PVTi and ECLIPSE 300 Course
Welcome
CLASS TIMES 9.00 – 12.00, 13.00 – 16.00+ Coffee 10.30, 14.30
GET TO KNOW EACH OTHER OBJECTIVES OUTLINE OF SUBJECTS
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Class Details
Informal class - ask questions at any time General questions (not course-related) after class Practical course First part: mainly lectures Last part: mainly exercises
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OBJECTIVES
Learn how to set up and run an ECLIPSE 300 model. We will concentrate on differences between ECLIPSE 100 and ECLIPSE 300. The main difference is in the PVT data. Assuming you know how to set up an ECLIPSE 100 model, we will first use PVTi to look at the properties of hydrocarbon mixtures. We will then consider the effect of these properties on the simulation, and look at the features that are available in ECLIPSE 300.
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OUTLINE OF LECTURE TOPICS
Part 1 : PVTi and ECLIPSE 300 Introduction Overview of Black Oil and Compositional Simulation PVTi Background – Components – Equations of State – Flash PVTi Exercises – Phase Diagrams – Ternary Diagrams – Splitting and Grouping – Regression – Output to ECLIPSE
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OUTLINE OF LECTURE TOPICS
Part 2 : From PVTi to ECLIPSE 300 PVTi Experiments Using Ternary Diagrams – Condensing Gas Drives – Vaporizing Gas Drives Miscibility: FCMP and MCMP experiments Matching the Viscosity Demo: simulation of gas injection
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OUTLINE OF LECTURE TOPICS
Part 3 : From ECLIPSE 100 to ECLIPSE 300 E300 Program Usage Differences between ECLIPSE 100 and 300 Keyword Review ECLIPSE 300 workshop
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Outline of Workshop Problems
1. Introduction to PVTi PVT Analysis of an Oil PVT Analysis of a Gas Condensate 2. Slim Tube Studies of Miscibility 3. Development of ECLIPSE 300 Field Scale Input Data Set 4. Study of Miscible Processes 5. Study of Gas Condensates
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Two Easy Questions
Why analyse PVT data? Where and when do we need PVT information? Why simulate?
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Why study PVT?
Transport Refining Surface Seperation Sampling Gas Injection (Re-cycling)
Sampling Multi-Phase Flow
Miscible/Immisicible Displacement Sampling Pressure Decline Saturation Change Near Wellbore Blockage
Require knowledge of fluid behavior in reservoir, well and at surface
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Over a wide range of pressures, temperatures and compositions
Uses of PVTi
Need to predict: Composition of well stream vs. time Completion design (wellbore liquids) Gas injection or re-injection – Specification of injected gas - how much C3, 4, 5’s to leave in – separator configuration and conditions – Miscibility effects Amounts and composition of liquids left behind and its properties: density, surface tension, viscosity. Separator/NGL Plant Specifications H2S and N2 concentration in produced gas Product values vs. time
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Why Simulate?
with reservoir simulation and reservoir management
Oil Production Rate without reservoir simulation and reservoir management
today
time
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Uses of Compositional Simulation Processes where EOR involves a miscible displacement Gas injection/re-injection into an oil produces large compositional changes in the fluids Condensates are recovered using gas cycling Surface facilities department needs detailed compositions of the production stream
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Uses of Compositional Simulation
Reservoirs with Large compositional variations with depth or in x-y direction Large temperature variation with depth Large compositional variation with depth
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Advantages of Compositional Simulation
Can account for effects of Phase behaviour Multi-contact miscibility Immiscible or near-miscible displacement behavior in compositionally-dependent mechanisms such as vapourization, condensation, and oil swelling Compositional - dependent phase properties such as viscosity and density on miscible sweep-out
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Field Oil Production Rate
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Problems and Difficulties with Compositional Simulation
Calculations of phase composition in plait - point region (see later) : K-values and physical property calculations (as well as EOS) are less accurate in plait - point region experimental data in this region (used to calibrate EOS) are lacking. Viscous fingering Complete mixing of fluids within a grid block assumed. Transport coefficients using ALPHA and TRCOEFF keywords will boost or hold back component flow as function of mole fraction
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Problems and Difficulties with Compositional Simulation
Computer Time Requirements Compositional slower because of: Flash (typically 50% of cpu) Extra variables to solve
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CPU vs C and C2
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 200 400 600 800
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
ECLIPSE 100 (& all Black Oil Simulators) Oil and Gas phases are represented by one ‘component’ for the oil and one for the gas. ECLIPSE 300 (& all Compositional Simulators) Oil and Gas phases are represented by multicomponent mixtures
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
Black Oil
(2 components, volatile oil)
Gas
Oil + Solution Gas (Rs)
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
Compositional
(nc Components)
V Components i=
1 2 3 . nc 2 3 . nc
yi
Components i= 1 L
xi
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
Black Oil
? Bo ? ?B ? ? g? ? ? = f ( p) ? Rs ? ? ? ?μ ?
Table Values
Assumes Composition of Gas and Oil Phases constant with Pressure and time
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
Compositional
Ki =
μ ρ
yi ? xi ? ? ? f ( p , xi , yi ) ? ? ?
EoS Flash
Assumes EoS represents fluids at all T, P, Composition Need PVT package (eg PVTi) to regress EoS.
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
ECLIPSE 100
?P? ? ? ? Sw ? ? Sg ? ? ?
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Unknowns (3 Phase System) 3 variables per grid block
Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
ECLIPSE 300 Unknowns ( 3 Phase System) (Nc+2) variables per grid block
P zw z i,
i = 1, .... nc (molar density)
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Comparison of Black Oil and Compositional Models
Key Difference: PVT Compositional: Flash = EoS Black Oil: Table vs. Pressure
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PVTi
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Uses of PVTi
To match an Equation of State to observations This is done to compensate for the inability to measure directly all the things we need to know about the hydrocarbons To Create “Black-Oil” PVT tables for a Black Oil model “Modified Black-Oil” PVT tables for an E200 GI Pseudocompositional Model or an E200 Solvent Model Compositional PVT parameters for a Compositional Model
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PVTi modules
PVTi has 1 main panel, and can be considered as 5 modules: Fluid model and Samples Experiments and Observations COMB : Material Balance (optional) Regression : match EoS Export : results to simulators
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PVTi modules
We will: Discuss the background to the expected input data Summarise some theory Demonstrate how to input the data Go through one or more practical examples
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Launching PVTi
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Launching PVTi
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The First Panel
After launching PVTi and specifying the working directory, PVTi asks for the name of the project.
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The First Panel
This name will be used to create output files for this project: xxx.PVI are PVTi Input files. These are the ‘saved’ files from a PVTi run xxx.PVO are PVTi Output files that are in the format expected by the Eclipse simulators xxx.PVP are PVTi Print files that contain the results of the experiments that have been run in PVTi
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The Fundamentals Panel
This panel is a quick way of entering a fluid composition.
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The Main Panel
If you choose “Cancel” then the Main Panel will appear
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The Main Panel
Once you have specified a project name, you may want to choose units: Main Panel: Utilities | Units
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The Components
Before we input any fluid components, we should discuss what we mean by a “component”.
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Components Fundamentals
Outline Homologous Series Single carbon Numbers Components and Samples Phase plots and Ternary diagrams Splitting Grouping
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