Translation Exercises: (被动语态的译法)
1. Where were you educated?
你在哪里受的教育？
2. They were given a warm send-off at the airport.
他们在机场受到热烈欢送。
3. The result will be announced until 6 o?clock.
结果六点钟才会宣布。
4. The road is being repaired.
道路正在维修。
5. The case is being investigated.
这个案子正在调查之中。
6. The troops were being inspected by the president.
部队正受到总统检阅。
7. The little island was occupied in a few hours by the invaders.
侵略者几小时就占领了小岛。
8. He is suspected of taking bribery.
有人怀疑他受贿。
9. This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
这种广告到处都可以看到。
10. You are requested to give us a talk on Japanese culture.
敬请您给我们作一个有关日本文化的讲座。
11. New buildings can be seen everywhere in this area.
新建的大楼在这一地区随处可见。
12. This idea was clearly put forward in the early stage of reform and opening-up, and though some progress has been made in this regard, the total result is not so obvious.
这一思想，早在改革开放之初就已明确提出，虽然取得了一定发展，但总体效果还不明显。
13. Efforts should be made to firmly carry out the basic State policy of family planning.
应当坚定不移地执行计划生育的基本国策。
14. It should be pointed out that the accusations are groundless.
应当指出，这些指控是毫无根据的。
15. It is know to all that these islands have always been under Chinese jurisdiction.
众所周知，这些岛屿向来归中国管辖。
16. The agreement has been widely praised by other Governments, in international organizations and in financial and economic circles.
这一协议受到了其他国家的政府﹑国际组织以及金融界和经济界的广泛赞扬。
17. I don?t think it necessary to discuss the details here---that can be done by officials of both our governments.
我想不必在这里讨论细节，细节可以由我们两国政府的官员去商谈。
18. What we say here will not be long remembered.
我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。
19. We both believe that through vigilance and strength, in your words, a war can be postponed, and in our words, war can be avoided.
我们都认为，有了警惕和实力，用你们的话来说，可以推迟战争；用我们的话来说，可以避免战争。
20. In this manner nitrogen can be changed into oxygen.
用这种方法可以把氮变成氧。
21. Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth?s crust.
许多盆地都是因地壳陷落而形成的。
22. Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man.
然而，人类只利用了这种能的一部分。
23. The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice.
把温度降低以便使水变成冰。
24. We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.
社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。
25. Products of the factory are well received by the wide customers.
该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。
26. He was dismissed for being too lazy.
他太懒了，结果给/被开除了。
27. The lecture is considered very important for beginners.
大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。
28. The new building having been installed, my work there was done.
新的房子建好后，我的任务也就完成了。
29. To explore the moon?s surface, rockets were launched again and again.
为了探测月球表面，人们一次又一次发射火箭。
30. If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them.
如果有人向你提出有关私事的问题，你尽可不答。
31. Your application will soon be approved.
你的申请将很快得到批准。
32. The translation technique should be paid enough attention.
翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。
33. The book was translated by Lu Xun.
这本书是由鲁迅翻译的。
34. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
35. Other questions will be discussed briefly.
其它问题将简单地加以讨论。
36. In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging,
boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
37. Nuclear power?s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word:
radiation.
核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
38. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is
much more living, much more real.
可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
39. He was set upon by two masked men.
他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。
40. This question will be discussed in the next chapter.
这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。
41. He was hated by all the villagers.
他为全体村民所憎恨。
42. By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their
inhibit to heat.
通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。
43. Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of
them being perhaps the hovercraft.
在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。
44. The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
45. Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。
46. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.
这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。
47. Natural light or “white”light is actually made up of many colours.
自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。
48. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have
largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
49. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of
technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. ( 政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
50.
Socialism is to remain dominant in China while capitalism is allowed in certain regions like Hongkong and Taiwan. And the concept of “One country, two systems” which proved successful in solving the Hongkong issue could also be used to settle international problems.
Using a collection of Deng?s talks with foreign guests and people from Hongkong and Macao, the article traces the formation of these ideas since they were first discussed after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Chinese communist Party Central Committee （十一届三中全会）in 1978.
If the capitalist system is not guaranteed in Hongkong and Taiwan, Deng is quoted as saying, prosperity and stability there cannot be maintained and a peaceful settlement will become impossible. The idea that the capitalist system in Hongkong should remain unchanged for 50 years after 1997, Deng said, was advance because China needs 50 to 60 years to realize modernization. According to Deng, the “One country, two systems”policy that has been adopted suits China?s position and is not an expedient measure. Deng also said that the unification of China is a national desire and will be realized even if it takes a thousand years.
“The …one country, two systems? concept is not my personal idea but a principle and law adopted
by the National People?s Congress（全国人大）and therefore will not change,” Deng said.
The article also quoted Deng as saying that it was possible for other countries to use the same concept to settle difficult problems. There are two ways to settle the issues, peaceful or non-peaceful. Since there are many issues that can not be settled in tradional ways, new methods will have to be found.
邓小平谈“一国两制”
在中国的某些地区，如香港和台湾，虽然允许资本主义存在，但社会主义依然是中国的主体。在解决香港问题上已经证明行之有效的“一国两制”构想也可用于解决国际问题。
该文引用邓和外宾及港澳人士的一系列谈话，追述了这类构想在1978年中共十一届三中全会上首次讨论以来的形成过程。
该文还引用邓的话说如果资本主义制度在港台得不到保障，那里的繁荣与稳定就不能维持，和平解决问题也就不可能了。
邓说，之所以提出自1997年起维持香港的资本主义制度50年不变的构想，是因为中国需要50到60年才能实现现代化。
据邓说，采取“一国两制”适合中国国情，并非权宜之计。邓还说，统一中国是全民族的愿望，即使要一千年也要实现统一。
邓说：“‘一国两制’构想并非我个人的想法，而是由全国人民代表大会通过的原则与法律，因此是不会改变的。”
该文还引用邓的话说，其他国家亦可使用这一构想解决困难问题。解决问题有两种方法：和平的与非和平的。由于许多问题无法用传统办法解决，他说，就不得不去寻求新的办法。
Unit1 1、她连水也不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。（much less） She wouldn't take a drink much less would she stay for dinner. 2、他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。（whereas） He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth . 3、这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？（account for） How do you account for the fact that you have been late everyday this week. 4、他们的利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。（due to） The increase of their profits is due partly to the their new market strategy. 5、这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。（result in） Such measure are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency 6、我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。（pour into） We have to carry on because we have already poured a lot of time and energy into this project 1.I don’t think that he would commit robbery ,muchless would he commit Violent robbery. 我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average ,whereas women only seven dollars. 男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.Once the balance in nature is disburbed ,it will result in a number of unforeseeable effect. 自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4.The final examinati on is close at hand ; you ‘d better spend more time reading. 期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5.What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to dientify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production. 有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6.A recent survey showed that women account fot 40percent of the total workforce. 最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. Unit3 1、你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。 You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2、还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领哪里的研究工作。（Use an appositional structure) There remains one problem,namely ,who should be sent to head the research there. 3、由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。 There relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4、虽然他经历浮沉，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。 Though he has had ups and downs ,I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5、我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。
九年级被动语态和翻译句子专项练习题 一、选择题 ( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ every year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened ( )16. Paper first invented in China . A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )17.—Do you like the flower ? — Yes , it sweet . A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells ( )18. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow . A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with ( )19. The light in the room before you leave . A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off ( )20. A present me by my friend on my birthday . A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to ( )21. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon . A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water ( )22 The bridge in three weeks . A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds ( )23. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago . A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken ( )24. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown . A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked ( )25. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice .
英语被动句的翻译举例 英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如： 1）The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）. 3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。 4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。例如： 1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2）Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如： 1）His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2）The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4．成汉语的无主句。例如： 1）Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。 2）After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。 例如： 1）He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2）Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们（大家，我们）都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3）She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4）It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……；众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人（将）会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如： 1）A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2）I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天，我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。
大学英语精读第二册（第三版）汉英翻译联系中的练习参考答案 Unit1 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。 Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word. 2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。 The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American. 3. 约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。 Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone. 4. 当全部乘客都向出口处(exit) 走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。 While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane. 5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。 The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself. 6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。 While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth. 7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？ What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8. 猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay) 的陷阱(trap) 方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。 The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid. Unit2 1) 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.
Translation Exercises: (被动语态的译法) 1. Where were you educated? 2. They were given a warm send-off at the airport. 3. The result will be announced until 6 o?clock. 4. The road is being repaired. 5. The case is being investigated. 6. The troops were being inspected by the president. 7. The little island was occupied in a few hours by the invaders. 8. He is suspected of taking bribery. 9. This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere. 10. You are requested to give us a talk on Japanese culture. 11. New buildings can be seen everywhere in this area. 12. This idea was clearly put forward in the early stage of reform and opening-up, and though some progress has been made in this regard, the total result is not so obvious. 13. Efforts should be made to firmly carry out the basic State policy of family planning. 14. It should be pointed out that the accusations are groundless. 15. It is know to all that these islands have always been under Chinese jurisdiction. 16. The agreement has been widely praised by other Governments, in international organizations and in financial and economic circles. 17. I don?t think it necessary to discuss the details here---that can be done by officials of both our governments. 18. What we say here will not be long remembered. 19. We both believe that through vigilance and strength, in your words, a war can be postponed, and in our words, war can be avoided. 20. In this manner nitrogen can be changed into oxygen. 21. Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth?s crust. 22. Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man. 23. The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice. 24. We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism. 25. Products of the factory are well received by the wide customers.
第八节英语被动语态的翻译 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语感。如： （1）海水不可斗量。（2）文章总算写好了。说汉语的 人自古以来有一种主体思维方式，认为“成事者必在 人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必 一定用“被”字句。 一、被动语态的语义价值 第一、被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。） 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3）Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?
在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？） 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？ 第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度，因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 二、被动语态的翻译问题 （一）译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短） （二）译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“（遭）受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”
新视野读写教程第三版第二册读写教程课后翻译参考答案 第一单元 英译中English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet. 人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。 汉译中中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。 Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality,
被动语态练习题带答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days. A．are trapping B．have been trapped C．were trapping D．had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】 考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。 点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。 2．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。故选B。 3．The singer’s music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago. A．viewed B．has viewed C．was viewed D．has been viewed 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。A. viewed，一般过去式；B. was viewed过去式的被动语态；C. has viewed，现在完成式；D. has been viewed，现在完成式的被动语态。句意：自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上，这个视频的访问量达到了将近9百万次。since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时has done形式，又因music video是被访问的，故要用被动语态。故选D。 考点：考查动词时态与语态辨析。 4．—The window is dirty. —I know. It ________ for weeks. A．hasn’t cleaned B．didn’t clean
Language Focus Vocabulary I. 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary. 1) insert 【译文】使用这台机器首先需要投入合适的硬币，然后挑选你喜欢的饮料并按下按键。2) on occasion 【译文】史密斯教授不仅能翻译法语，有时也翻译波兰语。 3）investigate 【译文】食品化学家将会对市场上出售的保健食品进行调查，看其是否具备所称的功效。4）In retrospect 【译文】回想起来，当时在这个城市创建的数据处理中心真是不合时宜。 5）initial 【译文】我对这个消息的第一反应是如释重负，但仔细一想又觉得愤怒。 6）phenomena 【译文】丰富的数学知识足以解释许多自然现象。 7）attached 【译文】邮寄包裹前请确保标签已经贴牢。 8）make up for 【译文】作为他前一天迟到的补偿，我男朋友请我吃晚饭。 9) is awaiting 【译文】委员会正等候总部的决定，然后再采取行动。 10）not…in the least 【译文】自己一个人呆在屋子里，这个小姑娘似乎一点儿也不害怕。 11）promote 【译文】世界贸易组织宗旨是促进各成员国之间的贸易往来。 12）emerged 【译文】当月亮从云层后面露出来的时候，我看见远处有个人影在走动。 2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you. 1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south 【译文】该国南北方生活水平差异很大。 2) is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 【译文】据说，天然纤维要比人造纤维好。 3）as a financial center has evolved slowly 【译文】该城市作为金融中心的重要性慢慢地显现出来。 4）is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer 【译文】他的国籍与他是否是一个优秀的律师无关。 5）by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English
翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1顺译法 1.1顺译成被动句 1.2顺译成主动句 2倒译法 2.1 把by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.2把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.3倒译成汉语的无主句 3分译法 一、顺译法既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法（Translation in Original Order） 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被” 字所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被” 字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上“被” 字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C 受热过度就会被破坏。 例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。 例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! （Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre）【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B.译成“挨” 字句“挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句 子。 例1：The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2：I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C.译成“给” 字句 “给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者（受事者）不愉快或不愿接受的句子。例1：Our clothes were soaked with sweat. 【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。 例2：The crops were washed away by the flood. 【译文】庄稼给大水冲跑了。
Unit 1 I.translation 1背离传统需要极大勇气 It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢在大庭广众面前上台表演了 Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的 Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4假设那幅画的确是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it? 5如果这些数据统计上是站的住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 要提高我们的英语水平，关键是多读多写多听多说。此外尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。如果你脑子没有储存大量好的英语文章，你就不能用英语自由地表达自己的思想。一边学一边总结经验也很有帮助，因为这样做，我们就能搞明白哪种学习方法更有效的，能够产生最理想的效果。只要我们坚持努力学习，到时候我们就会完成掌握英语的任务 To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English. Unit 2 I. Translation 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的 The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 2每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。 Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. 3教育是我们最看重的传统，这就是我的父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。 Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.
被动语态翻译题集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN]
被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗？ 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。 8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗？ 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗？ 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事. 16.即使问题的确出现了，也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下，这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。
20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。 22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容：复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑，就像人的克隆一样，在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时，其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一，然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说，人可以分为三种：一种是劳累至死的，一种是忧心至死的，还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说,?得出这种结论是有一定把握的,?然而，必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度；他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。
被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗？ 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。
8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗？ 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗？ 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.
16.即使问题的确出现了，也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下，这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。
22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容：复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑，就像人的克隆一样，在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时，其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一，然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已
经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说，人可以分为三种：一种是劳累至死的，一种是忧心至死的，还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而，必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度；他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。