精锐教育1对3辅导讲义
学员姓名：学科教师：
年级：八年级辅导科目：英语授课日期时间
主题被动语态
学习目标1.掌握被动语态的基本概念及主动变被动的解题步骤和技巧；
2.在具体语境中熟练运用被动语态
教学内容
1、互动探索
教学建议：
1、引导学生用主动语态和被动语态描述前四幅图中的情景；
2、让学生用被动语态说出后四幅图中的情景。
The Great Wall
Build
Chinese people
I
Buy
Computer
Thomas Edison
Invent
Light
Students
plant
trees
被动语态
教学建议：
1、引导学生分析主动语态与被动语态的区别
【知识梳理1】语态的基本概念：
语态是表示句子中主语和谓语动词之间的关系的术语。英语中只有两个语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
主动语态——动作执行者；被动语态——动作承受者
例：I have returned the magazines to the library.
The magazines have been returned to the library.
The students cleaned their classroom after school every day.
The classroom is cleaned by the students after school every day.
【巩固练习】
1. He often tells us interesting stories. (改为被动语态)
We ______ ______ ______ interesting stories by him.
Interesting stories ______ ______ ______ to us by him.
2. A lot of trees along the river last year .
A. planted
B. are planted
C. were planted
5. The trees must three times a week .
A. water
B. is watering
C. be watered
D. waters
Keys: are often told; are often told; C; C
【知识梳理2】被动语态的构成
教学建议：
1.被动语态的关键点：be动词的变化
2.老师师范讲解一般现在时的被动语态构成，然后由学生模仿变化其他时态的被动语态。
1. 被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词
2. 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：
时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时do/does am/is/are +done
一般过去时did was/were +done
现在进行时am/is/are +doing am/is/are +being done
现在完成时have/has +done have/has +been done
一般将来时will/shall/be going to +do will/shall/be going to +be done
过去进行时Was/were +doing was/were+ being done
过去完成时had + done had + been done
过去将来时would/should/be going to+ do would/should/be going to +be done
含有情态动词can/may/must +do can/may/must+be done
【巩固练习】
1.The headmaster praised Ben for his honesty.(改为被动语态）
Ben__________________ for his honesty_________ the headmaster.
2. The firemen are using long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings.(改为被动语态)
Long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings by the firemen.
3. Mother will buy Jack a new shirt.(改为被动语态）
A new shirt Jack by Mother.
4. You had better take the wounded soldiers to hospital at once.(改为被动语态）
The wounded soldiers had better to hospital at once.
5. The adults tell the children not to swim in that deep river.(改为被动语态）
The children not to swim in that deep river.
6. Can some aged Chinese understand Russian?(改为被动语态）
Can by some aged Chinese?
7. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.(改为被动语态）
The employees were made ten hours a day.
8. Who looks after the children in the kindergarten?(改为被动语态）
By the children after in the kindergarten?.
9. The Spring Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the world.(改为主动语态)
The Chinese all over the world the Spring Festival.
10. The price of meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.(保持原句意思)
The price of meat from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.
Keys: 1. was praised，by 2. are being used 3. will be bought for 4. be taken 5. are told
6. Russian be understood
7.to work
8. whom are, looked
9. welcome 10. has been raised
【知识梳理3】被动语态的句法功能
教学建议：
1.老师通过图示演示主动变被动的过程，
2.给出主动句子，让学生把句子转换成被动语态。
1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
e.g.: Japanese is taught in that school. (类似中文的―饭吃过了‖，英汉说话习惯的相似性)
2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。
e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning.
看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！
总结：上面例句的小规律：
△主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
主动语态：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语
（执行者）（承受者）
被动语态：主语+ be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者）（承受者）一般省略
【巩固练习】
1. Children (not allow) to play frightening games.
2. At last the two pictures (hang) side by side.
3. The Great Wall (know) by people all over the world.
4. All the buildings (turn) into hospitals recently.
5. How long can these magazines (keep)?
6. The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week.
7. The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune.
8. The password of your email box should (memorize). .
9. Liquids can (turn) into gases if their temperatures (make) hot enough.
10. The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night.
Keys: 1.are not allowed 2. were hung 3. is known 4. have been turned 5. be kept
6.will be planted
7. was being operated
8. be memorized
9. turn(be turned)，are made
10. found ,were blown
【知识梳理4】主动语态和被动语态的转换
1. 主动语态变为被动语态
①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。
③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
We asked him to sing an English song.
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
批注：主动，主动，主去动；被动，被动，主被动。
2. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
教学建议：
1.让学生了解什么叫双宾语及宾语补足语并举例说明；
2.给出具体例句让学生来变成被动。
①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；
②若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；
③若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for；
She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)
I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语）
A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语）
备注：此语法点应多呈现后接双宾语的动词详细讲解并加强练习。如：bring , take ,send ,show 等
3. 动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
We should speak to old men politely.
Old men should be spoken to politely.
4. 带宾语补足语的被动语态
宾语后若有宾补，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.
Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
5. 变被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to.
He makes the girl stay at home.
The girl is made to stay at home by him.
备注：一感二听三让四看，变被动还原to.
【例题精讲】
【例1】Many accidents_________ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused
B. were caused
C. have caused
D. will cause
【答案】B
【例2】Driving after drinking wine_________ in China.
A. allows
B. doesn't allow
C. is allowed
D. isn't allowed
【答案】D
【例3】Many trees and flowers_________ in our city every year.
A. planted
B. are planted
C. were planted
D. plants
【答案】B
【巩固练习】
1. The Spring Festival_________in January or February.
A. celebrates
B. is celebrated
C. celebrated
D. was celebrated
2. Soft drinks_________ to children for free in some restaurants on Children's Day.
A. offer
B. have offered
C. are offered
D. will be offered
3. —Suihua is so beautiful. It's like a big garden.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers_________in our city every year.
A. are planting
B. are planted
C. were planted
4. When will the birthday party_________, on Monday evening or Tuesday evening?
A. hold
B. be held
C. held
D. be holding
5. It will be two days before the decision_________.
A. has made
B. will be made
C. was made
D. is made.
6.—Did you go to Jim’s birthday part y？
—No, I_________.
A. haven’t invited
B. didn’t invite
C. am not invited
D. wasn’t invited
7. At last the boy was made_________ and began to laugh.
A. stop crying
B. to stop to cry
C. to stop crying
D. stop to cry
8. —Do you know Lucy’s grandma?
— Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has_________ for about a month since she_________ in the
accident.
A. been dead; was killed
B. died; was killed
C. been dead; killed
D. died; killed
9.English_________ more and more widely (广泛) today. So we must learn it well.
A. uses
B. used
C. is used
10. —How many people will_________ to your birthday party?
—Twelve.
A. invite
B. be invited
C. be inviting
Keys: 1-10 BCBDD DCACB
教学建议：此部分必须由班级学员合作完成。建议步骤为：
1)在8分钟内学员独立完成测试；
2)老师给出答案，学员相互批改；
3)在5分钟内就错题学员间相互合作，讨论错题，保证每一位学员都懂；
4)让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。
【基础题】
1. My father____________ to give a speech at the meeting yesterday.（崇明）
A. asked
B. was asked
C. asks
D. has asked
2. Many houses_________ in the storm a few days ago. What a pity!（奉贤）
A. damage
B. damaged
C. were damaging
D. were damaged
3. The Expo Center in Shanghai_________ on December 25th, 2009. （虹口）
A. completed
B. was completed
C. has completed
D. has been completed
4. When the bread was ___________, they usually departed for their new flat. （虹口）
A. turned out
B. sold out
C. pointed out
D. worked out
5. More new classroom buildings_________ in our school in the next few years. （嘉定）
A. will be built
B. was built
C. has built
D. will build
6. Good service ___________ by China during the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.（静安）
A. provided
B. has provided
C. was provided
D. has been provided
7. ---In China plastic bags_________in the supermarket now.
---Yes, people should use environmental bags. （卢湾）
A. can use
B. can be used
C. can’t use
D. can’t be used
8. While travelling, you should give yourself a day to_________the time and know the way nearby. （卢湾）
A. used to
B. be used to
C. use to
D. be used
9. Do you know how many cars_________ in Shanghai every year? （普陀）
A. produce
B. will produce
C. are producing
D. are produced
10. The old man moved here to live with his son five years ago, so he_________ the life here. （松江）
A. used to
B. is used to
C. isn’t used to
D. used not to
11. It was reported that more young teachers_________ to Yunnan sometime next year. （松江）
A. would send
B. will send
C. would be sent
D. will be sent
12. Though Qian Xuesen ____________ for several months, we will remember him for ever. （徐汇）
A. died
B. has died
C. was dead
D. has been dead
13. As we all know, wood and stones ____________ bridges in many countries. （徐汇）
A. used to build
B. used to building
C. are used to build
D. are used to building
14. These new clothes ____________ to the children in the mountain villages tomorrow. （徐汇）
A. are sent
B. were sent
C. has been sent
D. will be sent
15. More trees_________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. （闸北）
A. are planted
B. were planted
C. have been planted
D. will be planted
Keys: 1-5 BDBBA 6-10 CBBDB11-15 DDCDD
【提高题】
1. Keep reading English every day, your reading skills quickly.
A. improve
B. will improve
C.are improved
D.will be improved
2. People _________ to set off firecrackers in some areas of Shanghai for several months.
A. aren’t allowed
B. weren’t allowed
C. won’t be allowed
D. haven’t been allowed
3. Great progress ______ in studying the new medicine for cancer recently.
A. will be made
B. is made
C. has been made
D. was made
4. The library of our neighbourhood ___________ ten hours a day.
A. opens
B. is open
C. has opened
D. is opened
5. The river __________ by waste products from the factory. We can find no fish in it.
A. has polluted
B. will pollute
C. has been polluted
D.will be polluted
6. People _______ to send up fireworks around the center of the city last Spring Festival.
A. weren't allowed
B. won't be allowed
C. are not allowed
D. haven't been allowed
7. The 87th Annual Academy Awards (奥斯卡金像奖) ceremony ________ in Los Angeles, USA, on February
22,2015.
A. held
B. was held
C.was holding
D.had been held
8. It is polite to turn off our mobile phones when the show ________.
A. began
B. begins
C. is beginning
D. will begin
9. When the traffic accidents, I was talking with my teacher by the road.
A. would happen
B. had happened
C. was happening
D. happened
10. Nowadays new taxi apps (打车软件) _______to help people travel around more easily.
A. are used
B. use
C. used
D. is used
11. Here is the package yon ordered. Itthis morning.
A. deliver
B. is delivered
C. delivered
D. was delivered
12. Many houses________ during the earthquake happened in Y unnan, China this May.
A. were destroyed
B. are destroyed
C. has destroyed
D. had destroyed
13. Something necessary_________ to prevent the serious air pollution.
A.must do
B. must be done
C. may do
D. may be done
14. After Donghai Bridge ________, it became a new tourist attraction.
A. completed
B. complete
C. is completed
D. was completed
15. A Disneyland Park ______ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.
A.has built
B. will be built
C. will build
D.is built
Keys: 1-5 DDCDC 6-10 ABBDA 11-15 DABAB
教学建议：
1、老师引导学生针对达标检测错题进行反思和总结；
2、老师引导学生对精讲提升相关知识进行总结，用表格的形式再呈现八大时态的主动变被动。
被动语态的构成
时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does am/is/are +done
一般过去时did was/were +done
现在进行时am/is/are +doing am/is/are +being done
现在完成时have/has +done have/has +been done
一般将来时will/shall/be going to +do will/shall/be going to +be done
过去进行时Was/were +doing was/were+ being done
过去完成时had + done had + been done
过去将来时would/should/be going to+ do would/should/be going to +be done 含有情态动词can/may/must +do can/may/must+be done
教学建议：此部分内容建议保持在30分钟左右完成
【基础题】
1. 把下面句子改成被动语态.
1. People call the man "Wolf Dad" because of his cruel way of parenting. (改为被动语态) （杨浦）The man__________________"Wolf Dad" because of his cruel way of parenting.
2. We must do something to meet the students' need and interests.（改为被动语态）(黄埔) Something must__________________ to meet the students' need and interests.
3. Mrs. Green moved most of the flower pots into the house last night. (改为被动语态)（普陀）Most of the flower pots__________________ into the house by Mrs. Green last night.
4. They built another bridge across the Yangtze River last year. (改为被动语态) （崇明）Another bridge__________________ across the Yangtze River last year.
5. We should plant more trees to make our school beautiful. (改为被动语态)（闸北）
More trees__________________planted to make our school beautiful.
6. People should take good care of the aged everywhere. (改为被动语态)（长宁）
The aged should__________________ good care of everywhere.
7. The scientists store a lot of information in the computers every day. (改为被动语态)（奉贤）Much information__________________ in the computers every day.
8. Many countries make laws to stop smoking in public. (改为被动语态)（宝山）
Laws__________________ by many countries to stop smoking in public.
9. Allen wrote many stories about the detective in 1987. (改为被动语态)（金山）
Many stories about the detective__________________ by Allen in 1987.
10. We can't wash the silk clothes in the washing machine. (改成被动语态)（浦东）
The silk clothes can't__________________in the washing machine.
1.is called
2. be done
3. were moved
4. was built
5. should be
6.be taken
7. is stored 8. are made 9. were written, 10. be washed
【提高题】
1.把下面句子改成被动语态.
1. My friend invited me to go to his birthday party last Sunday. (改为被动语态)（松江）
I__________________to go to my friend's birthday party last Sunday.
2. We must put this warning sign outside the gate of the museum.(改为被动语态）（徐汇）
This warning sign must__________________ outside the gate of the museum.
3. The truck brings vegetables here every morning.(改为被动语态）
Vegetables ______ ______ here every morning.
4. Nowadays people spend a lot of time on mobile phones or laptops.(改为被动语态）
Nowadays a lot of time_______ ________on mobile phones or laptops.
5. Our teachers often ask us not to spend too much time on the Internet?(改为被动语态）
___ often _________ not to spend too much time on the Internet.
6. In this estate, we must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分贝). (改成被动语态)
must _______ _______ under 50 dbs in this estate.
7. The workers hang lots of lanterns on both sides of the street every National Day.(改为被动语态)
Lots of lanterns _______ ______ on both sides of the street every National Day.
T 8. The professor mentioned a useful tool to help us think.(改为被动语态)
A useful tool ____ _____ by the professor to help us think.
9. The computer system will keep your tickets for three days. (改为被动语态)
Your tickets will _____ _____ by the computer system for three days.
10. We will build a large swimming pool in our neighborhood next year.(改为被动语态）
A large swimming pool will ________ ________ in our neighborhood next year.
1.was invited,
2. be put
3. are brought
4. is spent
5.are asked
集错卷 一. 选择题 1. ( ) The government should make laws to stop factories _____ letting out waste directly. A. by B. from C. up D. to 2. ( ) Pigs like to stay in dirty water or mud. Because mud can _________insect _____them. A. Keep; from B. protect; from C. keep; off D. prevent; from 3. ( ) ---May I come with you to see”Swan Lake”? -----________________. A. Yes, I’d love to B. Yes, of course C. No, thanks D. that’s all right 4. ( ) When will you and your parents ____________ for France? A. set out B. turn out C. take out D. make out 5. ( ) He tried to ___________ the words on the sign in the dark, but he couldn’t. A. give out B. make out C. pick out D. put out 6. ( ) Sorry, I can’t tell you __________ A .what his brother like B. what his brother is liked C. what is his brother like C. what his brother is like 7. ( ) We usually have lunch at school, _____________? A. haven’t we B. do we C. don’t we D. have we 8. ( ) There is still an hour. You ___________ leave so early. A. can’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 9. ( ) With the help of the Internet, we can know what _________ people around the world are doing. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others 10. ( ) Many experts think pigs are _________ to train than or cats. A. easier B. much easy C. more easily D. too easy 11. ( )Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on __________ in their life. A. sometimes B. some time C. some times D. sometime 12. ( ) I felt ___________ when I won the first prize for the high jump in the sports meeting. A. possibly B. happily C. interesting D. excited 13. ( ) The old lady can’t see the message _________ on the mobile phone. A. clear enough B. enough clear C. clearly enough D. enough clearly 14. ( ) After the exam, we shall enter senior high school ________the autumn. A. in B. on C. of D. at 15. ( ) Drivers should be very familiar ___________the traffic signs and rules. A. to B. with C. at D. for 16. ( ) How many huge bridges have been built _________the Huangpu River? A. on B. beside C. above D. over 17. ( ) Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over. We __________ stay in our classroom. A. should B. must C. had to C. ought to 18. ( ) Don’t forget to _________your things with you when you get out of the taxi. A. bring B. carry C. take C. lift 19. ( ) It is almost known to all that the Olympic Games __________ every four years. A. hold B. is held C. holds C. are held
上海版沪教版牛津英语1A教案（全册） Unit 1 My classroom Period One Teaching contents: L et‘s act ( Page 2) Teaching aims: 1. 知识目标：能用祈使句Stand up, please. Sit down, please. Open your book. Close your book.给出简单指令。 2. 能力目标：能听懂简单指令并作出反应。 3. 情感目标：激发学生学习的兴趣，使学生寓教于乐。 Difficult and key points:能用所学的命令相互交流。 Teaching aids: cassette, book, bag. Teaching procedure:
Unit 1 My classroom Period Two Teaching contents: let‘s talk ( page 3 ) Teaching aims: 4. 知识目标：学会问候语How are you?及回答Fine, thank you.学会Good morning.问候早上好。 5. 能力目标：熟练运用句子交流。 6. 情感目标：教育学生做到礼貌待人。 Difficult and key points: How are you? Good morning.的问候语。Teaching aids: Cassette, a puppet. Teaching procedure:
Unit 1 My classroom Period Three Teaching contents: let‘s learn ( page 4 ) Teaching aims: 7. 知识目标：学会pencil, pen, ruler, rubber, bag等学习用品。 8. 能力目标：运用各种方法简单描述物品。 9. 情感目标：教育学生热爱学习。 Difficult and key points:单词的发音和识记。 Teaching aids:Cassette1A, picture cards and word cards. Teaching procedure:
初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。
被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .
Chapter1词类和词类转换 1.1词的分类 n. pron. adj. num. v. adv. art. prep. conj. interj. 1.2词类转换 1.派生词（词根+词缀） 2.兼类词（词形不变，多个词性） 3.合成词(一般由两个或两个以上的词合成) Chapter2名词 2.1名词的数 1.名词复数的构成（规则变化、不规则变化） 2.惯用单数或复数的名词 如sports meet，take notes等 2.2可数名词与不可数名词 1.可数名词量的表示 基数词+可数名词，如twenty cups； 可数名词可与（a）few,many,a large/small number of,some等连用表示不定数量。 2.以复数形式出现的名词量的表示 如a pair of shoes. 3.不可数名词量的表示 如a piece of news. 2.3能兼用作可数与不可数名词的物质名词
如sheep，ice cream等. 2.4同一名词用作可数与不可数名词时的意义差别 如change(零钱、变化). 2.5名词所有格 1.名词所有格的构成 2.- ’s所有格的主要用法 3.of结构表示的所有关系 Of+名词，如the end of the term. 4.双重所有格 Of+名词所有格，如a friend of Mr.White’s =one of Mr. White’s friends. Chapter3代词 3.1人称代词 1.人称代词主格与宾格形式 2.人称代词的用法 3.it的用法
（1）it作代词代替上文中提到的无生命的事物或幼儿、动物。（2）作“这、那”解，指心目中的人。 （3）作无人称动词的主语，表示时间、天气和距离。 （4）作先行词，引导非谓语动词如动词不定式。 3.2物主代词 1.物主代词形式 物主代词分为形容词性和名词性。 2.物主代词的用法 3.3反身代词 1.反身代词形式
Oxford English Book 1A Unit 1 the first period 一．教学说明 1．今天是小朋友进入小学的第一节英语课，所有的学生都表现出对英语的极大的好奇。作为一名英语教师，要通过充满知识和乐趣的课堂将 孩子们的好奇转换成对英语学习持久的兴趣和热情。 2．班级中的孩子来自不同的环境，有着完全不同的知识基础和认知能力。教师应主动地去了解学生，这对今后的教学工作十分重要。二．教学内容 1．认知内容：能听懂会说Good morning. –How do you do? –How are you?-Fine, thank you. –Hello! 等问候语。 2．能力要求：学会用-Good morning. –How do you do? –How are you?-Fine, thank you. –Hello! 来问候和交流。 3．情感态度：通过学生对本课问候句子的学习，培养学生讲文明的良好习惯。并鼓励学生用这些问候语与新同学交朋友，增进新生之间的了 解和友谊。
四、教学提示 1．媒体准备： 玩偶、响板、歌曲磁带 2．教学关注点： 本课中的句子例如：How are you ? Fine, thank you. 对于一些从来没有接触过英语的小朋友来说比较困难，为了解决这一问题，可从以下方面做努力。 1）注重学习的过程，为学生的学习铺好台阶； 2）在小朋友们喜欢的游戏、歌曲等活动中巩固句子； 3）多创设学生间的合作交流的机会，以缓解因差异造成的成效不一。 3．资源分享： 九年义务教学课本3A有配套的歌曲：如
初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如： He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四．被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away. 阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。 He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War. 他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。 The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 3.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。 It is hoped that they will be successful.
被动语态 一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。如：主动句：They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。 被动句：This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。 二、' 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 英语主动语态的时态共有十六种，而被动语态只有十种。 四、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We speak Chinese. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) （ Chinese is spoken by us. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) 主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况： 第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如： I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构） An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构） 第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如： … My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构） A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） 第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。例如：
上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳 文件编码（GHTU-UITID-GGBKT-POIU-WUUI-8968）
冠词 一、固定词组 1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same 2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight 3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk, 二、专有名词前 1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是 the United Sates 要加 the 2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall, 3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词 1. for breakfast/lunch/supper 2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter 3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday 4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,Oct ober,November,December 四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词 前用the 1. the sun, the moon, the earth 2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth 3. the biggest, the most popular 4. the only key 五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor 六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音 1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform 2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph, an MBA course,
上海初中语法点汇总（牛津版） 牛津七年级第一学期 Language: Module 1 Relationships Unit 1 Relatives in Beijing ?1 形容词用于人物或事物之间比较的方法 ?2 运用名词和副词来表示方位 ?3 以how开头的疑问句 4 能熟练运用by引导的介词词组表达交通方式 5 学会使用表示方位的介词 6 学会使用表示时间的介词 7 学会运用hundred，thousand和million来表示数量 Unit 2 Our animal friends ?1 用以wh- 开头的特殊疑问句进行提问 ?2 用祈使句表示命令 ?3 以how开头的疑问句 4 能运用一般过去时谈论过去发生的事情或动作 5 掌握用代词one指代之前提到过的人或物 6 掌握用prefer表示偏好的用法 7 掌握用need to表示需要的用法 Unit 3 Friends from other countries ?1介词near和far away from的用法 ?2现在完成时的用法 ?3 用以wh- 开头的特殊疑问句进行提问 4 知道over表示“超过” 5 了解不同的国名和国籍的表达方式 6 掌握用there be句型表示客观存在 7 掌握描述人物各类信息的有关名词 Module 2 My neighbourhood Unit 4 Jobs people do ?1 yes/no 问句(一般疑问句的结构) ?2 一般现在时的用法 ? 3 用以wh- 开头的特殊疑问句进行提问 ? 4 一般过去时态 5 熟练一些职业名词 6 学会用有关副词表示事情发展的先后顺序 7 熟悉work搭配不同介词的用法 8 掌握both的使用方法 Unit 5 Choosing a new flat ?1 方位介词和介词词组的用法
Unit 1 My classroom Period One Teaching contents: L et’s act ( Page 2) Teaching aims: 1. 知识目标：能用祈使句Stand up, please. Sit down, please. Open your book. Close your book.给出简单指令。 2. 能力目标：能听懂简单指令并作出反应。 3. 情感目标：激发学生学习的兴趣，使学生寓教于乐。 Difficult and key points:能用所学的命令相互交流。 Teaching aids: cassette, book, bag. Teaching procedure:
Unit 1 My classroom Period Two Teaching contents: let’s talk ( page 3 ) Teaching aims: 4. 知识目标：学会问候语How are you?及回答Fine, thank you.学会Good morning.问候早上好。 5. 能力目标：熟练运用句子交流。 6. 情感目标：教育学生做到礼貌待人。 Difficult and key points: How are you? Good morning.的问候语。Teaching aids: Cassette, a puppet. Teaching procedure:
Unit 1 My classroom Period Three Teaching contents: let’s learn ( page 4 ) Teaching aims: 7. 知识目标：学会pencil, pen, ruler, rubber, bag等学习用品。 8. 能力目标：运用各种方法简单描述物品。 9. 情感目标：教育学生热爱学习。 Difficult and key points:单词的发音和识记。 Teaching aids:Cassette1A, picture cards and word cards. Teaching procedure:
初中英语语法大全——被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 一、被动语态的构成 主动语态:强调动作发出者被动语态:强调受到动作影响的对象 eg: He wrote the book. eg: The book was written by him. eg: She sings the English song. eg: The English song is sung by her. eg: We have finished our homework since two hours ago. eg: Our homework has been finished since two hours ago by us. 2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态
3. 被动语态的各种句式 eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt. 你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。 eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。 eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。 eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。 eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗? eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗? eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的? eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空? 4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式
上海初中英语语法练习——代词 代词 1. I can’t find ____________ in the small wooden box. It’s empty. A) something B) anything C) nothing D) some things 2. The students in our school went to the Forest Park yesterday and enjoyed there. A) they B) them C) their D) themselves 3. Mr. Wang has three sons and of them is a doctor. A) all B) both C) none D) neither 4. Computers are super calculators and people often call_________ electronic brains. A) they B) them C) their D) theirs 5. Some people enjoy reading detective stories, but __________ prefer reading comic books. A) another B) the other C) others D) the others 6. Jacky is not old enough to take care of ________. He is only four years old. A) he B) his C) him D) himself 7. We all believe that Jane is old enough to make a decision by __________. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 8. Next week we will ask __________ engineers for their opinions on the new design. A. other B. the other C. another D. others 9. Tim and Tom were twins, and __________ of them volunteered their services in Africa. A. all B. either C. both D. neither 10. Although this physics problem is a little difficult, try to work it out by ________, children. A) your B) you C) yourself D) yourselves 11. A: What kind of house would you like? B: I’d like ________ with a garden in front of ________. A) it, one B) one, one C) one, it D) it, it 12. I enjoy the popular dance “hip-hop”, but ________ my father ________ m y
上海版牛津英语全册教案 Oxford English Book 1A Unit 1 the first period 一．教学说明 1．今天是小朋友进入小学的第一节英语课，所有的学生都表现出对英语的极大的好奇。作为一名英语教师，要通过充满知识和乐趣的课堂将 孩子们的好奇转换成对英语学习持久的兴趣和热情。 2．班级中的孩子来自不同的环境，有着完全不同的知识基础和认知能力。教师应主动地去了解学生，这对今后的教学工作十分重要。二．教学内容 1．认知内容：能听懂会说Good morning. –How do you do? –How are you?-Fine, thank you. –Hello! 等问候语。 2．能力要求：学会用-Good morning. –How do you do? –How are you?-Fine, thank you. –Hello! 来问候和交流。 3．情感态度：通过学生对本课问候句子的学习，培养学生讲文明的良好习惯。并鼓励学生用这些问候语与新同学交朋友，增进新生之间的了 解和友谊。
四、教学提示 1．媒体准备： 玩偶、响板、歌曲磁带 2．教学关注点： 本课中的句子例如：How are you ? Fine, thank you. 对于一些从来没有接触过英语的小朋友来说比较困难，为了解决这一问题，可从以下方面做努力。 1）注重学习的过程，为学生的学习铺好台阶； 2）在小朋友们喜欢的游戏、歌曲等活动中巩固句子； 3）多创设学生间的合作交流的机会，以缓解因差异造成的成效不一。 3．资源分享： 九年义务教学课本3A有配套的歌曲：如
一、选择题 1．We' re proud that our school is________one of the best schools in our province. A．think to be B．thought to C．thought to be D．thought will be 2．—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China. —I’m sure it will be a great success. A．hold B．will hold C．were held D．will be held 3．When Tim ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．was asked B．asked C．was asking D．is asked 4．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 5．More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted D．have been planted 6．Mike, you can go out if your homework ________. A．finish B．finishes C．will finish D．is finished 7．—Do you think the old machine is ____________， grandma? —Yes, it is _________for carrying water. A．use; using B．useful; used C．use; used D．useful; use 8．My book ___________ here in two days through the EMS. A．are sent B．is sent C．will be sent D．will send 9．When the new subway__________, it will take me less time to go to school every day. A．will finish B．is finished C．finished D．will be finished 10．—Are you really willing to do so much homework? —To tell you the truth, sometimes I ________ to do that, but I think it really helps me. A．force B．am forced C．forced D．was forced 11．This kind of iPad________ in our shop. It________very well and many young people like it. A．sells; sells B．is sold; sells C．sells; is sold D．is sold; is sold 12．—Why didn’t you come to Jenny’s birthday party yesterday? —Because I________. A．didn’t invite B．isn’t invited C．wasn’t invited D．haven’t invited 13．My brother _____ to read by my mother when he was very young. A．teaches B．is taught C．was teaching D．was taught 14．—When can we go to watch the football match? —Not until the work________tomorrow. A．will be done B．has done C．is done D．does 15．（2017·河南·29）—Why are you leaving your job? —I can't stand it any longer. I ________ always ________ to work overtime. A．am；asking B．am；asked C．was；asking D．was；asked
第二章被动语态（一） 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。 She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。