第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles
The Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of
the road for the technology，analysts say．
General Motors。and Honda’ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．
Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．
“The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environmen t transport for the mass market．”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．“We feel we have given electric our best shot”
The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors’EVI electric vehicle also h ad a limited range。of about 100 miles．The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives．An electric Toyot~RAV4 EV vehicle costs over$42，000 in the US, compared with just $17，000 for the petrol version．Toy ota and Nissan…are now the only major automanufacturers to produce electric vehicles．
“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance．Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program“，and that is what we will be judging them on，”Roger Higman，a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth，told the Environment News Service．
Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well．Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol—only engines , and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines “on vehicle emissions” in the U.S.
However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit．In June，General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction，delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car—makers to offer 100，000 zero-emission and other low—emission vehicles in the state by 2003．Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low--emission，rather than zero—emission，vehicles．1．What have the Ford motor company．General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars?
A)They have started to produce electric cars．
B)They have done extensive research on electric Cars
C They have given up producing electric cars．
D)They have produced thousands of electric Cars
2．According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe，battery-powered cars
A)will be the main transportation vehicles in the future
B) will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future．
C)will be good to the environment in the future
D)will replace petrol—powered vehicles in the future．
3. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?
A)Toyota and NissanB)General Motor’s and Honda
C)Ford and ToyotaD)Honda and Toyota
4．According to the eighth paragraph，hybrid cars
A)offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars
B)run faster than petrol driven cars
C)run more miles than petrol driven cars
D)offer more batteries than petrol driven cars
5．Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the
last paragraph?
A)Low-emission cars should be banned．
B)Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways．
C)The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars．
D)The legislation will allow more 10w．emission to be produced
「答案解析」 1.C 第一段第一个句子告诉我们福特汽车公司放弃了电动汽车，第二段说通用汽车公司和本田汽车公司停止生产电动汽车。
2.B 第四段第一个句子是Tim Holmes对电动汽车未来的评价，他认为未来的交通运
输的大众市场不可能是电动汽车。
3.A 答案的依据是第六段最后一句。
4.C 答案的依据是倒数第二段第二句。
5.D 答案的依据是文章的最后一句：the legislation will be written to allow for low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
第一篇福特放弃电动汽车
分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。
通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于 1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而
开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。福特宣布它现在也要做同样的
尝试。
3年前，福特推出名为 Think City的双排座汽车和 Think或 Think Neighbor系列高尔
夫车，希望能销售 5000辆汽车、 10000高尔夫车。但由于需求不足，截至 2002年仅生
产了大约 1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足 1700辆。
“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的 Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。”
Think City系列的运行里程仅 53英里，电池充电需 6小时。通用公司的 EVI电力车
也仅能运行 100英里。
昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。日本丰田产的 RAV4EV 系列电动车在美国的售价达 42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售 17000美元。丰田
和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。
“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。”Roger Higman，英国 Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级
交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。
日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。混合动力
车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于
达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。
不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱
斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。制造商希望修改此法令，允许他
们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。
第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peaka Decade Earlier Than Some Predict
In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scientists in Kuwait predict that
world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014. This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictions．Their study is in ACS’ Energy＆Fuels1．
Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting "peak oil"．"Peak oil "is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3. A related concept is that4 of "Peak Oil." The term "Peal Oil" indicates the moment in which world wide production Will peak, afterwards to start on irreversible decline．
The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970. The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast
oil production worldwide．
However, recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries．Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes, politics, and other factors, the scientists say.
The new study describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accurate oil production forecast．Using the new model, the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries, which supply most of the world’s conventional crude oil6．They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014, years earlier than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the world's oil reserves7 are
being reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate, they suggest.
词汇：Conserve v．保护，保存
crude oil原油spark v．闪耀；激发；鼓舞curve n．曲线
irreversible adj．不可逆的，不可改变的insufficient adj.充分的，不足的
注释：1．ACS' Energy & Fuels：ACS是American Chemical Society(美国化学学会)的缩写。该学会成立于l876年，现已成为世界最大的科技协会。多年来，ACS一直致力于为
全球化学研究机构、企业及个人提供高品质的文献资讯及服务。ACS出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多的化学期刊，Energy＆Fuels即是其中一本。2．the Hubbert model：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家M．King Hubbert于1956年创建的，这是一个随时间增长的模型，Hubbert将其引入油气田开发，经推导使其成为一个可以预
测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。
3．a bell shaped curve：钟形曲线4．that of peak oil：that指代concept。
5．account for：说明，解释6．conventional crude oil：常规原油
7．oil reserves：石油储量。通常使用复数形式reserves。
练习：1．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked" appearing in paragraph 2?
A．flashedB．stimulatedC．changedD．ended
2．The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production will
A．take the shape of a flat curve．B．keep growing．
C．keep declining．D．start to decline after global oil production peaks．
3．Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?
A．It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U．S．in l 970．
B．It has been used to predict oil production in many countries．
C．It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries．
D．It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production．
4．What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph? A．It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014．
B．It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries．
C．It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model．
D．It discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production．
5．Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?
A．American scientists．B．Kuwaiti scientists．
C．British scientists．D．Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries．
答案与题解：1．B spark一词做及物动词使用时有"发动"、"激发"的意思，在此意为stimulated，即"引发"，这个句子的意思是：全球石油消费的快速增长已引发了对"石油峰值"预测的兴趣。
2．D此句接下来的句子中所提到的a related concept即是与a bell shaped curve相关的
概念，也就是说，接下来的这个句子对a bell shaped curve做了解释，即世界石油生产达
到最大峰值后将下降。
3．D 文章的第三段告诉我们，Hubbert预测模型精确地预测到美国石油生产于1970年将
达到峰值。这一模型自受到公认后，已用于预测世界石油生产。第四段说，这一模型对于
某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期而言，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和其他因素的很大影响。所以，A、B和C都是对Hubbert模型的正确说明。
4．A选项8、C和D所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们，科学家使用新的模型评估了47个主要的产油国家的石油生产趋势，并预计全球常规原油生产到2014年将达
最高峰值。所以，A是答案。5．B 短文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。
第二篇世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值
科威特科学家预测世界常规原油产量将在2014年达到峰值，这一发现可能会促进储
存石油的努力。这一预测比其他预测提前了将近十年，已经发表在美国化学学会《能量与
燃料》杂志上。
伊布赫姆·纳夏威和同事们指出，全球石油消耗的快速增长使人们对“石油峰值”预
测的兴趣越来越浓。“石油峰值”指的是石油产量达到最大值后开始下降的时间点。科学家
已经构建了几个模型来预测这一时间，有些模型认为这一时间在2020年或更晚。其中最
著名的预测模型之一是赫伯特模型。赫伯特模型认为世界石油产量呈钟形曲线，与此相关的概念是“石油峰值”。这一术语指的是世界石油产量达到峰值的那一刻，之后将呈现无法逆转的下降趋势。
赫伯特模型精确地预测到美国石油产量于1970年达到峰值。这一模型从此受到欢迎，已经用于预测世界石油生产。
但是，最近研究表明，这一模型不足以解释某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期。科学家称，这些生产周期受到技术变化、政策和其他因素的很大影响。
最近研究描述了赫伯特模型的新版本，提供了更加实际、更加准确的石油生产预测。科学家使用新模型评估了47个主要产油国家的石油生产趋势，这 47个国家是世界常规原油的主要提供者。科学家预计全球常规原油产量将于2014年达到峰值，比之前预计的要早很多年。科学家还指出，世界石油储量正在以 2.1%的速度逐年减少，他们认为新
模型会帮助做出与能源相关的决定，帮助进行国家政策辩论。
第三篇：Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1events — flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring — all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. — and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it3in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology” is what scientists call the st udy of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project — which is open to everyone — record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.
“People don't have to be plant experts — they just have to look around and see
wh at's in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities5of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”
词汇：frog / fr?g/ n．蛙ecologist / ,i:’k?l?d??st/ n．生态学家
bud / b?d / v．发芽，萌芽；n．芽，花蕾database / ’de?t?be?s / n．数据库
professional / pr?(?)’fe??n?l/ adj．专业的，职业的；n．职业选手，专业人员
phenology / f?’n?l?d?? / n．物候学neighbor（u）rhood n．近邻；邻近地区
注释：1．life cycle：生命周期，即生物发展过程的系列变化。
2．hyper-local beat：beat在此做名词用，意思是：某类新闻报道，如a business beat：商业专题报道。这是近年来出现的新词。hyper-local beat即hyper-local news，指的是被传统新闻报道方式所忽略的小型社区或居民居住区里发生的相关信息报道。在美国由此而诞生了hyper- local news websites，专门对主流媒体没有覆盖的地区所发生的事件进行报道，其形式多以网民，即短文中所提及的citizen journalists，上传所在社区发生的事件报道、照片或视频为主。这是网络时代产生的又一种新生事物。
3．data是复数形式，但常用作单数，所以这里的代词是it。另参见最后一段：“As we collect this data…”这里的data也用作单数。
4．phenology：物候学或生物气候学，是气候学和生态学的边缘学科，主要研究气候环境对生物的影响。
5．communities ：生态学词汇：生物群落，即在比较相似的环境条件下在特定自然区域或环境中生活和相互影响的一群植物和动物。
练习：
1．Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them
A to provide their personal life cycles.
B to observe the life cycle of plants.
C to collect data of the life cycle of living things.
D to teach children knowledge about climate change.
2．What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B To send their research observations to a professional database.
C To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D To keep a record of their research observations.
3．In “All that's needed to become one ... （paragraph2）”, what does the word "one" stands for?
A A citizen journalist.
B A citizen scientist.
C A scientist.
D A citizen.
4．What is NOT true of Project Bud Burst?
A Only experts can participate in it.
B Everybody can participate in it.
C It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.
D It has its own website.
5．What is the final purpose of Project Bud Burst?
A To study when plants will have their first buds.
B To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.
C To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.
D To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes
答案与题解：1．C第一段和第二段第一句告诉我们，要在世界范围观察气候对大
自然中生物的生命周期的影响，数量有限的科学家不可能足迹遍及天下，为此科学家求助
于普通公民的参与。所以C是正确选择。
2．B第二段第三句中encourage ordinary people to observe · · ·的主语是The citizen scientist movement,即公民参与科学观察的运动。所以D不是正确选择。A和C不
符合文章的句意，因此也不是正确的选择。这个句子的大意是：这一运动鼓励普通公民根
据自己的兴趣爱好进行科学观察，并将观察结果送交数据库，让专门领域的科学家作进一
步的观察。B正确表达了这个意思。
3．B one在这里是一个代词，其前置词是citizen scientists,而不是citizen journalists,这里的one指的是one of citizen scientists。所以，A、C和D都不是正确选择。这个句子的意思是，只要每天或每星期花上几分钟收集数据并发送出去，就能成为一个公
民科学家。
4．A文章最后一段说，这个计划向所有的人开放（open to everyone）,所以应选择A。B、C、D所述内容都在该段中提到。
5．D C表述的内容是Project BudBurst所要做的工作，但其最终目的不仅仅是收集数据，而是研究气候变化对生物生命周期的影响。因此，D才是正确选择。
第三篇公民科学家
理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所
以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。
气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。因为在世界上有如此多的地方，没有足够的科学家来观
察它们。所以他们请求你来帮助观察全世界气候变化的迹象。公民科学家运动鼓励普通人
根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方面——鸟儿、树木、花卉等等一一并把他们的观察
结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。这有助于数量有限的科学家得到如果
只靠他们自己根本收集不到的巨大数据。就像公民记者帮助报道传统新闻报道方式所忽略
的小型社区
的相关信息一样，公民科学家也对他们所居住的环境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留
出儿分钟来搜集数据并发送过来。
一群科学家和教育家在去年发起了一个叫做纽约国家物候学的组织。“物候学”就是科学家
们所说的在自然中研究每个事件的时间。
其中一个小组的首要尝试就是依靠科学家和非科学家来收集关于每年植物开花和长叶子的
数据。这一项目叫做花季追踪计划，它收集遍布美国的各种各样的植物生长周期的数据。
参与这一项目的人们一一这一计划对所有人开放——把他们的观察记录登录在花季追踪计
划网站上。
“人们不需要是植物学家——他们仅仅需要环视四周看看周围有什么。”Jennifer Schwarts 说，她是这项计划的教育顾问。“通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会有怎样的影响。
第四篇：Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels一though some electric vehicle and biofuel1research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area2of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants3. They can ensure you don’t miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn’t distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot4obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided5vehicles blocking your view6.
And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape7.
And alternatives to fossil-fuel8based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells9based on hydrogen bum cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications10, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play11if you crash, automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone’s personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.
词汇：distract / d?’str?kt/ v．使……分心，使……分散注意力
hydrogen / ’ha?dr?d??n/ n．氢radar / ’re?dɑ:r / n．雷达
innovation / ’?n?(?)’ve???n/ n．革新，创新pedal / ’pedl / n．制动踏板
interplay / ’?ntz?ple?t / n．相互影响;相互作用fossil-fuel n．矿物燃料
chauffeur / ’???f?(r), ???’f?:(r)/ n．（受雇于私人的）汽车司机
注释：1．biofuel：生物燃料。bio-用于名词或形容词前,表示“生命”或“生物”。
2．cutting edge area：最先进的领域。edge: an advantage（优势）
3．in-car assistants：车内辅助设施4．spot：在此作动词用，意思是“看见”。
5．high-sided：髙大的;其反义词为low-sided：矮小的。
6．blocking your view：挡住你的视线
7．The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape：人们发现车的颜色与安全有关，令人不感到惊讶的是，车的大小和形状也与安全有关。as have, less surprisingly, size and shape可以理解为as, less surprisingly, size and shape have been linked with safety 。
8．fossil fuel：指煤、石油、天然气等矿物燃料。
9．fuel cell：燃料电池
10．satellite tracking and remote communications ：卫星跟踪和远程通信
11．come into play：起作用
练习：
1．What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?
A They are developing faster electric vehicles.
B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.
C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.
D They are designing fully automatic cars.
2．According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen
A because drivers fall asleep.
B because drivers make mistakes.
C because of engine failure
D because of speeding.
3．Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.
B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.
C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.
D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.
4．What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications?
A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
B To call for help when one’s car crashes.
C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
D To track the car down when it is being stolen.
5．What is true of robotic drivers?
A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.
B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.
C Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.
D Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.
1．C文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上
5 000万起伤残事故，因此，正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管
一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。所以，C是正确选项。
2．B第二段最后一句说，大多数汽车撞车事故是人为原因造成的，而不是机械故障
的原因。所以C是错误选项；A和D中的fall asleep和speeding是人为原因，但只是部
分人为因素，不能概全。
3．D文章中没有提到windscreens（汽车挡风玻璃），所以D是正确选项。其他几
项均在文中提到。
4．C根据第六段内容，使用卫星跟踪和遥控通信方面的革新，其目的是防盗（A和D）和发生事故时求援（B）。C的内容在文中没有被提到，所以是正确选项。
5．A文章最后一段说，为机器人司机编制程序后，它们就能使交通变得通畅，也许
今后某一天，大家都拥有机器人司机，但是，这一天的到来还有待时日。B、C、D的内容
在文中均没有提到；A句说，要实际使用机器人司机还需时日，这显然与末段最后一句表
达的意思相吻合。
每年，全世界有120万起路面交通死亡事故，以及五千万起路面交通伤残事故。为降低车祸发生率，现在有很多研究将注意力放在行车安全和开发新型燃料上。而有些关于电
动机车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。
高速驾驶一向是很危险的。一项在机动车安全前沿领域的研究是有关车内数字化辅助设施的。这些设施会确保司机们不会错过重要的路况指示牌或在开车时睡着。通过运用人工智
能软件，这些辅助设施可监控行车过程并确保在关键时刻司机不会被手机或广播干扰注意力。许多车祸是由人为原因造成的而非机械故障。
一些行车安全方面的改进力图改善司机的视野。雷达可对雾中的障碍物定位，而其他的科
技手段可透过阻碍你视线的高大车辆看到前方。
对安全带、刹车板控制和车胎的改进也使行车过程变得更顺畅、安全。人们发现车的颜色
与安全有关，令人不会感到惊讶的是，车的大小和形状也与安全有关。
从矿物燃料中提取的汽油的替代物，例如植物油，也是研究中的一个热门区域。取材于氢
气的燃料电池燃烧时无污染，并已成为一项重要研究的攻克对象。
但不管燃料箱中盛为何物，你可不想在驾驶座上坐的是一个窃贼。对此，也有很多创新来
打击汽车盗窃，其中一些运用了卫星跟踪和远程通讯。当发生车祸时，这些通讯系统也可
起作用，自动地呼叫帮助。
交通事故可引发许多交通堵塞。但在一畅通却繁忙的路段上，汽车间也有很多的细微互动，从而导致可能的阻塞。此类阻塞可用数据统计工具来进行分析。被编程的机器人可使交通
流动更顺畅，并有朝一日有望成为每个人的私家司机。但最新成果表明这种设想并非短期
内可以实现
第七篇：Late-night Drinking
Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee1late in the day will play havoc with2your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.3“It’s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,”Says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California.
But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated c offee halves the body’s levels of
this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off4— twice as long as usual _ and jigged around5in bed twice as much. .
In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest6that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch,
词汇： beware /b?'we?/ vi.当心；小心stimulant/'st?mj?l(?)nt/ n.兴奋剂
caffeine/'k?fi?n/ n.咖啡因melatonin/,mel?'t??n?n/ n.褪黑激素
hormone/'h??m??n/ n.荷尔蒙,激素
neurohormone /,n?ro'h?rmon; ,nj?ro'h?rmon/ n,神经激素
caffeinated /'k?fi?neitid/ adj.含咖啡因的;加入咖啡因的
halve /hɑ?v/ vt. 二等分;减半decaf/'di?k?f/ n.脱咖啡因咖啡
urine /'j??r?n; -ra?n/ n.尿enzyme /'enza?m/ n. 酶
1. have a quick “pick-me-up”cup of coffee:喝一杯快速提神的咖啡。pick-me-up 意
为“提神饮料’这里用作定语。
2. play havoc with:干扰;对……造成严重破坏。例如:The noise of engines can
play terrible havoc with a driver’s nerves.发动机的嘈杂声能严重扰乱驾驶员的神经。
3. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again褪黑激素的
浓度在凌晨2点和4点之间达到最高值,然后再次下降。before在此处可以译为“然后”。
4. drop off:睡着。例如:He dropped off in the armchair.他在扶手椅上睡着了。
5. jig around:辗转反侧。jig:急蹦蹦跳跳。例如:Stop jigging about, Billy, and
just stand still for a moment.别到处乱蹦,比利,稳稳地站一会儿。
6. suggest:在这里不作“建议”解,它的意思是“间接地表明；暗示”。例如:I’m not
suggesting that the accident was your fault.我并不是说那事故是你的错。
练习：1. The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that
A. melatonin levels need to be raised.
B. neurohormone can wake us up.
C. coffee is a stimulant.
D. decaf is a caffeinated coffee.
2. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?
A. Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.
B. Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.
C. Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.
D. Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?
A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.
B. Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.
C. The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.
D. The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
4. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?
A. There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers’ urine sample.
B. There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers’ urine sample.
C. Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.
D. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.
5. The author of this passage probably agrees that
A. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.
B. we should not drink coffee after supper.
C. people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.
D. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.
1. C pick-me-up指提神饮料,也就是一种刺激物,这篇文章里具体指咖啡。所以,答案应选C。
2. C第二段的第三个句子谈道,“控制我们睡眠的是神经激素”，而这一段的最后
一个句子告诉我们“含咖啡因咖啡能使这种睡眠激素减半”。这正是咖啡因影响睡眠的原理。
3. A第三段涉及的是一个实验,这个实验的目的盛测试含咖啡因咖啡和脱咖啡因
咖啡对睡眠的影响,该段主要谈论的是这个实验的结果。
4. D第四段是第三段实验的继续,是该实验的第二个阶段。研究人员通过对志愿
者的尿进行化验发现,咖啡因摄人者体内的褪黑激素仅为非咖啡因摄人者的一半。褪黑激素就是睡眠激素,所以答案应该选D。
5. B文章的结尾谈道,“Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午饭后应该换喝脱咖啡因咖啡”。
另外,整个文章都在探讨咖啡因影响睡眠的机理,所以者大概会同意“晚饭后不应该喝咖啡”的说法。选项A是一个全称判断,这等于说“所有喜欢喝咖啡的人都比不喝咖啡的人睡觉少”。这不一定,因为如果咖啡适量,喝咖啡的时间适当,咖啡不影响睡眠。所以,作者可能不会会同意这种说法。根据文章第二段第二个句子,我们体内褪黑激素（睡眠激素）
的浓度在我们上床时间前两个小时开始上升,而这个时候我们会开始有困意。反过来说就是,人们并非一有困意就睡觉。所以,选项D 不是答案。
喜欢喝咖啡的人要小心了。晚上喝一杯快速提神的咖啡对你的睡眠造成严重破坏。并
且咖啡因作为一种刺激物会打断褪黑激素的流动。褪黑激素是使人们进入睡眠的神经激素。褪黑激素的浓度在睡前两小时开始上升。凌晨2点和4点之间达到最高植，然后再次下降。加利福尼亚斯坦福大学的斯坦福睡眠流行病学研究中心的Maurice Ohayon说：“控制我们睡眠是神经激素，它告诉我们的身体什么时候睡觉什么时候醒。”但是以色列的研究者发
现含咖啡因咖啡能使人体中这种睡眠激素减半。
特拉维夫大学的塞帕医学中心的Lotan Shilo和一个小组发现六个志愿者在喝了一杯含咖
啡因的咖啡后平均每晚睡336分钟，而喝完脱咖啡后平均每晚睡415分钟，他们用半个小
时才能睡着——比平常长一倍，而且翻来覆去的时间比平常多一倍。
在试验的第二阶段，研究者每三个小时叫醒志愿者一次，并要他们提供一个尿样。Shilo
测量了褪黑激素分解物的浓度。结果表明饮用含咖啡因咖啡的人体内的褪黑激素的浓度是
饮用脱咖啡因咖啡的人体内褪黑激素浓度的一半。在《睡眠知学》上发表的一篇论文中，
研究者表示咖啡因阻碍促使褪黑激素产生的酶的形成。
Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午饭后应该换喝脱咖咖啡，因为要排除体内的咖啡因要用好几个
小时。
第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when
you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.
Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock.
The
clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early
as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen
or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.
This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get
your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability
to think and learn.
But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets
itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.
词汇：circadian/s3:'keidi?n/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的
adolescent/?d?u'les?nt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的puberty/ 'pju:b?ti/ n．发育；青春期sync/si?k/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调
synchronize/'si?kr?naiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步
注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。例如： We should not make light of their achievements．我们不应当低估他们的成就。
2. your internal clock ：指的是第一句中的a clock located inside our brains ，也即是第二段第一句中的the biological clock （生物钟）。
3. stay up：不睡觉，熬夜
4. This shift：这种调整。指上文所描述的由于生理时间的变化
青少年上床时间越来越晚的现象。
5. get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark ：打乱了你的生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡
6. gray cloud ：提不起精神的状态
7. Brown University in Providence， RI：位于美国罗得岛州普罗维登斯的布朗大学。RI是Rhode
Island（罗得岛）的首字母缩写；Providence 是罗得岛州的首府。布朗大学是美国一流大学，
创建于1764 年，是世界闻名的美国“常春藤联盟”（还包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、布朗大学、哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、达特茅斯大学和康奈尔大学）中的一员。
8. the signals that synchronize the body's clock：平衡生物钟的光信号
练习：
1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because
A it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.
B it has a cycle of 24 hours.
C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.
D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.
2. What is implied in the second paragraph?
A Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.
B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.
C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.
D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.
3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that
A it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.
B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.
C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.
D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.
B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.
C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.
D Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.
5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about
the human eye's light-sensing system?
A The human eye had two light-sensing systems
B The human eye had one light-sensing system.
C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.
D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.
答案与题解：1.B 第一段第二句提供了答案。句中的your internal clock 即指a clock located inside ourBrains。
2. C 第二段主要内容是告诉读者，过了青春期（puberty），由于生物钟节奏的变化，青少年（adolescents and teenagers）比以前要晚睡几小时。所以C是该段所隐含的内容。
3. B 第三段的最后一句直接给出了答案。
4. C 根据第四和第五段的内容，闹钟和生物钟都可以重新设定时间，但生物钟能通过眼睛接
受的日光来自动调节生理节奏。所以A、B和D都是这两段中所述内容，C是正确选择，因为闹钟不能自动重新设定时间。
5.B 问题使用的是过去时，问的是研究者在最新发现（recent discoveries）之前对眼睛感光系统的认识，即，the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the samepathways that we use to see （眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统），也就是说，研究者之前认为人类的眼睛只有一个感光系统。但最新发现却是，人的眼睛有两个感光系统。
第六篇不要太在意睡眠
我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。
青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。
生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说：“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。”
其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。
很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。
但最近几年的研究发现，人类眼睛有两个感光系统，一个是视觉系统，而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。
第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones
Using enzymes commonly found in living cells，a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar.If the technology is able to succeed in mass production，you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.
In fuel cells，chemical reactions generate electrical currents.The process usually relies on precious metals，such as platinum.In living cells，enzymes perform a similar job，breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.
When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells，they had trouble keeping
them active，says Shelley D.Minteer of St Louis University1.Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes，there’s no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.
Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach，also of St Louis University，have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket.“We tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment” for the enzyme，Minteer says.The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.
In the new fuel Cell，tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes.When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket，the enzyme oxidizes it，releasing electrons and protons.The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode，where they react with.oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water.The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power.
So far，the new fuel cells don’t produce much p ower，but the fact that they work at all is exciting，says Paul Kenis，a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois2 at Urhana-Champaign3.“Just getting it to work.” Kenis says，“is a major accomplishment.”
Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity.Sugar is easy to find. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable，so the technology wouldn’t hurt the environment.The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar.They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.
词汇： enzyme/5enzaIm/n.酶 electrode/I5lektrEJd/n.电极platinum/5plAtinEm/n.铂，白金 membrane/5membrein/n.膜，薄膜electron/I5lektrRn/n.电子 oxidize/5Cksi7daiz/v.氧化degrade/di5reid/v.降解 glucose/5lu:kEus/n.葡萄糖polymer/5pClimE/n.聚合物biodegradable/7baiEudi5reidEbl/adj.能进行生物降解的microenvironment n.微环境embed/im5bed/v.埋置，插入proton/5prEutCn/n.质子
1. According to the first paragraph，when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?
A When enzymes can be commonly found in living ceils.
B When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.
C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.
D When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.
2. What trouble did Minteer and Klotzhach have in their research?
A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.
B They had trouble keeping biological cells active.
C They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.
D They had trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.
3. According to Paragraph 5，electrons are released
A when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cell.
B when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzyme.
C when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through
a pocket.
D when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.
4. What is exciting about the new fuel cells?
A Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.
B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.
C Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.
D Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment,
5. According to the last paragraph，what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?
A The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.
B The new fuel cells are environment friendly.
C The new fuel cells are biologically degradable,
D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.
1. C A和D明显不是正确答案。B不是正确选择，因为只有当这种新的燃料电池被大规模生产时，才有可能实现用甜饮料给手机提供电能。
2. A 文章第三段的第一句是问题的答案。
3. C 该段第二句“When glucose from a sugary liquid penetrates a pocket，the enzyme oxidizes it，releasing electrons and proton”中的it指代glucose，而不是a sugary liquid，因此C是正确选择。
4. B 第六段的大意是，尽管这种新型燃料电池还不能产牛很多电能，但是，它能够产生电能的事实就已经是很大的成就了。因而激动人心。所以只有B是正确答案。
5. D 文章的最后一段指出了这种新型燃料电池的优点，即A、B、C所述内容。最后一句说，科学家预计，在不到三年的时间里这种新技术便可在大众的流行产品中使用。所以D是正确选择。译文：
一种新型燃料细胞通过利用活体细胞中很常见的酶能从糖中生产少量的电。如果这项技术能够成功应用于大批量生产，人们可以与自己的手机分享甜饮料(因为糖可以发电供给手机)。
燃料细胞中的化学反应能产生电流。这个过程通常依赖于贵金属，比如铂。在活体细胞中，酶发挥类似的作用，通过分解糖得到电子进而产生能量。
圣路易斯大学的Shelley D．Minteer说，以前研究人员在燃料细胞中使用酶时，很难维持酶的活性。生物细胞能不停地产生新鲜的酶，但燃料细胞中没有能替换很快降解的酶的机制。
Minteer与同样来自圣路易斯大学的TamaraKlotzbach现在研制了一种聚合物，它能包裹酶并将其保存在用显微镜才能看见的袋子里。Minteer解释说：“我们改造袋子使其能为酶提供理想的微环境。”这种聚合物能使酶保持几个月而不是几天的活性。
在新型燃料细胞中，装有酶的微小的聚合物袋子镶嵌在一张裹在一个电极上的薄膜里。含糖液体中的葡萄糖进入袋子时，酶将其氧化，释放出电子和质子。电子穿过薄膜进入一根导线并通过这根导线到达其他电子。导线中的电子与大气中的氧发生反应产生水。电子在导线中流动形成电流，电流能产生电能。
伊利诺斯大学Urbana-Champaign校区的化学工程师Paul Kenis指出，目前这种新型燃料细胞产生不了多少电能，但它们确实产生了电，这一事实令人激动。Kenis说：“单是使它可以产生电能，就是一项大的成果。”
消耗糖的燃料细胞有可能成为高效的发电工具。糖容易得到，而且消耗糖的新型燃料细胞可生物降解，因此这项技术不会损害环境。目前，科学家们正试图利用别的能从糖中产生更多电的酶。
他们预计，在不到三年的时间里这种新技术便可在大众化的产品中使用。
第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful
Some2 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble3. Japanese,Brazilians, Americans — they graffiti4 their names,loves and politics on the cold iron — transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world onthe move5.
With Paris laid out in miniature6 below，it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view7. But the graffiti also raises a question ： Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world, s tallest structure,is la Tour Eiffel still so popular8?
The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces9 a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over,but the tower lives on.
"Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic”，says Hugues
Richard10,a 31- year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower's second floor 一 747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It's iron lady，It inspires us11 ”， he says.
But to what12? After all,the tower doesn' t have a purpose. It ceased to be the world’ s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building13 went up in New York. Yes，television and radio signals are beamed from the top,and Gustave Eiffel,a frenetic builder who died on December 27，aged 91 ,used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication.
But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there _ a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will14. To the technically minded15, it's an engineering triumph. For lovers, it's romantic.
"The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way16”，says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower.
词汇：Eiffel /'aifel/ Tower (法国巴黎的)埃菲尔铁塔eyeful /'aiful/ n.引人注目的景象scribble /'skribl/ v.乱涂，乱画graffiti /grs'fizti：/ n?涂写,涂画
iron work 铁制品；铁工agelessness /'eid3lisnis/ n.永恒，永不过日寸
rust /rASt/ v.生锈（rust away 锈烂掉）frenetic /frs'netik/ a办极度激动的
tinker /'tiqko/ n.白铁匠，能做各种小修小补的人
aerodynamics /leorsudai'naemiks/ n?空气动力学
注释：Eiffel Is an Eyefiil:引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔。由于Eiffel和Eyeful读音相似，使用Eyeful而不是其他的词是有其修辞效果的。埃菲尔铁塔是古斯塔夫?埃菲尔（Gustave Eiffel，1832— 1923，法国工程师)为1889年的巴黎博览会设计的。该塔在塞纳河南岸，高300公尺（984 英尺）。埃菲尔铁塔的法文是第二段最后一句中的“la Tour Eiffel"。some:意为“approximately;about，，（大约，将近）。如它 40 people attended the rally.大约有40个人参加了集会。
the world comes to scribble:世界各地的人们来此涂鸦。
graffiti:在此用作graffito的动词形式，意思是“涂鸦，在墙或其他表面上创作的画或铭刻”。transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.使最有法兰西色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。the most + adj. + of + n.意为“在……中最为…… 的” 如：Beethoven is the greatest of musicians.贝多芬是最伟大的音乐家。on the
move:在运动中。in miniature:小型的，小规模的，缩影的
would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view.宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹,而不去观赏风景。would rather…than:宁愿……而不……： He would ratherstay at home watching DVD than going to the cinema.他宁愿待在家里看 DVD,而不愿到电影院去看电影。
在原句 Why is la Tour Eiffel still so popular?的 Why 与 la Tour Eiffel still so popular?之间插 AT nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the world's tallest structure.
graces:在此作动词，意为“to give beauty, elegance, or charm to”（使……优美，优雅或具有魅力）oHugues Richard:法国自行车运动员，多次打破自行车运动的世界纪录，于2002年4月8日以19分钟零4秒的成绩骑自行车登上埃菲尔铁塔的第二层，第六次打破自行车运动的世界纪录。
“It’s iron lady,it inspires us. ”：“这是铁娘子，能让人产生灵感。”It指埃菲尔铁塔。
But to what?这是一个省略句,接着上段Hugues Richard的话发问，完整的句子可以是:But what does it inspire people to?
the Chrysler Building:是美国纽约帝国大厦（the Empire State Building)建成之前，世界第一高楼，共77层，设计师是William Van Alen。
a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will:—张空白的画布，任游客自由遐想To the technically minded:对于那些善于从技术角度考虑问题的人来说，从技术的角度来说。
"The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way. ”：“这座塔将在我们所有的人离去后长久存在。”outlast：意为“ to last longer than”（比……持久）。out-：前缀，意思是“比…… 更…”。如：Women are said to outlive men.据说女人比男人长寿。
by a long way ：副词，意思是“大大地”。
练习：
1. Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol of a world on the move?
A) Tourists from all over the world come to the Eiffel Tower by car or by plane.
B ) Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.
C) The Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in the world.
D ) The Eiffel Tower represents all the towers in the world.
2. What seems strange to the author?
A) Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.
B ) Visitors spends much time watching other people scribbling.
C ) Only Japanese,Brazilians and Americans like to mark their presence.
D ) Scribbling spread from country to country.
3. Which statement is NOT true of Hugues Richard?
A ) He is a cyclist.
B ) He is a record holder.
C ) He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds.
D ) He cycled up to the tower's second floor.
4. What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for?
A) Sending radio and television signals all over the world.
B ) Conducting research in various fields.
C) Giving people inspiration.
D ) Demonstrating French culture.
5. Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “（The Eiffel Tower is like)a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will ______？
A ) Visitors can do whatever they want on the tower.
B ) Visitors can paint on the tower whatever they want.
C ) Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.
D) Visitors can draw on a blank canvas provided by the Tower management company.
答案与题解：
1. B第一段提供了答案。见注释3、4、5。
2. A 第二段第一句中的句型 would rather do something than doing something else,也可以
用 prefer doing something to doing something else的句型来表达。所以，A是正确选项。句型解释见注释7。
3. C第四段i诉我们,Hugues Richard蹬车上塔，打破世界纪录。C不是正确选项，因为他cycling up to the tower's second floor,而不是 climbing up the tower.
4. B A不是正确选项，因为Gustave Eiffel没有也不可能使用该塔向全世界发射电视信号。第五段的最后一句提供了答案。
5. C第六段的大意是：对不同的人，埃菲尔铁塔有不同的象征意义。见注释14。
译文：引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔
世箅各地的人们都来到大约300米高，接近埃菲尔铁塔顶端的地方涂鸦。日本人、巴西人、美国人都在冰冷的铁上涂上自己的名字、喜好和政治观点，使这最具有法兰西色彩的纪念
碑成为动感世界的象征。
从塔上可以看到巴黎市的远景，但奇怪的是观光者们宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹，而
不去观赏风景。但这些涂鸦者也引起了一个问题：为什么在建成114年后，埃菲尔铁塔仍
然这么受欢迎?尽管它在几十年前减已经不是世界上最高的建筑物了。
这个问题的答案就像那构成90层的铁塔的工程一样复杂。一部分的理由是，毫无疑问，
铁塔是永不过时的。周期性的维护使得它永远不会被腐蚀掉。埃菲尔铁塔定期油漆，覆盖
那些涂鸦, 但是它仍将继续存在下去。
“埃菲尔是巴黎的象征，而巴黎又代表了法国。所以，埃菲尔十分具有象征性。” Hugues Richard说道。这位31岁的法国人保持着在19分零4秒的时间内骑自行车经过747级台
阶登上铁塔二层的纪录。“这是铁娘子，能让人产生灵感，”他说。
但是它能使人们产生怎样的灵感呢？毕竟，铁塔并没有任何&的。1930年纽约的克莱斯勒
大厦取代它成为世界上最高的建筑。但是电视和广播信号仍然从塔顶发送出来，而古斯塔夫?埃菲尔，这个狂热的建造者利用它的高度进行气象学、空气动力学和无线电通讯的研究。他在12月27 日逝世，终年91岁。
本质上来说，铁塔伫立在那儿本身就是一个灵感——它就像一张空白的画布，任游客自由
遐想。对于那些善于从技术角度考虑伺题的人来说，它是一个工程上的胜利;而对于恋人们
来说，它则象征着浪漫。
“这座塔将在我们所有的人离去后长久存在。”埃菲尔铁塔管理公司的伊莎贝尔说。
第九篇 An Essential Scientific Process
All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses.
Youth Emancipation in Spain西班牙年轻人的解放 The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.西班牙政府正担心他们国家的大龄青年一直跟他们父母住一起，政府已经决定帮助他们离开家。 Around 55 percent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' home, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.大约55％的18?34岁的人在西班牙还睡在自己的父母家，根据国家青年协会的最新报告。 To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.为了哄年轻人离开他们的家，这个月研究所开始了“青年解放”。此项活动为年轻人寻找客房和工作提供指导。 Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2,000.经济学家指责年轻人的家庭受困于不稳定的劳动力市场和住房价格上升。2000年以来，房屋价格已经上涨了17％。 Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家).Family ties in south Europe — Italy, Portugal and Greece — are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding"，文化因素也有利于解释问题，社会学家说，在南欧洲的意大利、葡萄牙和希腊的家庭关系强于在欧洲中部和北部，西班牙社会学家阿尔穆德纳，莫雷诺Minguez在她的报告中写道，“晚解放的西班牙青年---关键在于理解“ “In general 2, young people in Spain firmly believe in 3 the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.“一般情况下，在西班牙，年轻人认同在家庭为主体的组织萦绕着他们的私人生活”Minguez说。 In Spain — especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.在西班牙，特别是在农村，这是不难发现，整个群体的阿姨，叔叔，表兄弟姐妹，侄女和侄子都生活在同一条街上。他们经常聚在一起周日晚餐。 Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of 4 set-ting bedtime rules.家长的耐受性是另一个因素。西班牙接受父母深夜开派对和警惕的设置睡前规则。 “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.“孩子可以在任何时间回家。如果家长抱怨，他们就会抗争并认为父母是个法西斯，在马德里卡洛斯三世大学的社会学家何塞·安东尼奥·亚涅斯·戈麦斯说。 Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s 6. The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.母亲们的情愿做孩子的家务使得问题恶化。今年60岁，生活在马德里，有三个孩子在20多岁的Dionisio Masso， 最年长的儿子28岁，有一个女朋友和一个工作。但是她儿子说与妈妈一起生活是不错。
2010年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类） 新增文章参考译文 第四部分阅读理解 第三篇 公民科学家 理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。 气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。因为在世界上有如此多的地方，没有足够的科学家来观察它们。所以他们请求你来帮助观察全世界气候变化的迹象。公民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方面——鸟儿、树木、花开等等——并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。这有助于数量有限的科学家得到如果只靠他们自己根本收集不到的巨大数据。就像公民记者帮助报道传统新闻报道方式所忽略的小型社区的相关信息一样，公民科学家也对他们所居住的环境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集数据并发送过来。 一群科学家和教育家在去年发起了一个叫做纽约国家物候学的组织。“物候学”就是科学家们所说的在自然中研究每个事件的时间。 其中一个小组的首要尝试就是依靠科学家和非科学家来收集关于每年植物开花和长叶子的数据。这一项目叫做花季追踪计划，它收集遍布美国的各种各样的植物生长周期的数据。参与这一项目的人们——这一计划对所有人开放——把他们的观察记录在花季追踪计划网站上。 “人们不需要是植物学家——他们仅仅需要环视四周看看周围有什么。”Jennifer
Schwartz说，她是这项计划的教育顾问。“通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会有怎样的影响。” 第六篇 北极冰山融化 地球的北极和南极都以冰冷闻名。但是，去年北冰洋上的冰含量跌到了历史最低点。 正常情况下，每年冬天在北极附近的北冰洋开始结冰，并在夏天缩减。但是多年以来，在夏天结束时冰的含量在下降。 自从1979年以来，每l0年在夏季末的冰覆盖量都下降11.4％。在1981到2000年之间，北极冰的厚度下降了22％——变成了l.13米这么薄。 去年，北极的冰雪覆盖达到了最薄的程度。在2007年夏天快结束的时候，冰层已经缩减到只覆盖四百二十万平方公里。这比那年的平均覆盖面积少38％，比两年前最低记录少23％。这个持续的趋势令科学家们万分担忧。 冰雪融化有许多原因，话雅图华盛顿大学的海洋学家张金伦说，有许多原因导致了冰层融化。极不寻常的强风去年刮过大西洋，风把大西洋中部的冰散去，留下大面积的薄冰和没有冰覆盖的海面。 科学家们还怀疑在大西洋上空有比过去越来越少的云层。晴朗的天空使更多的阳光照射大西洋。升高的温度使水和空气都变温暖。在去年大西洋的部分海域，表面温度比平均温度高3.5摄氏度，比历史最高点还高l.5摄氏度。 由于空气和水都变暖，冰从上面和下面都开始融化。在波弗特海的部分海域，阿拉斯加的北部和加拿大的西部，夏天开始时冰的厚度为3.3米，但到了季末仅仅为50厘米。 新的测量表明，情况远远比科学家们仅仅从表面上看到的要严重得多，新罕布什尔州汉
2016年职称英语考试理工类A级真题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A.imagination B.confirmation C.recall D.disclosure 2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal. A.careless B.Cruel C.strong D.hard 3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C.run D.prepare 4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A.Changeable B.Stable C.suitable D.adaptable 5.The new garment fits her perfectly. A.haircut B.purse C.Clothes D.necklace 6.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. A.fear B.joy C.hurt D.memory 7.They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. A.decorate B.water C.change D.visit
第三部分短文翻译参考译文 、级翻译 ：科研方法不过是人类思维活动必要方式的表达，只是对一切现象进行推理并给予精确严谨解释的方式。你们都多次听说过，科学家在工作中使用的是归纳法和演绎法。在某种意义上说，他们借助于这些方法设法从自然界中找出某些大协作规律，并根据这些规律建立起自己的理论。 ：创造性的思想不仅能产生出适合时代和环境要求而自身生存的因素，而且在环境改变的压力下，可以由新的形式取代旧的形式。例如，民主作为一种思想起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至西欧和美洲。但民主并没有保留古希腊的形式，而是经历了数次改革过程。实质上民主是动态发展的，且根据不同地区需求而改变。因此，民主政府在形式上各不相同。 ：在雇员经常变换工作的新时代，劳务市场上的新成员可望每十年变换一个职业，变换工作的频率甚至更高。这种遍及西方商界的劳动力的模式和流动形式，是一个新的发展趋势。其部分原因在于中间管理层逐步取消，致使越来越多的式人自己负责个人的发展。让工人承担自我发展的责任也许颇具戏剧性，但如今已成了准则。 ：由于工业发展水平和获取食物及原料能力的不同，各国政府对于人口增长的态度也不相同。在发展中国家，人口急剧膨胀对有限的食物、
空间和自然资源带来极大压力，因此，政府首先关注的是人口控制。在高度工业化的国家里，由于人口减少会导致市场萎缩和失业，政府很可能更愿看到人口缓慢增长。 ：谈判包括说服和妥协，但是为了参与其中任何一项活动，谈判者必须懂得如何在谈判的文化背景下说服对方和达成妥协，。导致跨文化误解的两个突出特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。他们经常打坚持实现短期目标。外国的谈判者可能会珍视与对手建立的联系，愿意投入时间，获取长期利益。 ：曾几何时，有人对计算机、未来和“无纸化办公”做过大胆的预测。然而，实际情况明显反映出计算机不仅没有减少纸张数量，相反却使之增加。目前由于高速打印机和复印机的出现，制作高质量纸张文档已变得极为容易。尽管诸如电子邮件那样的不以纸张形式出现的文档数量还在迅猛增长，但人们对纸张的需求却并没有因此减少，因此，人们认为至少在不久的将来，在即将到来的几十年中，纸将继续在办公室中扮演重要角色。 ：工作本身是复杂、有趣并具有挑战性的，但它并不局限于一个或几个生产线、市场、买方类型、市场管理技能或职能的专业化。你必须获取多方面的商业活动的知识，理解国内外政府的法律、政策和规章，敏锐地洞穴国际贸易行为，至少要深刻理解商法的几个组成部分。 ：如果生活中有一个导致成功的因素的话，那就是从挫折中吸取教训的能力。据我所知，一切成功的取得，都是因为当事人能够分析挫折，并在下一次的事业中实际地得益于上次的挫折。如果把挫折与失败混同
第十一篇Stage Fright Fall down as you come onstage. That‘s an oddtrick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he wasa teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich trippedhim purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2 Mr. Feltsmansaid,"All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen？" Today,music schools are addressing the problem ofanxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and careerpreparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn tofight stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers,shaky limbs,racing heart,blank mind.3 Teachers and psychologists offer wide-rangingadvice,from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mentaldiscipline,such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don‘tdeny that you’re jittery,they urge,some excitement is natural,even necessary for dynamicplaying. And play in public often,simply for the experience. Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests somestrategies for the moments before performance,“Take two deep abdominalbreaths,open up your shoulders,then smile,she says. ”And not one of these‘please don’t kill me‘ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in theaudience,people you would communicate with and make music to,and make eyecontact with them.“She doesn’t want performers to think of the audience as ajudge. Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often atthe root of stage fright,says Dorothy Delay,a well-known violin teacher. She tells otherteachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist ofthe Cleverland Orchestra,and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There weretimes when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chestresponding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where Ithought,"If I have to go through this to play music,I think I’m going to lookfor another job.”5 Recovery,he said,involved developinghumility-recognizing that whatever his talent,he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert wasnot a disaster.6 It is not only young artists who suffer,ofcourse. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz‘s nerves were famous. The greattenor Franco Corelli is another example.“They had to push him on stage,"SopranoRenata Scotto recalled. Actually,success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career,when you‘re scared to death,nobody knows who you are,and they don’t have anyexpectations,"Soprano June Anderson said. “There‘s less to lose. Later on,whenyou’r e known,people are coming to see you,and they have certain expectations.You have a lot to lose.” Anderson added,"I never stop being nervous until I‘ve sung my last note.”
2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.
A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare
职称英语核心词汇汇总
职称英语考试备考技巧 一、词汇： 需要考生在最后阶段练习查字典，建议一天练习查60对，而且一个词汇题要反、正查，同时也要进行职称考试中常考词汇的记忆，这样可以在考试时提高速度，节省时间。 词汇题一般情况下仅凭字典一般也能做对，因此考生对自己不认识、不熟悉或没有绝对把握的题一定要通过字典来确认，从而确保词汇题100%的正确率。特别提醒考生，考试时要带上一本带有同义词的词典。且词典不能含有职称、考试等字样，更不能带电子词典。 二、阅读判断： 答题时需掌握一条原则，就是在文章中有明确提出的才能确定为对。题目中若出现must、only、all、always等时，答案一般不会是对的。 除上面的原则外，一般根据下列原则和规律也可以确定正确答案。选择A、B或C的三种情况： 选A的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致 选B的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全相反 选C的情况：如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到 三、概括大意和完成句子： 概括大意要先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。完成句子则要根据所给的短句进行选择，比较好的方法是找同类动词。 同时读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。 四、阅读理解： 首先要重点掌握教材上的阅读理解的重点文章的背诵，来抓住出自教材上的分数，这是顺利通过考试很关键的一步。
同时充分利用老师在课上讲的解题技巧，如大标题做题法、红花绿叶原则、顺序出题原则、关键词回归定位法通过做模拟试题来进行解题技巧的演练和应用。 在做题时要注意：搞清主旨题、细节题、推理题、逻辑关系题、观点态度题。注意标题、首尾段、首尾句、逻辑关系处、细节处等出题点；在阅读时见到日期、数量等要先做好标记，这样有重点有理有节的解题，才有可能取得满意的成绩。 五、补全短文： 要先看标题定文体，再看选项，观察选项时应注意抓主干，猜大意，弄清选项大意是表示定义、因果、例子还是措施；不要放过代词、专用名字、连接词、数字等特征词；然后回头再去看课文，明确1-5的位置。 解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落，不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案，在考试时，应该注意利用以下前后句子存在的关系来做题： (1)利用转折关系 (2)利用归纳总结关系 (3)利用总分关系 (4)利用并列关系 六、完形填空： (1)掌握教材上的文章内容，尤其是2013年新增文章。把这些文章在考前一个月内，争取背到“滚瓜烂熟”，这样，就算考试时怎样变化都可以应付。 (2)语法知识的总结和固定搭配、词组的记忆。这样在做题时，阅读整篇文章，考生才能从头判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、时态、语态，并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义，最后从给出的四个选项中，选出在语法与词义上均与原文相符合的一个。除掌握以上解题技巧外，考生最好配合在模拟真实的考试时间进行模拟试题的演练，这样不但可以直接掌握复习效果，还可以迅速找到自己的薄弱环节，通过单项训练，逐一提高成绩。最后，提醒考生，在抓紧时间复习的同时要放松心情，以轻松的心态迎接考试。预祝顺利通过考试！ 全国职称英语考试必过秘籍（免背单词+免读全文版） 1、试题概况及答题顺序 1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”：
Real World Robots When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns. T o d a y’ s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence— that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A
2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5. They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move
2013职称英语阅读理解英文及译文 2013年新增（一）阅读判断 1.第一篇：Taking Pictures of the world 2.*第十二篇：Starting a New Tradition （二）概括大意与完成句子 1.第五篇：US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 2.第八篇：How We Form First Impression （三）阅读理解 1.第三篇：Shark Attack ！ 2.第五篇：The Travels of Ibn Battuta 12年新增的篇目：第1、8、10、11、16、19、20、26、30、33、34、35、37、38、47篇 13年新增的篇目：第3、5篇。 12年第8篇(C级)第33篇B级，第35篇A级2012年已考 职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) 3 第一篇讲述关于人们的故事 Telling Tales about People 第二篇课外学习带来很大不同 4 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 5 第三篇小心鲨鱼 5 Shark Attack! 6 第四篇火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7 第五篇伊本白图泰游记7 The Travels of Ibn Battuta 8 第六篇看电视与长途汽车旅行9 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10 第七篇现代日光浴者10 Modern Sun Worshippers 11 第八篇变化中的中产阶级11 The Changing Middle Class 12 第九篇单亲幼儿最出色12 Single-parent Kids Do Best 13 第十篇艾伦的来信13 A Letter from Alan 14 第十一篇芭蕾舞的发展14 The Development of Ballet 15 第十二篇走私15 Smuggling 15 第十三篇芭比娃娃16 The Barbie Dolls 16 第十四篇睡眠17 Sleep 17
2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第十四篇 第十四篇 Primer on Smell In addition to bringing out1 the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us? Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are，” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. 1 “Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell，，，says Reed. Even at a distance, odors can warn us of2 trouble — spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert，，，offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it. With just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. Let’s say, for example，that the smell is purple petunias. 2 Now let’s imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. You wouldn’t need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. You would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor.
理工B阅读理解新增文章 第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”. “Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device. In other words, if there’s an “app” for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm. “Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots ca n be creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said. Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 词汇： pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放(音乐) scan v.扫描;浏览 skip v.轻跳，跳跃 sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步 tempo n.速度;节奏 注释：
江苏省职称英语理工_翻译 （一）英译汉 1、People are all familiar with heat causing metals to expand. D、人们都知道，热会使金属膨胀。 2、While welcoming cloning animals, nearly all countries are against cloning humans. C、虽然支持克隆动物，但几乎所有的国家都反对克隆人类。 3、The study of genes is gaining importance throughout the world. A、对基因的研究，正在全世界日益收到重视。 4、Even the international authoritative sources will have to agree that the product developed in this laboratory is better than in any laboratory all over the world. D、即使国际权威人士也不得不承认，该实验室研制的这一产品优于世界上任何其他实验室的产品。 5、Over the years, efforts have been made to study the properties of this material. B、这几年里，人们做出了种种努力，来研究该材料的各种特性。 6、The design of a modern car should not only aim to construct a car that can provide a most comfortable interior, run smoothly on either rough ground or snow-covered roads, and consume less fuel than most cars of its kind do ,but also to minimize its construction cost as well as shorten the production time. C、现代汽车的设计，应当不仅着眼于制造一种车内安排最舒服、不论在粗糙的地面上还是在盖满冰雪的道路上都 能平稳开动、消耗燃料又比大部分同类的车都少的车子，而且应当使其构造成本达到最低，生产时间尽量缩短。 7、Nowadays, a most wonderful way of carrying messages to link the world together is to send an electronic signal or message from a station on the earth to a satellite traveling in space and then to make it come back to another earth station, which may be very far away from the sending station. B、今天，传递信息以便把世界联系起来的一种十分巧妙方法是：从地面站向空间运转的卫星发射电子信号或信息， 然后再让信号或信息返回到另一个地面站，而这两个地面站之间的距离十分遥远。 8、Recent studies suggest that the human brain continues to change through the process of evolution. The findings conflict with a common belief that the brain has evolved about as much as it ever will. A、最近的研究指出，人类的大脑通过进化过程在继续改变。这一发现同人们普遍接受的大脑进化已经停止这一信 念相冲突。 9、Solar energy has been used in many traditional technologies for centuries and has come into widespread use where other power supplies are absent, such as in remote locations and in space. C、几个世纪以来，许多传统的技术都已经在使用太阳能。在那些其他能源无法供应的地区，如偏远地区和太空， 太阳能已经得到广泛的应用。 10、The production of computers and calculators able to make complex mathematical operations involves very sophisticated technical processes. B、生产计算机以及能进行复杂数学运算的计算器，是要使用很尖端、复杂的技术方法的。 11、The earth contains a large number of metals which are useful to man. One of the most important of these is iron. Modern industry needs considerable quantities of the metal, either in the form of iron or in the form of steel. A、地球上蕴藏着大量对人类有用的金属，其中最重要的一种是铁。现代工业对这种金属的需求量相当大，无论是 以铁的形态还是钢的形态。 12、The primary reason for connecting national electricity supplies is that, while peak demand occurs during the daytime, all countries are not in daylight at the same time. C、要将各个国家的电源供应连接起来的主要原因是，在白天出现用电高峰期的时候，并不是所有国家都同时处于 白天。 13、Society will become more and more computerized, and the electronic engineer will be called upon to design and build ever-smaller computers capable of doing more varied and more complicated tasks.