近三十年托福阅读词汇汇编
考频考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义
a handful of a few n.小撮；一把
a setback to a check to the progress of n.挫折；障碍
2abandon give up v.放弃；抛弃
2abandon give up v.放弃；抛弃abbreviate short v.缩写；节略
abhorrent distasteful a.讨厌的；不合口味的abiding enduring a.持续的；永久的
ablaze radiant a.闪耀的；绚丽的
abnormally exceptionally ad.反常地；异常地
abolish eliminate v.取消；废除
abound in be full of v.充满；盛满
2abroad in the foreign countries ad.在国外；到国外
2abroad in other countries ad.
abrupt sudden a.突然的；意外的
3abruptly suddenly ad.突然地；意外地
3abruptly suddenly ad.
3abruptly suddenly ad.
absentminded forgetful a.心不在焉的
abstract summary n.摘要；概括
4abundant plentiful a.丰富的；充裕的
4abundant plentiful a.
4abundant plentiful a.
4abundant plentiful a.
2abundantly in great numbers ad.充裕地；大量地
2abundantly generously ad.
academy school n.中等学校；专科院校accede with agree to v.同意；应允
3accelerate increase v.加速；加大
3accelerate rapid v.
3accelerate speed up v.
accept permit v.接受；认可
access admittance to n.进入；接近
2accessible available a.易得到的；易接近的2accessible available a.可用的
3acclaim praised v.欢呼；喝彩
3acclaim praised v.
3acclaim recognition n.recognition承认；公认accommodate handle v.容纳；运营
accommodation lodging n.招待设备；膳宿供应2accompany join v.伴随；陪同
2accompany travel with v.
according to depending on依据；按照；；取决于2accordingly for that reason ad.因此
2accordingly consequently ad.
account explain v.解释；说明
2account for explain v.
2account for explain v.
2account for explain v.解释，说明accretion accumulation n.增加；积累
3accumulate collect v.积累；积聚；聚集
3accumulate pile up v.
3accumulate collect v.聚集
accurate exact a.精确的；准确的
accustom to used to v.习惯于
ache hurt v.刺痛；损伤
achievement accomplishment n.成就；成绩
acid harsh a.尖刻的；刺耳的
acquaint with informed about v.了解；认识
acquire obtain v.获得；取得
acrid bitter a.辛辣的；苦涩的
acrimonious bitter a.刻毒的；厉害的
actively vigorously ad.积极地；主动地
3actually really ad.实际上；事实上
3actually in fact ad.
3actually really ad.
actuate set in motion v.启动；激励
acute critical a.尖锐的；次要的
acutely keenly ad.敏锐地；强烈地
adaptation modification n.改变；变化
addition besides n.此外；并且
address speech n.演说；致辞
2adequate sufficient a.充分的；足够的
2adequate sufficient a.
adhere stick v.黏附；胶着
adherent follower n.信徒；追随者
2adjacent near；nearby a.邻近的；毗邻的
2adjoining neighboring a.毗邻的；邻近的adjunct addition n.附加物
adjunct to addition to n.附属物；附加物
administered managed v.管理
admire esteem v.羡慕；钦佩
2adopt enact v.采用；正式通过
2adopt take on v.
adorn decorate v.装饰
adornment embellishment n.装饰；装饰品
2adult mature a.成熟的；成年的
2adult mature a.
advantage make use of n.利用
3advent coming n.出现；到来
3advent arrival n.
3advent arrival n.
2adverse negative a.相反的；不利的
2adverse negative a.
3adversely negatively ad.不利地；有害地
3adversely detrimentally ad.
3adversely negatively ad.
advocate proponent n.倡导者；辩护者
aesthetically artistically ad.审美地；美学地
affection fondness n.慈爱；钟爱
affectionately lovingly ad.充满深情地；亲切地affliction problem n.折磨；苦恼
affluence wealth n.富裕；丰富
affront insult v.公开侮辱；轻蔑
2aggressive combative a.寻衅的；好斗的
2aggressive combative a.
2agrarian farming a.农业的；耕地的
2agrarian agricultural a.
2ahead of preceding prep.在……之前；在……前面
2ahead of in front of prep.
aid help v.帮助;援助aided helped v.帮助
ailment disease n.疾病；小病
2aim goal n.目标；目的
2aim objective n.
airborne aloft a.空中的；飞行的alarm frightened v.惊恐；警觉
alert wary a.机敏的
all everywhere ad.到处；遍及
allay reduce v.减轻；减少
allegiance loyalty n.忠诚；忠心
alliance association n.联盟；同盟
2allocate distributed v.分派；配给
2allocate awarded v.
2alloy mixed v./n.v.熔合n.合金2alloy blend v./n.v.熔合n.合金4almost nearly ad.几乎；差不多
4almost practically ad.
4almost nearly ad.
4almost nearly ad.
aloft in flight ad.在高处；飞行中alongside next to ad.傍靠;紧靠
aloof from separate from a.远离的；分隔的4alter change v.改变；变化；调整4alter change v.
4alter modify v.
4alter adjust v.
alteration renovation n.翻新;整修
alternately one after another ad.轮流地;交替地
alternative option n.替代；替代物
alternative to substitute for n.替代；替代物
altitude elevation n.海拔；高度
altogether completely ad.完全地
amateur nonprofessional n.业余爱好者；非专业人员
ambition goal n.野心；抱负；目标ambitious enterprising a.有野心的；有抱负的ambivalence conflicting feeling n.矛盾心理；犹豫不决amenity comfort n.舒适；安逸
2amount quantity n.数量；数额
2amount quantity n.
an impetus to an incentive to n.刺激；推动
analogy parallel n.类似；比拟
ancestor forefather n.祖先；祖宗
anchor secure v.弄牢；固定
2ancient old a.古老的；古代的
2ancient earliest a.
ancillary secondary a.附属的；辅助的
anguished tormented a.痛苦的；苦恼的
annals chronicle n.编年史；纪年表
annihilate conquer v.消灭；征服
annoying irritating a.恼人的；讨厌的
annual yearly a.每年的；年度的
annually yearly ad.每年；年度
anonymous unknown a.无名的；匿名的
antagonist enemy n.对手；敌人
antagonistic quarreling a.敌对的;对抗的
antecedent predecessor n.先辈
anthem song n.国歌;圣歌
3anticipate look forward to v.期待；盼望；预期
3anticipate expect v.
3anticipate expect v.
antique old a.古式的；旧式的
apace with as fast as快速的
apathetic uninvolved a.漠然的；冷淡的
apparel clothes n.衣服;服饰
2apparently seemingly ad.似乎；好像
2apparently seemingly ad.
appeal challenge v.上诉；挑战
2appealing attractive a.有感染力的；吸引人的2appealing attractive a.
appear seem v.似乎；好像
applaud clap v.鼓掌;喝彩
application use n.应用;使用
apply use for v.应用；适用
appoint designate v.选派；任命
appreciate admire v.鉴赏；赏识
appreciated recognized v.赏识
appreciation recognition n.鉴赏；鉴别
approach near v.靠近；接近
appropriate suitable a.适当的；适宜的
appropriation founding n.拨款；专款
approximately about ad.近似；大约
apt appropriate a.贴切的;恰当的2aptly appropriately ad.适当地
2aptly fittingly ad.恰当地；贴切地arbitrarily randomly ad.任意地；专横地arboreal tree-dwelling a.树木的；树栖的ardent passionate a.热心的；热情的
4arduous difficult a.艰巨的；艰苦的；费力的
4arduous laborious a.
4arduous difficult a.
4arduous difficult a.
arid dry a.干旱的；干枯的aromatic fragrant a.芳香的；芬芳的4arouse provoke v.唤起；激发
4arouse excite v.
4arouse excite v.
4arouse stimulate v.
2arrange put together v.安排；整理
2arrange plan v.
array collection n.批量；大量
arrive reach v.抵达；达到
article object n.物品，物体
artificial synthetic a.人工的；合成的2as a result of because of由于；因为
6as a substitute for in place of v.代替；n.替代物2as well as in addition of ad.也；又ascend climb v.攀升；升高
2ascertain determine v.查明；确定
2ascertain determine v.
ask request v.询问；请求
asphyxiation suffocation n.窒息
aspiration ambition n.志气；抱负
3assemble gather v.装配；组合
3assemble bring together v.
3assemble put together v.
assembly gathering n.集合；集会
assert emphatically state v.宣称；断言
asset advantage n.优点；长处
assiduous diligent a.勤勉的；不倦的
3assist help v.帮助；援助
3assist aid v.帮助；援助
3assist aid v.帮助；援助associate connect v.联合；联系
2assortment variety n.形形色色；各式各样2assortment variety n.
3assumption belief n.设想；假定
3assumption supposition n.
3assumption belief n.
2assuredly certainly ad.无疑地；确信地
2assuredly certainly ad.
2astonishing astounding a.惊人的；震惊的
2astonishing amazing a.
at any rate regardless无论如何；至少
at home comfortable a.舒适的；自在的
3at once immediately ad.立即；马上atmosphere air n.大气；空气
attach fasten v.依附；粘结
attachment preference for n.依恋；偏好
2attained achieved v.达到
2attained reached v.
3attempt effort v./n.v.尝试n.effort努力3attempt effort v./n.
3attempt try v./n.
attend present v.出席；参加
attendant accompanying n.服务员
3attire clothing n.衣着；盛装
3attire dress n.
3attire clothing n.
2attractive pretty a.吸引人的；有感染力的2attractive appealing a.
5attribute credit v.被认为；被鉴定
5attribute characteristics n.品质；属性；特征
5attribute trait n.
5attribute characteristic n.
5attribute to testify as v./n.被认为；被鉴定为auditory hearing a.耳的,听觉的
authentically genuinely ad.真正地；地道地
authorize empower v.授权；批准
automatically involuntarily ad.自动地；无意识地autonomous independent a.独立的；自主的
2autonomy independence n.自治；自主
2autonomy independence n.
autumn fall n.秋季；秋天
avail make use v.有用
available obtainable a.可得到的；可利用的avaricious greedy a.贪心的；贪婪的
2avert avoid v.挡开；防止
2avert prevent v.
aviator pilot n.飞行员
2avid eager a.渴望的；热心的
2avid eager a.
award present with v.授予；给予
awe wonder n.敬畏；畏惧
awesome amazing a.令人敬畏的；令人惊奇的
bachelor unmarried man n.未婚男子
backbone spine n.脊骨；脊柱
backlog accumulation n.积压的工作
baffle perplex to n.迷惑；困惑
balance equilibrium n.平衡；均衡
balmy mild a.温和的；宜人的4ban prohibit v.禁止；阻止
4ban forbid v.
4ban prohibit v.
4ban forbid v.
2band form groups n./v.n.条纹，带；v.联合；结合
2band stripe n./v.
banish exile v.流放；放逐
bark outer covering n.树皮；茎皮
2barren infertile a.贫瘠的；不毛的
2barren infertile a.
barrier to obstacle to n.障碍；妨碍
2barter trade v.易货贸易；物物交换2barter exchange v.
base center of operation n.基地
basically fundamentally ad.基本地；主要地
2battle struggle v./n.v./n.战斗；斗争
2battle fight(fought)v./n.
be committed to be dedicated to v.交付；献身
be fond of like a.喜爱；爱好
2be fraught with charge with a.充满
2be fraught with full of a.
be penalized for be punished for v.处罚
be preoccupied with engrossed in a.出神的；全神贯注的bead drop n.水珠；水滴
2beam ray n.光束；光线
2beam ray n.
5bear assume v.承担；支撑
5bear support v.
5bear yield v.
5bear carry v.
5bear(bore)carry v.
beat(beaten)whip v.搅打；搅拌
become tarnished lost its luster v.失去光泽；变暗淡bedridden confined to bed a.卧床不起的
bedrock foundation n.基石；基础
begin commence v.开始；着手
behavior conduct n.行为；举止
behind to the rear of prep.在．．．后面
behold view v.观看；注视
2belong to be members of v.属于；附属
2belong to be owned by v.
beneath below prep.在．．．下方；在．．．之下
2beneficial advantageous a.有利的；有益的2beneficial advantageous a.
besides in addition to prep.除此之外
best most highly ad.最佳地；最高地better improve v.改善；促进
beverage drink n.饮料
beyond outside prep.在．．．之外2bias prejudice n.偏见；嗜好
2bias prejudice n.
2big large a.大的；巨大
2big populous a.
2bind tie v.捆；绑；使结合2bind join v.连接；凝聚biography accounts of people's lives n.传记
biological living a.生物的；活的birth beginning n.诞生；起源
bit somewhat n.一点；一些
bizarrely oddly ad.异乎寻常地；希奇古怪地
blaze burn brightly v.燃烧；闪耀
bleach whiten v.漂白；晒白
2bleak desolate a.凄凉的；惨淡的2bleak desolate a.
blend combine v.混合；融合
blink shut their eyes briefly v.眨眼；闪烁
blunder mistake n.错误；大错
blunt dull a.不锋利的；钝的2blurred indistinct a.模糊的；弄糊涂的2blurred indistinct a.
3boast brag n./v.夸口；自恃
3boast claim n./v.
3boast take pride in having n./v.
boat ship n.小船；小艇
boldly daringly ad.大胆地；勇敢地bond link n.结合物；粘结剂2boost raise v.提升；提高；推进2boost raise v.
bore drill v.钻孔；打眼
2bothersome irritating a.麻烦的；讨厌的2bothersome annoying a.
bottom floor n.底部；底
3bound limit n.范围；界限
3bound constraint n.
3bound held v.
boundary border n.边界；分界线
boundless infinite a.无边的；无限的brag boast n./v.夸口；吹牛
branch division n.部门；分支
brave courageous a.勇敢的；英勇的brawl fight n.吵架；喧嚷
2breach rift n.破裂；决裂；违反；破坏
2breach violation n.
break departure from n.决裂；破裂
2break apart split ad.分裂；分离
2break out begin v.爆发；突然发生2break up separate v.分裂；破碎breakdown of itemization of n.细目；分类帐2breathtaking exciting a.动人的；惊险的2breathtaking stunning a.
2breed raise v.饲养；繁殖
2breed hatch／mate v.
brevity conciseness n.简洁；精练
bricklayer mason n.砌砖工；泥瓦工brief short a.短暂的；短期的brief look glance n.瞥视；浏览
brightness radiance n.光亮；明亮
brilliantly brightly ad.鲜明地；明亮地
4bring about cause v.导致；引起；造成；带来
4bring about cause v.
4bring about introduce v.
4bring about produce v.
briskly energetically ad.轻快地
2brittle breakable a.易碎的；脆弱的
2brittle easily broken a.
broach bring up v.首次宣布；提出讨论
3broad wide a.宽的；阔的；广泛的；概括的
3broad general a.宽的；阔的；广泛的；概括的
3broad wide a.宽的；阔的；广泛的；概括的
broaden widen v.加宽；拓宽
broadly liberally ad.广义地；概括地2brochure pamphlet n.小册子；手册2brochure short pamphlet n.
bruise damage v.碰伤；擦伤
2bulk most n.大部分；大多数
2bulk majority n.
burglary theft n.夜盗；盗贼
bury embed v.埋葬；埋藏
busy in use a.忙碌的；占用的
by and large on the whole ad.整体来看；一般说来by chance accidentally ad.意外地；突然地
by virtue of because of依靠；由于
2by-product derivative n.副产品；派生物
2by-product from derivative of n.副产品；派生物byword epithet n.绰号；浑名
calculate determine v.计算；确定
2caliber quality n.才能；品质
2caliber quality n.
2call for require v.要求；需要
2call for require v.
call off cancel v.取消；放弃
calmly quietly ad.平静地；沉着地
came to the forefront became impotant
camouflage conceal v.掩饰；隐瞒
capacity ability n.能力；接受力
capital money n.资本；资金
caption title n.标题；解说词
capture catch v.捕捉；捕获
care attention n.照管；管理
2career profession n.职业；生涯
2career vocation n.
carry support v.继续；支撑；支持2carry on continue v.
2carry on conduct v.
cast project v.投射；投影
catastrophe disaster n.大灾难；大变动
categorize classify v.归类；分类
category group n.类别；范畴
caution warn v.警告；告戒
cave cavern n.山洞；洞穴
cease stop v.停止；结束
celebrate praise v.赞美；歌颂
2celebrated distinguish a.著名的；驰名的
2celebrated famous a.著名的；驰名的celebratory full of praise n.颂扬
celestial astronomical a.天空的；天上的
2cement bond v.黏结；胶合
2cement stick v.黏结；胶合census population count n.人口普查
centennial hundredth anniversary n.１００周年纪念
champion advocate n.提倡者；拥护者
chance unplanned a.偶然的；碰巧的
changeover from conversion from n.改变；交换
character nature n.品质；性格
2characteristic distinguishing feature n.特征；特色
2characteristic distinctive a.特有的；独特的characteristically typically ad.独有地；独特地
characteristics qualities n.性质，特性
charge attack v.袭击；攻击
charged with assigned to主管,掌管
chatterbox incessant talker n.话匣子；饶舌者
cheap inexpensive a.便宜的；廉价的
check control v.抑制；制止
3chiefly mainly ad.主要地；尤其
3chiefly mainly ad.主要地；尤其
3chiefly principally ad.主要地；尤其chill cool v.冷冻；冷却
choice selection n.挑选；选择
chronically persistently ad.长期地；经常地
chronicle describe v.记述
chronologically according to a time sequence ad.按时间顺序
chubby plump a.肥胖的；丰满的
circumscribe restrict v.在……周围画线；限制2cite refer to v.引证；引用
2cite mention v.
clamor for loudly demand v.喧闹；叫嚷
clasp hold v.紧握；抓住
2classify categorize v.分类；划等
2classify categorize v.
clean empty v.清扫；打扫
clear unobstructed a.畅通的；无阻的
clear away move v.清楚；搬走
climate weather condition n.气候
climax of high point in n.高峰；顶峰
2cling to hold fast to v.粘着；缠住
2cling to stick to v.
clinging close-fitting a.紧身的；贴紧的clip trim v.修剪；剪去
clog congest v.阻塞；填塞
cloth fabric n.织物；衣料
club association n.俱乐部；社团
3clue information n.线索；信息
3clue information n.线索；信息
3clue proof n.
clump bunch n.树丛；树簇
cluster group v.成群
coagulate clot v.凝结；混凝
coalition alliance n.联盟；联合
2coarse rough a.粗糙的
2coarse crude a.
2coat fur v./n.皮毛；涂盖
2coat cover v./n.
coherent logical a.有逻辑的；一致的2coin create v.创造；杜撰
2coin invent v.
coincide with collide with v.巧合；一致
coincide with happen at the same time ad.同时
3collaborate work together on v.协作；合作
3collaborate work jointly v.
3collaborate work together v.
colleague fellow worker n.同事；同僚
collective group n.集体
collectively together ad.共同地
collide with bump into v.冲撞；撞击
collision crash n.碰撞；撞击
colloquial conversational a.会话的；口语的colonize settle v.殖民；定居
colony group n.集群；群体
combat fight v.战斗；斗争
combine blend v.结合；兼有
4come down with contract v.得病
come of age establish itself v.达到法定年龄；确立自身地位
4come through be written v.完成；成功
4come to regain consciousness v.苏醒；恢复
4come up with propose v.提出；产生comic funny a.滑稽的；好笑的
command mastery n.掌握；控制
commanding forceful a.威严的；坚强的
commensurate with proportionate to a.相当的；相称的
comment remark n.评论；评注
commercial business a.商业的；商务的
commodity article of trade n.商品；日用品
commonly frequently ad.通常地；经常地
2commonplace ordinary a.平凡的；普通的
2commonplace average a.
communal cooperative a.合作的；社区的
compact compress v.压缩；压实
comparable equivalent a.可比的；相当的
comparably similarly ad.可比地；相当地
compel force v.强制；强迫
compelling forceful a.强制的；强迫的
compensate reimburse v.赔偿；补偿
competent capable a.有能力的；能胜任的competently adeptly ad.熟练地；内行地
competition rivalry n.竞争；比赛
compile gather v.搜集；汇编
2completely immediately ad.完全地；十足地
2completely entirely ad.
complex involved a.复杂的；综合的
2comply with conform to v.遵守；服从
2comply with obey v.
4component part n.成分；部分
4component element n.
4component part n.
4component parts n.
2compose focus on v.创作；创造；作曲2compose write v.
composition makeup n.构成；组成
comprehensible understandable a.能理解的
4comprise consist of v.包含；包括
4comprise constitute v.
4comprise consist of v.
4comprise make up v.
2compulsory mandatory a.强制的；义务的2compulsory mandatory a.
computation calculation n.计算；估计
compute calculate v.计算；估计
concealed covered a.隐藏着的
conceive design v.设想；构想
2concentrate cluster v.集中；积聚；贯注2concentrate focus on v.
concentration accumulation n.集中；聚集
concise brief a.简明的；扼要的concisely succinctly ad.简明地；简洁地conclusion end n.结束；结尾
conclusive definitive a.最后的
concoct devise v.制造；策划
concomitant with in conjunction with ad.协同
concrete specific a.具体的；特定的2concur agree v.赞成；一致
2concur in unite in v.赞成；一致condemnation blame n.谴责
conduct behavior n.行为；品行
confederate ally n.同盟者；同伙
2confer consult v.协商confer on award to v.授予
configuration arrangement n.结构；形状
3confine limit v.限制；局限
3confine limit v.
3confine restrict v.
2confirm uphold v.证实；确认
2confirm verify v.
2conflicting opposing a.冲突的；抵触的2conflicting incompatible a.
conform meet v.一致；符合
confound bewilder v.混淆；混乱
congenital present at birth a.先天的；天生的
2congest crowd v.拥挤；积聚
2congest overcrowd v.
conglomerate assortment n.密集体；集成物2congregate assemble v.聚集；集合
2congregate gather v.
conjectural based on guessing a.猜测的；推测的conscientiously diligently ad.谨慎地；精心地consciously intentionally ad.自觉地；有意识地consecutive successive a.连贯的；连续地2consequence result n.结果；后果
2consequence result n.
2conserve store v.保存；保护
2conserve retain v.
consider regard as v.认为；看作
5considerable large a.很重要的；很大的5considerable substantial a.
5considerable much a.
5considerable great a.
5considerable great a.
2considerably a great deal ad.相当大地；很大地2considerably very much ad.
considerate thoughtful a.体谅的；关心的consist of be made up v.由．．．组成
consistent constant a.持续的
consistently regularly ad.一致地；始终地consort associate v.结交
3conspicuous noticeable a.明显的；显著的3conspicuous obvious a.
3conspicuous noticeable a.
2constantly constantly ad.不断地；经常地2constantly continuously ad.
3constituent component n.成分；要素；选民；委托人
3constituent districts'voter n.
3constituent component n.
3constitute make up v.构成；组成3constitute make up v.
3constitute make up v.
constrain inhibit v.强制；抑制
constraint limitation n.约束；限制
constrict contract v.收缩；阻塞
consume eat v.消费；吃
consumed eaten v.吃掉
consumption eat n.消费；消耗
contaminate infect v.污染；感染
contamination pollution n.污染；沾染
4contemporary existing a.当代的；现有的4contemporary modern a.
4contemporary current a.
4contemporary written at that time n.同时代contention controversy n.争论；论战
contest competition n.比赛；竞赛
continuously without interruption ad.连续地；不断地contradictory opposing a.矛盾的；对立的contrariwise opposite ad.相反地；对立地contrary to in conflict with a.相反的；对立的contrive devise v.设计；造出
convene meet v.集合；集会
2conventional traditional a.常规的；传统的2conventional traditional a.
2convergence gathering n.聚集
3convert change v.转变；变换
3convert change v.
3convert chang v.
2convey transport v.传送；传播
2convey communicate v.
coordinate integrate v.协调；配合
copious plentiful a.丰富的；大量的cordial pleasant a.亲切的；愉快的core center n.核心；中心
correct accurate a.正确的；准确的correctly properly ad.正确地；恰当地correspondingly similarly ad.相应地；对应地corroborate confirm v.确证；证实
corrode wear(worn)away v.锈蚀；磨损
costly expensive a.昂贵的；豪华的couch express v.表达；表述
count weigh v.有价值；有分量
2count on trust v.依靠
2count on rely v.
counter overcome v.反对；驳回
counteract negate v.抵消；反作用
counterpart version n.复本；对应物
2countless innumerable a.无数的；许多的
2countless many a.
2country nation n.国家；国土
2country nation
2couple pair n.对；双
2couple with in addition to v.加上courteous polite a.有礼貌的；谦恭的coverage reportage n.新闻报道
cozy comfortable a.舒服的；舒适的
cramped confining a.狭窄的
create bring about v.引起；产生
creek stream n.小河；小川
2creep move slowly v.蠕动；爬行
2creep crawl v.
criminal gangster n.罪犯；歹徒
crisscross move back and forth v.穿梭；交错往来
critical crucial for a.关键性的；决定性的critical judge of fine arts connoisseur n.鉴赏家；评论家
cross one's mind occur to sb.v.想到；脑中闪现
crossroad central meeting place n.聚会中心地点
crucial important a.重要的
2crude roughly made a.粗制的；天然的；未加工的
2crude unprocessed a.
2cultivate grow v.栽培；耕作
2cultivate farm v.
culture civilization n.文化；文明
2cumbersome burdensome a.麻烦的；笨重的2cumbersome bulky a.
customary usual a.习惯的；惯例的cunning cleverness n.狡猾；狡诈
curative healing a.治病的；疗效的curb inhibit v.控制；约束
2curiously oddly ad.稀奇地；奇妙地
2curiously oddly ad.
2currency money n.通货；货币
2currency paper money n.
custom practice n.风俗；习惯
customer patron n.主顾；顾客
2cut reduce v.降低
2cut down reduce v.削减dam block v.筑坝；修堤
damage harm n.损害；破坏
damaging harmful a.有害的；不利的
dampen moisten v.使潮湿
dank unpleasantly humid a.潮湿的；阴湿的
daring bold a.勇敢的；大胆的
dawn beginning n.初始；开端
dazzling brilliant a.眩惑的；眼花缭乱的deadlock impasse n.僵持；僵局
2deal with cope v.处理；应付；涉及；关怀
2deal with concern v.
2debate discussion v.讨论；辩论
2debate argument v.
2decay decompose v.腐烂；变质
2decay decompose v.
2decelerate decrease the speed of v.减速；降速
2decelerate decrease the speed of v.
2deceptive misleading a.欺骗的；虚伪的2deceptive misleading a.
deceptively misleadingly ad.骗人地；虚伪地decipher decode v.破译；译解
decline refuse v.拒绝；谢绝
declivity downward slope n.斜坡；倾斜
decree order v.颁布；规定
deem regard as v.认为；相信
deep profound a.深刻的；深切的defeat conquer v.战胜；击败
2defer delay v.推迟；延期；2defer yield v.顺从；遵从definite fix a.明确的；规定的definitely clearly ad.确定地；明确地