2014高考英语文章阅读类：2013暑假练习题（20）及答案解析
A
It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.
In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear anim als and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.
Garment color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they react ed angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively to ward the red clothing.
The researchers bel ieve that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.
41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is t rue about Kamba and Maasai
people?
A. Maasai people are a threat to elephants.
B. Kamba people raise elephants for farming.
C. Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.
D. Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.
42. How did the elephants react to smell in the stud y?
A. They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.
B. They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.
C. They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented clothing.
D. They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies.
43. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.
B. Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.
C. Scientists are now able to control elephants’ emotions.
D. Some Kenyan tribes understand eleph ants’ emotions very well.
参考答案41~43、ADA
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B
The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is probably why there are more myths(神话，想象) about it than any of the other illnesses.
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold．They are not．They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person．You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one．If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not．And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected(感染的) people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time．After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be doused(浸入) with cold water, and then stood about dripping（滴干）wet in drafty（通风的）rooms．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion．Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose．
If cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? In spite of the most painstaking research, no one has yet found the answer．One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on． No one has yet found a cure for the cold．There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms．
44．The fact that the Eskimos don’t suffer colds shows that.
A．colds are really full of myths
B．viruses are the factors causing colds
C．colds are more severe than other illnesses
D．the idea that cold leads to colds doesn’t stand up
45．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 3 made it clear that .
A．being doused with cold water did harm to one’s body
B．taking hot baths made the volunteers easy to be tired
C．it was viruses not wet and cold that made people have colds
D．people who would like to exercise in the rain got colds more easily
46．According to the passage, colds are commonly seen in winter because .
A．there is great difference between indoor and outdoor temperature
B．viruses can go into people’s warm bodies more easily in winter
C．staying together indoors makes it easier for viruses to pass on
D．people are usually weak because of the extreme cold in winter
47．What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The reason and the way people catch colds.
B．The continued spread of colds.
C．The experiments on colds.
D．The myths about colds.
参考答案
44—47、DCCA
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第二节：书面表达（满分30分）
根据下面的漫画，联系生活实际，写一篇120—150词左右的英语短文。
参考答案及评分标准
第二节（30分）
Possible version：
In the cartoon，the man enjoys being clever and wishes to do a great job．However，regretfully，he is firmly fastened to his original posi tion by the nature of laziness and certainly achieves nothing．
In fact，you Can see many such examples in life．Just as the old saying goes，diligence leads to success while laziness results in failure．Every task requires hard work，from learning English
to building a house．Some of my classmates ale definitely clever，and they have a strong desire
to go to a famous university，but unfortunately，they ate wasting time talking Or playing．And consequently，they end in failure．
Therefore，in my opinion，diligence plays a very important role in life．Only by working
hard and practicing a lot、are we able to overcome difficulties and achieve our goals．No one can succeed just by thinking without any actions．
书面表达评分原则
1. 本题总分为30分，按5档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于100，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可授受。
6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
各档次的给分范围和要求
（
·应用
·有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
第II卷非选择题部分（共40分）
第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）(原创)
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
下面短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
The students of class 3 had a discussion about if it is necessary to start learning English
from childhood. Some of them think that English learning should start childhood .As little
boys and girls had a good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by the heart .This will
help them laid a solid foundation for their future English learning. But other do not agree.
Young child have to learn Chinese pinyin at school . If they study Chinese pinyin and English at
the same time , it will be very easily for them to mix it up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning. In short, the students have not arrived in any agreement yet.
第二节：书面表达（满分30分）
（选自2005年重庆卷）
毕业前夕，你班决定给李老师送一份礼物，大家提出两条建议：
(1)送影集(album)，里面有每个同学的照片；
(2)送磁带，录有每个同学对老师的祝福。
请以An Album or a Tape 为题，用英语写一篇短文。首先简述以上两条建议，然后表明你同意其中哪一条，并说明理由。
1.短文必须以第一人称书写。
2. 词数：100词左右。
——————————————————————————
参考答案及评分标准
第II卷
第二节：书面表达（30分）
One possible version:
We are leaving school and we decide to give a gift to Mr Li who has t aught us for three years. Two suggestions have been provided by our classmates. On e is that we may give him an album with photos of all the students in our class. The other suggestion is that a tape in which our best wishes are recorded should be given to him.
In my opinion, we had better buy a album for Mr Li. First, an album is easier to be kept than a tape. A tape may be easily destroyed a few years later and does not work. Second, I think, the photos in the album can easily remind Mr Li of his lovely students and the good days when he g ot together with us. Third, voice may be changed a lot after many years as to us young students, while faces do not have such great changes. In a word, I suggest .we take photos in time and present them in the album to Mr Li.
1.本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于80和多于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差，以至影响内容，将分数降低一个档次。
7.内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】[来源:https://www.doczj.com/doc/933019272.html,]
第五档(很好)：（25-30分）1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(好)：（19-24分）1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(适当)：（13-18分）1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档(较差)：(7-12分）1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(差)：（1-6分）1.未完成试题规定的任务。2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。6.信息未能传达给读者。[来源学。科。网]