初中阶段着重要研究的从句有：宾语从句、状语从句、no matter从句和定语从句。
第一讲从句的共同特点
从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。
从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。
从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序（陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。）
第二讲：宾语从句
宾语从句是中考的一个重要得分点，大家复习时一定要重视。
在研究宾语从句之前我们先来看一下什么是宾语。宾语就是在句子中用来回答谁做了什么中什么的成分，如I lost my car 中my car就回答了我丢失了什么中的“什么”，因此my car就是宾语，宾语包括动宾、介宾，动宾就是跟在及物动词后的宾语，如：I have finished my homework （my homework 是跟在finish后的动宾）；介宾就是跟在介词后作宾语，如：I’m interested in English (English 是跟在in 后的介宾语)。
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
宾语从句的特点：1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序 3.宾语从句的时态
一、宾语从句的连接词：
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。一般情况下选用连接词时，多用翻译语气法，在研究语气翻译翻译法之前，让我们先来看一下什么是语气，语气就是说话的口气，语气可分为三种：
A.陈述语气即没有任何疑问的不需要回答的语气，如：I have found my lost car；
B一般疑问语气：可以用Yes 或No 来回答的疑问语气，如：Do you need a piece of paper? Yes, thank you.; C特殊疑问语气：需要具体回答的语气，如：When were you born? October 3 rd.
在为宾语从句选连接词时，我们首先应将宾语从句译成汉语，看是什么语气，陈述语气用that 作连接词，that可以省略，如：He told me （that）his father would come back the next week. 一般疑问语气用if/whether作连接词，if与whether大多数情况下可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
②作介词的宾语从句时用whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether
I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
⑦在某些动词后，习惯上使用whether引出宾语从句，不用if。常见动词如：choose,
depend on, discuss, explain, prove, teach, think等：
We should discuss whether we will hold a sports meeting next week.
我们应该讨论一下下周是否要举行一次运动会。
注意：当独立存在时是一个特殊疑问句时，用在宾语从句的位置上不需要填任何连词，只用原来的疑问词连接即可：
Who will teach us Chinese this term? （独立存在的特殊疑问句）
Do you know who will teach us Chinese this term? （作宾语的间接特殊疑问句）Where is Lily living? （独立存在的特殊疑问句）
I want to know where Lily is living. （作宾语的间接特殊疑问句，注意语序的改变）
二、特殊疑问词含义：
1).wh-型what (什么) What do you want to eat?
What(哪个)+可数名词单数/不可数名词What class are you in? What time is it now?
when(什么时候) When do you want to meet him?
Where(哪里) Where are you from? Who(谁)主格Who is calling you?
Whom(谁) 宾格Whom do you want to help you with your English?(口语中常用who来代替whom)
whose（谁的）（+名词）Whose cup is this? There is a cup on the desk, whose is it? Why(为什么) Why do you like music so much? Which(哪一个)+可数名词单数Which apple do you want? Which （哪一些）+可数名词复数Which apples are from his garden?
Which （哪一个）Which do you prefer, this apple or that?
.2）how-型:
how（怎样）How do you usually come to school?
How (身体怎样) How are you?
How long(多长时间) How will you stay in China ?
How soon(多长时间以后)与将来时（包括现在将来时与过去将来时）连用
How soon will you be back?
How often(多长时间一词)注意当遇到了诸如：three times a day/a week 之类的也用how often How often do you have a maths lesson? Twice a day.
How many times(多少次)How many times do you take this medicine a day? Three times.
How much (多少)+ 不可数名词How much meat do you want? 注意问钱不忘how much How much is your shirt?
How many(多少)+可数名词复数How many people (本身就是复数) are there in your family? How old (多大)问年龄How old is that boy? 7 years old.
How far (多远)How far is it from your home to your school? Two kilometers away.
How tall (多高) 一般指人高树高烟囱高，How tall is the boy?
How high(多高)一般指山高建筑物高及离开地面高，How high can he jump? 三宾语从句的语序：
谓语动词后直接跟宾语从句或通过连词连接宾语从句时大都数用陈述语序即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which 等。如: Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
2) 连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3) 连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with
the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4) 连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。但以下情形例外：
A. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him
B. 当宾语从句叙述的是无法改变的事实时，可以使用疑问句语序，且保留原时态不变：
On one side it said Do you think she can see? On the other it said I think so. (L2, 2003 JEFC Book4)
四、宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”。
A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)
2.He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时)
3.She wants to know what has happened(现在完成时)
4.I say that the world is changing all the time(现在进行时)
5.He wonders what I was doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时)
6.My father tells me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时)
7.My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时)
8.My friends hopes that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时)
B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是：1.一般过去时，2.过去进行时，3.过去将来时，4.过去完成时
1.He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)
2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时)
3.I wanted to say that our team would beat them(过去将来时)
4.He wondered if I had finished my homework (过去完成时)
5.I said I could help him (含情态动词的一般过去时)
C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时，如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth
2.He told me that one and one makes two.
第三讲状语从句
状语从句是历年中考的一个必考项目，一定要特别注意。
英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。
一．时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词：when（当…时候）while（当…时候）as（当…时候）after（在…以后）before（在…以前）as soon as（一…就）since（自从…到现在）till /until（直到…才）by the time（到…为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
举例：1.when当…的时候（一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。）
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。
I will become a teacher when I grow up
当我长大了，我要当老师
2.while当…时
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅途中参观了许多地方。
3.as在…的同时；一边…一边…
He smiled as he stood up.
他一边站起来一边笑着。
4.after在…之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
前几天做完作业之后回的家。
5.before 在…之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
6.as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我们一到那就开始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就给你写信。
7.since 自…以来到现在
表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.
自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。
(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)
8 till /until
都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。
They walked till /until it was dark.
他们一直走到天黑。
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
9. by the time 到…为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
我到校时，已经开始上课了。
用法辨析：1.when, while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
as表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思
强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
用于发生时间较段时
when
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前＂或＂之后＂发生。
2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
3.常用于常见搭配中
while
1、用于时间较长时
2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。
lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里时，正在下大雨。( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达“正在”“即将”.
while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about
my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as 都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)
由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去
了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
知识扩展
1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)
It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时，警察才来。
二.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
用法辨析：because , since , as , for辨析
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
二、条件状语从句
连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般将来时，一般现在时
They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般将来时, 一般现在时
三、目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
1.so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive t hat we were all very excited.
科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他总是那么努力，所以他取得了很大的进步。
2.so that 以至于, 以便于
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我将慢慢跑以至于你能赶上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
我把窗户打开以便于使新鲜空气可以进来。
3. such…that 如此…以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
4.in order that=so that:为了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)
5.比较：so和such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于many，但a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
难点
so+形容词或副词
so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词
so +many 或few+复数可数名词+that
+much或little+不可数名词
so that ,such…that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，
当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。
so +adj或adv.+ that，such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little 修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此只好,以致于我想去散散步.
4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以致于大家都相信他
(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)
5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此只好,以致于我想去散散步.
五、让步状语从句
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词：though, although.，whether…or not
难点：
though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用. Although/though…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那样用作副词, 表示强调时要用even though.
1、He is looking fit, though.
但是,他看上去很健康. 考点
2、Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling.
尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。
3、He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。
典型例题
1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When
B. However
C. Although
D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
尽管天气很坏，我们仍将要去旅行。
4) whether…or not不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
不管你信不信，那是真的
第三讲no matter 从句
结构："no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is not useful now.
（对）Whatever you say is not useful now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
第四讲定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分，如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后，如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词：
1.连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that
2.连接副词：when、where、why
选用连接词的关键是看先行词，先行词是指定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，如：The boy who is playing football is my brother. (这里the boy 就是先行词)
一、连接代词的选用：1.who指人，先行词为人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，先行词为人,在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，先行词为物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one
million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,译成"...的"
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+连接代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the f amous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在连接代词前，连接代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；连接代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+连接代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities
二、连接副词的选用：1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词,具体操作方法如下：提出定语从句，把先行词补进定语从句
中，若是先行词作地点状语就用Where,若作时间状语就用when，若作原因状语
就用why（先行词一般为the reason），其他情况则用连接代词，例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
例3. Is this the reason why you are late for school?
答案：
例1 D，例2 A
在句1中，定语从句you visited a few years ago 所缺部分为visited 后的宾语，因此先行词给该定语从句作宾语，故选连接代词，所以应选B。
而句2中, 定语从句the exhibition was held主、谓、宾俱全，将先行词the museum 代入定语从句，定语从句变为the exhibition was held in the museum，in the museum 是地点状语，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)
四、介词+连接词用法说明
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换，如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 一、时间状语从句 要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： whe n while as after before as soon as since till /un til by the time在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 1. whe n当。。。的时候 mozart started writing music when he was four years old. （当）莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。 2. while 当。。。时 he visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅途中参观了许多地方。 3. as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。 he smiled as he stood up. 他一边站起来一边笑着。 4. after 在。。。之后 he left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家
5.before 在。。之前 mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。 6. as soon as o。。就。。。 we began to work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那就开始工作。 i will write to you as soon as i get home. 我一到家就给你写信。 7. since 自。。。以来到现在 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前（说话时间）为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。 （还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：si nee three years ago自三年前以 来）表示。） 8 till /until 都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。 they walked till /until it was dark. 他们一直走到天黑 xiao ming didn 't leave home till /iluhnits father came back.
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?
语法 29时间状语从句 一、什么是状语从句 状语就是在一句话中表示该句子的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等成分。状语从句就是用一个从 句表示状语。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。 与状语一样，状语从句的位置比较灵活。既可置于主句之前（通常用逗号与主句隔开），也课置于主句之后（不需要用逗号与主句隔开），有时甚至可以置于主句之中。 二、时间状语从句 1. 主句和从句同时发生，这类从句由从属连词when, while, as引导。 He was hungry when he came home. I was crying while everyone was laughing. As I walked out, he walked in. as, when, while, 的区别 ① as强调从句的动作与主句动作同时发生及持续，具有at the same time的意思 他继续往下谈的时候，越来越兴奋。 as还可以表示一边??一边??，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 他们边走边聊。 as还有“ 随着”的含义 随着春天的到来，天气暖和起来。 ② when 强调动作点的特定时间，具有at the time that 的意思 当老师走进来的时候，我们都站起来了。 ③ while 表示较长的期间，具有during the time that 的意思 当我在这的时候，我很安全。 2.主句发生在从句之前，这类从句由从属连词before, until 引导 ,before 意为“ 在---之前” until 在肯定句中意为“直到 --- 为止”，在否定句中意为“直到 --- 才”。从句既可置于主句前，也可置 于主句之后。 回家之前我必须干完所有的活。
时间状语从句 要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 当。。。的时候 mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。 当。。。时 he visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。 在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。 he smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。 在。。。之后 he left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家。 在。。。之前 mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。 soon as 一。。。就。。。(主将从现) we began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。 i will write to you as soon as i get home.我一到家就给你写信。 自。。。以来到现在 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。 (还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。) 8 till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。 they walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。 xiao ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。 9. by the time 到。。。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时) by the time he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。 by the time i got to school, the class had already began.我到校时，已经开始上课了。 难点——as when while的辨析 as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下： as 表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前＂或＂之后＂发生。 2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
【英语】初中英语状语从句试题经典 一、初中英语状语从句 1． the journey was tiring，Jeff thought it was worth both the time and the money. A．As B．Since C．Unless D．Although 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：虽然旅途很累，杰夫认为时间和金钱都值得。 A. As当……的时候； B. Since 自从； C. Unless除非； D. Although尽管。根据下文Jeff thought it was worth both the time and the money.可知上文是让步状语从句，这里用Although引导。根据题意，故选D。 2．-- Can’t I park my car free here? -- You can, for four hours, __________ you spend over 100 yuan in this supermarket. A．though B．if C．unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：-我不能把车免费停在这里吗？- 如果你在这家超市花费超过100元，你可以免费停车四个小时。though 虽然；if 如果；unless 除非。这里是形容一种条件，如果消费超过100元，就能免费停车，故选B。 3．My English teacher has taught English she came to the school. A．since B．as C．when D．for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查连词辨析，句意：我的英语老师自从来到这个学校就教英语．结合语境推断句意是"我的英语老师自从来到这个学校就教英语．"，此句中的谓语动词用了现在完成时，本题设空处后面的时间状语从句用了一般过去时，所以结合句意用现在完成时的标志词since引导，故选A 4．He made a serious mistake, but he took immediate action to change that ______ it got worse. A．until B．when C．because D．before 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他犯一个严重的错误。但他采取行动来改变它以免变得更糟。A. Until直到；B. When当……时；C. Because因为；D. Before在……之前。在变得更糟之前采取行动改
初中英语状语从句知识点总结（一） 用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句常用从属连词来引导，与主句连接起来。若置于句末，则前面不加逗号。根据意义和作用，状语从句可分为时间原因条件等几种。下面我们就来分析一下这几种状语从句。 1时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用从属连词when,after,until,as soon as,等来引导。 当主句是祈使句或谓语动词是一般将来时态或情态动词时，其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。这就是我们常说的“主将从现”。 如：Please call me when you get there.当你到那时，请给我打个电话。 I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你写信。 <温馨提示>since引导时间状语从句表示“自从…以来”，从句中的动词一般表示动作的起点，用过去时;而主句的动作延续的情况则用一般现在时或现在完成时。常用的句型为： It has been/is+一段时间+since+过去时。 如：I has been/is three years since we met last time.自从我们上次见面，已经三年了。 2条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句也用一般现在时来表示。 如：I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我就待在家。 You can’t learn English well unless you wo rk hard. 除非你努力学习，否则是学不好英语的。 <温馨提示>由if引导的条件状语从句，若从句表达的是与现在事实相反的事实，则常用虚拟语气，即用过去时态表示(如果涉及到be动词，一律都用were)。此时，主句则用过去将来时。
状语从句 一. 单项填空 1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us? ---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping 4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who 5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after 7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because 8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was 9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less 10. Y ou should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while 11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you hav e any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though 13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since 15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day 16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very 17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As
宾语从句专项练习 1. The teacher said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled 2. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday mor ning? A. what B when C why D how 3. Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they le ave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when di d they leave Beijing 4. —Where is Mike? —He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to H ainan or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____. A. that B. which C. where D. there 5. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A. that how B. how that C. whe n that D. that when 6. They don't know ______their p arents are. A that B what C why D which 7. Can you tell me___ you were born, Tom? A. who B. what C. when D. that 8. She asked Rose if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 9. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. __ _______ he comes, I'll tell you． A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 10. I can't understand _________. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas d oes mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what C hristmas means 11. The boys asked if they ____ some food and drinks with them. A. took B. take C. takes D . will take 12. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this m orning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. wh at the matter was D. what wrong was 13. Did you kno w ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he loo king for C. who he is looking for D. who he i s looking after 14. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where B 15. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 16. Mary said that she ___ to Beijing. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never bee n D. had never been 17. Please tell me ______what last year. A. where does your brother work B where did your brother work C where your brother works D wher e your brother worked 18. —I don't know _____ Mr. Smith will come to see u s. —He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 19. He asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 20. I don't know _________. C an you tell me, please? A. how the two actors are old B. how old are the t wo actors C. the two actors are how old D. how ol d the two actors are 21. The students want to know w hether they___ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are 22. —We never know _____ the old woman is. —The y say she is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where 23. You must reme mber ________. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sa y C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said 24. I hardly understand. ___ she has told me. A. t hat B. what C. which D. who 25. Do you know where _________ now? A. she lives B. does she live C. she lived D. di d she live 26. I don't know _____ she still lives here af ter so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. wh en 27. —Do you know _____? I'm going to see him. —So rry, I don't know. A. where does Mr. Wang live B. where did Mr. Wang li ve C. where Mr. Wang lives D. where Mr. Wang lived 28. I want to know _________. A. whom is he looking after B. whom he is looki ng C. whom is he looking D. whom he is looki ng after 29. She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D. he will 30.She asked me _____told me the acci dent. A whom B which C who D whose 31. Could you tell us _________ the nearest school is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 32. D o you know what time _________? A. the flight leave B. does the flight leave C. will the flight leave D. the flight leaves 33. Could you tell me _________ the TV without any help? A. how did she mend B. what did she mend C. how she mended 1 / 6
外研版英语【初中英语】状语从句知识点总结 一、初中英语状语从句 1．I think you’ll miss the train ________ you hurry up. A．if B．and C．unless 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意“除非你快点，否则你将错过这个火车”。A.如果（引导条件状语从句）；B.和（表示并列）；C.除非（引导条件状语从句）。根据句意可知，表示“除非你快点”，故选C。 2．—I’m going to the post office. —________you are there, can you get me some stamps? A．When B．While C．Because D．If 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：A. As 一边…一边，作为 B. While当…时候 C. Because 因为 D. lf假如；句意：我将要去邮局。你去那里的时候，能不能给我带一些邮票呢？故选B 考点：连词 点评：连词在中考中涉及到的很多，尤其在宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句中连词是必考点。平时学习过程中，掌握连词的意思，及所表示的关系是至关重要的，这种关系的判断可以通过句子意思的理解来选择恰到的连词。 3．-Have you improved your spoken English？ -Not yet．I'll try my best______I am not good at it now． A．so B．although C．but D．until 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你提高你的英语口语了吗？——还没有．虽然我现在还不擅长，但是我会尽力的．考查连词辨析。A. so所以；B. although 虽然；C. but但是；D. until直到。根据语境推测句意是——你提高你的英语口语了吗？——还没有．虽然我现在还不擅长，但是我会尽力的．在这里两个句子之间存在一个相反的让步关系，though/although/even though“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，故选B． 【点睛】 本题主要考查连词的用法，连词在句子中主要起联系上下文的作用，他们之间的区别就是表示逻辑关系的不同，所以在解题时先要理解上下文含义，然后根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词．前后句之间是让步关系． 4．You will fall behind others ______ you work hard.
初中英语状语从句知识点总结(一） 用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句常用从属连词来引导,与主句连接起来。若置于句末,则前面不加逗号。根据意义和作用，状语从句可分为时间原因条件等几种。下面我们就来分析一下这几种状语从句。 1时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用从属连词wheｎ,aｆtｅｒ，unｔil,as soon as，等来引导。 当主句是祈使句或谓语动词是一般将来时态或情态动词时,其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。这就是我们常说的“主将从现”。 如:Ｐlease cａll me ｗheｎ yｏu ｇeｔｔｈere．当你到那时,请给我打个电话。 I ｗill write tｏ you ａs ｓｏｏn as I arrｉｖe in Beｉjing.我一到北京就给你写信。 <温馨提示>siｎce引导时间状语从句表示“自从…以来”，从句中的动词一般表示动作的起点，用过去时;而主句的动作延续的情况则用一般现在时或现在完成时。常用的句型为： It hａs beｅn/is+一段时间+ｓｉnｃe+过去时。 如：I hａs ｂeｅｎ/is three yeａrs since ｗe meｔ laｓt ｔｉｍe.自从我们上次见面,已经三年了。 2条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if(如果),unless(除非),as ｌｏnｇ as(只要）等。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句也用一般现在时来表示。 如：I will ｓtａy at home ｉf it raiｎs tomorrｏｗ.如果明天下雨,我就待在家。 You can’t learn Englisｈweｌl unｌess you woｒk ｈard． 除非你努力学习，否则是学不好英语的。 <温馨提示>由ｉf引导的条件状语从句，若从句表达的是与现在事实相反的事实,则常用虚拟语气,即用过去时态表示(如果涉及到ｂe动词，一律都用wｅre)。此时,主句则用过去将来时。
中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析
中考从句讲与练 定语从句： （一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. （二）特例：只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that，2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. （三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best . 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. （四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy. 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China.
状语从句 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状 语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让 步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 ⑴时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard ( rain hard 下大雨) when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telepho ne rang. As he walked along (沿着走) the lake, he sang happily. He had lear ned a little Chin ese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I ' ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everyth ing whe n he comes back. He won ' t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3) 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是一直到……时” 谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是直到……才……”,在…??…以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out (熄灭) Let ' s wait until the rain stops. We won' t start until Bob comes. Don' get off (从下来) until the bus stops. 【Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止 (不怎么可能持续)。固定组合里from morning till night，till/until是不能替换的，】 2. 条件状语从句 (1) 条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don' t leave the buildi ng uni ess I tell you to. (2) 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I ' ll helyou with your English if am free tomorrow. He won ' t be late uni ess he is ill. (3) 祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or you ' ll be=iayau don ' t hurry up, you ' ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：