科技英语一套
单项选择题
第1题As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______ areas. 本题1分
A、hospitable…uninhabitable
B、uninhabitable…hospitable
C、habitable…inhospitable
D、inhospitable …uninhabitable
第2题A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. 本题1分
A、astronomer
B、scientist
C、candidate
D、researcher
B第3题There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to
give reliable worldwide coverage. 本题1分
A、mark
B、orbit
C、store
D、line
A第4题The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year
courses __________ the areas in greater depth. 本题1分
A、classify
B、investigate
C、clarify
D、examine
D第5题Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now. 本题1分
A、favorable
B、critical
C、profitable
D、stable
B第6题If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are
likely to become irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______. 本题1分
A、efficient
C、deficient
D、proficient
第7题She became the first woman to enter the school but withdrew after a few days ________ stress. 本题1分
A、in spite of
B、in stead of
C、because of
D、in honor of
C第8题She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself. 本题1
分
A、rescued
B、held
C、restrained
D、curbed
D第9题After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help. 本题
1分
A、pound
B、stabber
C、turn
D、stagger
C第10题The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the
local ecosystem. 本题1分
A、break
B、balance
C、contaminate
D、contain
B第11题Why don’t you do something about your room —it’s really a ______. 本题1分
A、hump
B、dump
C、bump
D、lump
C第12题Work has seemingly ______ into everything, including dinner parties. 本题1分
A、probed
C、seeped
D、filtered
B第13题The king blamed ______ and taxes for high oil prices and suggested setting up a
program of 1 billion U.S. dollars to solve the oil crisis. 本题1分
A、peculiarity
B、speculation
C、spectacle
D、prospect
B第14题A few of the drugs are ______ and not covered by insurance companies. 本题1分
A、influential
B、experimental
C、substantial
D、accidental
B第15题Although he has his own ideas, he seldom ______ advice from other people. 本题1
分
A、overlook
B、neglect
C、ignore
D、disregard
D第16题It is expected that in the future robots will ______ man to do those dangerous jobs. 本
题1分
A、relax
B、relate
C、request
D、replace
B第17题If a murderer intentionally set out to __________ a crime, he should answer for the
consequences. 本题1分
A、perform
B、commit
C、execute
D、accomplish
A第18题A contract is the only document between the parties to which they may ______ for
clarification （澄清）of mutual responsibilities. 本题1分
A、refer
B、offer
C、prefer
D、differ
B第19题Before you started to ______, make sure the road is clear ahead of you; otherwise it
might lead to an accident. 本题1分
A、overwork
B、overtake
C、overhear
D、oversee
D第20题Many people ______ it is healthy to drink a lot of fruit juice, but actually it damages
health. 本题1分
A、infer
B、assume
C、recognize
D、realize
问答题
第21题
英译汉：
If you are successful, you won’t have to go ask for a raise or accept what you’re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.
本题3分
输入更多…
如果你是成功的，你就不用请求加薪，不必勉强接受所给予你的，无需担心年轻的你一路走来会达到什么成就
第22题
英译汉：
What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.
本题3分
输入更多…
关于发展援助给当地居民经济替代切割森林和耕作土地怎么样？这样的资金得来不易
第23题
英译汉：
He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
本题3分
输入更多…
他是不可能真正快乐的，如果被社会强迫做自己不喜欢做的事情,又或者喜欢做的事情被社会所忽略、被认为是毫无价值、不重要的。
第24题
英译汉：
Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably.
本题3分
输入更多…
面对网络大范围内的病毒攻击，但是我们会越来越依赖于网络的功
能，这使得我们更加沮丧
第25题
英译汉：
Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.
本题3分
输入更多…
化工石油是一种极其复杂的化合物，还含有少量的氮气，氧气和硫磺
等杂质
第26题
汉译英：
他虽然学识渊博，但对这种生物科技引起的情况他也不知道如何应付。(for all )
本题3分
输入更多…
For all he is learned, he has no idea how to deal with the situation caused by the biotechnology.
第27题
汉译英：
只要不断努力，你早晚都会学好俄语的。(sooner or later)
本题3分
输入更多…
If you keep trying, you will learn Russian sooner or later.
第28题
汉译英：
那位新的候选人决定参加2012年美国总统大选时，竞争对手的竞选活动已全面展开。(be in full wing)
本题3分
输入更多…
The new candidate decided to participate in 2012, when the U.S. presidential election rivals campaign has already started
第29题
汉译英：
这在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应。(depend on)
本题3分
输入更多…
It depends a lot on her reaction to the problem.
第30题
汉译英：
我反对该项计划，理由是花费太大。(on the grounds that )
本题3分
输入更多…
I am against the plan on the grounds that the cost is too high.
阅读理解题
第31题
Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.
Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.
Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.
Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.
Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.
Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and
to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.
The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.
本题15分
C1．1
What is mainly dealt with in the passage?
A、The formation of oil.
B、The formation of rocks.
C、The general introduction of geology.
D、The roles of geology in finding oil.
D2．2
Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.
A、the minerals in the earth’s crust
B、the rocks in the earth’s crust
C、the evolution and development of the earth
D、the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth
A3．3
One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.
A、a source rock
B、a black mud
C、the seawater
D、organic compounds
B4．4
In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.
A、accelerate the travel speed of the oil
B、hinder the oil to move upward
C、help the oil to move upward
D、help people to discover the oil
B5．5
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A、Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil
B、A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where roc
C、An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.
D、A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.
第32题
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would (2) , to a great extent, (3) your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best (4) Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5) begins a job, being convinced that he isn’t going to like it or (6) that he is going to fail, is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder（阻碍）his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his (7) that he is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.
(10) the prerequisite （必须的）skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book keeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw (11) hopeless cases.
This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and (13) the weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you must first (14) stock of where you stand now. (15) we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16) in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening (17) skills. However, (18) begin with, you should (19) to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your (20) , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
本题20分
C1．1
第一题选项
A、improvement
B、victory
C、failure
D、achievement
A2．2
第二题选项
A、depend
B、present
C、separate
D、interact
B3．3
第三题选项
A、in
B、on
C、of
D、to
B4．4
第四题选项
A、excess
B、advantage
C、necessity
D、productivity
A5．5
第五题选项
A、who
B、what
C、that
D、which
C6．6
第六题选项
A、ensure
B、assure
C、sure
D、surely
D7．7
第七题选项
A、version
B、balance
C、pattern
D、belief
C8．8
第八题选项
A、to
B、at
C、of
D、for
D9．9
第九题选项
A、near
B、on
C、by
D、at
C10．10
第十题选项
A、Have
B、Had
C、Having
D、Had been
C11．11
第十一题选项
A、being
B、been
C、are
D、is
D12．12
第十二题选项
A、except
B、but
C、for
D、on
B13．13
第十三题选项
A、overhear
B、overcome
C、overtake
D、overlook
B14．14
第十四题选项
A、make
B、take
C、do
D、give
A 15．15
第十五题选项
A、As
B、Till
C、Over
D、Out
A16．16
第十六题选项
A、treated
B、treating
C、dealt
D、dealing
C17．17
第十七题选项
A、learnt
B、learned
C、learning
D、learn
B18．18
第十八题选项
A、around
B、to
C、from
D、beside
D19．19
第十九题选项
A、pause
B、tend
C、afford
D、devote
C20．20
第二十题选项
A、strength
B、status
C、attitude
D、weakness
第33题
Psychiatrists ( 精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an
asset in child rearing - older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, "end up retiring much later." For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.
Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. "My body is aging," says Metcalf. "You can't get away from that."
Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. "They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school," says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: "that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their child," she says.
Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins. "We both wanted children," says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, "a sense of family." Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. 'The dads are older, more mature," says Dr. Silber, "and more ready to focus on parenting."
本题15分
D1．1
Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?
A、Older parents can better balance their resources against children's demands.
B、Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.
C、Older parents are often better prepared financially.
D、Older parents can take better care of their children.
A2．2
What does the author mean by saying "For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream" (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?
A、They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
B、They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.
C、They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.
D、They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.
C3．3
The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that ____.
A、many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age.
B、taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy.
C、older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.
D、older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children.
D4．4
What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?
A、Being laughed at by other people.
B、Slowing down of their pace of life.
C、Being mistaken for grandparents.
D、Approaching of death.
B5．5
What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?
A、They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.
B、Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.
C、They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.
D、Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.
科技英语二套
单项选择题
第1题The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about the uncertainty of the future. 本题1分
A、melted
B、transmitted
C、filtered
D、flowed
第2题We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______. 本题1分
A、in register
B、to document
C、in between
D、on record
B第3题The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial. 本题1分
A、in no case
B、in any case
C、in case of
D、in case
A第4题Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance – for exam ple when you’re clearing out an old building. 本题1分
A、come by
B、come in
C、come out
D、come down
D第5题Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa. 本题1分
A、rest with
B、resort to
C、render into
D、reside in
A第6题You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ______ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress. 本题1分
A、deal
B、agree
C、combat
D、dispute
B第7题We’ve worked out a method by which our pr oduction can be raised on a large ______. 本题1分
A、quantity
B、scale
C、quality
D、proportion
C第8题It is a universal ______ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicate with each other by means of language. 本题1分
A、admission
B、permission
C、acknowledgement
D、advancement
A第9题Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the press conference. 本题1分
A、capacity
B、capability
C、possibility
D、probability
A第10题When he applied for a ______ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. 本题1分
A、position
B、location
C、profession
D、career
D第11题If you don’t take your umbrella, you’re going to get ______. 本题1分
A、sank
B、soaped
C、foamed
D、soaked
B第12题Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ is never considered. 本题1分
A、inspect
B、prospect
C、aspect
D、retrospect
B第13题One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks. 本题1分
A、compare
B、coincide
C、collide
D、content
B第14题We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ so as to increase our productivity and relieve our exhaustion. 本题1分
A、pace
B、atmosphere
C、rhythm
D、hemisphere
B第15题The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lot of attention. 本题1分
A、vision
B、version
C、refinement
D、verification
D第16题We seem to be driven to find what we ______ as ―the missing piece‖ in our lives as if we are flawed, or not good enough. 本题1分
A、achieve
B、receive
C、deceive
D、perceive
D第17题Beware of the forged notes, many of which are ______ now. 本题1分
A、in return
B、in consequence
C、in turn
D、in circulation
A第18题I w i s h I c o u l d______t h i s c o l d;
i t’s b e e n h a n g i n g a b o u t f o r t w o o r t h r e e d a y s n o w.本题1分
A、g e t r i d o f
B、m a k e u p f o r
C、c h a r g e o f f
D、m a k e p r o f i t s f r o m
D第19题T h e p o l i c e a r e t r y i n g t o f i n d o u t t h e______o f t h e w o m a n k i l l e d i n t h e t r a f f i c a c c i d e n t.本题1分
A、e v i d e n c e
B、p r o o f
C、s t a t u s
D、i d e n t i t y
A第20题S u c c e s s i n e s t a b l i s h i n g a g o o d n i g h t-t i m e r o u t i n e l e a d s t o i n c r e a s e d c o n f i d e n c e a n d h a p p i n e s s a l l r o u n d,m a k i n g a l l t h e h a r d w o r k w e l l______t h e e f f o r t.本题1分
A、w o r t h
B、w o r t h w h i l e
C、w o r t h l e s s
D、w o r t h y
问答题
第21题
英译汉
I n d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s d e s p e r a t e t o f e e d f a s t-g r o w i n g a n d u n d e r f e d p o p u l a t i o n s,t h e i s s u e i s s i m p l e r a n d m u c h m o r e u r g e n t:D o t h e b e n e f i t s o f b i o t e c h o u t w e i g h t h e r i s k s?
本题3分
在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?
第22题
英译汉
O n c e i n f e c t e d,y o u r m o n e y w i l l b e t r a n s f e r r e d t o a n a d d i t i o n a l a c c o u n t o p e n e d b y t h e v i r u s p r o g r a m w i t h o u t a n y b o d y k n o w i n g i t.
本题3分
一旦感染,你的钱就会转移到所建立的其他帐户上了病毒程序的没有任何人知道。
第23题
英译汉
B u t d e p e n d e n c y i s n o v i c e w h e n t h e h a b i t i s h e a l t h f u l—a n d y o u d o n’t h a v e t o b e a n O l y m p i a n t o b e n e f i t.
但是当依赖是一种健康的习惯时，就不算是缺点---你不需要一定是奥运会运动员才能获益。
本题3分
输入更多…
第24题
英译汉
P e t r o l e u m i s b e l i e v e d t o b e p r o d u c e d n a t u r a l l y f r o m d e a d a n i m a l s a n d v e g e t a b l e m a t t e r a t t h e b o t t o m s o f s h a l l o w s e a s a n d s w a m p s.
本题3分
输入更多…
石油被认为是脱离死动物和植物物质的底部的浅海区,沼泽地自然的产生。
第25题
英译汉
E i t h e r p a r t y t h a t d i s a g r e e s t o t h e a r b i t r a t i o n m a y f i l e a l a w s u i t a t t h e p e o p l e’s c o u r t.
本题3分
输入更多…
任何反对仲裁的一方都可以向法院提出诉讼。
第26题
汉译英
那位新的候选人决定参加竞选时，竞争对手们的竞选活动均已达到高潮。(i n f u l l s w i n g)
本题3分
输入更多…
W h e n t h e n e w c a n d i d a t e d e c i d e d t o r u n f o r t h e e l e c t i o n,h i s c o m p e t i t o r s’c a m p a i g n s h a d b e e n i n f u l l s w i n g.
第27题
汉译英
他日益发现一份奔波于全球的职业同传统的家庭生活很难兼具。(combine with)
本题3分
输入更多…
He increasingly finds a globe-hopping career hard to combine with a traditional family life.
第28题
汉译英
我上大学时只能靠粗茶淡饭过活。(live on )
本题3分
输入更多…
I had to live on bread and water when I was a college student.
第29题
汉译英
中国是一个富产宝贵的自然资源—原油的国家。(be rich in)
本题3分
输入更多…
China is a country rich in crude oil which is a precious natural resource.
第30题
汉译英
我祖母的故乡位于纽约和芝加哥之间的某个小镇上。(in between)
本题3分
输入更多…
My grandmother's hometown in New York and Chicago between a small town
阅读理解题
第31题
Many people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define ―wisdom‖ and consider means of promoting it.
There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of course I should put first a sense of proportion; the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to
each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have not time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say), as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.
Therefore with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增加) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.
本题15分
B1．1
Disagreement arises when people try to decide ______.
A、how much more wisdom we have now than before
B、what wisdom is and how to develop it
C、if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age
D、Whether wisdom can be developed or not
D2．2
According to the author, ―wisdom‖ is the ability to ______.
A、carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work
B、give each important problem some careful consideration
C、acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge
D、give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem
B3．3
Lowering the infant death-rate may ______.
A、prove to be helpful everywhere in the world
B、give rise to an increase in population in Europe
C、cause food shortages in Asia and Africa
D、raise the living standard of the people in Africa
A4．4
The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that _____.
A、it’s extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in a problem
B、success in medical research has its negative effects
C、scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race.
D、it’s unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine
C5．5
What is the main idea of the passage?
A、It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a power
1．第1题 单选题 It is required that anyone who applies for this job should ______ a recent photo to the application form A、attack B、attach C、attend D、attempt 标准答案：B 您的答案：B 题目分数：5 此题得分：5.0 批注： 2．第2题 单选题 In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some ______ shops in the area A、flowing B、mobile C、drifting D、unstable 标准答案：B 您的答案：B 题目分数：5 此题得分：5.0 批注： 3．第3题 单选题 _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. A、Little they realize B、They little realize C、They realize little D、Little do they realize 标准答案：D 您的答案：D 题目分数：5 此题得分：5.0 批注：
4．第4题 单选题 Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _____, so we didn’t accept the offer. A、not being finished B、had not finished C、not having finished D、was not finishing 标准答案：A 您的答案：A 题目分数：5 此题得分：5.0 批注： 5．第5题 单选题 If an employee of a company has not signed a contract, he is under no ______ to pay the company any money A、obligation B、resignation C、allowance D、supervision 标准答案：A 您的答案：A 题目分数：5 此题得分：5.0 批注： 6．第6题 单选题 The labor contract includes the rights and obligations of the employers and employees, employment and training of the worker, the ______ term of the contract, wage, etc A、vivid B、vital C、valid D、vain 标准答案：C 您的答案：C
《专业英语阅读云写作》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 二、课程性质和目的 专业英语阅读与写作是电气工程及其自动化专业的专业英语课程，是将专业知识的学习与英语的学习有机地结合起来，在基础英语知识的基础上，侧重了专业英语的阅读与翻译技巧的训练。通过本课程的学习，使学生能够熟练阅读本专业外文教材，掌握专业英语翻译技巧和英文写作的基本要求，为从事相关工作打下坚实的基础。 三、课程教学的基本要求 1．熟悉一般科普类英语的文体，掌握科技英语浏览和阅读的基本技巧； 2．掌握科技词汇的一般构词和使用方法； 3．掌握英文正式书信和其他常用应用文的描述与写作方法； 4．掌握英文中图、表和曲线的描述与写作方法； 5．熟悉专业英语文体、阅读及翻译技巧。 6．熟悉专业英语文献的基本结构，如摘要、引用、时态、参考文献等，借鉴IEEE文献格式，掌握专业英语中写作的一般方法。 四、课程教学基本内容 1．科技英语阅读 电气工程及其自动化专业科技英语阅读包括三个阅读单元，每个单元由一篇核心阅读内容（CRT）和一篇补充阅读内容（SRT）构成。每个单元附有大量的阅读练习，包括科技词汇、语法、阅读理解和翻译等。每单元4学时。 (1) CRT：Stampede on the Superhighway SRT：The Complete Survival Guide to the Information Superhighway (2) CRT：Traffic Technology Drivers to clear the road SRT：Factors in the Development of Transportation (3) CRT：Once and Future Landfills SRT：Water Resource Management System
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
功能对等理论视角下的科技英语翻译 摘要：科技英语翻译作为翻译领域内重要的组成部分之一，在国际交流中占重 要地位。科技英语本身所具有的准确、简洁、严谨和客观等特征使译者在翻译科 技文本时需要具有更高的要求。本文旨在从功能对等理论的视角下探讨科技英语 的翻译策略。本文在奈达的功能对等理论视角下进行分析研究，从语义和风格两 方面提出了科技英语的翻译策略，对科技英语翻译质量的提高有积极的指导作用。关键词：科技英语翻译；功能对等；翻译策略 一、科技英语的特点 随着科技的迅速发展，国与国之间在科技方而的交流日益频繁，科技英语 材料越来越多，科技翻译也就显得越来越重要。科技英语是一种信息型的文体， 其主要用途是传递信息。它具有叙述客观、严谨周密、概念准确、逻辑性强、行 文精炼、句式严整等特点，名词化结构因其客观、准确的特点而被频繁应用于科 技英语中。 与文学类语言相比，科技英语有其显著的语言特征，主要体现在词汇和句 法特征两方面。词汇上的差别是科技英语区别于文学语言最显著的特征之一，即 大量使用专业术语。科技领域内的工作人员都倾向于使用客观、直接、简洁的语 言和词汇来描述事物。总的来说，科技英语在词汇方面的特点主要体现在以下几 个方面：（一）将普通词汇专业化形成专业技术词汇。科技英语中的很多专业术 语都是通过赋予普通英语词汇新的含义而得来的，为了熟悉专业术，功能对等视 角下的科技英语翻译语，译者必须阅读大量的专业领域的科技文本，以使翻译成 品更专业准确。（二）借用其他学科词汇形成半专业技术词汇。半专业词汇是由 普通词汇转化演变而来，本身含有一般词义，但在不同学科和专业中有不同的意义。（三）广泛使用缩略词。为了表达简洁方便，科技英语中都会使用大量的缩 略语。为了体现其客观准确性，避免带有主观色彩的叙述，科技英语会较多地使 用被动语态，名词化结构以及各种复合句。名词化结构有利于达到交际目的，派 生名词的使用则可以有效简化叙事层次和结构，减少从句的使用频率，使科技英 语的行文更加直接、精炼，达到较少的篇幅表达更多的内容，从而使文篇更简洁、浓缩和凝练。 二、功能对等理论 “功能对等理论”的创始人是美国著名翻译学家尤金奈达，他在著作《翻译科学探索》中首次提出“动态对等”的概念。该理论一经提出，就在当时的翻译界产 生了很大反响。在后来出版的《翻译理论与实践》中，他对“动态对等”做了明确 定义：动态对等就是“译文读者对译文信息的反应与原文读者对原文信息的反应基本一致”。尤金奈达指出所谓动态对等翻译是“在译入语里产生和源语信息最切近 的自然对等语”，其中包括三个方面，即形式、内容、读者的反应。其中内容和形式是基础，读者的反应是核心。奈达认为内容比形式更重要。奈达的功能对等是 相对意义上的对等，是相对程度的接近，不可能做到绝对的对等，因为每个民族 的思维方式不完全相同。 功能对等理论是一种活应范围很广的翻译理论，之所以能出现科技英语名 词化结构的翻译，主要是以下原因。首先功能对等理论目标是通过在译入语里产 化与原文信切近的对等语，实现原文和译文在风格和意义上的对等，这点是对所
科技英语作业
沈阳工业大学机械工程学院简介 沈阳工业大学机械工程学院于1999年成立，有着深厚的文化底蕴，现已发展成为沈阳工业大学第一大学院。 目前，机械工程学院已形成完整的学科架构，拥有5个本科专业、5个学术型硕士学位授权点和3个专业型硕士学位授权点，覆盖了机械制造及其自动化、机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、车辆工程、工业工程、物流工程、工业设计等学科方向。学院现有教授17人，副教授27人，讲师31人，高级工程师7人，教师队伍中48人具有博士学位。 学院机械工程学科的发展一直注重创新，追求科技成果切实为生产实际服务。学院科学研究机构有：专用数控机床开发中心、工业机器人研究所等。 学院始终把人才培养作为根本任务，积极改革人才培养模式，为把学院建成国内有影响的、高水平的学院而不懈努力。 Abstract of School of Mechanical Engineering of Shenyang University of Technology Established in 1999, School of Mechanical Engineering of Shenyang University of Technology, which has a deep cultural background, now has been developed into the biggest school of Shenyang University of Technology. School of Mechanical Engineering has already formed a complete disciplinary structure, with 5 undergraduate majors, 5 academic master's degree authorizations and 3 professional master's degree authorization, covering machinery manufacturing and automation, mechanical and electrical engineering, mechanical design and theory, vehicle engineering, industrial engineering, logistics engineering, industrial design and other disciplines. The school now includes 17 professors, 27 associate professors, 31 lecturers, senior engineer 7, and 48 teachers in the team with a doctorate. The development of School of Mechanical Engineering has always been focusing on innovation, and the pursuit of scientific and technological achievements for the practical services of actual production. The scientific research institutions in the school are: Special CNC Machine Development Center, Industrial Robot Research Institute and so on. Having been taking the cultivation of talents as the task all the time, the school actively reforms the mode of personnel training, and makes unremitting efforts for building the school into a influential and high-level school of the country.
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”）for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the
试谈科技英语说明书的特点及翻译策略 科技英语说明书兼具科技英语和说明书的特点，即客观[3]、专业性强、逻辑性强、术语多，说明少等特点。笔者针对此类文体，提出“准确、通顺、简练”的翻译标准，并分别探讨了每个标准。 标签：科技英语说明书翻译 一、科技英语说明书的特点 科技英语说明书是科技文章的一类，既有科技英语的一般共性，又有其独特的个性。与非科技英语相比，科技英语里的复杂长句比较多，一句话里包含三个以上子句的情况是常见的，包含五六个子句以上的情况也决非个别。这是由于科技文章要求叙述准确，推理严密致。其次，科技英语中被动句使用频繁。被动句中把受事作为句子的主语，突出强调动作的承受者，即动作执行的对象。受事在科技文中通常表现为客观事物，科技文章着重叙述客观事实，并希望强调所论述的事物，所以多采用以客观事物为主体的被动语态。此外，非限定词使用较多和词性转换较多也是科技文章的显著特征，在此不再赘述。科技英语说明书作为科技文章的一种个性，除兼具以上特征之外，还有自身的特点，如术语密集，列举物件多而说明少。因为读者多半是直接使用者，事先已经知道这些术语。因此，翻译时要注意这些术语的标准译法。另外，说明书的使用者为产品的购买者，文中出现“you”的地方，一律翻译为“您”表示尊敬，但对于原文中的警告、注意事项，译文也要采取相应的警示语气，提醒使用者注意[4]。 二、科技英语说明书的翻译策略 严复的“信、达、雅”可谓翻译的“三字真经”，结合科技英语说明书的特点，仿照严复的三字论及国内其他学者对应用文体提出的翻译标准，笔者提出三词论——“准确、通顺、简练”作为科技英语说明书的翻译标准。阎庆甲[5]在《科技英语翻译方法》一书中提出“明确、通顺、简练”的科技翻译标准，黄洁[1]《科技文翻译之实、准、简—译Harmony有感》一文中引用了李长栓[2]（2008）对应用文写作的三字基本要求“实、准、简”。实，实质内容要求实事求是。准，是表达形式、语言、引用事例、数字、图片都要准确无误;简，就是简洁明了，要直截了当，不说套话、废话、不绕弯子。此理论可谓面面俱到。笔者认为科技说明书，目的在与介绍国外先进仪器设备的使用方法，若翻译不正确，轻则对使用者产生困扰，重则产生危害。因此，译文在技术内容上要忠实于原文，不应有模糊不清，模棱两可的地方。准确，应为科技说明文翻译的最高标准。通顺，是说译文要符合目的语的语法特点，行文习惯。可通过长句拆分，词性转换和调整句序，使读者易懂。简练就是译文要尽可能简短，精炼。不啰嗦赘余，力求寻找翻译原文本最言简意赅的表述。简练为科技说明书最高翻译标准，是建立在准确、通顺的基础之上的。对于一般的科技说明书而言，做到准确、通顺即可。 （一）科技说明文之“准确”
EST Reading Translation & Reading Report 姓名：武振宇 序号： 学号：5120143002 专业：过程装备与控制工程 2016年11月2日
Content
Translation Basic info: Title: On the Hypotheses of Special Theory of Relativity and Principles of the Theoretical Model Establishment of Full-Velocity-Scope Special Theory of Relativity （狭义相对论的前提与全速域狭义相对论理论模型的构建原则） Authors: 任晓敏 Source:北京邮电大学学报（发文年影响因子：0.6815 2015年第38卷第3期）Subject:theoryofrelativity Type: from English to Chinese Source language ： Based on the fundamental concept of the author’s bivergentum theory and therein the attempt of the extension of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (or called as “high-speed special theory of rela-tivity”, ESTR or HS-STR), which shows the relationship between the matter movement and the space-time status mainly in the super-high speed regime, with the consequence of having predicted the low-speed
V、练习参考答案 练习1 II、 1、an（人们对这课题的兴趣越来越浓。) 2、a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。） 3、an（其主要的缺点是增加了噪声。） 4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。） 5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R 的圆周运转。） 6、the（频率的单位是赫兹。） 7、a; a; an; the（如果在电路的两端加上电压的话，就会有电流在电路中流动。） 8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。） 9、an（这里我们应该使用一个18伏的电池。） 10、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。） 11、The; /（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。） 12、The; the; the（研究处于运动中的流体，是力学中较为困难的分支之一，因为可能出现的现象是多种多样的。） 13、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。） 14、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。） 15、an（在这里必须使用一根S形管子。） 16、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。） 17、an（这是一只R位的变换器。） 18、An（这里必须使用一个“异”或门电路。XOR = Exclusive OR）III、 1. 2.We turn now to a discussion of local area networks. 3. optical spectrometer. 4. 5.The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume. 6.106 m. 7.
外文科技写作与实践作业Gradient based interpolation for division of focal plane polarization imaging sensors 姓名： 流水号： 班级： 专业： 2013年6月23日
1 Title This is a good title. Being concise and easy to understand, it functions perfectly, with a small number of words to introduce the main content of the paper. Besides, the title conforms to the writing requirements stated above. 2 Keywords There are no keywords in this article，which seems to beunreasonable. 3 Abstract The abstract contains certain elements of information, what the writer has done and what he has achieved within the scope of thetopic. To differentiate his paper work from others, the writerstresses his own contribution. Besides,the abstract is concise.The writer strip away the periphery, supporting information in his paperand expose the hard core of his contribution, defining the real substance of his manuscriptin the simplest terms. As a mini-paper, this abstract is consistent with the other parts of the wholepaper. The abstract is written concentratively with nouse of figures, tables, or literature references in this part. But the abstract is too lengthy 4 Introduction The author is here to supply sufficient background information to relieve the readers who are not well-informed in this field of troubles in understanding and evaluating the results of the given study without referring to previous publications on the topic. Here the abstract drafter inform the reader o the general purpose of the paper and illustrate the primary objectives of his inclination and make clear what the reader himself can expect to gain from the abstract drafter. At the end of the introduction the writing arrangement was shown. It has the advantage of enabling the reader to know in advance of information to expect and in what order to get it. 5Textual Development Description A research description, as we have often seen, is intended to present a picture of
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.