人教课标必修三Unit1 Festivals around the world语法导学案
编写：王瑞敏审核：黄会省
一、学习目标（Learning aims）：使学生掌握各个情态动词的基本用法
二、学习重点（Important points）：区分语气相近的情态动词
三、学习难点（Dif ficult points）：如何正确运用各个情态动词
四、语法品味（体会一下我们生活中用到的情态动词吧！）
1. 在乌云密布的天气：You had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
2. 在课堂上：You should listen to the teacher carefully.
3. 遇到陌生人问路：Can you tell me where the supermarket is?
4.遇到意外情况：His bike is broken. He has to walk to school.
五、总结提升（通过以上例句，你觉得情态动词是啥东东呢?）
六、概念概述
情态动词表示说话人的某种语气或感情,不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。(be able to/have to例外）
七、想一想（到目前为止你都见过那些情态动词呢？）
八、练一练（写出以下情态动词的过去式及否定形式）
1.Can
2. may
3.will
4. shall
5.must
6. need
7.dare 8. have to
9.had better 10. ought to
九、常用情态动词总汇
can / co uld / be able to may / might will / would (used to)
shall / should (ought to) must / have to need / dare
十、重点讲解
一）、can 和could (be able to)
1.表示能力，意为“能，会”, could 为can 的过去式。
其否定式为can not / cannot, could not或简写成can't, couldn't
自己举例：
can与b e able to的区别：
1）can只有过去式，而be able to有各种时态
If he studies hard, he will be able to pass the final exam.
2）can表示具备某种能力，而be able to则表示经过努力成功地做到某事
At first h e didn't agree with me, but I was able to persuade him.
高考考点：用于肯定句中，表示理论上的可能（有时候会）
e.g. This street can be rather crowded in rush hours.
翻译：
can't用于否定句，意为“不可能”；用于一般疑问句意为“难道就不能”
e.g. Can’t you borrow some?
翻译:
4. 特殊句式
can not / can never too…或cannot…enough “再……也不过分，越……越好”
One can’t be too careful.
= One can’t be careful enough.
can’t help doing / can’t help but do禁不住，不由得
Hearing the funny story, I couldn't help laughing.
二）、may 和might
1.表示请求或允许（可以）might比may语气更委婉。
肯定回答用Y es, you may./Yes, please./Certainly./Sure, go ahead.
否定回答用N o, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.
自己举例：
2. （表示可能性）“可能，也许”
只用于陈述句，不用于疑问句，might的可能性比may小。may not表示“可能不”，can’t 表示“不可能”
3. may 用于表示祝愿、希望、乞求等，主要用于正式场合或书面语中。
May+主语+动词原形
4. may / might as well ＋动词原形
“还是……的好”
You may / might as well go to see a doctor.
5. may / might a well +动词原形“很可能”
三）、will 和would
1. will 和would可表示说话者或主语的意愿，决心，意向
I will do all that I can to help you.
2. will用于祈使句的反意疑问句中。
Don’t forget to close the door, will you?
3. 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示请求、建议或询问对方意愿,would比will语气更委婉
Would /Will you pass me the bottle?
Would you like a cup of coffee?
高考考点：4. will可表客观事实、功能或属性。
The door won’t open.
四）、shall
1. 在疑问句中，用于第一、第三人称，用来征询对方意见、请求指示或提出建议。What shall we do now? （征求对方意见）
Mr. Smith wants to see you, manager. Shall he wait outside or in the office?（请求指示）
It is a nice day. Shall we go out for a picnic? （提出建议）
2. 用在第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的“允诺、警告、命令、威胁、决心”等语气。
If you dare do that, you shall be punished.(警告，威胁）
If you pass the college entrance examination, you shall get a computer.（允诺）
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.（决心）
3.应该,应当.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。
He shall have the right to own the house according to the law.（法律条文）
---Can I pay the bill by check?
---Sorry, sir. But it's the management rules of our hotel that payment shall be made in cash.（规章制度）
4. 用在Let’s do sth. 的反意疑问句中。
Let’s go swimming, shall we?
思考：let us do 的反意疑问句
五）、should
1. 表示义务或责任，建议或劝告，意为“应该”
You should keep your promise.
Students shouldn’t smoke.
2. 表示推测“按道理说应该会，想必会”（按照常识或以往的经验）
You should be hungry after the long walk.
高考考点：3. 表示说话人对某事不能理解，可翻译成“居然”，“竟然”，“竟会”，表示意外和出乎意料。
It is surprising that he should have made such a foolish mistake.
4、表示语气较强的假设（用于条件句中）“万一”
If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back.
5. 用于表示命令、建议、要求的词后面，可省略。
He suggested that they (should) not waste time playing.
六）、must
1、表示义务或必要性，“必须，应当”
must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t，意思是“不可以、禁止”，语气强烈。
You must go to bed now.
You mustn’t play with the knife; you may hurt yourself.
由must引出的一般疑问句，
肯定回答用must，
否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to
Must I stay at home? 我必须留在家里吗？
Yes, you must. 是的，你必须留在家里。
No, you needn’t. 或No, you don’t have to.（不，不用了。）
2、表示推测“一定，肯定”
must be / must be doing/ must have done
No one is answering the phone. They must be out. / You must be joking.
高考考点：3、表示固执、主张、不满等“偏要，硬要，非得”常用于疑问句和条件句中。
----How old are you, madam?
----If you must know, I am twice my son’s age.
John, must you practice playing the piano deep into the night?
十一、Practice练习
1.An Englishman who ____not speak Italian is now working in an Italian
school.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. might
2. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow.
A. Should
B. must
C. will
D. can
3. It has been announced that candidates (候选人）_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.