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英语新闻报道的结构 [1000字]

英语新闻报道的结构 [1000字]
英语新闻报道的结构 [1000字]

英语新闻报道的结构

一.新闻标题headline

标题短而精,不好懂。但标题是理想的“向导”它是新闻内容的集中和概括,用简练的语言浓缩新闻中最主要或最值得关注的内容。使读者尽量“一见钟情”。

in short, it has 4 functions:

1. summarizing the story

2. arousing the reader`s interest

3. beautifying the newspaper page

4. indicating how much importance each news item has

(一)标题的类型(省略、时态、语态)

? 根据形式分类

1.左齐头式标题(flush left headline)

2.通栏式标题(banner headline)又叫做头号大标题

3.阶梯式标题(drop form headline)形态美观,赏心悦目

4.倒金字塔式标题(inverted pyramid headline) 5. 双标题\复合式标题(double headline)

此类标题通常出现在对重大事件的报道中,其形式为两行标题,有主标题与副标题。 example 1:

example 2: 6.转页式标题(jump head headline)

example: (original) (jump head)

根据意义分类

? 直接类标题(straight headline)此类标题开门见山,直接告诉我

们报道的主题,是最常见的标题形式,也非常易于理解。

example 1: example 2: example 3:

? 问题类标题(questioning headline)此类标题尾部通常带有问号,但大多并不表示发问。其含义通常是:暗示可能性。对新闻的真实性及准确性表示怀疑

example 1: example 2:

example 3: example 4:

? 特写类标题(feature headline)此类标题通常用于重大新闻以外的特别的报道,要么内容不同寻常,要么读者会对这方面内容颇感兴趣。这类标题不太容易读懂,有时得借助于对整篇文章的理解。

example 1:其报道内容是讲述一种将问世的预防牙齿腐烂的疫苗。

example 2:

reign的含义是rule,仅用于国王或女王,因此man与reign的搭配令人费解,从而达到了勾起读者阅读欲望的效果。看完全篇才明白,原来the man不过是一条名为queen mary的船长而已。

? 引语式标题(oration headline)

1. 将人们说的常理性的话作标题。

2. 直接引用记者听到某人的原话作标题,或是记者采访的对象所言,或是发言人所说的话。

3. 利用文章中的一句话、半句话、几个字或一个字作标题

批评英国在外交上脚踏两只船,一方面与美国保持“特殊关系”,紧跟美国,另一方面又声称要与西欧国家站在一起。

4. 标题中部分带引号的词,有时其词义往往不是其通常的意思。

此标题可不是指古代北欧人对不列颠的入侵和征服,而是指大批挪威人到苏格兰去旅游购物。这个“invasion”因不是常义,故加引号,相当于汉语“所谓的入侵”的意思。

(二)标题的省略

for example:brazil dances to dazzling triumph 改成brazil dances to dazzling triumph of the world cup

(1)冠词省略

(2)联系动词省略

为了强调就会例外

(3)助动词常省略

表示一个时a不可省略例如

(4)标点的运用

用逗号代替and;

用冒号——所讲的话或出处、联系动词be;

分号——两层意思;

破折号——强调;

美国海军陆战队员下落不明。

(三)标题的时态

一般不用过去时,当然更不用过去完成时,而用现在时——造成新闻现在进行时。(journalistic present tense)一般采用:现在时、现在进行时和将来时

1.一般现在时通常用来表示过去发生的事

2.动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式表达

3.现在分词直接表示正在进行的动作或事件

(四)标题的语态

被动语态结构be+过去分词,但be通常被省略,也经常不用“by”引出动作的执行者,剩下的过去分词在标题中可以直接表示被动意思,切忌误解为该动词的过去式。

例1:van goghs recovered after theft

(van goghs are recovered after the theft)

例2:father jailed for murder of daughter

(father is jailed for the murder of his daughter)

比较以下两例——为什么

500 reported killed in korean building collapse

&

collapse claims 500 lives in korean

(五) 标题欣赏及汉译

(1)直译

例1looking back to looking ahead

例2american`s careening foreign policy 例3

obama catches office in white house as us president (2) 添加

hu to visit europe

wen`s visit a milestone in bilateral ties

(3)修辞

例after the boom everything is gloom

例liberty mother of invention

例accuser accused

例middle east: a cradle of terror?

例desperate need ,desperate deed

例2008: year of marco polo chic

例a vow to zip his lips

例?silent?office workers demand to be headed 例russian reform old wine in new bottle

(4)口语俗语

例iraq gets ok to sell $1.6 billion in oil

例japan wants talk, rk says no

例china is alive kicking

例taiwan economy slides

例wall street takes a dive

例soccer kicks off with violence

例grass-roots election flourishes

例china should give priority to “bottlenecks”例ballots, not bullets

例was dolly a mistake?

例can he do as deng?

例elegant and graceful

例catching the asian flu

例free fall

例the “sun” sets for the last time

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