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中国智能电网的发展状况 毕业论文外文翻译

英文翻译原文:

Discussions on Related Issues of Smart Grid Development in China ABSTRACT:

Since entering the 21st century, demand for electricity in China has been very high due to the rapid

development of economy. Meanwhile, the problems related to climate change, environmental protection and sustainable development have become increasingly noticeable. Also, requirements from electricity consumers for higher supply reliability, excellent power quality and satisfactory services have emerged. In this scenario, two main characteristics of Chinese power grids are deduced. The first one is that the grids will remain the trend of rapid development for a long period of time. The second one is that Chinese power grid must take the road of constructing strong grids. These strong grids have UHV grids as their backbones and are supported by coordinated development of grids at different voltage levels. Based on the analysis of the necessities and the basic conditions of smart grid development in China, the paper provides an in-depth understanding of the four following aspects that should be correctly dealt with: constructing strong and smart grid with Chinese characteristics, scientifically planning the temporal orders of intellectualizing transmission and distribution systems, designing the integration of information project and smart grids in advance, and ensuring the coordinated development of smart grid, power sources and users. Finally, the paper presents some suggestions on construction of Chinese smart grid. KEY WORDS:

i nformation engineering ; smart grid ;sustainable development;temporal order

Introduction

Since entering the 21st century, China’s demand for electricity has been very high due to the rapid development of its economy. At the same time, the problems related to climate change, environmental protection and sustainable development have been increasingly noticeable. As the basic industry that combines production materials with living essentials, electricity industry is inevitably drawing much attention from society, government and the public.

Meanwhile, as the largest user of primary energy resources, electricity industry cannot shirk its responsibility on lowering the emissions of greenhouse gases and attenuating its negative impacts on climate, which is particularly true for China. In 2008, China ranked the second place in the world in terms of the total emissions of greenhouse gases with its 16 cities joining the world’s top 20 most-polluted ones. Besides, the direct losses brought about by acid rains are over 100 billion yuan. So, it is an urgent mission to save energy and abate emissions and turn the society into a resource-saving and environmentally friendly one[1]. With the development of digital economy and information era, the requirements of consumers for power supply reliability, power quality and services become increasingly high. Therefore, it turns to be a social problem to accelerate the mode transition of power production, transmission, and consumption and that of electricity industry development. In this scenario, China and some European and American countries have made some efforts in solving the related problems according to their own conditions. The achievements made include application of UHV, distributed

g eneration,

a nd

p

ower electronics technology, development of electricity market, and rapid development of renewable energy sources. Impressively, from these efforts germinates and grows the concept of smart grid.

By comparing the smart grids in China with those in the US and Europe and considering the conditions of energy resources and the interior driving forces of grids in China, this paper presents the main characteristics of China’s grids, analyzes the four aspects that need much attention while constructing China’s smart grids, and reveals that only strong and smart grid can meet the requirements for building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society in China.

1 Comparisons of smart grids in China and those in US and Europe Comparisons of smart grids in China and those in US and Europe are made as follows in terms of backgrounds, goals and main characteristics. 1.1 Smart grids in US

1.1.1 Backgrounds

1 ) Major problems of grids include aging electricity infrastructure, transmission congestion, low market efficiency, poor reliability and gap between the secondary systems and digital and information technologies. 2)There are numerous electricity utilities, and various management modes. Most balances between power generation and power consumption are realized locally. Long-distance transmission is rarely performed.

3)Permissions to construct power lines are hard to get because public concerns over environmental protection are enormous and raising money is difficult on electricity market.

4)Though there is national interconnection, some problems exist in management and security due to lack of nationwide backbone networks and uniform dispatch control.

1.1.2 Goals

1)

D igitally upgrading transmission and distribution (T&D) systems, optimizing operation of T&D systems, opening market for alternative energies and offering diverse options for electricity consumers.

2)Increasing reliability, security and efficiency of power transmission and consumption with advanced technologies of information, communication and control.

3)Turning future networks into the smart grids of resilience, reliability, interactivity and self-balance.

1.1.3 Main characteristics

1 )Participation of consumers begins with distribution systems. Installing advanced metering systems for consumers is in the first phase.

2 ) Much importance is attached to demand responses and development of demand-side resources and high efficient resources. Consumers can be provided with real-time information and options.

3)Be able to realize integration of intelligent electrical apparatus and user's equipment into grids, and application of advanced energy storage systems and peak-load shaving technologies.

4 ) The grids are adaptable to distributed generation and renewable energy generation.

1.2 Smart grids in Europe

1.2.1 Backgrounds

1)Grids in European countries are interconnected, and the interoperation among them is increasingly strong.

2)The energy policies address the importance of environmental protection and development of renewable energy sources.

3)Due to the saturating electricity demands and limited development space, the final goal of energy development is distributed generation, not the expansion of the scales of grids.

4)The user-centered philosophy becomes popular and the freedom of electricity market is enlarged.

1.2.2 Goals

1)Adaptable to changes and challenges faced by future grids and accommodating various demands of consumers.

2)Guaranteeing all users to be accessible to grids and to easily obtain renewable, efficient and clean energy.

3)Making power supply reliable and secure in accordance with the requirements of digital society and information era.

4)Improving the efficiency of electricity market by innovating technologies, efficiently managing energy resources and introducing orderly competition into market.

1.2.3 Main characteristics

1)The terminal users play more active roles in power supply. Demand Side Management (DSM) becomes an indirect generation means, which highlights the users being rewarded for their participation.

2 ) The new systems will cover the whole European continent and make sure that the terminal users can access to as much resources as possible and realize high efficient power exchanges.

3)Problems concerning environmental protection can be solved with the full use of renewable energy.

1.3 Smart grids in China

1.3.1 Backgrounds

1)The grids develop rapidly with large capacity for growth in electricity demand thanks to the rapid increase in social economy.

2) Breakthroughs have been made on UHV transmission technologies, which lay the foundation for improving the grids’ capability of wide-area optimal allocation of resources.

3)Electricity occupies a small part in terminal energy consumption.

Efficiency in energy application is low, participation of users is not enough, and marketization of electricity industry should be accelerated. 4)Problems concerning grids’ accommodating capability, receiving end markets, and dispatch and operation have become prominent due to the impressively rapid development of renewable energy.

1.3.2 Goals

1)Serving the development of social economy, helping build a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society, and making power supply secure, reliable, clean, and efficient.

2 ) Serving both power sources and users, contributing to the coordinated and sustainable development of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption.

3) Enabling the optimal operation of power systems and improving the grids’capability of optimal allocation of resources to realize efficient application of social resources and maximize the benefits.

4)Implementing the “plug-and-play” integration of renewable energy generation and distributed generation with strong network structures and flexible operation modes.

1.3.3 Main characteristics

1)Based on digital substations and smart grids, the self-healing capability can be obtained via smart management and smart dispatching. 2) The interactivity will be emphasized in information exchanges and data transfer among power sources, T&D systems and users and among the dispatching centers at various levels.

3)Importance will be attached to the harmonized development between smart grid planning and planning of the backbone networks of bulk systems, and the mergence of the planning for various electricity sources.

4)Smart grid’s fusion with information construction and its leading function will be highlighted.

5)Mutual connection, unification

a nd harmonization are stressed in managerial sectors such as planning, designing, construction and operation, and in production sectors such as electricity generation, T&D and consumptions as well.

6)Emphasis will be laid on life-cycle asset management, the coordinated planning of electricity sources and grids, and the standardization and normalization for the construction of electricity sources and grids as well.

2 Necessities and basic conditions of China’s smart grids

2.1 The option of smart grids is determined by China’s basic conditions and the interior driving forces

Due to the fact that China’s energy resources are located far from load centers, the energy has to be transferred across long distances, in large capacity and with lower losses. Hopefully, the emergence of UHV transmission will provide opportunities to optimally allocate resources in a wide range and enable electricity delivery from large energy bases. But, the upgrading of voltage level is only the exterior appearance for grid development. Its interior driving forces include the flexibility of control, the high efficiency of management and the interactivity with consumers, which contribute to the formation of smart grids.

Firstly, in the process of building smart grids the employment of advanced technologies and equipment will contribute to forming a substantial platform for the stable and secure operation of grids and enhancing the strength of grids’ primary systems.

Secondly, in the process of building smart grids, the optimal operation of the system, the optimization of resources and life-cycle asset management can be materialized via utilization of advanced philosophy, enhancing professional qualities of the staff, integrating the internal

resources of the enterprises and excavating the internal potentials of the enterprises.

Thirdly, the interactive actions between utilities and consumers and the effective DSM approaches can contribute positively to shifting peak loads to filling valley loads, lowering system reserves and reducing operation costs, lifting the load ability of the grids and improving the utilization of grid investment.

2.2 Bases of constructing China’s smart grids

Some work in the fields of smart grids has been conducted in China. More specifically, the work can be categorized into three groups, namely, power generation, T&D and consumptions. The power generation group includes distributed generation, renewable energy generation, and energy-saving oriented dispatch technology and auto-generation control. The T&D group consists of UHV AC and UHVDC transmission, FACTS, digital substation technology, PMU-based WAMS, DMS, state-oriented maintenance and life-cycle asset management and so on. The power consumptions group contains custom power, auto-metering and auto-transcription and so on. Besides, most electricity companies are making themselves more digital and information-wise, which establishes a foundation for smart grid construction.

Objectively, the base of China’s smart grid is being formed, which can be proved by the following:

1)The strong grids with UHV grids as their backbones and the coordinated development of the grids at different levels are still under construction. The wide-area allocating capability of the grids needs further improvement.

2)The nation-wide unified electricity market is in its primary stage and the transaction mechanism and pricing policies are far from mature. Therefore, the basic conditions for clean energy sources, and distributed

generation to participate market competition haven’t been made. The efficiency and benefits of electricity market haven’t been fully revealed.

3)Electricity users haven’t enjoyed the benefits arising from the interaction with the grids as yet. What they can receive is the one-way passive services. The meters can only be read automatically. A lot of work needs to be done to guide electricity users’ consuming habits and their consuming demands.

4)The relevant policies or laws related to smart grids haven’t been made or issued by the government.

The government is supposed to be a leading role in constructing smart grids with great support because the work is a systematic project covering all walks of life and needs an overall arrangement in planning and development. Especially, policies encouraging users to join the effort of saving energy and mitigating greenhouse gases emission should be promulgated.

3 Constructing the smart grids with Chinese characteristics

3.1 The significance of constructing the smart grids with Chinese characteristics

As is shown in the former chapter, China’s smart grids are different with those in the US and Europe in terms of backgrounds, goals and main characteristics. It is the chosen road for China to construct the smart grids with Chinese characteristics that are suitable for the developing level of China’s electricity industry, technology and economy. The Chinese characteristics are displayed in two aspects : Aspect One: China’

s grids are still rapidly developing. In order to make the country more wealthy, its economy will expand rapidly for a long period of time in the future and so will its electricity demands. According to predictions, by the year 2010, the total installed capacity of electricity generation and the electricity consumption are expected to reach 900 GW and 4000 TWh.

By the year 2020, these figures will be 1600 GW and 7700 TWh, which are twofold of those of the year 2008.Aspect Two: China’s grids must take the road of constructing strong grids with UHV grids as their backbones and the coordinated development of the grids at different levels. The reverse distribution of energy resources and electricity demands exits in China. 76% of coal resources of the country are buried in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and northern Shaanxi. 80% of hydro resources spread in southwestern areas. The on-land wind resources are concentrated in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China. However, over 2/3 of the energy are consumed by East China and Central China where primary energy resources are scarce. So, UHV transmission can be relied on to transfer energy in large capacity and long distance with little losses. Currently and in a certain period of time, the smart grids with Chinese characteristics are the means and modes to realize the life-cycle asset management of grids, enlarge grids’ capability to serve both electricity producers and electricity users, make rational development planning strategies and optimize system operation under the conditions of continuously lowering costs, improving efficiency and benefits and enhancing the reliability and availability of the whole systems, with UHV grids as their backbones and the coordinated development of the grids at different levels and in combination of advanced information, communication and control technologies and the advanced managerial philosophy.

3.2 Four problems that should be stressed for China to construct smart grids

3.2.1 The smart grid with Chinese characteristics is both strong and smart China’s grids, as an important part in the national energy strategy and a vital link in energy sector and the important component of the national comprehensive transportation system, are in the phase of rapid

development. The country has to stick to the road of constructing large grids and UHV transmission systems because of the basic conditions of the country on energy resources. However, the requirement on the level to which the grids are smart is very high, which can be ascribed to the diversification of energy sources and electricity demands and people’s concerns about environmental protection and sustainable development. On one hand, a strong property of grid is the base of safe and reliable operation of the grid and immune to natural disasters and even attacks from outside.

And on the other hand, the introduction of advanced technology and equipment, scientific managerial philosophy enables flexible operation and controllable flows of power.

Therefore, the grid, both strong and smart, is the direction for China’s future grids. The construction and planning of China’s smart grids should be fully considered with the construction and planning of its UHV grids.

3.2.2 Scientifically planning the temporal orders of making systems smart As the US and Europe have evolved into a scarce. So, UHV transmission can be relied on to transfer energy in large capacity and long distance with little losses. Currently and in a certain period of time, the smart grids with Chinese characteristics are the means and modes to realize the life-cycle asset management of grids, enlarge grids’ capability to serve both electricity producers and electricity users, make rational development planning strategies and optimize system operation under the conditions of continuously lowering costs, improving efficiency and benefits and enhancing the reliability and availability of the whole systems, with UHV grids as their backbones and the coordinated development of the grids at different levels and in combination of advanced information, communication and control technologies and the advanced

managerial philosophy.

3.2 Four problems that should be stressed for China to construct smart grids

3.2.1 The smart grid with Chinese characteristics is both strong and smart

China’s grids, as an important part in the national energy strategy and a vital link in energy sector and the important component of the national comprehensive transportation system, are in the phase of rapid development. The country has to stick to the road of constructing large grids and UHV transmission systems because of the basic conditions of the country on energy resources. However, the requirement on the level to which the grids are smart is very high, which can be ascribed to the diversification of energy sources and electricity demands and people’s concerns about environmental protection and sustainable development. On one hand, a strong property of grid is the base of safe and reliable operation of the grid and immune to natural disasters and even attacks from outside.

And on the other hand, the introduction of advanced technology and equipment, scientific managerial philosophy enables flexible operation and controllable flows of power.

Therefore, the grid, both strong and smart, is the direction for China’

s future grids. The construction and planning of China’s smart grids should be fully considered with the construction and planning of its UHV grids.

4 Conclusion

Construction of smart grids with the Chinese characteristics is indispensable to the healthy, rapid, and sustainable development of China, and is essential for the building of a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society. Also, it

contributes to fulfilling the commitments to saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, construction of smart grids with the Chinese characteristics of smart grids with the Chinese characteristics can promote the development of industries such as information, communication, electronics and machine manufacturing. It enhances economic growth and promotes the innovation in science and technology. Power grids in China have the feature of rapid development, and they must take the road of constructing strong grids with UHV grids as their backbones. Due to the characteristics of energy resource distribution and the internal driving forces of the development, power grids in China should be both strong and smart. Only in this way can power grids support development of economy in China and promote the building of a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society

翻译:

自进入二十一世纪,中国的电力需求一直很高,由于经济的高速发展。与此同时,与气候变化相关的问题,环境保护和可持续发展已越来越明显。作为基础产业相结合的生产资料和生活的必需品,电力行业必然会更重视从社会、政府和公众做起。

与此同时,作为全球最大的用户的主要能源、电力工业不能推卸在降低温室气体的排放和衰减其负面影响气候中的责任,中国来说尤为重要。2008年,中国的温室气体排放总量与其他20个污染最严重的国家相比排在16个顶尖国家的第二位。此外,直接经济损失所带来的酸雨有超过1000亿元。因此,这是一项迫切任务节约能源和减弱排放,把社会向资源节约和环境友好的一个。数字经济的发展和信息时代,消费者的要求对供电可靠性、电能质量和服务越来越高。因此,它会变成一个社会问题,加快模式过渡电力生产、传播和消费和电力工业的发展。在这种情况下,中国和一些欧洲和美国国家做出了一些努力解决相关问题根据自己的条件。取得的成就包括特高压电网的应用,分布式发电、电力电子技术、电力市场的发展,快速发展可再生能源。令人印象深刻的,从这些努力上升和生长的概念中

我们发现了智能电网。

通过比较智能输电网,美国和欧洲,并考虑到条件的能源资源和企业内部驱动力输电网在中国,本文提出了其主要特色的中国输电网,分析四个方面需要注意在构建中国智能电网,并表明,只有稳定和智能输电网可以满足要求,为建设一个资源节约型、环境友好型社会。

1比较中国、美国和欧洲的智能输电网

比较中国、美国和欧洲的智能输电网是由如下方面的背景、目标及主要特点。1.1美国的智能电网

1.1.1背景

1)存在的主要问题包括电力基础设施网格老化、输电阻塞,降低市场效率、可靠性差和二次系统间的差距和数字和信息技术。

2)有许多电力设施,以及各种管理模式。大多数制衡发电和功耗实现局部。很少进行远距离传输。

3)许可构建电力线路难以得到因为关注环境保护是巨大的,募集资金在电力市场是困难的。

4)尽管有国家互连,还存在一些问题和安全管理由于缺乏全国性的骨干网络和统一调度控制。

1.1.2目标

1)数字化改造输配电系统,优化运行的系统、开放市场和提供多样化的选择替代能源对电力消费者。

2)增加可靠性、安全性和效率的电力传输和消费与先进技术信息、通讯和控制。

3)转向未来网络引入到智能电网的韧性、可靠性、互动性和自我平衡。

1.1.3主要特点

1)参与的消费者从配电系统。安装先进的计量系统为消费者在第一阶段。

2)重视附属于需求的对策及发展资源和高效的资源。消费者可以提供实时信息和期权。

3)能够实现集成的智能电器和用户的设备输电网,应用先进的储能系统和高峰负荷削弱技术。

4)适应输电网分布式发电能源和可再生能源。

1.2 欧洲的智能电网

1.2.1 背景

1)输电网在欧洲国家都是相互之间的互操作,联系是越来越紧密。

2)能源政策解决环境保护的重要性和发展可再生能源。

(3)由于电力需求与有限的饱和的发展空间,能源开发的最终目的是分布式发电,而不是扩大规模的输电网。

(4)以用户为中心的理念成为受欢迎的和更自由的电力市场的扩大。

1.2.2目标

1)适应变化和所面临的挑战的未来网格和相容的各种需求的消费者。

2)保证所有用户访问网格和容易获得再生、高效、清洁的能源。

3)使供电可靠性和安全性的要求,依法数字社会和信息时代。

4)电力市场效率的提高,创新技术,有效地节约能源和引入市场竞争有序。

1.2.3主要特点

1)终端用户方面发挥更加积极主动的角色在电源供应器。需求侧管理(DSM)成为一个间接产生方式,突显出用户正在奖赏他们的参与。

2)新系统将覆盖整个欧洲大陆并确保终端用户可以访问尽可能多的资源,实现高效的电力交流。

3)问题可以解决有关环境保护和充分利用可再生能源。

1.3中国的智能电网

1.3.1背景

1)由于社会经济的增长输电网与大容量发展迅速增长的电力需求的迅速增加。

2)突破在特高压输电技术,奠定了基础,提高了输电网的能力的优化配置资源的区域。

3)电能占小部分终端能源消耗。能源应用效率低、参与的用户是不够的,电力行业的市场化应加快。

4)有关输电网能力的问题,适应网格接收终端市场,并派遣经营已成为突出由于赫然迅速发展的可再生能源。

1.3.2目标

1)服务于社会经济的发展,帮助建立一个资源节约型、环境友好型社会,使供电安

全、可靠、清洁、高效的。

2)为功率源和用户,导致的协调发展和可持续发展发电、传输、分配和消费。

3)使电力系统优化运行和提高网格的优化配置资源的能力,实现高效应用社会资源,获得最大的好处。

4)实施“即插即用”整合可再生能源和分布式发电强大的网络结构和灵活的运作模式。

1.3.3主要特点

1)提出了一种基于数字变电站和智能输电网,可得到的自愈性能通过智能管理和智能调度。

2)将被强调的互动性信息交流和数据传输在能源、系统和用户之间的各级配送中心。

3)电力系统的重要性将被纳入智能电网规划之间的协调发展和设计、散装的骨干网络系统,并融合的规划为各种各样的电力来源。

4)智能电网的融合与信息化施工及其主要功能将突出。

5)相互联系、协调统一,强调管理行业规划、设计、施工和运营,在生产部门如发电、和消费等。

6)重点会放在生命周期资产管理、协调规划的电力来源和网格、标准化、规范化建设的电力来源和网格一样。

2智能电网在中国的必要性及基本条件

2.1选择智能电网的道路,是由中国的基本路线和内部动力

由于这样的事实,即中国能源资源位于远离负荷中心,能源必须被转移在很长的距离,在大容量、低损失。希望的出现,将会提供机会给特高压输电最优分配资源,涉及面广,使电流从大型能源基地交货。但是,电压等级的提高仅仅是外部形态对电网的发展。它的内部驱动力包括灵活的控制、高效率的管理和与消费者的互动,这有助于形成智能电网。

首先,构建过程中的智能电网就业先进技术和设备,将有助于形成一个实质性的平台稳定、安全运行的网格和提高强度的网格的主要系统。

其次,在智能电网建设过程中,系统的优化运行、优化资源、生命周期资产管理可以实现通过利用先进理念,加强专业人员素质,整合内部资源的企业、挖掘内部潜

力的企业。

第三,公用事业和消费者之间的互动行为及有效的方法可以促进电力需求方管理积极转变峰填谷载荷负载,降低系统储量和降低运行成本、提升的承载能力和提高网格利用电网投资。

2.2我国智能电网基地的构建

一些工作领域的智能电网已经在中国进行。更确切地说,工作可以被分为三组,即、发电、和消耗。发电集团包括分布式发电,可再生能源、节能技术和auto-generation导向的调度控制。这个小组由特高压交流和特高压直流输电、事实、数字化变电站的技术的维护和生命周期资产管理等。电力消耗量组包含用户电力,自动测量和自动转换等等。此外,大多数电力公司都让自己有更多的数字电视,设立智能电网建设的基础。

从客观上说,基地的智能电网正在形成,它能经受如下:

1)强烈的网格和特高压电网作为他们的脊椎和协调发展的各级电网还正在建设之中,广域电网配置能力也有待改善。

2)全国统一的电力市场的初级阶段,交易机制和定价政策还不够成熟。因此,对清洁能源的基本情况,并参与市场竞争的分布式发电还没。效益和效率的电力市场还没有被充分显示了。

3)电力用户没有享受福利所产生的互动与网格迄今为止。他们能得到什么是单向的被动服务。仪表只能自动读取。很多工作需要做,以指导电力用户的消费习惯和消费需求。

4)有关政策或法律相关聪明网格没有制造或由政府发行。

政府应该是要成为一个主角在构建智能网格以极大的支持,因为这项工作是一项系统工程涵盖各行各业的需要一个布局的规划和发展。特别是,政策鼓励用户加入的努力节约能源和减少温室气体排放应该颁布。

3构建有中国特色的智能电网

3.1建设有中国特色的智能电网的意义

显示前一章,中国智能电网不同与美国和欧洲方面的背景、目标及主要特点。这是选择的道路对中国构建有中国特色的智能网格适合发展水平的中国电力工业、技术和经济。汉语的特点是表现在两个方面:方面:中国的网格仍然迅速发展。为

了使国家更富裕,它的经济会增长迅速的很长一段时期,在未来,所以将其电力需求。据预测,到2010年,总装机容量发电和电力消费预计达900兆瓦,4000 TWh。到2020年,这些数据将被1600兆瓦,7700 TWh,这是双重的2008年。两个方面:中国的网格必须采取公路建设强大的网格与特高压电网作为他们的脊椎和协调发展的各级网格。逆向分布的能源和电力需求出口中国。76%的煤炭资源的国家都埋在山西、内蒙古、陕西北部。80%的水能资源在西南地区传播。on-land的风力资源都集中在华北、东北、西北。然而,超过2/3的能量所消耗的华东、华中初级能源资源稀缺的地方。所以,特高压输电可以依赖转移能量在大容量、远距离和小的损失。目前,在一定的期限内,聪明的网格具有中国特色的手段和方式,实现了产品全生命周期的资产管理网格,网格服务的能力扩大的两个电力生产和电力用户、制定合理的发展规划策略和优化系统操作的情况下,不断降低成本、提高效率和效益,提高可靠性和有效性的整个系统,特高压电网作为他们的脊椎和协调发展的各级网格,结合先进的信息、通讯和控制技术和先进的管理理念。

3.2应该强调中国建设智能电网的四个问题

3.2.1具有中国特色的智能电网

中国的输电网,作为一个重要组成部分,在国家能源战略的重要一环,能源行业的重要组成部分,国家综合运输体系中,在快速发展的阶段。这个国家坚持道路建设的大型网格和特高压输电系统的基本条件,因为这个国家在能源资源。然而,要求哪一级电网智能是非常高的,能被多样化的能源和电力需求和人民关注环境保护和可持续发展。

一方面,一个强大的特性的输电网为基础的安全可靠运行的电网和免疫自然灾害,甚至从外部攻击。

另一方面,引进先进技术和设备,科学的管理理念使运行灵活、控制流程的能力。因此,智能电网是中国未来输电网的方向。中国的建设与规划的智能电网要充分考虑与建设和规划的特高压电网。

3.2.2合理规划时间的订单使系统智能

随着美国和欧洲已经进化成一个稀缺。所以,特高压输电可以依赖转移能量在大容量、远距离和小的损失。目前,在一定的期限内,智能电网具有中国特色的手段和方式,实现了产品全生命周期的资产管理输电网,输电网服务的能力扩大的两

个电力生产和电力用户、制定合理的发展规划策略和优化系统操作的情况下,不断降低成本、提高效率和效益,提高可靠性和有效性的整个系统,特高压电网作为他们的脊椎和协调发展的各级输电网,结合先进的信息、通讯和控制技术和先进的管理理念。

3.2.3应该强调中国建设智能电网的四个问题

中国的网格,作为一个重要组成部分,在国家能源战略的重要一环,能源行业的重要组成部分,国家综合运输体系中,在快速发展的阶段。这个国家坚持道路建设的大型网格和特高压输电系统的基本条件,因为这个国家在能源资源。然而,要求哪一级电网智能是非常高的,能被多样化的能源和电力需求和人民关注环境保护和可持续发展。

4结论

智能电网建设有中国特色是必不可缺的健康、快速、可持续发展的,是至关重要的建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。同时,它有利于实现承诺节约能源和减少温室效应气体的排放。与此同时,智能电网建设有中国特色的智能电网可以促进有中国特色产业发展信息、通讯、电子和机械制造。它提高了经济增长、促进科技创新。在中国电网特点的迅猛发展,他们必须采取公路建设强大的网格与特高压电网作为他们的脊椎。由于能源资源分布的特点和内在驱动力的发展,电网在中国既要坚强和聪明。只有这样,我们才能电网支持中国经济发展,推动建设一个资源节约型、环境友好型社会。

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