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专四用2010重大新闻事件

经济类:

欧元债务危机

High levels of public debt among countries in the euro zone turned into a full-blown crisis for the currency block. As markets began to lose confidence in the ability of a few countries to finance their debt, and rapidly pushed up their borrowing costs, the European Union and the IMF eventually resolved to bail out Greece and, later, Ireland. Investors also fretted over Spain and Portugal. Measures to tackle budget deficits were met with protests, especially in Greece, which endured strikes and riots. In France 1m people demonstrated against pension reforms in a single day.

欧元区高昂的公共债务演变成了债务危机。随着市场开始对一些国家债务融资缺乏信心,迅速抬高他们的借贷成本后,欧盟和国际货币基金组织最终向希腊,然后是爱尔兰伸出援手。同时,投资者还担心西班牙和葡萄牙。解决预算赤字的措施遭遇了抵制,希腊的罢工和暴乱尤为严重。在法国,同一天里,就有100万人游行示威抗议养老金改革。

美国经济政策

As Europe tightened its fiscal belt, America passed more stimulus measures. Barack Obama also signed into law the most sweeping changes to America’s

financial-regulatory system since the 1930s and a health-care reform act that was hailed by many as America’s most significant piece of social legislation since the 1960s. Conservatives challenged the act in the courts.

欧洲勒紧裤腰带的同时,美国也通过了一系列的刺激措施。奥巴马(Barack Obama)把上世纪30年代以来,对美国金融监管体制进行最广泛的改革写进法律。他还签署了医疗改革法案,该法案被很多美国人认为是自60年代以来,最为重要的一项社会立法。保守派却在法庭上质疑这一法案。

中国政策

In China the main worry was of an overheating economy. The central bank unexpectedly raised interest rates for the first time in three years amid concerns about inflation. Official trade statistics showed China had overtaken Germany as the world’s biggest exporter. Tensions over currency policy were at the forefront during summits of the G20 and IMF. 中国主要担心经济过热。考虑到通货膨胀,中国人民银行3年来首次调高利率,这有些让人意外。官方的贸易统计数字表明,中国已经超过德国成为世界上最大的出口国。G20和IMF峰会上,货币政策成为争论的焦点。

灾难类

海地地震

An earthquake in Haiti was a humanitarian disaster, killing at least 230,000 people and leaving 1m homeless. The quake devastated Port-au-Prince and left swathes of

t he country’s fragile infrastructure in ruins. A deadly outbreak of cholera later in the year and political unrest compounded the misery.

海地地震是一场人道主义灾难,至少23万人死亡,100万人无家可归。地震摧毁了太子港,导致该国脆弱的基础设施遭受严重破坏。下半年海地爆发了致命的霍乱,政治动荡加剧了人们的不幸。

莫斯科大火

A spate of terrorist assaults in Russia, including a suicide-bombing on the Moscow metro, killed scores of people. Chechen separatists were blamed. The hottest summer in Russian history resulted in hundreds of wildfires, causing a public-health crisis in Moscow when smoke enveloped the city.

发生在俄罗斯,包括莫斯科地铁自杀式爆炸袭击的多起恐怖主义袭击造成多人死亡。车臣分裂分子受到指责。俄罗斯历史上最热的夏天引发了数百起的森林大火。大火产生的浓烟笼罩莫斯科,造成了人们对公众健康的恐慌。

冰岛火山爆发

Drifting ash clouds emanating from a volcano in Iceland led to the closure of European air space for several days, causing the biggest disruption to worldwide air travel since September 11th 2001.

冰岛火山喷发出来的尘云导致欧洲机场关闭数日,造成911事件以来,全球最大规模的航空管制。

智利矿难

The world cheered when all 33 men trapped underground for 69 days at a mine in Chile were brought safely to the surface. But mining accidents in China, Russia, West Virginia, New Zealand and Turkey each killed dozens of workers.

在智利,被困井下69天的33名矿工的成功升井,让全世界为之欢呼。但是,中国,俄罗斯,西弗吉尼亚州,新西兰和土耳其的矿难却导致几十人死亡。

墨西哥漏油事件

An explosion at a BP well in the Gulf of Mexico in April killed 11 men and caused the world’s biggest civilia n oil spill to date, before the wellhead on the sea floor was finally sealed in September. The catastrophe forced a halt to commercial fishing in the area and a moratorium on drilling. The Obama administration faced sustained criticism of its handling of t he crisis. BP’s share price slumped, wiping out almost

half its stockmarket value. In December America launched a lawsuit against BP and other companies potentially liable for the spill for billions of dollars in damages.

英国石油公司(BP)位于墨西哥湾的油井今年四月发生爆炸,造成11死亡;9月份海底井口完全封闭以前,石油泄漏造成了迄今为止世界上最大的人为漏油事件。灾难迫使当地的商业捕捞停止,近海石油钻探也被暂停。人们一直指责奥巴马政府处理危机的方式。BP的股价几乎跌至危机前的一半。12月,美国对BP 以及潜在的为此次漏油事件负责的其他公司提起诉讼,损害赔偿金额高达几十亿美元。

波兰总统遇难

Poland’s president, Lech Kaczynski, was killed in a plane crash near Smolensk, Russia, along with the head of Poland’s central bank, senior diplomats and military leaders. The ensuing presidential election was won by Bronislaw Komorowski, who defeated Mr Kaczynski’s twin brother, Jaroslaw.

波兰总统莱特卡钦斯基(Lech Kaczynski)在俄罗斯的斯摩棱科斯由于飞机失事身亡,随行的波兰央行行长,高级外交官和军事领导人也遇难。布罗尼斯拉夫?科莫罗夫斯基(Bronislaw Komorowski) 在随后的总统大选中击败卡钦斯基的孪生兄弟拉洛斯罗(Jaroslaw)成为新总统。

军事类

美国从伊拉克撤军

American combat operations ended in Iraq, seven years after the start of the war. Around 50,000 troops remain in a support role until the end of 2011. Iraq continued to be troubled by violence and suicide-bombs after the Americans departed. An election was held in March, though a new government didn’t begin to emerge until November.经历了7年战争之后,美国从伊拉克撤军。大约有5万名辅助士兵留在伊拉克直到2011年底。美国撤军后,伊拉克继续被暴力和自杀式爆炸袭击困扰。3月份举行了大选,但新政府直到11月份才出炉。

阿富汗局势紧张

The war in Afghanistan rumbled on. Coalition troops mounted their biggest offensive against the Taliban since 2001. The deaths of civilians in targeted missile attacks aimed at the Taliban and al-Qaeda caused rows. General Stanley McChrystal was sacked as commander of coalition forces after a magazine published an interview in which he disparaged the handling of the war by America’s civilian leadership. General David Petraeus took charge.

阿富汗战争仍在继续。联合部队展开了2001年以来针对塔利班最具攻击性的行动。意在攻击塔利班和基地组织的导弹袭击造成了平民伤亡,引起美国和阿富汗的分歧。在一份杂志的采访中,上将斯坦利(Stanley McChrystal)对美国文职领导人对待战争的做法不屑一顾,作为联军总司令的他被撤职。上将大卫彼得雷乌斯(David Petraeus)接替他的职务。

巴以局势

After months of cajoling, Israel and the Palestinians sat around the table for direct talks, though the negotiations soon broke down over the building of Jewish settlements on the West Bank. The American-Israeli relationship became somewhat strained.

几个月的软硬兼施之后,以色列和巴勒斯坦进行了直接对话。但由于以色列在西岸建立犹太人定居点导致谈判很快破裂。美国和以色列的关系变得有点紧张。朝韩问题

North Korea’s increasin gly bellicose attitude towards South Korea rattled the world. The sinking of a South Korean navy ship with the loss of 46 sailors was blamed on a torpedo attack by the North. Later in the year the North launched an artillery barrage against a tiny South Korean island. Kim Jong Un, the youngest son of Kim Jong Il, North Korea’s ailing Dear Leader, moved up the ranks as heir apparent.

朝鲜对韩国不断升级的挑衅态度惹恼了整个世界。人们谴责朝鲜发射鱼雷击沉韩国一艘军舰,造成46名海员丧生。今年年底,朝鲜对韩国的一个小岛屿发起了炮弹袭击。朝鲜敬爱的领导人,久病缠身的金正日(Kim Jong Il)任命小儿子金正恩(Kim Jong Un)为接班人。

泰国红衫军

There was more turmoil in Thailand when red-shirted opposition protesters set up an encampment in central Bangkok. After a two-month stand-off the army moved in to clear the streets; 50 people were killed in the resulting clashes.

泰国的红衫军反对派抗议者在曼谷中部安寨扎营,引发了泰国大规模的骚乱。在持续了两个月的对峙之后,泰国政府动用军队打击抗议者,50多人在冲突中丧生。

巴基斯坦遭遇恐怖袭击

Pakistan endured another year of severe terrorist attacks, starting on January 1st when a suicide-bomber killed 100 people at a volleyball match. In July, the Pakistani Taliban claimed responsibility for huge blasts at a Sufi shrine in Lahore and at a market in the tribal area. Rioting in Karachi after the assassination of a politician killed scores. Relentless flooding from exceptionally heavy monsoon rains affected

20m people, adding t o the country’s woes.

巴基斯坦今年又遭遇了严重的恐怖主义袭击。1月1日的一场排球比赛上,自杀式炸弹袭击造成100人死亡。7月,巴基斯坦的塔利班宣布对拉合尔地区苏菲派清真寺和部落地区的一个市场的巨大爆炸负责。卡拉奇的动乱形势在一名政客被暗杀后升级。异常的强季风带来的无情洪水影响了2000万人民的生活,加重了国家的灾难。

政治类

英国大选

An election in Britain saw Labour booted out of power after 13 years. The Conservatives emerged as the biggest party but without an overall majority. After a few tense days of talks, the Conservatives formed a coalition (the first in Britain since the 1940s) with the Liberal Democrats, who came third at the polls. The new government, led by David Cameron, embarked on a radical programme of spending cuts.

英国大选的结果是执政13年的工党成为在野党。保守党成为多数党,但却没有赢得绝对多数。经过数天激烈的谈判,保守党同得票数位居第三的自由民主党组建了联合政府(这是自上世纪40年代以来的第一次)。新政府在大卫卡梅伦(David Cameron)的带领下,着手进行一系列彻底的开支削减计划。

巴西首位女总统

In other big elections, Dilma Rousseff won the presidency in Brazil, the first woman to do so. Julia Gillard became Australia’s first female prime minister after ousting Kevin Rudd; she kept the job after a subsequent election. For the first time in 50 years Chile elected a conservative president, Sebastián Pi?era. Mahinda Rajapaksa was

re-elected as Sri Lanka’s president; his opponent was arrested soon after. Benigno Aquino won a presidential election in the Philippines; he is the son of a late president, Corazon “Cory” Aquino. And Vik tor Yanukovich was elected president of Ukraine, though Yulia Tymoshenko, his opponent, mounted a brief challenge to the result in court.

在另一个大选中,迪尔玛罗塞弗(Dilma Rousseff)成为巴西历史上首位女总统。在废除陆克文(Kevin Rudd)之后,茱莉亚吉拉迪(Julia Gillard)成为澳大利亚第一位女总理。在随后的大选中她再次胜出。智利赢来了50年来第一位保守派总统皮涅拉。拉贾帕克萨(Mahinda Rajapaksa)再次当选为斯里南卡总统,不久,他的反对派就被抓捕。艾奎诺(Benigno Aquino)在菲律宾总统大选中获胜。他是前一任总统科拉松阿基诺的儿子。尽管反对派季莫申科(Yulia Tymoshenko)向法院质疑投票结果,维克多亚努科维奇(Viktor Yanukovich)还是成为乌克兰总统。

日本首相更新换代

Naoto Kan became Japan’s third prime minister within two year s when Yukio Hatoyama resigned after reneging on a promise to remove the American marine base near Okinawa.

鸠山由纪夫未能依照承诺将冲绳县附近的美国海军基地移走,因此主动辞职。菅直人成为日本2年内的第三位首相

社会类

丰田汽车召回

A recall of Toyota vehicles in America amid reports of sticking accelerator pedals proved to be a public-relations disaster for the carmaker, compelling its boss to apologise at a congressional hearing.

美国相继报道丰田汽车油门踏板失灵后,丰田召回事故车辆。此次召回对丰田来说是公共关系的灾难,迫使老板在国会听证会上道歉。

苹果公司iPad

Apple started selling the iPad, a computer tablet that looked set to revolutionise digital publishing. Apple overtook Microsoft as the world’s biggest technology company.

苹果公司开始出售注定要颠覆数字出版业的平板电脑-iPad。苹果取代微软成为世界上最大的科技公司。

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