d better write down her phone number before you __________________ it. A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget 5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_____________ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned 6. I can’t tell you_______ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have________ Wilson here in the village. A. the; a B. a; / C. a: the D. the; / 7. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _____________ the road. A. on B. along C. from, D. off 北京2018年高考英语真题卷 第一节 56. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括： (1) 表示欢迎；(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。 注意：(1). 词数不少于50；(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment. I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my plea sure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介 2019年江苏省高考数学试卷 一、填空题 1.已知集合123A ，，，245B ，，，则集合A B U 中元素的个数为_______. 2.已知一组数据4，6，5，8，7，6，那么这组数据的平均数为 ________. 3.设复数z 满足234z i （i 是虚数单位），则z 的模为_______. 4.根据如图所示的伪代码，可知输出的结果S 为________. 5.袋中有形状、大小都相同的 4只球，其中1只白球，1只红球，2只黄球，从中一次随机摸出2只球，则这2只球颜色不同的概率为________. 6.已知向量21a r ，，2a r 1，，若98ma nb mn R r r ，，则m-n 的值为______. 7.不等式 224x x 的解集为________. 8.已知tan 2，1 tan 7，则tan 的值为_______. 9.现有橡皮泥制作的底面半径为 5，高为4的圆锥和底面半径为2、高为8的圆柱各一个。若将它们重新制作成总体积与高均保持不变，但底面半径相同的新的圆锥与圆柱各一个，则新的底面半径为 。10.在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中，以点)0,1(为圆心且与直线)(012R m m y mx 相切的所有圆中，半径最大的圆的标准方程为 。11.数列}{n a 满足 11a ，且11n a a n n （*N n ），则数列}1{n a 的前10项和 为。12.在平面直角坐标系 xOy 中，P 为双曲线122y x 右支上的一个动点。若点P 到直线01y x 的距离对c 恒成立，则是实数c 的最大值为 。13.已知函数 |ln |)(x x f ，1,2|4|10,0)(2x x x x g ，则方程1|)()(|x g x f 实根的 个数为。14.设向量)12,,2,1,0)(6cos 6sin ,6(cos k k k k a k ，则1201)(k k k a a 的值 为。 2018年重庆市高考英语试卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do． Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school． Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices． （1）Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping？________ A.WBP． B.OUT． C. F.POT．． D.CR （2）What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs． Wilson？________ A.See a parade and fireworks． B.Travel to London． C.Visit the WWI battlefields．． D.Tour Central Paris．（3）How long does Potty about Potter last？________ A.Four days． B.Two days． C.One week． D.Five days． 2. Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia's fields are little power houses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein（蛋白质）, iron and zinc（not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants（抗氧化物质）. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries（樱桃）, they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat "ice cream". For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a "soft-serve" creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. （1）What does the author seem to like about cherries? A.They are high in vitamin A. B.They contain protein. C.They are rich in antioxidants. D.They have a pleasant taste. （2）Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A.To keep their colour. B.To make them smell better. C.To improve their nutrition. D.To speed up their ripening. （3）What is "a juicer" in the last paragraph? A.A drink. B.A dessert. C.A machine. D.A container. （4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A health magazine. B.A biology textbook. 第三部分：阅读理解(共25小题。A节每小题2分, B节每小题1分;满分45分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项中, 选出一个最佳答案。 B When I was a boy, I belonged to the Boy Scouts(童子军), so I used to go camping every summer, and once something happened which I have never been able to explain. We were camping in a place above a river. After arriving, we all rushed down to the river had a swim. Standing by the river, we noticed that it was surrounded(环绕)by cliffs (悬崖). If someone wanted to reach the river at this point, he had to walk past our camp. Several days later, the scoutmaster had to he away for a day. That afternoon, we had supper early. We were sitting round the fire, eating and talking, when a man walked past and went down towards the river. We all felt that this man looked very strange, but, because each of us was afraid of looking very stupid, no one said anything. We ate rather slowly, taking as long as possible. After finishing, we collected our plates together so that we could take them to the river where we always washed them. But no one moved towards the river- we stood looking at each other ashamed. Then all shouting at once, we began talking about the man who had walked past us. We agreed how strange he looked and we wondered what he could be doing by the river. We knew that he could only return by passing through our camp. An hour passed. Then one of the boys suggested we should creep(悄悄移动)down by the river so that we could see what the man was doing. Moving very slowly and keeping in the shadow, we crept down towards the bank.One boy climbed a tree so that he could see everything clearly. He called to us that there was no one there, so we ran down to the bank, looking every-where carefully. We could not understand where the man had gone. When it got dark, we went back to our camp feeling bewildered. We told the scoutmaster what had happened in the evening. Smiling, he doubted that we had seen the man, but finally suggested we go and look again. We did, but there was no one there. Many years have passed, but I still remember it as if it were yesterday. What did we see? I do not know. 绝密★启用 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷） 英语 录入：Love my dog 第Ⅰ卷（选择题共100分） 第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. —Excuse me. How much is the shirt — _______. A. Extra Large B. 50 each C. It sells well D. Altogether there are 5 2. New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. A. that B. this C. one D. it 3. —Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime. —Sure. ______. A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will 4. At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as 5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently. A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is 6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky. A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found 北京市海淀区2018届高三年级第二学期英语试题 本试卷共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷、答题卡、答题纸一并交回。 注意事项： 1．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 2．答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑包字迹的签字笔填写。 3．答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为 准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目 的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。 第一部分：听力（共三节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题 和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?[ A．Actor and actress． B．Customer and salesgirl．C．Husband and wife．2．Who will make a presentation this afternoon? A．Lily．B．Michael．C．Sophia．3．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a department store．B．In a post office． C．At an airport．4．What does the woman mean? A．She's seeing a doctor． B．She wants to sell her ticket． C．She'll wa tch the game on TV． 5．What is the conversation mainly about? A．The woman's study．B．The woman's friend．C．The woman's health． 第二节（共10小题；每题 1.5分，满分15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个 小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。(完整版)2018年上海高考语文试卷及答案(可编辑修改word版)
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