1
阐述expound(explain), state
引入introduce into
相应的corresponding
概念conception
概论overview
概率probability
概念化conceptualize
宏观的macroscopic
补充complement
规划plan
证明demonstrate, certify, attest
证实confirmation
补偿compensate, make up, imburse 算法algorithm
判别式discriminant
有限元方法finite element method(FEM)
样本单元法sample element method(SEM)
赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM)
赤平投影stereographic projection
干扰位移法interference displacement method(IDM)
干扰能量法interference energy method(IEM)条分法method of slices
极限平衡法limit equilibrium method
界面元法boundary element method
模拟simulate
计算程序computer program
数值分析numerical analysis
计算工作量calculation load
解的唯一性uniqueness of solution
多层结构模型laminated model
非线性nonlinear
横观各向同性lateral isotropy
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
非均质性heterogeneity
边界条件boundary condition
本构方程constitutive equation
初始条件initial condition
初始状态rest condition
岩土工程geotechnical engineering,
土木工程civil engineering
基础工程foundation engineering
最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface 交替alternate
控制论cybernetics
大量现场调查mass field surveys
组合式combined type 相互作用interaction
稳定性评价stability evaluation
均质性homogeneity
介质medium
层layer, stratum
组构fabric
1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic
工程地质条件engineering geological conditions
地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions
地形land form
地貌geomorphology, relief
微地貌microrelief
地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade
地形图relief map
河谷river valley
河道river course
河床river bed(channel)
冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)
阶地terrace
冲积平原alluvial plain
三角洲delta
古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel
冲积扇alluvial fan
洪积扇diluvial fan
坡积裙talus apron
分水岭divide
盆地basin
岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞solution cave, karst cave
落水洞sinkhole
土洞Karstic earth cave
2地层岩性
地层geostrome (stratum, strata)
岩性lithologic character, rock property
岩体rock mass
岩层bed stratum
岩层layer, rock stratum
母岩matrix, parent rock
相变facies change
硬质岩strong rock, film
软质岩weak rock
2
硬质的competent
软质的incompetent
基岩bedrock
岩组petrofabric
覆盖层overburden
交错层理cross bedding
层面bedding plane
片理schistosity
层理bedding
板理（叶理）foliation
波痕ripple-mark
泥痕mud crack
雨痕raindrop imprints
造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral
高岭土kaolinite
蒙脱石montmorillonite
伊利石illite
云母mica
白云母muscovite
黑云母biotite
石英quartz
长石feldspar
正长石orthoclase
斜长石plagioclase
辉石pyroxene, picrite
角闪石hornblende
方解石calcite
构造structure
结构texture
组构fabric(tissue)
矿物组成mineral composition 结晶质crystalline
非晶质amorphous
产状attitude
火成岩igneous
岩浆岩magmatic rock
火山岩（熔岩）lava
火山volcano
侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock
深成岩plutonic rock
浅成岩pypabysal rock
酸性岩acid rock
中性岩inter-mediate rock
基性岩basic rock
超基性岩ultrabasic rock
岩基rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙）dike 岩株rock stock
岩流rock flow
岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆rock lopolith
岩墙rock dike
岩床rock sill
岩脉vein dyke
花岗岩granite
斑岩porphyry
玢岩porphyrite
流纹岩rhyolite
正长岩syenite
粗面岩trachyte
闪长岩diorite
安山岩andesite
辉长岩gabbro
玄武岩basalt
细晶岩aplite
伟晶岩pegmatite
煌斑岩lamprophyre
辉绿岩diabase
橄榄岩dunite
黑曜岩obsidian
浮岩pumice
火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia
火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate
凝灰岩tuff
沉积岩sedimentary rock
碎屑岩clastic rock
粘土岩clay rock
粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone
化学岩chemical rock
生物岩biolith
砾岩conglomerate
角砾岩breccia
砂岩sandstone
石英砂岩quartz sandstone
粉砂岩siltstone
钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone
泥岩mudstone
页岩shale
盐岩saline
石灰岩limestone
白云岩dolomite
泥灰岩marl
泥钙岩argillo-calcareous
泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous
砂质arenaceous
泥质argillaceous
硅质的siliceous
有机质organic matter
粗粒coarse grain
中粒medium-grained
沉积物sediment (deposit)
漂石、顽石boulder
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
砂sand
粉土silt
粘土clay
粘粒clay grain
砂质粘土sandy clay
粘质砂土clayey sand
壤土、亚粘土loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam
浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)
黄土loess
红土laterite
泥灰peat
软泥ooze
淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay
冲积物（层）alluvion
冲积的alluvial
洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
洪积的diluvial
坡积物（层）deluvium
残积物（层）eluvium
残积的eluvial
风积物（层）eolian deposits
湖积物（层）lake deposits
海积物（层）marine deposits
冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits
崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium
残积粘土residual clay
变质岩metamorphic rock
板岩slate
千枚岩phyllite
片岩schist
片麻岩gneiss
石英岩quartzite
大理岩marble
糜棱岩mylonite
混合岩migmatite
碎裂岩cataclasite
3地质构造
地质构造geologic structure 结构构造structural texture
大地构造geotectonic
构造运动tectogenesis
造山运动orogeny
升降运动vertical movement
水平运动horizontal movement
完整性perfection(integrity)
起伏度waviness
尺寸效应size effect
围压效应confining pressure effect
产状要素elements of attitude
产状attitude, orientation
走向strike
倾向dip
倾角dip angle, angle of dip
褶皱fold
褶曲fold
单斜monocline
向斜syncline
背斜anticline
穹隆dome
挤压squeeze
上盘upper section
下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall
断距separation
相交intersect
断层fault
正断层normal fault
逆断层reversed fault
平移断层parallel fault
层理bedding, stratification
微层理light stratification
地堑graben
地垒horst, fault ridge
断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation
断裂fracture
破碎带fracture zone
节理joint
节理组joint set
裂隙fissure, crack
微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage
原生裂隙original joint
次生裂隙epigenetic joint
张裂隙tension joint
剪裂隙shear joint
卸荷裂隙relief crack
裂隙率fracture porosity
结构类型structural pattern
岩体结构rock mass structure
岩块block mass
结构体structural element
块度blockness
结构面structural plane
软弱结构面weak plane
临空面free face
碎裂结构cataclastic texture
板状结构platy structure
薄板状lamellose
块状的lumpy, massive
层状的laminated
巨厚层giant thick-laminated
薄层状的finely laminated
软弱夹层weak intercalated layer
夹层inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer
夹泥层clayey intercalation
夹泥inter-clay
连通性connectivity
切层insequent
影响带affecting zone
完整性integrity n.
Integrate v. & a.
degree of integrality
破碎crumble
胶结cement
泥化argillization
尖灭taper-out
错动diastrophism
错动层面faulted bedding plane
断续的intermittent
破碎crumble
共轭节理conjugated joint
散状loose
透镜状的lens-shaped a.
岩石碎片crag
岩屑cuttings, debris
薄膜membrane, film
层理stratification
高角度high dip angle
缓倾角low dip angle
反倾anti-dip
互层interbed v.
Interbedding n.
起伏的unplanar 波状起伏的undulate, undulating
粒径particle size
构造层tectonosphere
挤压compression
均一的homogeneous
剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone
切割dissection
切割的dissected
致密close, compact
构造岩tectonite
糜棱岩mylonite
断层角砾岩fault breccia
方解石脉calcite vein
碎块岩clastic rock
角砾breccia
岩粉rock powder
岩屑debris, debry
固结consolidation
定向排列oriented spread
构造应力tectonic stress
残余应力residual stress
4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions 水文循环hydrologic cycle
大气圈atmosphere
水圈hydrosphere
岩石圈geosphere
地表径流surface runoff
地下径流subsurface runoff
流域valley, drainage basin
流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area
地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water
大气水atmospheric water
气态水aqueous (vapour) water
液态水liquid water
固态水solid water
上层滞水perched water
潜水phreatic water
承压水confined water
吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium
空隙void
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 扬压力uplift pressure
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure
动水压力hydrodynamic pressure
渗透力seepage pressure
外水压力external water pressure
内水压力internal water pressure
水力联系hydraulic interrelation
水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient 水头损失water head loss
渗透途径filtration path, seepage path
渗透系数penetration coefficient
潜水位water table level
水位water level, stage level
水头water head
含水层aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard
滞水层aquiclude
透水层permeable layer, pervious layer 不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable layer, aquiclude
潜水含水层phreatic aquifer
承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer
承压面bearing surface
潜水面phreatic surface, water table
浸润线phreatic curve
不透水边界impervious boundary
地下分水岭groundwater ridge
粘滞性viscosity
富水性abundance
透水性（渗透性）permeability
淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching
反滤层inverted gravel filter
水锈incrustation
渗滴seep
饱和saturation, saturated
潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level 气象因素meteorological factor
饱水带zone of saturation
包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration 包气带水aeration zone water
上层滞水perched water
孔隙水pore water
裂隙水fissure water
岩溶水karstic water
结合水bound water, combined water 吸着水hydroscopic water
薄膜水pellicular water
毛细水capillary water
重力水gravitational water 凝结水condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence
地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence
压水试验packer permeability test
抽水试验pumping test
5物理力学性质
物理力学physical mechanics n.
Physico-mechanical a.
屈服准则yield criteria
米赛斯屈服准则V on Mises yield criteria
朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory
剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model
邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model
本构方程constitutive equation
局部剪切破坏local shear failure
整体剪切破坏general shear failure
岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数factor of safety
埋深embedment depth
试件coupons
挠度deflection
里氏震级Richter scale
设计烈度design intensity
基本烈度basic intensity
场地烈度site intensity
地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale
卓越周期predominant period
持力层sustained yield
超载surcharge
围岩压力surrounding rock stress
附加压力superimposed stress
应力松弛stress relaxation
应力路迳stress path
卸荷unload
渗透率specific permeability
饱和度degree of saturation
含水量moisture content
平均粒径mean diameter
颗粒grain, granule, particle
颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,
grain composition, size distribution
级配graduation,
grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump
不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity, variation coefficient, variation factor
颗粒分级gradation, size grading
孔隙水pore water
孔隙比void ratio (ration)
空隙率air voids
孔隙率porosity
裂隙率crackity
溶隙率karstity
密度density
重度unit weight, bulk weight
浮重度buoyant unit weight
折减系数reduction factor
压力消散dissipation of pressure
抗力系数coefficient of resistance
软化系数softening coefficient
含水量water content
稠度consistency
塑限plastic limit
液限liquid limit
塑性指数plasticity index
液性指数liquidity index
流变rheological
蠕变creep
塑性plastic
脆性brittleness(fragility)
粘性stickness
刚性rigidity
弹性的elastic
粘弹性viso-elasticity
弹塑性elasto-plasticity
压缩性compressibility
均质性homogeneity
非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
总应力total stress
有效应力effective stress
超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
抗压强度compressive strength
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗剪强度shear strength
不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght
峰值抗剪强度peak share strength
长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength 残余抗剪强度residual shear strength
负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown
摩擦角angle of friction
内摩擦角angle of internal friction
外摩擦角angle of external friction
内聚力cohesion
粘聚力cohesion
假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion
粘着力adhesion
摩尔圆Mohr’s circle
包络线envelope
休止角angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle
峰值peak
模量modulus
弹性模量modulus of elasticity，
Young’s modulus, elastic modulus
压缩模量modulus of compressibility
变形模量modulus of deformation
卸荷模量unloading modulus
切线模量tangent modulus
剪切模量shear modulus
割线模量secant modulus
旁压模量pressurmeter modulus
泊松比poisson’s ration
固结consolidation
固结系数coefficient of consolidation
固结度degree of consolidation
超固结比over consolidation ration
应变strain
压缩比compressibility ratio
压缩系数coefficient of compressibility
压缩指数compression index
初始曲线virgin curve
正常固结土normally consolidated soil
欠固结土under-consolidated soil
超固结土over-consolidated soil
被动土压力passive earth pressure
主动土压力active earth pressure
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
覆盖压力overburden pressure
初始应力initial stress
地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field 有效应力effective stress
动应力dynamic stress
动荷载dynamic load
偏心荷载eccentric loads
循环荷载inclined loads
地应力ground stress, geostatic stress
初始应力initial stress
应力场stress field
纵波longitudinal wave
液化势liquefaction potential
液化指数liquefaction index
交角angular
岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance 容许承载力allowable bearing capacity
临塑压力critical pressure
接触压力contact pressure
6工程地质问题
工程地质问题engineering geological problem 定性评价qualitative estimate
定量评价quantitative estimate
极限平衡法limit equilibrium method
不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition
风化weathering
变形deformation
位移displacement
不均匀位移differential movement
相对位移relative displacement
沉陷settlement
山崩avalanche, toppling
崩塌toppling, toppling collapse
滑坡、地滑creep, slide
切层滑坡insequent landslide
深层滑坡deep slide
浅层滑坡shallow slide
顺层滑坡consequent landslide
滑动面
sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
滑动带sliding zone
滑床slide bed
滑坡体slide(sliding) mass
古滑坡fossil landslide
推移式滑坡slumping slide
牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide
管涌piping, internal erosion
渗漏leakage
流砂quicksand
渗流seepage
液化liquefaction
7工程勘察engineering investigation 工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation
岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation
工程地质条件engineering geological condition
工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation
勘测survey
岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction
岩芯获得率
RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation 程序（步骤）procedure
勘察阶段investigational stage
选点踏勘reconnaissance
初步设计primary design
初步规划preliminary scheme
初步勘探preliminary prospecting
初步踏勘ground reconnaissance
可行性研究阶段feasibility stage
初步设计阶段preliminary stage
施工阶段construction sage
踏勘reconnaissance, inspection
地质测绘geological survey
工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping
钻探borehole operation, boring
物探geophysical exploration
洞探exploratory adits
钎探rod sounding
坑探exploring mining
槽探trenching
天然建材调查
natural materials surveying (examination)
岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report
鉴定identification, appraisal
鉴定书expertise report
鉴定人identifier, surveyor
校核verification
总监chief inspector
比例proportion
地形图geographic map
地貌图geomorphological map
地质图geological map
工程地质图engineering geological map
实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)
构造地质图geological structure map
第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology
地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log
钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole
纵剖面图longitudinal section
横剖面图cross section
展示图reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图rose of joints
基岩等高线bed rock contour
层底等高线contour of stratum bottom
岩层界线strata boundary
岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate
分层bed separation
地质点geological observation point
勘探点exploratory point (spot)
勘探线exploratory line
勘探孔exploration hole
平洞adit
竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽exploratory trench
探井exploratory pit
钻孔borehole, drill hole
机钻孔ordinary drill hole
套钻孔sleeve drill hole
管钻孔pipe drill hole
岩芯core
岩芯钻探core drilling
回转钻探（进）rotary drilling
冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling
钢砂钻探shot drilling
铁砂钻进iron shot drilling
跟管钻进follow-down drilling
振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling 泥浆钻探mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进diamond drilling
单动式single acting
双层double layer
空气钻探air flush drilling
钻机drilling rig
钻头drill bit, drilling bit
螺旋钻头auger
勺钻spoon bit
冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit 桶式钻头bucket auger
钻杆drill rod
套管casing 岩芯管core barrel
冲洗掖flush fluid
正循环冲洗direct circulation
反循环冲洗reverse circulation
泥浆mud, slurry
泥皮mud cake
护壁dado
止水seal, water seal
扫孔cleaning bottom of hole
钻进drilling
平硐adit
竖井shaft
钻探drilling boring
8工程地质试验
击实试验compaction test
压缩试验compression test
固结试验consolidation test
单轴试验uniaxial compression test
现场剪切试验in-situ shear test
单剪试验simple shear test
直剪试验direct shear test
慢剪试验slow test
单剪试验simple shear test
快剪试验quick test
三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test
三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test
动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test
不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test) 固结不排水剪试验
consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)
固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)
原位测试in-situ test
现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring
现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection
观测孔observation borehole
静力触探试验cone penetration test,
static penetration test, static cone test
标贯试验standard penetration test
十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test
检层法up-hole method, borehole method 旁压试验pressuremeter test
动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding
点荷载试验point load test
岩石试验rock test
应力解除法stress relief method
应力恢复法stress recovery method
套孔法over-coring method
9岩土体加固
掌子面breast, driving face,
heading face, tunnel face
顶拱vault
底拱invert
洞室开挖excavation
超挖overbreak
风钻pneumatic drill
开挖断面excavated section
塌落slump
细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate
细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment
料场stock ground
土料earth material
矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag
性能function, performance, property, nature
凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation
合格qualified, on test, up to standard
初凝initial set
初凝时间initial setting time
终凝final set
配合比mix proportion
塌落度slump
水化热heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat
水灰比water-cement ratio
粉煤灰fly ash
梅花状quincuncial pattern
喷射shotcrete
浇注pouring
钢筋网coiremesh
加固reinforce
锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt
锚索anchored cable
锚紧端anchor station
锚桩anchored peg
采石场rock quarry
开挖excavation
清基cleanup foundation
明挖open-cut 爆破explosion
光面爆破smooth blasting
预裂法presplitting
10 水工概论
坝址toe of dam
坝踵heel
坝段monolith
坝顶crest
坝肩shoulders
左坝肩left dam abutment
副坝saddle dam
三坝址the third dam site
标高height mark
上游水位headwater
正常库水位normal reservoir level
地下洞室underground opening (tunnel) 压力隧洞pressure tunnel
无压隧洞gravity tunnel
交通洞access tunnel
灌浆洞grouting tunnel
明流洞free-flow tunnel
孔板洞orifice tunnel
排砂洞sediment tunnel
尾水洞tailrace tunnel
排水洞drainage tunnel
导流洞diversion tunnel
隧道tunnel
围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock 围岩应力secondary stress static
应力集中stress concentrate
覆盖层over burden
冒顶cave in, roof fall
底鼓bottom heave
回弹rebound
岩爆rock burst
冻结法freezing method
超载over break
衬砌lining
围堰cofferdam
堤dike
近坝岸坡abutments
施工（收缩）缝construction joint
心墙core
截水墙cutoff wall
防渗墙diaphragm wall
排水井drainage wells
排水幕drainage curtain
减压井relief wells
反滤层filter zone
灌浆材料grout
水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing
帷幔线curtain line
上游围堰upstream cofferdam
混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall
截流interim completion
导水墙channel training wall
正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork
消力塘lined plunge pool
隔墙divider walls
混凝土护坦concrete apron
副厂房auxiliary power house
闸门室gate chamber
中闸室mid gate chamber
开关站switch yard
电梯井elevator shaft
尾水渠tail race
非常溢洪道emergency spillway
11桥梁及基础工程
江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge
悬索桥suspension bridge
锚碇anchorage
重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage
北锚碇前（后）锚面
front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩tower
墩pier
散索鞍splay saddle
猫道footbridge
主缆main cable
索股cable strand
主鞍main saddle, tower saddle
主跨main span
边跨side span
引桥approach
钢箱梁steel box main girder
埋深embedment depth
北塔墩基础north tower base
基础foundation, footing
浅基础shallow foundation
深基础deep foundation
联合基础combined footing
筏形基础raft(mat) foundation
钢模steel form
桩pile
基桩foundation pile 群桩pile groups
桩基础pile foundation
桩承台pile cap
高桩承台high-rise pile cap
低桩承台buried pile cap
摩擦桩friction pile
端承桩end bearing pile
嵌岩桩socketed pile
板桩sheet pile
旋喷桩jet-grouted pile
灌注桩cast-in-place pile
沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile
支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles
刚性桩rigid pile
柔性桩flexible pile
侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile
轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile
预制桩precast concrete pile
振动打桩vibratory pile driving
振动钻进vibratory drilling
沉箱caisson
沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson
地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall
支撑bracing
超载surcharge
接触应力contact pressure
井点降水well-point dewatering
桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile 承载力bearing capacity
阻力resistance
桩端阻力end resistance
表面摩擦力skin friction
粘着系数adhesion factor
负摩擦力negative skin friction
安全系数factor of safety
压缩层compressed layer
附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress
持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer 地基土foundation soil, subsoil
临塑压力critical pressure
剪切破坏shear failure
地基失效foundation failure
冲剪破坏punching failure
渐进破坏progressive failure
容许荷载allowable load
极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity
沉降settlement
沉降差differential settlement
尾部倾斜angular distortion
倾斜tilting
坑底隆起bottom heave
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
稳定数stability number
路堤embankment
地基处理ground treatment soil improvement
垫层cushion
加固stabilization
注浆injection
灌浆guniting
帷幕curtain
挡土墙retaining wall
锚固anchoring
喷浆guniting
锚杆earth anchor
盲沟French drain
振冲法vibro jet
12监测仪器
观测孔observation bore/hole
仪器观测instrumentation
读数装置readout device
传感器transducer
探头probe
压力盒pressure cell
振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge
伸长计、变位计extension meter
板式沉降仪foundation base/pate
测斜仪inclinometer
测压计，渗压计piezometer
垂线plumb
垂直度plumbness
13安全监控
可靠性检查reliability checking
监控模型monitoring and prediction model
监测monitoring
资料datum, data
可靠性reliability
稳定性stability
安全safety
评估evaluation, appraise
评定assessment, assess, rate
评价准则criterion
灾害hazard, calamity
确定性方法论Deterministic methodology 应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)
事故accident
紧急状态emergency
紧急检查emergency inspection
灾情等级hazard classification
灾害评价hazard evaluation
风险评估risk assessment
静力（Static Analysis）
动力（Dynamic Analysis）
蠕变（Creep Material Model）
渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）
热力学（Thermal Option）
headward erosion溯源侵蚀
scouring of levee or bank淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地
the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault oblique~bedding bank slope
accredited 官方认可的；鉴定合格的 advantage 优势； agency 代理处；行销处；经售店 agenda 议事日程；事项 analog 模拟 APEC ( = Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum) Appetize r 开胃食品 Appliances 家用）电器 常用词汇表 (the) Americas 北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的总称 a la carte 照菜单点 菜 abstrac t 摘要， 概 要 academic conference 学术研讨 会 accessory 附属 附 件 accident report 事故报 告 Apparel 衣服；服 装 acknowledge 承认；感谢 ad hoc committee 临时成立的工作委员会 advance funds 预支货款 amplifier 扩音器 animation 动画 亚太经合组织
Application service provider (ASP) 应用软件服务商 Arc light 弧光 Arrival pattern 团队抵达时间 Arrogan t 自大的，傲慢的 Artic le 物品：商品 Artist ic 艺术的；美术的 Assemble 集合，聚集；装 配 Assimilat e 同化；消化；吸收；彻底了解 Assistant stage manager 助理展台经 理 Associated firm 联号 Associatio n 协会 Attendance 观众；出席者，出席人 数 Attendee 参加会议或展览的人；出席 者 Attracti on 景点；引人注意之物 Au lait 加牛奶 Auction 拍卖 Audio conference 电话会议 Audiovisual (AV) 视听设备 Audiovisual aids 视听辅助设备 Authorized signature 授权签字 Automaker 汽车制造 商 Automation 自动化，自动 机
【essay】常用academic词汇来源：谭希的日志 1.增补(Addition) in addition另外, furthermore此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, fi nally最后 2.比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as 同样地 3.对照(Contrast) whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accor dingly, hence, so, thus 5.强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is tru e.... 7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, b y way of illustration. 8.总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9.推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
土建专业常用英文词汇(较完整版) A-frame A型骨架水泥cement 粉煤灰pulverized fuel ash 碎石broken stone cracked sto ne A-truss A型构架供应量supply 外加剂admixture cement additive abrasion 磨耗；磨蚀桩的平面布置pile layo ut 伸缩接头expansion joint 稀释沥青cut back bitumen abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机回填backfill 摩擦角an angle of frictio n 颗粒材料granular fill abrasive grinding machine 磨机(火石机) 颗粒层granular layer 立方码cubic yard abrasive particle 磨粒psi ＝po und/square inch 英制压力单位Psi具体单位是“lb/in2”, 就是“磅/平方英寸”路堤embankment 粗滤层coarse fliter abso rptio n 吸收ingredients 组成部分，成分，原料；要素，因素job mix formula 工地配合比abutment 桥台；拱座sampling 抽样frequency of test 检测频率 abutting end 邻接端co mpliance with 遵守符合co nform to 遵照符合acceleratio n 加速 in accordance with 依照与…一致wet cohesion 湿粘聚力Asphalt Binder 沥青胶泥 acceleratio n lane 加速车道potholes 坑洞locatio n 现场 acceleratio n pedal 加速器踏板reno mattress 石笼垫层splash pad 冲刷层geo-textile 土工布accelerato r 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂free drainage 自由排水 acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门 access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处 access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道 access ro ad 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道 access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 上落踏板；出入踏板 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶 accessory 附件；配件 accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 acco mmodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laborato ry 认可私营实验室 accumulato r 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 准确度极限 acetylene cylinder 乙炔气(风煤)樽 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 aco ustic co uplant 声耦合剂 aco ustic co upler 声耦合器 aco ustic lining 隔音板
组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器 fuse together熔合 repair修理 operator作业员 QC quality品管 supervisor 课长 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查 thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试 V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表 trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车 personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 lathe车床 planer |'plein|刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器 defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 iudustrial alcohol工业酒精 Tiana天那水 packaging打包 missing part漏件 wrong part错件 excessive defects过多的缺陷 critical defect极严重缺陷 major defect主要缺陷 minor defect次要缺陷 not up to standard不合规格 dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏 大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良 slipped screwhead/slippery screw head 螺丝滑头 speckle斑点 rust生锈 deformation变形 burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边 poor staking铆合不良 excesssive gap间隙过大 grease/oil stains油污 inclusion杂质 painting peel off脏污 shrinking/shrinkage缩水 mixed color杂色 scratch划伤 poor processing 制程不良 poor incoming part事件不良 painting make-up补漆 discoloration羿色 water spots水渍 polishing/surface processing表面处理 exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露 lack of painting烤漆不到位 safety安全 quality品质 delivery deadline交货期 cost成本 engineering工程 die repair模修 enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划 qualified products, up-to-grade products良品 defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品 to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skræpid|报废 (be)qualfied, up to grade合格 not up to grade, not qualified不合格
Academic Vocabulary Equipping yourself with the relevant academic vocabulary will give you a head start in your university studies. Especially if you’re a second language learner of English, studying in a foreign language can be very difficult and time-consuming. In order to do well, you may want to consider the following ways of learning academic vocabulary more effectively and relevantly. You will need: The General Service List. The GSL is a list of general and basic vocabulary of English used in order of frequency. It has been recognized and used quite extensively among second lan- guage learners of English for work and study. It was first created by West in 1953. The version used was then adapted by Baumann and Culligan in 1995. It contains almost 2,300 words. The GSL here is divided into smaller sublists. Sublist 1 has the first 500 words. Sublist 2 the next 500 words etc. For the complete word lists, refer to: https://www.doczj.com/doc/967783955.html,/~alzsh3/acvocab/wordlists.htm Subject-related Word List. This is a list of words which is specific to your discipline of studies, for example, finance, accounting, education and others. The index at the back of your textbook is generally the best guide to the terms, concepts that are widely used in the subject. The index is a valuable guide to understanding the key concepts and terms used in a subject. So make good use of the book index. You may also want to consult this site for some additional help and ideas. https://www.doczj.com/doc/967783955.html,/vocab/select/selframs.htm The Academic World List. The AWL is first developed by and compiled by Averil Coxhead Victoria University of Wellingtown, New Zealand. The AWL contains 10 sublists that include 570 word families which appeared most frequently in academic texts. There are 60 words in each sublist 1-9, and 30 in Sublist 10. Sublist one consists of the 60 mostly frequently ap- peared words in the academic texts and sublist two consists of the next 60 word families and so on. The academic corpus contained approximately3,500,000 active vocabulary taken from a variety of texts used and read across the faculties, spanning over more than 25 subject areas. The complete Academic Word list of 570 root words and their word families can be conveniently found in https://www.doczj.com/doc/967783955.html,/vocab/select/awl.htm with a quick link to their the dictionary meanings. A note to mention is that the list here is arranged in alphabetical order and NOT by sublists. Nevertheless, this is a great site to learn the meanings of the AWL words.
闻报道常用英语词汇 accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n．广告．advance n．预发消息；预写消息affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdote n．趣闻轶事assignment n．采写任务attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源back alley news n. 小道消息backgrounding n．新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。banner n．通栏标题beat n．采写范围blank vt. "开天窗" body n. 新闻正文boil vt．压缩(篇幅) box n. 花边新闻brief n. 简讯bulletin n．新闻简报byline n. 署名文章caption n．图片说明caricature n．漫画carry vt．刊登cartoon n．漫画censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件)，新闻审查chart n．每周流行音乐排行版clipping n．剪报column n．专栏；栏目columnist n．专栏作家continued story 连载故事;连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑contribution n．(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributor n．投稿人copy desk n．新闻编辑部copy editor n．文字编辑correction n．更正(启事) correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者；常驻外埠记者cover vt．采访;采写cover girl n. 封面女郎covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访crop vt．剪辑(图片) crusade n．宣传攻势cut n．插图vt．删减(字数) cut line n．插图说明daily n．日报dateline n．新闻电头deadline n．截稿时间dig vt．深入采访；追踪(新闻线索)；“挖”(新闻) digest n．文摘editorial n．社论editorial office 编辑部daily 日报morning edition 晨报evening edition 晚报quality paper 高级报纸popular paper 大众报纸evening paper 晚报government organ 官报party organ 党报trade paper 商界报纸Chinese paper 中文报纸English newspaper 英文报纸vernacular paper 本国文报纸Japanese paper 日文报纸political news 政治报纸Newspaper Week 新闻周刊the front
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
金属切削metal cutting 机床machine tool 金属工艺学technology of metals 刀具cutter 摩擦friction 联结link 传动drive/transmission 轴shaft 弹性elasticity 频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error 响应response 定位allocation 机床夹具jig 动力学dynamic 运动学kinematics 静力学static 分析力学analysis mechanics 拉伸pulling 压缩hitting 剪切shear 扭转twist 弯曲应力bending stress 强度intensity 三相交流电three-phase AC 磁路magnetic circles 变压器transformer 异步电动机asynchronous motor 几何形状geometrical 精度precision 正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation应力stress 硬度rigidity 热处理heat treatment 退火anneal 正火normalizing 脱碳decarbonization 渗碳carboniz ation 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element 反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 逻辑代数logic algebra 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding
The Academic Word List (AWL) by Sublist Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 1 are listed below. analysis approach area assessment assume authority available benefit concept consistent constitutional context contract create data definition derived distribution economic environment established estimate evidence export factors financial formula function identified income indicate individual interpretation involved issues labour legal legislation major method occur percent period policy principle procedure process required research response role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory variables
1、图纸 drawing 2、蓝图 blueprint 3、平面图 plan 4、基地平面，建筑设计总平面 site plan 5、规划总平面 master plan 6、首层平面ground level floor plan （英） first level floor plan （美） ground floor plan （英） first floor plan （美） 7、公共建筑 public building 8、办公楼 office building 9、教学楼 teaching building 10、低层建筑 low-rise building 11、多层建筑 mid-rise building 12、高层建筑 high-rise building 13、塔楼tower building 14、裙楼skirt building 15、景观分析与评估 landscape analysis and assessment 16、交通体系分析图circulation analysis 17、占总用地比例 Percentage of land use(%) 18、人均用地面积 land area per capita average land area per person
19、居住用地 Residential 20、公共设施用地 Commercial and Public Facilities 21、工业用地 Industrial / Manufacturing 22、建筑占地面积building coverage area 23、建筑密度building coverage ratio building density 24、绿化面积 green area 25、绿地率 green ratio 26、总建筑面积 (GFA） total / overall / gross floor area 27、容积率 ( FAR ）floor area ratio/plot ratio 28、实用面积 usable area 29、地下层 Basement level/ floor 30、地下一层 Basement level/ floor 1 Basement 1 level/ floor 31、地下二层 Basement level/ floor 2 Basement 2 level/ floor 32、城市规划 Urban planning 33、景观规划 landscape planning 34、城市总体规划纲要 master planning outline
机械业内常用的中英文术语对照 1 管道组成件 Piping component 1.1 管子 Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe; straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径180巴渫?long radius return 短半径180巴渫?short radius return
以下是我在工作中常用的 ALL WELDS CONTINUOUS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. 未注焊缝均为连续焊 ALL WELDS 3mm FILLET UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED 未注焊角高3mm. ALL UNSPECIFIED RADI - R3 未注圆角R3 REMOVE ALL BURRS AND SHARP EDGES 棱角倒钝CHANNEL 槽钢 RSA 708 角钢70X70X8 M30X1.5 pitch M30X1.5的锥螺纹Tackweld 点焊 OD 1/4" outside dimension 1/4"的缩写外径直1/4" 75 CRS 尺寸为75 材质为冷轧钢板 410 OPENING REF 410 开口参考尺寸 40 REF 尺寸为40,参考值 2.5" BSP 2.5” 圆锥管螺纹 2.5" BSPT HEXAGON 2.5” 六角圆锥管螺纹(即对丝) 30x2.5 FLAT BAR 30X2.5 扁钢 TYP 2 POSNS 2处 11 TOTAL COILS APROX.9 WORKING COILS APROX.RIGHT HAND WOUND ONLY,END COILS SQUARE TO TOUCH.
总圈数约11圈；工作圈数约9圈；右旋；弹簧的端部磨平以便于接触.(此为弹簧技术说明) FEMALE: 内扣(母扣) MALE: 外扣(公扣) 偏心轴eccentric shaft 销轴PIN 开口销COTTER PIN 螺杆screw 紧定螺钉SET SCREW 圆螺母ROUND NUT 内六角螺钉SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW 六角螺钉HEX HD SETSCREW 六角螺栓HEX HD BOLT 挡圈closing ring 弹性挡圈circlip 轴承隔套distance sleeve of axletree 轴承axletree 深沟球轴承DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARING 无扣长non-buckle longth 弹簧SPRING 吊环螺钉LIFTING EYE BOLT 开槽盘头螺钉SLOTTED PAN HEAD SCREW
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List analyse analysed analyser analysers analyses analysing analysis analyst analysts analytic analytical analytically analyze analyzed analyzes analyzing approach approachable approached approaches approaching unapproachable area areas assess assessable assessed assesses assessing assessment assessments reassess reassessed reassessing reassessment unassessed assume assumed assumes assuming assumption assumptions authority authoritative authorities available availability unavailable benefit beneficial beneficiary beneficiaries benefited benefiting benefits concept conception concepts conceptual conceptualisation conceptualise conceptualised conceptualises conceptualising conceptually consist consisted consistency consistent consistently consisting consists inconsistencies inconsistency inconsistent constitute constituencies constituency constituent constituents constituted constitutes constituting constitution constitutions constitutional constitutionally constitutive unconstitutional context contexts contextual contextualise contextualised contextualising uncontextualised contextualize contextualized contextualizing uncontextualized contract contracted contracting contractor contractors contracts create created creates creating creation creations creative creatively creativity creator creators recreate recreated recreates recreating data define definable defined defines defining definition definitions redefine redefined redefines redefining undefined derive derivation
1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period