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牛津译林版初中英语七年级下册全册知识点归纳总结

牛津译林版初中英语七年级下册全册知识点归纳总结
牛津译林版初中英语七年级下册全册知识点归纳总结

牛津译林版初中英语

七年级下册全册知识点归纳总结

Unit 1 Dream homes

一、重点词汇

国家->首都->语言->

1、Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie? 艾迪,你想住在宫殿里吗?

这里would like 是“想,想要”的意思,后面可以加名词或动词或动词不定式。如:

I’d like to go to the USA next year. 明年我想去美国。

2、I’d like to live next to a restaurant. 我想住在餐馆附近。

这里next to 是“附近,靠近的”的意思,相当于near。如:

The table is next to the window. 这张桌子在窗户旁。

3、Which country is this photo from, Amy? 艾米,这幅照片来自哪个国家?

这里be from 相当于come from, 是“来自……”的意思。如:

Where is Mr Black from? 布莱克先生来自于哪儿?

4、Is Tokyo the capital of Japan? 东京是日本的首都吗?

句型结构为:The capital of +国家is +首都。如:

The capital of the UK is London. 英国首都是伦敦。

[拓展]

(1)capital n. 省会

The capital of Jiangsu is Nanjing. 江苏省会是南京。

(2)capital n. 大写字母

We should write in a capital at the beginning of a sentence. 句子的开头我们应该用大写字母。(3)capital n. 资本,资金,资产

personal capital 个人资产

(4)capital adj. 顶好的,一流的

He came up with a capital idea. 他想好一个绝妙的主意。

5、I like the kitchen best. 我最喜欢厨房。

Like…best 意为“最喜欢……”,相当于like…most。如:

The girl likes playing the piano best/most. 这个女孩最喜欢弹钢琴。

What activity do you like best/most? 你喜欢什么活动?

6、I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和姐姐共用一个卧室。

这里share 的意思是“共同使用,共同分享”,通常用于以下结构:share sth with sb 表示“和某人共享某物”。如:

I share the computer with my brother. 我和我弟弟共用一台电脑。

7、I have my own bedroom and bathroom. 我有我自己的卧室和浴室。

own 在这里用作形容词,意为“自己的”,必须与物主代词连用。如:

Now ask the same questions about your own teacher.用同样的问题问一些关于你们老师的情况。

This book is my own. 这本书是我自己的。

[拓展]

own 用作动词时,意为“所有;拥有”。如:

Which of these would you most like to own? 这些东西,你最想拥有哪一个?

We don’t own our flat—we rent it. 我们自己没有房子——这是租的。

(1)of one’s own 自己做的;自己独有的

He has a room of his own. 他有自己专用的房间。

(2)on one’s own 单独,独自

I’ve been living on my own for four years now. 我已单独一人生活了四年了。

You can’t expect him to do it all on his own. 你不能期望他独自一人做它。

8、France has an area of over 260,000 square miles.

法国有超过260,000平方英里的面积。

(1)这里over意为“多于,超过”,相当于more than。如:

The whale can stay under the water for over a half hour but then it must come to the top for air.

鲸鱼能在水下停留半个小时,然后必须到水面上来吸气。

According to his count, there were over 3,000 people at the meeting.

按照他的计算,有3,000多人出席了会议。

(2)have an area of 意为“有……面积”如:

The town covers an area of ten square kilometers. 这个城镇的面积有10平方公里。

9、Hello. May I speak to Daniel, please? 喂。请问我可以和丹尼尔通话吗?

Hello. May/Can I speak to …, please? 是英语中打电话时常用的开场白,意为“请问,我能找某人接电话吗?”如果对方就是你要找的那个人,他/她通常会说Speaking.(我就是。)如:

-Hello! May/Could I speak to Mr Green, please? -你好!我能找格林先生接电话吗?

-Speaking./This is Mr Green speaking./Mr Green speaking. -我就是。

注意:用英语打电话时,询问对方是谁,不用Who are you? 而常用Who’s that?或者Who’s the (speaking?)(你是谁?),还可以说Is that…?(你是……吗?)。当需要自我介绍时可以说This is …(speaking).或者My name is …。

10、There is a football field in front of my house and a swimming pool beside it.

在我家房子的前面有一个足球场,在它的旁边的一个游泳池。

本句型是“There be +名词+介词短语”,意为“在某地有什么”,其中的be 必须与后面的名词在数上保持一致。如:

There is an MP3 on the desk. 桌子上有一只MP3。

There are two MP3s on the desk. 桌子上有二只MP3。

三、核心语法

基数词和序数词

英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。表示数目的词是基数;表示数目顺序的词是序数词。基数词的构成

(2)101~999之间的数词,在百位数hundred后应加and 。

教你巧学巧记(巧记100内的基数词)

基数词不难记,整十之后有-ty,找清规律容易,要说“几十几”,

二十以内词各异,中间“-”号莫忘记。十三到十九相同,后加-teen莫忘记。

Hundred是“一百”,请你记住莫大意。二十、三十……至九十。

读数的诀窍

有一首歌诀,可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。

从右向左三逗开,一逗千,二逗万,三逗就是十万万;左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。

1、“从右向左三逗开,”指从右向左把长数字每三位用逗号分开。如:10,234;225,689;61,564,023

2、“一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand);第二个逗号表示“百万”(million);第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。

3、“左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢”指读数时从左向右,每三位三位地按三位数的读法去读,遇到逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的哪个单词。如:

327;读作:three hundred and twenty-seven

508;读作:five hundred and eight

60,808;读作:sixty thousand, eight hundred and eight

1,234,567;读作:one million, two hundred and twenty-four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven 13,000,000,000;读作:thirteen billion

基数词的用法

1、在句子中的主要作用:

(1)作主语Two of then joined the army last year. 去年他们当中有两人参了军。

(2)作宾语Give her one, please. 请给她一个。

(3)作定语There are forty-eight students in their class. 他们班有四十八位学生。

(4)作表语She is only thirteen. 她只有十三岁。

2、基数词也可以表示顺序和编号,通常用数字表示,放在“房间”、“页”、“章”或“电话号码”等名词后面。如:

Room 406:读作:room four 0[] six 第406房间

Page 40:读作:page forty 第四十页

编号时,也可用序数词表示,如:the first lesson=Lesson One。

序数词的构成

序数词表示“次序”,用途广泛。基数词变为序数词绝大多数是直接加-th,也有少数变化是不规则的。虽然不规则的少,但同学们却最容易弄错。如把twelfth写成twelvety,把ninth写成nineth。记住下面的口诀可以帮助我们克服诸如此类的错误:

一二三,特别记(1)其余后加-th。八减t(2),九去e(3),f要将ve替(4)。Y变为ie,然后再加-th(5)。“几十几”面前要注意,个位序数要牢记(6)。

注意:(1)first, second, third 无规律,需要特别记。,

(2)eight的序数词,是去t再加-th,那eighth,读作[eit]。

(3)nine,要去e再加-th,即ninth。

(4)以ve结尾的基数词,five, twelve,要把ve变为f再加-th,即fifth, twelfth。

(5)“几十”是以y 结尾,先将y变为ie,再加-th 如twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth。

(6)“几十几”只将个位数变为序数词,十位数不变。如“第56”fifty-sixth, “第九十九”ninety-ninth。另外,序数词缩写时,作阿拉伯数字,后加序数词的最后两个字母构成。First=1st, eighth=8th, twenty-second=22nd, ninety-third=93rd。

序数词的用法:

1、作表数The first is better than the second. 第一个比第二个更好。

2、作宾语I like the third. 我喜欢第三个。

3、作定语Tell us something about the second day, please. 请给我们谈谈第二天的情况吧。

4、作表语Miss Green is always the first o get to the office. 格林小姐总是第一个到达办公室。

注意:序数词一般要加定冠词the, 但有时加不定冠词a(n),则表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。例如:He cast his net for a third time. 他又撒了一网(表示已经撒过两次)。

Unit 2 Neighbours 一、重点词汇

1、Where are you going? 你要到哪儿去?

go 可以用进行时态来表示将来的动作。如:He is going to Paris. 他要去巴黎了。

[拓展]

类似的词还有come, go, leave, move等。如:Look! The bus is coming. 看!公共汽车就快来了。I’m leaving. Bye! 我要走了,再见。

We’re moving to Beijing. 我们就要看搬到北京去了。

2、I’m going to visit our new neighbours. 我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。

be going to 表示将来,后接动词原形,be随主语而变化。be going to 句型一般指“经过计划安排之后准备做某事”。如:

Zhang Hua is going to study abroad next year. 张华明年准备出国留学。

She’s going to visit Nanjing this summer. 这个暑假她打算游览南京。

3、I’m afraid they won’t welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这样的旅客。

afraid 作形容词,意为“害怕的” ,常有以下几种用法:

①be afraid that… 表示“担心、恐怕”之意,是一种委婉的语气。如

We are all afraid that Jack can’t come here on time.我们都很担心杰克不能按时来。

②be afraid of sth/doing sth 表示“怕……;担心……”。如:

The little girl is afraid of going out at night. 这个小姑娘害怕在夜间外出。

③be afraid to do sth 表示“怕……”之意。如:

Isn’t he afraid to die? 难道他不怕死吗?

4、Most of them have 14 floors. 它们大多数有14层。

①most 作形容词,意为“大多数,在部分”,修饰名词。如:

Most students are good at Chinese. 大多数学生擅长汉语。

②most 作代词,意为“大多数,大部分”,此时可以和of搭配。但most of 后面若跟名词,名词前需要定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰;most of 后若跟代词,应该跟宾格。如:

Most of the people singing are women. 唱歌的人之中,大部分是妇女。

Most of them are teachers. 他们中的大多数是教师。

③most 作副词,意为“很;颇”,相当于very。

I like this magazine most. 我最喜欢这本杂志。

5、They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。

Help sb with sth 意为“帮助某人解决某种困难”,相当于help sb (to) do sth。如:

He often helps me with my maths. = He often helps me to learn maths. 他经常帮我学习数学。

[拓展]

help的常见短语:

①help sb with sth =意为“帮助某人做某事”。

②can’t/couldn’t help doing sth 意为“禁不住做某事”。如:She can’t he lp crying.她忍不住哭了。

③help oneself to … 意为“随便吃……”。如:

Help yourself to some fish, children. 孩子们,随便吃点鱼。

④help sb (to) do sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”。

I often help my mother to clean the room. 我经常帮助我的妈妈打扫房间。

6、There’s something wrong with m y computer. 我的电脑坏了。

Something 的基本意思是“某物,某事”,主要用于肯定句中,要否定句或疑问句中通常用anything。有时为了表示一种较肯定的意味或提出申请等,something也可用于非肯定句中。

注意:something用于主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,其相应的代词也用单数形式;something 有形容词修饰时,定语应后置。如:

Something is wrong with the TV. 这台电视出了毛病了。

I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事要告诉你。

Would you like something to eat? 你想要吃什么东西吗?

7、My cousin Annie’s bicycle is broken, so she’s going to ask someone to fix it.

我表妹安妮的自行车坏了,因此打算请人修它。

①本句是由并列连词so 连接的并列句,so意为“因此;所以”。如:

Jack was ill, so he didn’t go to school. 杰克病了,因此没有去上学。

②broken作形容词,意为“弄坏了的;伤残的”,broken 常用于器皿、玻璃、钟表等。如:

―What’s the time? ―什么时间了?

―I don’t know, my watch is broken. ―我不知道,我的表坏了。

I think the doorbell must be broken-I didn’t hear anything.

我想门铃一定是坏了-我没有听见任何声音。

③fix用作动词,意为“修理,使固定”,与repair同义。如:

Can this computer be fixed here? 这台电脑可以修吗?

I must get the MP5 fixed. 我必须找人把台MP5修理好。

8、You’re lucky to have a community cnetre like that, Simon.

西蒙,你很幸运能有像这样的社区。

lucky作形容词,意为“幸运的”,在句中常作定语和表语。它的名词形式为luck,它的副词形式为luckily。如:

I was lucky enough to meet Li Ping there . 我很幸运在那儿遇到李平。

He is really a lucky dog. 他真是个幸运的家伙。

Good luck! Best wishes! 祝你好运!

Luckily, Mr Zhang is here and can give you a hand. 好在张老师在这里,可以帮你一把。

9、That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是好主意。

①sound用作连系动词,意为“听起来”。sound like 意为“听起来像”。如:

That sounds good. 这话听起来很好。

How sweet her voice sounds! 她的声音多甜啊!

But it sounds like there is something wrong with the machine. 听起来好像这机器出了问题。The idea sounds like fun. 这个主意听起来很有趣。

②That’s a good idea. 适用于表示同意别人的建议。表示“那是个好主意。”、如:

―Let’s have a rest and find something to eat. ―让我休息一下,找点吃的吧!

―That’s a good idea. ―那是个好主意。

10、Please look at the information below. 请看下面的信息。

①information 是不可数名词,意为“信息”,a piece of information 意为“一条信息”。如:

Can you give me any information about the meeting? 你能给我提供这次会议的信息吗?

②below用作介词,意为“在……以下”。如:

At night, the temperature will fall below zero again. 在夜里温度将又下降到零度以下。

There stands a chair below the window. 窗户下有一把椅子。

below用作副词,意为“在下面;向下”。如:

See the note below. 看下面的注解。

The officer ordered them to go below. 军官命令他们下去。

11、They will make you feel better! 他们将使你感觉好些!

Better可以用作形容词或副词,它是good, well的比较级,意为“较好,更好”。如:

There must be a better way to do this. 一定有更好的方法做这件事。

He can speak English a lot better than I can. 他讲的英语比我好多了。

I think I like the red one better. 我想我更喜欢红色的那个。

12、Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?

你正担心穿什么去参加聚会或如何设计你的家吗?

①worry不及物动词,意为“担心;发愁”,常与about连用,表示“为……而担心”。如:

My parents often worry about my maths. 我父母经常担心我的数学。

[拓展]

worry作及物动词,意为“使……担心;使……发愁”。如:

His carelessness worries me. 他的粗心叫我担心。

[联想]

worry作形容词,意为“担心的;着急的”。如:

Don’t be worried about me . I will work hard. 别担心我,我会努力的。,

②what to wear to a party 穿什么去聚会;how to design your home如何设计你的家。它们是“疑问句+to+动词原因……”结构,在句中常用作宾语、主语或表语。如:

I don’t know how to get there. 我不知道如何到那儿。

The question is where to buy the dictionary. 问题是到哪儿去买这本字典。

三、核心语法

一般将来时

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况,它常常由助动词、情态动词和动词来构成。它常和表示将来时间的短语连用,如:tomorrow, next week, next month, the day after tomorrow, in the future, in a few days 等。

一般将来时的主要结构:will+动词原形;shall+动词原形;be going to +动词原形。

(1)will +动词原形

①在“will +动词原形”结构中,主语可以是第一、二、三人称。如:

You will fail the test if you don’t wor k hard. 假如你不努力学习,你就不会通过考试。

②有时既表示将来,也表示“意愿或意图”。如:

I will do it, if you like. 如果你喜欢,我就做。

(2)shall +动词原形

shall 常用于评语是第一人称(I, we)的句子中,表示将来,但这种将来常带有情态的意义,即带有说话人的主观态度和看法,既表示将来,也表示“预见”。如:

We shall know the result next week. 下周我们将知道结果。

(3)be going to +动词原形

①这一结构常常表示“打算做某事”。如:

Are you going to post this letter by air mail? 你打算用航空快递投寄这封信吗?

②另外,还可以表示预见,即“现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将要发生的某种情况”。如:

I feel to tired. I think I am going to be ill. 我感觉太累了。我想我可能要生病了。

Unit 3 Welcome to Sunshine Town

一、重点词汇

1、Welcome to Sunshine Town. 欢迎来到阳光镇。

(1)“Welcome to + 地点”表示’欢迎来到……!如:

Welcome to our school. 欢迎来到我们的学校来!

(2)welcome 后面如果接副词,则应省略介词to。如:

Welcome home/back. 欢迎回家/回来。

2、An old friend of mine is coming to visit me, hobo. 霍波,我的一位老朋友要来拜访我。

Is coming 是现在进行时,表示将要发生的动作。在英语中一些位移动词,如come, go, leave等可用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如:

―Lingling! Supper is ready. ―玲玲,晚饭准备好了。

―I’m coming, Mum. ―我就来,妈妈。

3、Is it enough for a tin dog food? 它(钱)够买一听狗食吗?

(1)be enough for 意为“对……足够了”。如:

It’s nig enough for ten thousand people. 它足够大可以容纳一万人。

(2)enough 作形容词时,放在所修饰的名词前或后均可,置于名词前面语气较强,主要表示数量、分量。如:

There is enough food/food enough for everybody. 食物够大家吃的。

(3)enough作副词时,用在所修饰的形容词、副词之后。如:

It is bright enough for reading. 挺亮的,可以看书了。

It is warm enough today. 今天相当暖和。

(4)a tin of dog food意为“一听狗食”。可以用于“a + … + of + 不可数名词”结构的名词还有piece, slice, cup, glass, bottle, bag等。如:

a piece of paper 一张纸 a slice of bread 一片面包(也可以用piece)a cup of tea 一杯茶 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶

a bottle of water 一瓶水 a bag of rice 一袋大米

4、Shall we take them to the cinema? 咱们带他们去看电影吗?

Shall we do sth? “咱们做某事吧?”是表示建议的句型。如:

Shall we play basketball together after school? 放学后咱们一起去打吧?

[拓展]

其他表示建议的句型小结:

①Let’s do sth “让我们做某事吧。”如:

Let’s go to the cinema tonight. 我们今天晚上一起去看电影吧!

②Why no do …? “为什么不……呢?”如:

Why not go swimming with me? 为什么不和我一起游泳呢?

③You’d better do/not do sth “你最好做/不做某事。”如:

You’d better ask your parents first. 你最好先问问你父母。

④sb sho uld do sth “某人应该做某事。”如:

You should go right now. 你应该马上去。

⑤How/What about …? “……怎么样?”如:

How/What about going shopping? 去购物怎么样?

⑥Why don’t you…? “为什么不……呢?” 如:

Why don’t you go swimming with me? 你为什么不和我一起去游泳呢?

5、Shall we invite them to have dinner with us? 咱们邀请他们和我们一起吃晚饭好吗?

(1)“invite sb to do sth” 意为“邀请某人做某事”。如:

He invited me to go camping. 他邀请我去露营。

Miss Green wants to invite Miss Gao to join the party. 格林小姐想邀请高小姐参加聚会。

(2)“invite sb to +地点/场合”意为“邀请某人去某处或某个场合”。如:

I’d like to invite you to my school. 我想邀请你到我的学校。

6、There ate lots of things to do in Sunshine Town. 在阳光镇有许多事情可做。

动词不定式to do在句中作things的定语,动词不定式在句中作定语且修饰名词或代词时,必须后置。如:

There are many good places to visit in our city. 我们的城市有许多好地方可以参观。

7、It takes only 40 minutes by underground. 乘地铁只需要40分钟。

这是一个省略句,补全应是“It takes only 40 minutes to get there by underground.”

It takes + (sb) some time + to do sth 是英语上一重要句型,意为“做某事需要花多少时间”。如:It takes me about two hours to drive from my home to Nanjing.

从我家开车去南京大约要两个小时。

It takes me about two hours to go to Beijing from Shanghai by plane.

乘飞机从上海到北京约需两个小时。

8、Beijing duck is very famous. 北京烤鸭很有名。

famous 作形容词,意为“著名的,出名的”。如:

Ayes Rock is very famous. 艾尔斯巨石非常有名。

The place a famous for its oil. 该地以盛产石油著称。

[拓展]

famous的搭配:

①be famous for 表示“以……而闻名/著称”,表示某人以某种知识、技能、作品或特征而出名,相当于be well known for. 如:

China is famous for its china. 中国以它的瓷器而出名。

②be famous as 意为“作为……而著名”。如:

Lang Lang is famous as a great pianist. 朗朗作为杰出的钢琴家而出名。

9、If you do not like Chinese food. There are some Western restaurants too.

如果你不喜欢中餐,也用一些西餐馆。

本句是一个含有if条件的状语从句的复合句,主句为there are some Western restaurants too, 从句为if you do not like Chinese food. 如:

We do not have to call him if you are here. 如果你在这里,我们就不必要给他打电话了。、

If we stay at home, my mother will be surprised, 如果我们待在家里,我妈妈将会很惊讶。

注意:在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时态或情态动词的句子,则从句要使用一般现在时。如:

We will go on a picnic if doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们会去野营。

10、We are looking forward to meeting you soon. 我们正渴望着不久见到你们。

Look forward to意为“期待;期望”,后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式,表示说话者十分希望实现某种愿望、目的。如:

All the children look forward to the Spring Festival. 所有的孩子都盼望过春节。

I’m look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望早日见到你。

11、Mr Wu is asking Amy which things belong to which people.

吴老师正在问艾米哪些东西是属于哪些人的。

belong to 意为“属于……”,后接某人或人称代词宾格。如:

This key ring belongs to me. 这个钥匙圈是我的。

China belongs to the third world. 中国属于第三世界。

注意:belong to 后不能使用名词所有格或物主代词,且belong to不可用于进行时。如:

这车属于她。

错:The car belongs to hers.

错:The car is belonging to her.

对:The car belongs to her.

12、There are many things to see here. 在这儿有许多东西可以看。

To see是动词不定式,在这里修饰名词things作定语。如:

I have much homework to do today. 我今天有许多家庭作业要做。

He has an article to write. 他有一篇文章要写。

I think this park is a wonderful place to play. 我想这公园是个好玩的地方。

13、I can smell the flowers and hear the birds. 我可以闻花香听鸟儿唱歌。

(1)smell 动词,意为“闻;嗅”,后接名词作宾语。如:

Smell it and tell me what it is. 你闻闻看,告诉我是什么。

(2)smell 还可以用连系动词,后常接形容词作表语。如:

Do these flowed smell sweet? 这花闻起来香吗?

(3)hear sb do sth 意为“听见某人做某事”。如:

I often hear her sing in the room. 我经常听见她在房间唱歌。

(4)hear sb doing 意为“听见某人在做(一个正在进行的动作)”。如:

I heard someone laughing in the room. 我听见隔壁房间里有人在笑。

三、核心语法

I、名词所有格

名词所有格一般是在名词后面加上“’s”意为“某某人的……”,为所属关系。名词所有格有“’s”,“of”

He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。

That watch of his is very nice. 他的手表很漂亮。

Unit 4 Finding your way

一、重点词汇

1、I think we have to go up again. 我想我们不得不再上去。

have to 意为“必须,不得不”,否定形式为don’t(doesn’t) have to,疑问形式为“Do(does)…have to …?”。如:

We have to finish the work before having supper. 我们必须在吃晚饭前完成这项工作。

I don’t have to practice the pian o on Sunday. 我不必在周日练钢琴。

―Do you have to practice the piano on Sunday? ―你不得不在周日练钢琴吗?

―Yes, I do./―No, I don’t. -是的,必须。/-不,不必要。

2、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine middle school. 阳光动物园在阳光中学的北面。

“A + be + 方位词+ of + B”结构用于描述A地在B在的某个方向。如:

The park ids west of my home. 公园就在我家的西边。

注意:此种结构中方位词前不加the,而在“in/on/to the + 方位词+ of”中,却要加the。如:China is in the east of Asia. 中国在亚洲的东部。

3、They like to eat bamboo and lie down all day long. 它们喜欢吃竹子,整天躺着。

(1)lie 为不及物动词,意思中“平躺”、“位于”、“说谎”。例如:

After supper he likes lying on his chair. 吃过晚饭他喜欢躺在椅子上。

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国的东南。

We don’t like a person who often lies. 我们不喜欢经常说谎的人。

注意:lie的现代分词是lying。

(2)all day long的意思是“整天”,亦可以说all day around。类似的还有all year long/around(全年)。例如:It’s not too hot or cold in Kunming al year long. 昆明全年既不太热也不太冷。

4、Go straight on, and you’ll find the Panda House. 一直往前走,你就将看到熊猫馆。

(1)go on 表示“继续(说/做)下去”。常用结构为:go on doing继续做(未做完的事,中间无间断);go on to do 接着做(做完某事,接着干另外一件事)。如:

Go on writing, please. 请继续写下去。

We have finishe d Unit 5. Let’s go on to learn Unit 6.

我们已经学完了第5单元,让我们继续学习第6单元。

(2)straight 用作副词,意为“径直;直接地”。如:

They stood straight. 他们站得笔直。

Walk straight on and you’ll see the traffic lights. 一直走你将看到红绿灯。

Go straight down the road, you’ll find the post office. 沿着这条路一直向前,你会找到邮局。5、Walk along the road. 沿着这条路走。

(1)along 用作介词,意为“沿着;顺着”,相当于down。如:

The train station is along that road, on the left. 火车站在那条路的左边。

Walk along the road and take the third turning on the right.沿着公路走,在第三个转变处向右拐。(2)along 用作副词,意为“向前”,常与表示运动的动词go, come, move等连用,表示向前移动。如:Come straight along here. 直接到这儿来。Come along. 来吧,跟我来吧。

6、Remember that they’re dangerous. 记住它们是危险的。

(1)remember动词,意为“记得、记住”,反义词是forget。后面可接名词和代词或从句。如:Do you remember her? 你还记得她吗?

Did the girl remember you name? 那个女孩还记得你的名字吗?

(2)remember to do sth意为“记得去做某事”,该事没有做;remember doing sth意为“记得曾做过某事”,该事已经做了。如:

Remember to turn off the lights when you leave. 当你离开时要记得关好灯。

I remember telling you about this. 我记得告诉过你那件事。

7、Cross the bridge, and you’ll see the elephants. 过桥,你就会看到大象。

(1)本句属于“祈使句+ and + 简单句”的句型。它可以转成含有if条件状语从句的复合句。本句=if you cross the bridge, you’ll see the elephants. 如:

Work hard, and you will pass the exam. = if you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.

如果你努力学习,你就会考试及格。

(2)cross作动词,意为“越过;穿过;渡过”。如:

It’s dangerous to cross the street when the traffic can go.

当车辆能够通行时,穿越马路是很危险的。

(3)cross用作动词,还可意为“使交叉;使相交”。如:

The street crosses the railroad tracks. 这条街与铁轨相交。

8、The sign is over the bench. 指示牌在长椅的上面。

(1)above用作介词,意为“在……之上”。如:

The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime. 白天的温度将保持在零度以上。

It weights above 10 tons. 这东西有10吨多重。

Mr white is above eighty. 怀特先生80多岁了。

(2)above用作副词,意为“在上方”。如:

Her bedroom is just above. 她的卧室就在上面。

9、Take the second turning on the right. 在第二个拐角处右拐。

本句中的“take + the + 序数词+ turning on the left/right”意为“在第……个拐弯处向左/右拐”,其同义结构为“turn left/right + at + the + 序数词+ turning”。如:

Walk/Go along the street, take the second turning on the left. =Walk along the street, turn left at the second turning. 沿着这条街往前走,在第二个拐弯处向左拐。

10、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.

我们的父母将为我们准备足够的食品和饮料。

(1)prepare作动词,意为“准备;预备”。常用短语有:prepare for sth为……做好准备;prepare sth (for sb)(为某人)准备某事;prepare to do sth准备做某事;prepare sth准备(好)……。

如:We must prepare the room for the meeting. 我们必须为会议准备好房间。

(2)plenty作名词,意为“丰富,大量,充分”,它是不可数名词,只用于肯定句中。如:

―Would you like some more? ―再来点儿吗?

―No, thanks, I have had plenty. ―谢谢,不要了,足够了。

[拓展]

plenty of 意为“大量,足够”,前面没有不定冠词,它既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。如:There’s plenty of time/money. 有充足的钱。There are plenty of books. 有充足的书。

三、核心语法

I冠词的用法

冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的意思。冠词分定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。a, an是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前,如:a dog, a bottle; an用在元音音素之前,如: an egg, an apple等。The是定冠词,可用在单数或复数名词前。

介词通常用于名词、代词或名词词组之前,表示事物之间的关系,方位介词属于其中的一种,用来表示方位和地点。常见的方位的介词有:at, in ,above, below, over, under, on, in front of, behind, beside, next to, between, among, opposite等。

下面我们分别来学习它们的用法:

(1)at, in

作为方位介词,at后面通常加小地方,in后面通常加大地方。如:

He arrives at school at seven every day. 他每天七点钟到达学校。

(2)above, below, over, under, on

above和over表示“在……上面”,通常没有接触面;它们的反义词分别是below和under,都表示“在……”on是指在某物体的上面,一般有接触面。如:

There is a wooden bridge over the swimming pool. 游泳池上有一座木桥。

My football is under the bed. 我的足球在床底下。

(3)in front of, behind

In front of是指“在……前面”,behind是指“在……后面”。如:

Jim sits in front of her. 吉姆坐在她的前面。

(4)beside, next to

这两个单词都表示“在附近,在旁边”,用法相同。如:

Would you like to sit beside/next to me? 你愿意坐在我的边上吗?

(5)between, among

between和among都表示“在……之间”,但between指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上的之间。如:

I found this dictionary among these books. 我在这些书之中找到了这本词典。

Unit 5 Amazing things

一、重点词汇

1、Come on, Eddie. 得啦,埃迪。

(1)句中come on通常用来指责对方所说的话不对,意为“得啦;算了吧”。如:

―It’ll take at least two hours to do this. ―做这件事至少要花二个小时。

―Oh, come on! I could do it in 25 minutes. ―哦,得啦!我只要25分钟就可以做完。

(2)come on还可以用来催促对方或鼓励对方,意为“来吧;赶快;加油”。如:

Come on! We are going to be late for the meeting. 快点,我们开会要迟到了。

2、The world is full of amazing things. 世界充满着令人吃惊的东西。

(1)full作形容词,意为:“完整的;完全的;满的;吃饱的”。如:

Please tell me the full story. 请将全部情况告诉我。

The bottle is full of wine. 这瓶子装满了酒。

(2)be full of意为“装满;充满”。相当于be filled with。如:

My box is full of books.=My box is filled with books.我的包里装满了书。

3、Fish sleep with their eyes open. 鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。

句中的keep their eyes open属于“keep + 名词+形容词”的结构。Open是形容词,作their eyes的宾语补足语。如:Please keep our classroom clear and tidy. 请保持教室干净整洁。

4、Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.

我们的眼睛从出生时就一样大,但我们的鼻子和耳朵从没有停止长大。

(1)th e same…as意为“和……一样”。如:

She is the same age as you. 他和你同岁。

[拓展]

be different from意为“和……不同”。如:

My MP4 is different from my sister’s. 我的MP4和我的姐姐的不同。

His idea was quite different from mine. 他的主意和我的很不一样。

(2)stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。如:

We stopped talking when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师走进教室时,我们停止了讲话。

5、Isn’t that amazing? 这难道不是令人吃惊的吗?

本句是否定形式的一般疑问句,用于反问或希望得到肯定的问答。如:

Isn’t he a good boy? 难道他不是一个好孩子吗?

Aren’t they good friends? 难道他们不是好朋友吗?

6、They turned around but saw nothing. 他们转过身来,但什么也没有看到。

(1)本句是but连接的并列句,but表转折。如:

He is clever but he doesn’t work hard. 他很聪明,但不勤奋。

(2)turn around意为“转身”。如:

I turned around and looked at the man angrily. 我转过身生气地看着那个男人。

7、On their way home, they met Andy. 在他们回家的路上,他们遇到了安迪。

(1)way作名词,意为“路;路线”,the way to表示“去某地的路”。如:

Can you tell me the way to the library? 请问去图书馆怎么走?

(2)way还可意为“方法;方式;方向;路程”等。如:

Use your hear, then you’ll find a way. 动动你的脑筋,你就会找出办法来的。

Come this way. 往这边走。

8、“What happened?”Andy asked. “发生了什么?”安迪问。

Happen是不及物动词,意为“(偶然)发生”。如:

The story happened in London. 这个故事发生在伦敦。

[拓展]

sth happen to sb 意为“某人发生某事”。如:

She looked sad. What happened to her? 她看起来很伤心。她怎么啦?

9、He searched the bushes. 他搜查灌木丛。

(1)search用作及物动词,意为“搜查;搜寻;搜索”,其宾语可以是房屋、人身、衣服等名词。如:The police searched every room in the house. 警方搜查了那个房子的所有房间。

(2)search用作不及物动词,常和介词for连用,意为“到处寻找”,相当于look for。

The police are searching for his clothes. 警方正在搜寻他的衣服。

10、When it miaowed, it made a sound like a whisper. 当它叫时,发出像耳语的声音。

这是一个由when的时间状语从句,主句是it made a sound like a whisper。

注意:当主句是一般将来时的时候,时间从句要用一般现在时态。如:

I will go home when I finish my work. 我完成了工作就回家。

11、Andy picked up the little cat and went to find Millie and Any.

安迪捡起那只小猫去找米莉和艾米。

(1)pick up 意为“捡起,拾起”,它是“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,当有名词作宾语时,名词的位置可位于副词的后面,也可位于副词的前面;但当有代词作宾语时,代词只能位于副词的前面。如:

He picked up the letter and read it. =He picked the letter up and read it. 他捡起那封信读了。

The phone rang and I picked it up. 电话响了,我接起了它。

(2)Pick up还可意为“(用车)接”。如:

A car picked us up at 7 at the hotel. 一辆车7点钟到饭店来接我们。

12、What else? 还有别的什么吗?

else作形容词,意为“别的;其他的”,常用于疑问词what, who, where 等和不定代词something, anything, nothing, someone, anyone等之后,表示强调,语气较为强烈。如:

Who else will you go with? 你还要和谁一起去?

I have something else to tell you. 我还有别的话要告诉你。

13、It is very interesting that camels can live without water for a long time.

没有水,骆驼能生活很长时间很有趣。

without 介词,意为“没有;无”,后接名词、代词宾格或动词-ing形式。如:

He went to bed without his supper. 他没吃晚饭就上床睡了。

I can’t speak English without making mistakes. 我说英语不可能没有错误。

Without water, nothing could live. 没有水,什么也活不了。

14、Sandwich got its name from a man called the Fourth Earl of Sandwich.

三明治因一个叫三维治伯爵四世的人而得名。

a man called…意为“一个名叫……的人”,此处called是过去分词在句中作定语。如:

I like the boy called/named Tony. 我喜欢那个叫托尼的男孩。

三、核心语法

一般过去时(I)

I、一般过去时的基本用法

1、带有确定的过去时间状语如:yesterday, yesterday morning, two days ago, last year, the other day (前几天),once upon a time, just now, in the old days(过去的日子里)等时要用过去时。如:Did you have a party the other day? 前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?

2、表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去时间的状语,而是通过上下文表示。如:

First I finished my homework. Then I played the piano. Next I watered the plants. After that, I watched a film on TV with my father. 首先我完成了作业,接着我弹了钢琴,然后给植物浇了水,那以后我和父亲在电视上看了一部电影。

3、表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always, never连用。如:

Mrs Green always carried an umbrella. 格林太太过去老是带着一把伞。(说明也过去的动作,不表明她现在是否带着伞)

II、动词过去式的构成规则

(1)规则动词的过去式的构成

①在动词原形后直接加ed。如:listen―listened open―opened finish―finished

牛津译林版七年级英语上册第一单元知识点汇总

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苏教版译林牛津初中英语语法总结初一初二

补充:1.句子的构成 初中一年级上语法 ,on,at表示时间的应用 in +parts of day(evening,morning,etc) /month/season/year on + day (Sunday, etc)/date(1 July,etc)/parts of a special day( Sunday morning)/special holidays(Children’s Day) at + time of day (seven o’clock)/ age(6 years old) 2.频率副词 never, seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always 3.疑问副词的用法 what,which,who,whose,when,why,how 4.可数名词与不可数名词 和any的用法 be句型 7.现在进行时及动词+ing的用法 初中一年级下语法 1.序数词与基数词 2.一般将来时:will与shall、be going to 3.名词所有格 名字+’s,mine,yours,ours,theirs,his,hers,its 4.冠词a,an, the的用法 5.表示方位的介词 In front of, behind,inside,outside,above,below,over,under 6.一般过去式及过去分词+ed的用法 ,could,may的用法 和How开头的感叹句 9形容词的用法,在句子中的位置 10.不定代词的用法 Somebody, someone, something Anybody, anyone, anything Nobody, no one, nothing Everybody, everyone, everthing 初中二年级上语法 1.比较级、最高级的用法 than作为比较级、the+最高级的用法 +er 及+est 的用法,most+形容词表示最高级 2. more…than, fewer….than,less..than, the most, the fewest, the least的用法 3. as…as的用法 4.反身代词的用法 Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 5.祈使句的用法 肯定:Open the door.

初中英语知识点总结

初中复习资料 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句39 be going to + v(原)将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表**的缩写eg: 陶is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as … 和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 78 between…and… 两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 82 by the end of 到……为止83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进 88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗? 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?92 dance to 随着……跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意…… 99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢102 escape from 从……逃跑103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了

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