English Learning Paper of Grade One : Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
Period Three : Reading Part
Date of Lesson Preparation：Feb. 15th Date of teaching:
Leader of Lesson Preparation : QuShaohuan Designer：YangYanyan Learning Objectives:
Make the students learn some key words, phrases and useful expressions by reading. Important and Difficult Points:
Make sure the students promote their reading skills through reading comprehension. Knowledge Links:
Teach students to read effectively and learn reading skills.
Learning Guidance:
Refer to the text book and cooperate with partners
Learning Process:
I.Match the countries with their continents. (A级)把方框里国家和对应的大陆填空。
1). The passage introduces _______.
A. the Human Development Index
B. the important goals of the Human Development Report
C. the reason for agreement of the Human Development Report
D. the Human Development Report, and the efforts that the report made
2). which sentence is the topic sentence of the second paragraph?
A. The 1st sentence.
B. The 2nd sentence.
C. The last sentence.
3). which sentence is the topic sentence of the last paragraph?
A. The 1st sentence.
B. The 2nd sentence.
C. The last sentence.
4). In the year_____, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by _____ or earlier.
A. 2001, 2010
B. 2000, 2015
C. 2002, 2005
D. 1995, 2000
5). Which is NOT the way the Index measures a country’s achievements?
A. Life expectancy.
B. Education.
C. Income.
D. Environment
6). Which statement is true about the Human Development Index?
A. The USA is at the top of the list.
B. The UK is not one of the top ten countries.
C. It values a country’s success in many ways.
D. It’s the most important part of the Human Development Report.
7). Which of the following isn’t among the most important goals listed in the report?
A. To reduce poverty and hunger.
B. To make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11.
C. To fight AIDS and other diseases.
D. To get rid of all kinds of pollution.
8). About 400 million people have not enough to eat in _______.
A. North Asia and Africa
B. South Asia or Africa
C. South America and Africa
D. West Europe and South Asia
VII. Cultural corner. (C级)
Read the passage and answer these questions. 回答问题
1.What happens when two towns have a town twinning agreement?
_____________________________________________________________________
2.Why are town twinning agreements perhaps most useful for students and people who want to practice speaking another language?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why has town twinning become more popular in recent years?
_____________________________________________________________________
课后反思：
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
高一英语必修二课文翻译 Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. But just how do people form a band? Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music. They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may ptey to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires! However, there was one band that started in a different way. It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of the band. As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to rely on other musicians to help them. So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. Each week on TV，the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However。 after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work，the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996。 并非乐队的乐队
1 高中英语单词表 2 高中英语单词A开头单 3 1.accept vt.接受，承认 4 5 2.achieve v.达到，取得；完成，实现 6 3.add vi.&vt.加，增加，增进，补充说 7 4.admire vt.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 8 5.admit vt.接纳，让…进入，承认 9 6.advance[] vi.前进，进展vt. 推进，促进，提升，预付n.[C,U]前进，进展，进步，提10 升，预付款 11 12 7.advise vt.劝告，建议 13 8.afford vt.买得起，经受得住，承担得起 14 9.agree[] v.同意，赞成，答应 15 10.allow[] v.允许，准许 16 11.apologize / apologise[] vi.道歉 17 18 12.appear[] vi.出现，看来，似乎 13.apple[] n.[C]苹果 19 20 14.argue[] v.争论，说服，证明 21 15.arrive[] vi.到达，(时间)到来， 得出(结论)，(婴儿)出生 22 23 16.ask[] v.问，要求；请求
24 17.astonish[] vt.使惊讶，使吃 惊 25 26 18.attack[] v.攻击n.[C,U]进攻；(疾 病)发作 27 28 19.attempt[] v.& n.尝试，试图 29 20.attend[] v.出席；照料，护理；注 意 30 21.attract[]vt.引起(兴趣、注意)，31 招引 32 33 22.awake[] v.(awoke, awoken / awaked, awaked)醒，唤醒；使醒adj.(作表语)醒着的 34 高中英语单词B开头单词 35 bake[] v.烤，烘，焙 36 bathe[] v.浸，洗，(在河或海里)洗浴，游泳n.(用单37 数)游泳 38 be[]v.(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)是； 39 在；成为 40 beat[]v.(beat, beaten)敲打，(脉，心脏)跳动，打胜，41 打赢 42 become[] v.(became, become)变得，成为；适合(某43 人) 44 begin[] v.(began, begun)开始，着手 45 believe[] v.相信，认为 46 belong[] vi.属于，为…所有 47 bend[] v.(bent, bent)使弯腰，弯曲，专心于 48
《牛津高中英语》新教材之解析 发表时间：2010-02-06T11:56:18.187Z 来源：《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2010年第4期供稿作者：葛俊[导读] 本文结合笔者的教学实践对《牛津高中英语》教材进行了详细的解析。 摘要：随着新课程标准的实施，丰富多彩的学习内容提高了学生的学习兴趣，形式多样的活动活跃了课堂气氛。本文结合笔者的教学实践对《牛津高中英语》教材进行了详细的解析。 关键词：《牛津高中英语》；单词量；因材施教；两极分化 作者简介：葛俊，任教于江苏省扬州市瓜洲中学。 自新课程标准实施以来，笔者坚持学习新《英语课程标准》，努力以新课程理念指导教学，做了一些有益的尝试。丰富多彩的学习内容提高了学生的学习兴趣，形式多样的活动活跃了课堂气氛，教师角色的转变拉近了师生的距离，宽松愉快的学习氛围减轻了学生的学习负担。 笔者欣喜的看着课程改革带来的每一点进步，但同时也不断地遇到一些新情况、新问题，于是笔者边探索边前进，在探索中前进，在痛苦中成长。下面是笔者对《牛津高中英语》新教材教学的一些认识。 一、解决词汇量对学生的压力 我们扬州市使用的是《牛津高中英语》教材，这套教材每册大概有五百个单词，但是课后练习中出现大量生词。学生面临的最大困难和压力就是词汇，而词汇是高一年级教学的重点，只有打好了词汇基础，才有可能在阅读、写作等方面驾驭自如。 在词汇量较大时，要把握好教学的尺度，重点检测基础词汇，对不同类型的单词，可以有不同的要求，避免学生负担过重，失去学习英语的兴趣。 在教学过程中，可以教会学生音标和拼读规则，可以适当补充一些构词法等方面的知识来帮助学生记忆单词。 检测单词可以采用多种形式：单词竞赛、单词的中英互译、根据单词的首字母填空、短文选词填空、短文缺词填空等等。 英语教学的最终目的是让学生学会用语言知识来做事情，而不仅是学会一些词汇等。所以笔者认为，进行教学和检查学生单词掌握的情况，应以句子为最小单位，而不应以单词为单位。以交际为目的的外语教学应以句子为基础，整句学、整句用，多练句子，单词自然也学会了，而且还有利于掌握正确的语音语调。从心理学的观点看，记忆在意义上有联系的东西要优于无联系的东西。检查单词掌握的情况，可以采用听写句子、回答问题、补全对话、看图描述方法进行。虽然费时间，但从长远的观点来看，是大有裨益的。 二、处理超前语言现象 高一《牛津高中英语》教材中出现了大量的语法现象，如：定语从句、情态动词的推测用法、虚拟语气、倒装句等，而情态动词的推测用法、倒装句是我们老教材中高二才讲的语法项目，虚拟语气则是英语大纲中明确规定高考不考的语法项目。笔者认为，在高一阶段应尽量不要对语法规则作系统的讲解。 三、帮助学生巩固所学知识 1.培养联想记忆的习惯 语言是一种习惯，学习外语的方法也是一种习惯。教学中的重要一环就是要教会学生如何去学。高中阶段应通过构词法、语音的拼写规则等方法来学习单词和句子，使学生一开始就养成联想记忆的习惯。学生掌握了一定量的语言材料后，就要在教学中尽量使用这些材料。但不是对已学材料的简单重复（当然重复也有必要），而是有机地重新组合，使学生在脑中所储存的语言信息也做频繁的再组合。为了培养学生这方面的习惯，每个学习阶段可以组织学生比赛，看谁组合的新句子多，哪怕是简单的替换也应给予鼓励。还可比赛看谁将课堂上学的东西运用到课外的多，目的是促成一种学习外语的小环境。 2.增加通过视觉获得记忆信息的比重 改变单一通过听觉系统学习语言的状况。在现代化的多媒体视听手段普及的情况下，应在课堂上充分利用多媒体形象生动的优势，这样一来可以激起学生们学习语言的兴趣与热情，二来可以扩大课堂的容量。 3.提倡背诵课文 由于许多班级学生人数多，每个班级学生英语基础参差不齐，仅仅在教师们指导下的课堂上所作的pair work是很难达到增加学生语言输入量的目的的。学生缺少口头使用所学语言材料的机会，课后更缺少让学生利用所学语言的背景，那么背诵就是一个行之有效的办法。而且要提倡出声背诵，这对于积累语言材料，培养语感都有很大作用。 4.引入竞争机制，鼓励学生用笔写 写作训练不仅能够帮助学生巩固所学到的单词、句型、语法等知识，而且还能够扩大他们的视野，提高他们的书面表达能力和阅读理解的能力，更好地体现“学中用，用中学”。 四、因材施教，给学生信心，减小两极分化 边巩固，边新授，稳打稳扎，夯实基础，减少差生面，努力不让一个学生掉队，这是我们的教学指导思想。因此笔者的做法是： 1.对知识点分层处理 A层是最基本的知识，要求学生人人掌握。 B层的知识要求稍高些，鼓励学生掌握（A、B层次内容在课堂教学、课后作业及练习中为重点）。 C层是课本上出现的较难知识，只要求学生理解，不要求掌握，课堂上也不重点处理，鼓励有能力的学生进一步钻研。 2.合理分层布置作业 如机械抄写，默写课文，坚持每天跟读磁带，建立读书卡，用重点词汇和句型造句，模仿课文写作，从学生作业中收集典型错误，作为改错作业等等。 3.做好综合评价，形成性评价与终结性评价相结合
1
创业培训课程一、四大培训特色： 3
1、全实战专家授课：授课老师全部都是具有资深企业管理、运营经验的企业家、企业高管、投资人等，通过传授自身的企业运营经验，给创业培训班学员带来务实的指导和帮助！课堂之外，我们根据创业业者不同层次、不同阶段的不同需求，邀请资深专家给学员提供个性化服务，伴随创业者一路成长。 2、案例教学。我们以案例教学、头脑风暴、企业参访、角色互动等方式，让学员分组讨论学习商业计划书的写作，以帮助学员更系统地分析创业计划，在实践中更容易获得投资人的赏识。学员通过系统的学习创业知识，不仅能够提升创业能力，降低创业风险，还能结交到良师益友。 3、模拟商战。引入全球模拟公司联合体中国中心的“金马兰创业实训平台”，组织学员模拟现实市场环境，进行实战演练。通过创业实训平台的学习，学员对企业经营管理有更深入的理解。 4、增值服务。我们以创业培训为基础，整合各类创业资源，为学员提供融资、法律、财务、营销、媒体、孵化器等各类资源，充分满足学员的个性化需求，以最大程度地帮助学员创业成功。学员结业后均可加入第一创业俱乐部，参加我们举办的各类主题的创业讲座、沙龙、论坛、项目路演、聚会等，我们将为学员提供持续、有效、完善的增值服务。二、培训目标： ·掌握创业的基本要素、实施步骤、开业流程及经营技能，提升创业能力，降低创业风险； . 掌握商业模式、品牌管理、项目评估、市场营销、财务管理、商务沟通、股权架构、团队领导力等系统的创业知识； ·了解现阶段的创业环境及政府的相关创业补贴和扶持政策； ·规划创业生涯，掌握撰写切实可行的创业计划书的方法； 三、内容： 品牌命名与商标注册 市场开发与营销推广 股权分配与公司治理 公司财务规划与管理 团队领导力培养与提升 商业计划书写作 投资收益风险评估 环境分析 项目确定公司注册 创业计划开业准备 公司经营与管理 公司交易 创业能力测评 风险管理 项目路演 商务沟通 4
Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.
第一单元文化遗产 阅读一 寻找琥珀 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世从未想过他送个普鲁士人民伟大的礼物会有一点如此惊奇的历史。这个礼物是因为由几吨琥珀制成而命名的琥珀屋。这些被挑选的琥珀都有着像蜂蜜一样漂亮的黄棕色。这间屋的设计是当时最流行的奇特的风格。这同样是一件花了当时最好的艺术家大约十年用黄金和珠宝修饰制成的宝物。 事实上，这间屋不是制来当礼物的。这是为腓特烈一世的领土而设计的。然而，普鲁士下一任国王同样是琥珀屋的拥有者，腓特烈威廉一世决定不保留琥珀屋。在1716年他把琥珀屋送给了彼得大帝。作为报答，沙皇给了腓特烈一队他最好的士兵。因此琥珀屋成为了沙皇避寒圣地圣彼得堡的一部分。琥珀屋作为一个大概四米长的只为重要访客的小接待处。 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世把琥珀屋在圣彼得堡之外的一个她避暑的地方。她让她的艺术家加了跟多的细节在里面。在1770年琥珀屋完全成了她想要的样子。接近600只蜡烛在屋内燃烧着，把镜子和图画都照得像金子一样。令人伤心的，虽然被誉为是世界奇迹之一的琥珀屋现在丢失了。 在1941年9月，纳粹军队在圣彼得堡附近。这正是两个国家在交战的时候。在纳粹去到避暑地方之前，俄国人民能够从琥珀屋里搬走一些家具和小的艺术品。然而，一些纳粹神秘的偷走了琥珀屋。至少两天内100000多片琥珀被放进27个木箱里。这些箱子无疑会被放进一艘去往当时德军驻扎的菠萝的海的哥尼斯堡的船上。之后，琥珀屋发生了神马仍然是个迷。 最近，俄国和德国人民在避暑的地方制造了一座新的琥珀屋。通过研究之前的琥珀屋的照片，他们制造了一座新的琥珀屋像旧的那座一样。在2003年它被圣彼得堡的人民用来庆祝这座城市的300岁生日。 阅读二 一个事实还是一个观点 神马是事实？是一些人们相信的东西吗？不！事实是可以被证明的任何事。例如，可以证明中国人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都要多。这是一个事实。 那么神马是一个观点？一个观点是人们相信那是真的但还没有被证明的。所以一个观点在一个审判中不是一个好的证据。例如，如果你说“猫是比狗好的宠物”这会是一个观点。这可能是真的，不过很难去证明。一些人可能不同意这个观点不过他们也不能去证明他们是对的。在一场审批中，一个审判官一定要去决定相信哪个目击者哪个目击者不应该相信。这个审判官不会去考虑每个目击者的长相或人们在哪里居住或工作。他/她只关心目击者是否会提供真是的信息，信息一定是事实而不是观点。这类的信息被称为证据。 第二单元奥林匹克运动会 阅读一 一个采访 大约2000年前的一个希腊作者帕萨尼亚斯(P)，在2007年3月18日踏上了一段魔幻的旅程去查明关于现代的奥林匹克运动会。他正在采访一个2008年奥林匹克运动会志愿者李岩(L)。 P:我是帕萨尼亚斯。我住在你们所说的“古希腊”而且在很久之前我常常写以一些关于奥林匹克运动会的事情。我来到你的时代是为了解关于现代奥林匹克运动会因为我知道2004年奥林匹克运动会会在我家乡举办。我可以问你一些关于现代奥林匹克运动会的问题么？
必修二 Unit 1 In search of the amber room Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the c ountry’s best artists about ten years to make. In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at a time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city. 寻找琥珀屋 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。这件礼物就是琥珀屋, 它之所以叫这个名字,是因为建造这间房子用了好几吨琥珀,被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽, 呈黄褐色像蜜一样。屋子的设计采用当时流行的奇特风格。琥珀屋也是用金银珠宝装饰的珍品，这花费了全国最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间才完成。 事实上, 琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。它是为腓烈特一世的宫殿而建造。然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓烈特·威廉一世, 这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不再保留它了。1716年, 他把它送给了彼得大帝。作为回馈, 沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。所以, 琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡东宫的一部分。琥珀屋长约4米, 被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。 后来、叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外避暑的宫殿中。她让艺术家们给它增添了更多的装饰。1770年,这间琥珀屋按她要求的方式完工了。将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间,里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。不幸的是,虽然琥珀屋被认为是世界奇迹之一,可是现在它却消失了。
Unit 3 Reading词组归纳 1. 世界上第一个克隆的哺乳动物 the world’s first cloned mammal 2. （口头）通知/宣布她有罪/向日本宣战 make an announcement/declare her guilty/declare 3. 引起全世界的争论/引起极大的焦虑cause much debate around the world/cause great anxiety 4. 一方面，另一方面on the one hand. on the other hand 5. 即将生产出一个怪物be on the way to producing a monster 6. 用这种方式戏弄自然toy with nature in this way 7. 比正常的年龄早死die at an earlier age than normal 洪水袭击这个地区一周后，一切恢复正常。 A week after the flood hit the area, everything returned to normal. 8. 在动物世界导致更多的疾病lead to more diseases in the animal world 9. 指出你的错误point out your mistake 恐怕你说的话有点离题。I’m afraid that what you said was off the point. He was on the point of jumping into the river to have a good swim when luckily the guide came and stopped him in time, saying a man-eating fish in the river would eat a man in two minutes, leaving only bones. 10. 总的说来generally speaking 11. 因杰出的科学进步而受到表扬be praised for the scientific advance 12. 考虑克隆人类/把一切考虑在内/consider cloning human beings/take everything into consideration 1)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he could have done it better. 2)We should consider the students’ request _______ the school library provide more books on popular
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible