助动词和情态助动词
一、Multiple Choice (中)
1."Must I attend the meeting tomorrow?" "No, you ____if you are busy.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. can't
D. shouldn't
2. "Do we have to clean the classroom every day?" "Y es, you_____."
A. must
B. need
C. can
D. may
3. Let us do it for you, ______you?
A. can
B. will
C. shall
D. may
4. "I stayed up late last night to finish my term paper. "
"Y ou ______exhausted and feel sleepy. "
A. must be
B. should be
C. could be
D. may be
5. “Do you thin k the restaurant is still open?”
“It _______. I can't remember their business hours.”
A. must be
B. has to be
C. could be
D. ought to be
6. The TV is still on in the living room at this time of the night. Y ou ______to turn it off when you went to the bathroom.
A. must forget
B. could forget
C. may forget
D. must have forgotten
7. "Excuse me. Could you tell me which bus I should take to get to the Art Gallery?"
"I am not sure. Bus No. 50 _______there. Y ou'd better ask the driver or conductor. "
A. must go
B. may go
C. might go
D. should go
8. Someone is knocking at the door. It _______Jack. He laid that he would come to see me at five.
A. must be
B. may be
C. should be
D. has to be
9. While we are playing here we _______quiet, because Grandma ______in the next room.
A. must be. . . might be sleeping
B. have to be. .. might be sleeping
C. will be. . . must be sleeping
D.must be ... might have slept
10. It is said that it is going to rain tomorrow. But the forecast ______ wrong. Even the meteorologists ______mistakes.
A. could be... might make
B. can be ... may make
C. must be.. . might make
D. may be. . . could make
11. Y ou _______take your overcoat with you when you go to Guangzhou. It is mild there. But you should take your raincoat or umbrella; it ______rain any time.
A. needn't.. . could
B. don't have to. .. must
C. mustn't. . . might
D. shouldn't. . . can
12. In the United States, you ______buckle up if you sit in the front seat, or I will get a ticket and be fined.
A. must
B. should
C. can
D. may
13. Y ou _______take your textbooks when you come to the school, or how ______you have your lessons?
A. ought to… could
B. must . . . may
C. needn't . . . might
D. can ... may
14. Y ou ______ lessons for the driving test; you _____how to drive all by yourself.
A. ought to take. . . can't learn
B. must take . . . can't learn
C. need take.. . mustn't
D. would take.. . shouldn't
15. He _____________cheating when he did his examination. He will be expelled from school.
A. shouldn't start
B. shouldn't have started
C. mustn't start
D. mustn't have started
16. He ______cheating after the first warning.
A. should stop
B. must stop
C. has to stop
D. should have stopped
17. She _______a doctor when she was running a fever several days ago. Now she is seriously ill and
______ recover within a short time.
A. could have seen... couldn't
B. should have seen... couldn't
C. should have seen. . . won't
D. might have seen. . . won't
18.I sprained my ankle yesterday. I _______ down from the table.
A. shouldn't jump
B. shouldn't have jumped
C. mustn't jump
D. mustn't have jumped
19. Y ou ______stay at home. It is freezing cold outside.
A. had better
B. have to
C. must
D. should
20.I don't have enough money to go home by taxi. I ____ take a bus. It costs very little.
A. should
B. ought to
C. need
D. had better
21. No sooner ______he come back to his office than he ____to go to Shanghai on a business trip again..
A. has. . . is asked
B. had. . . was asked
C. had ... were asked
D. had. . . would be asked
22. ______go to the opera with us tonight?
A. Will you like to
B. Would you like to
C. Do you like to
D. Can you like to
23. I'm sorry, but I had no other way out. I ______ sell my house to pay for my son's tuition and boarding at the college.
A. have to
B. had to
C. must
D. ought to
24. I ______live in the suburbs than in the city proper.
A. have to
B. had better
C. would rather
D. would like to
25. I didn't see him at the meeting yesterday afternoon. He _____it.
A. cannot have attended
B. may not have attended
C. must not have attended
D. would not have attended
26. They ______so much noise in the corridor while the lecture is going on.
A. don't make
B. shouldn't make
C. won't make
D. needn't
27. Brian got his Ph. D. at 23. He ______very intelligent and hard-working.
A. must be
B. must have been
C. would be
D. would have been
28. She is quite incompetent! She _____________ typing the report yesterday.
A. should finish
B. must finish
C. must have finished
D. should have finished
29. When we got to the station, the train had not arrived yet; so we ______.
A. needn't hurry
B. didn't need to hurry
C. needn't have hurried
D. needed not to hurry.
29. Y ou ______how excited and happy he was when his name was announced as a candidate for
the new position.
A. should see
B. would see
C. should have seen
D. would have seen
30. He ______the consequences he would possibly have taken when he committed embezzlement.
A. should have known
B. would have known
C. must have known
D. might have known
31. Y ou ______ the conclusion of the important business transaction yesterday if you were serious
about it.
A. ought to have attended
B. ought to attend
C. ought to be attending
D. ought have attended
32. " Must he bring the signed agreement and all the necessary |documents to the court during the
trial? ""Yes, he ______".
A. must
B. should
C. ought to
D. would have to
33. If you travel to Washington, you ______make a reservation by phone in advance.
A. must
B. should
C. had better
D. ought to
34. I _____________invite the trouble-maker to the party if you have no objection.
A. would rather not
B. would not rather
C. rather would not
D. rather not would
35. With her only child lying in bed seriously ill, she _____to the theatre last night.
A. mustn't go
B. shouldn't go
C. shouldn't have gone
D. wouldn't have gone
36. I have to take my notebook along during any business travel so that I ______communicate
with my business partners wherever I go.
A. can
B. must
C. have to
D. might
37. I haven't decided whether I will go to my native village for a visit during the Spring Holidays.
In case I ______go, I______ buy some gifts for my relatives and friends.
A. shall. . . . will have to
B. should. .... will have to
C. will go. .... shall have to
D. should. . . must
38. Y ou ______let the boy always have his own way, or he ______no longer listen to you.
A. shouldn't. ..... will
B. mustn't. . .. will
C. needn't. . . . would
D. can't. .... would
39. This car of yours often breaks down. Y ou had better ______a new one.
A. bought
B. buy
C. to buy
D. buying
40. We _______ found a company of our own with the capital instead of investing our money in other people's corporations.
A. can as well
B. may as well
C. could as well
D. as well
41. John was riding a bicycle in the center of the street when he was hit by a truck. He ______ in
the special lane for bicycles.
A. should ride
B. ought to ride
C. should have ridden
D. must have ridden
42. Y ou are suffering from hypertension and hepatitis. Y ou____ so much fat meat.
A. shouldn't have eaten
B. shouldn't eat
C. mustn't eat
D. needn't eat
43. Y ou _______out without putting on your fur coat. It was 30°C below zero.
A. shouldn't go
B. oughtn't to go
C. shouldn't have gone
D. couldn't have gone
44. The book _______ be finished by the end of next month according to the contract.
A. has to
B. must
C. should
D. shall
45. How ______you take my money and go gambling?
A. dared
B. dare
C. could
D. can
46.I ______________ play football when I was young. Now I am too old for that.
A. used to
B. was used to
C. used
D. would use to
47. There _______many vendors in the streets peddling heir goods. Now you can hardly see a single one.
A. were using
B. were used to be
C. used to be
D. had used to be
48. "_______I report this clue to the police?" " I think you ______. "
A. Must... must
B. Do... must
C. May. . . can
D. May. . . must
49. Y ou _______get up too early. The train will leave at 9:00 tomorrow morning.
A. don't have to
B. needn't have to
C. haven't to
D. won't have to
50. To be a good salesclerk, you _______be rude to any customer.
A. mustn't
B. don't have to
C. needn't
D. can't
51. I have already finished all my homework, so I _____ study tonight. I can do some reading.
A. won't have to
B. don't have to
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
##
一、Multiple Choice
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. B
22. B
23. A
24. C
25. A
26. B
27. B
28. C
29. C
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. D
34. A
35. C
36. A
37. B
38. A
39. B
40. B
41. C
42. B
43. C
44. D
45. B
46. A
47. C
48. A
49. A
50. A
51. B
无敌英语语法：（P.201）
一、Multiple Choice （易）
1. ____new thing under the sun.
A. There is no
B. There is nothing
C. There is not
D. There can’t be
2. They are all_____.
A. die and go
B. dead and go
C. dead and go
D. die and gone
3. _____leave this evening.
A. Meg will have got to
B. Meg have got
C. Meg will have to
D. Meg’s to
4. _____to go with you?
A. Do I have got
B. Have I got
C. Don’t I have got
D. Will I have got
5. He ____any money with him.
A. hasn’t
B. isn’t having
C. has no
D. had no
6. Andy ________ attend the meeting.
A. hadn’t got to
B. didn’t have got to
C. hadn’t to
D. won’t have got to
7. –He’s from Latin American, isn’t he?
--____.
A. Yes, he is.
B. Y es, he’s
C. Y es, he has
D. Y es, he does
8. Who ____ you so?
A. does tell
B. told
C. do you think tell
D. did tell
9. I think he doesn't smoke, but he ____.
A. do smoke
B. did smoked
C. does smoke
D. does smoked
10. ____, but he offered help.
A. Not only he agrees
B. He not only agrees
C. Not only did he agrees
D. Not only did he agree
11. ____ noisy, why don' t you be quiet.' ____ quiet?
A. Not to be/To be
B. Not be/Be
C. Don' t be /Do be
D. Y ou are not /Y ou are
12. Mother ____ the dishes right after supper.
A. do
B. makes
C. did
D. made
13. If we don' t book seats soon, we ____ into the theatre.
A. are not capable of getting
B. shan't be able to get
C. couldn't get
D. won' t able to get
14. A house in London ____ cost a lot of money.
A. can
B. should
C. is able to
D. ought
15. Though the boy ____ read, he ____ read this letter.
A. could/was not able to
B. was able to /could’t
C. could /could
D. was able to /was not able to
16. This game____ played by young and old.
A. could not
B. can be
C. is able to be
D. was able to be
17. The weather forecast says it ____ probably be fine tomorrow.
A. shall
B. should
C. would
D. can
18. He ____ be anything like as old as that.
A. won't
B. shouldn't
C. can't
D. mustn't
19. When he had a problem to solve, he ____ work at it until he found an answer.
A. will
B. shall
C. should
D. would
20. The car ____ start.
A. wouldn't
B. mustn't
C. couldn't
D. mightn't
21. If we miss the last bus, we ____ to walk .
A. shall have got
B. must have got
C. shall have
D. may have got
22. We ____ leave so soon. The show doesn' t start till eight.
A. needn't
B. needn' t to
C. don' t need
D. didn' t need
23. Y ou____ such a long essay. The teacher only asked for 300 words.
A. needn't have writtten
B. needn' t to write
C. didn' t need to write
D. don' t need write
24. I don' t know where Jane is. She ____ at home.
A. could be
B. can be
C. would be
D. ought to be
25. Tony' s light are out. He ____ to sleep.
A. should have gone
B. could have gone
C. must go
D. must have gone
26. Mara didn' t come to class yesterday. She ____ an accident.
A. may have
B. may have had
C. could have
D. has had
27. John didn't do his homework. He ____ his homework.
A. must have done
B. may have done
C. should have done
D. ought have done.
28. Henry' s car stopped on the high way. It ____ out of gas.
A. may have run
B. may run
C. should have run
D. can' t have run
29. George ____ Tom' s address.
A. might know
B. might have known
C. should have known
D. can have known
30. It ____ too difficult to get over the problem.
A. shouldn't have been
B. shouldn't be
C. can't have been
D. shall not
##
一、Multiple Choice
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. D
20. A
21. C
22. A
23. A
24. A
25. D
26. B
27. C
28. A
29. A
30. B
四级真题：(P.208)
一、Multiple Choice （难）
1. He must have had an accident, or he ____ then.
A. would have been here
B. had to be here
C. should be here
D. would be here
2. We didn 'I know his telephone number; otherwise we ____ him.
A. could have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C. would telephoned
D. had telephoned
3. Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class; she ____ have studied very hard.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. ought to
4. With all this work on hand, he ____to the cinema last night.
A. mustn't go
B. wouldn't go
C. oughtn't go
D. shouldn't have gone
5. Y ou ____ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. needn't have done
B. must not have done
C. shouldn' t have done
D. can not have done
6. Y ou ____ her in her office last Friday; she has been out of town for two weeks.
A. needn't have seen
B. must have seen
C. might have seen
D. can' t have seen
7. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.
A. can't have been
B. shouldn't have been
C. mustn't have been
D. wouldn't have been
8. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we thin __.
A. ought to be said
B. must say
C. have to be said
D. need to say
9. This box is too heavy.____ give me a hand?
A. Would you mind
B. Would you please
C. Will you like to
D. Will you please to
10. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you ____ it.
A. mustn't have done
B. wouldn't have done
C. mightn't have done
D. didn't have to do
11. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ____ during the day-
A. should have done
B. would have done
C. may have done
D. must have done
12. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but the) decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make
B. should have made
C. would make
D. could have made
13. Y ou ____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't follow
B. mustn't follow
C. couldn't have been following
D. shouldn't have been following
14. The boy spent as much time watching TV as he ____ studying.
A. does
B. had
C. was
D. did
15. Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner ____ at the very moment of the crash.
A. should have died
B. must be dying
C. must have died
D. ought to die
16. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He ____ have driven so fast.
A. can't
B. wouldn't
C. shouldn't
D. mustn't
17. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise, he ____ by then.
A. would have arrived
B. must have arrived
C. should arrive
D. would arrive
18. Mary ____ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. had received
B. ought to have received
C. couldn't have received
D. shouldn't have received
19. The board deemed it urgent that those files ____ right away.
A. had to be printed
B. should have been printed
C. must be printed
D. should be printed
20. My pain ____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically "Are you feeling all right ?"
A. must be
B. had been
C. must have been
D. had to be
21. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.
A. needn't dress up
B. didn't need have dressed up
C. did not need dress up
D. needn't have dressed up
22. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____ avoided.
A. is to be
B. can be
C. will be
D. has been
##
一、Multiple Choice
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. D
13. D
15. C
16. C
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. C
21. D
22. A
一、Error Identification (易)
1) I regret having left the work unfinished: I should plan everything ahead carefully.
A B C D
2) For him to be reelected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but that the public believe
A B C
that it is.
D
##
一、Error Identification
1. C
2. D
一、Translation
1．他也许在做家庭作业。
2．她可能忘了给我回电。
3．请问你能借给我5磅钱吗？
4．我不知道现在是否可以离开。
5．今晚也许会下雨。
6．老汤姆也许已经离开San Diego.
7．假如明天下雨，足球赛将延期举行。
8．你应该照他说的去做。
9．你如果改变主意，请告诉我。
10．他竟出了事故，真让我吃惊。
11．我跟你一起去，好吗？
12．你不可以再跟她顶嘴。
13．你不可以再违反交通规则了。
14．他一定已在山里迷路了。
15．你不必去看她。
16．你本来不必给她写信。
17．你本应该帮她一把。
18．如果你愿意调换这辆车子，我很感谢。
19．请把门关上。
20．她本不应该买下那栋房子。
21．真怪，她竟说出那种话。
22．别给他打电话，估计他在睡午觉。
23．别给他写信，估计他还没有到家。
24．别打搅他，我估计他一定已经听到这消息了。
25．狮子只有饿了才会攻击人。
26．毕业后你打算做什么？
27．玛丽现在该到家了。
28．你本不该买辆新车。
29．他曾在上海工作，可现在不知去向。
30．你怎么竟敢在校长面前说那种话？
一、Translation
1. He may be doing his homework.
2. She may have forgotton to call me back.
3. Could you lend me 5 pounds until tomorrow?
4. I wonder if I could leave now.
5. It might rain this evening.
6. Old Tom might have left San Diego.
7. If it should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
8. Y ou should do as he says.
9. If you should change your mind, please let me know.
10. I’m surprised that he should have an accident.
11. Shall I go with you?
12. Y ou shan’t answer her back again.
13. Y ou mustn’t violate the traffic regulations again.
14. He must have got lost in the mountains.
15. Y ou needn’t go and see him.
16. Y ou needn’t have written to her.
17. Y ou should have helped her.
18. If you would change this car, I should be very grateful.
19. Would you mind shutting the door?
20. She shouldn’t have bought that house.
21. It’s odd that she should say that.
22. Don’t call him. He’ll be taking a nap.
23. Don’t write to him. He won’t be home now.
24. Don’t bother him. He will have heard the news.
25. A lion will attack people only when hungry.
26. What will you do after graduation?
27. Mary ought to be home by now.
28. Y ou oughtn’t to have bought a new car.
29. He used to work in Shanghai, but now he is nowhere to be found.
30. How dare you say that in the presence of the principal?
目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can，may，must (3) 3 Will you～？和Shall I（we）～？ (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)
1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中，助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词，同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同，它有词义，但它也和助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 （×）She cans swim well. （×）She can swims well. （○）She can swim well. （○）She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数（例如she）can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时，即使主语是第三人称单数，也不能在一般动词（例如swim）上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be（am，are，is，was，were，been，being） 它与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态（参见第九章），与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态（参见第十三章）。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have（has，had，having） 它与过去分词结合，构成完成时态（参见第十一章）。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall（should），will（would）
助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. （10北京） A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? （10江西） A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man （10安徽） A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. （10山东） A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. （10辽宁） A．can B．will C．must D．may 6．Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.
be 动词、助动词、情态动词讲解（基础篇） 1、 用单数，反之用复数。 ◆ 句中含有be动词时： 肯定句：主语＋be ＋其他 否定句：主语＋be ＋not ＋其他 一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋其他＋？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词(what / who / when / where)＋be ＋主语＋其 他＋？ I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be 动词用法歌： 我用am，你用are，is 连接他她它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be 后not 莫忘记； 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be 动词作谓语，它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。她个子很高。 她在教室里。她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”，即，我们常说的“主语+ 谓语+ 其他” 。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时：肯定句：I / We / They / The students
＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We watch TV every night. 变否定：主语＋don't ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We don't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句Do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don 't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ How often do you watch TV? ②主语为单数名词或代词时：肯定句：主语+ 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他+ 。 He watches TV every night. 否定句：主语+ doesn't+动词原形+其他+。 He doesn't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句：Does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Does he watch TV every night? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ How often does he watch TV? ★主语为单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数第三人称，反过来，看见动词用了单数第三人称，可以推知主语是单数或不可数名词。 ( )1. How __ ______ your dad help at home? A. do B. does C. is ( )2. ______ goes bad easily in summer. A. Milk B Apples C. Cakes ③过去时的句式（当句子时态为过去时时，动词用过去式，不受主语单复数的影响） 肯定句：主语+ 过去式+ 其他+ 。 He / We got up early every morning last year. 否定句：主语+ didn't + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。 He / We didn't get up early every morning last year. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ？ Did he / you get up early every morning last year? Yes, he
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
英语助动词和情态动词及练习 一、概述 不同的时态（一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式），不同的语态（主动、被动），不同的语气（祈使、陈述、虚拟），不同的结构（肯定、否定、疑问），以及说话者本身的态度或命令、请求、愿望、可能等，所有这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来。助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词，除非省略句中。他们只参加时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构。情态动词有词义，可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度。主要的助动词和情态动词如下表： 二、助动词 助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法 （1） be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？ She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。 （2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。 （3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况： ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀？ I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 ②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 ③表示义务、责任等，同should。 You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。 What is to be done?该干什么。 ④表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。 Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 ⑥用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？ What am I to do? 我该怎么办？ 2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法 （1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时
七年级英语双休日作业 班级：姓名：等级 英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am，is，are构成的句子： 变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。 变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如： 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句：We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句：We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句：Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.
注意：变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变： 如将some改为any，too和also改为either，and改为or等：There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也 不喜欢跳舞。补充练习： 根据句后括号内的要求，填入句中所缺的词： 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.
be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解 (基础篇) 1、be动词的用法。 英语中，be动词选用单数还是复数，要由主语来定，主语是单数，就用单数，反之用复数。 ◆句中含有be动词时： 肯定句：主语＋be ＋其他 否定句：主语＋ be ＋ not ＋其他 一般疑问句： Be ＋主语＋其他＋？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词（what / who / when / where）＋ be ＋主语＋其他＋？ I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be动词用法歌： 我用am，你用are，is 连接他她它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记； 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be动词作谓语，它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。 她个子很高。她在教室里。 她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”，即，我们常说的“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时： 肯定句： I / We / They / The students ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We watch TV every night. 变否定：主语＋ don’t ＋动词原形＋其他＋。 We don’t watch TV every night. 一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ How often do you watch TV?
助动词与情态动词 一、助动词 助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 1、be (am, is, are, were, been) （l）“be + -ing”构成进行时态； （2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态； （3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语： ①表按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。 ? “do + 动 只有 (1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better. 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法 （1）表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意， 如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new
专四语法练习2 助动词、情态动词 1. It’s wonderful that you ___C___ have achieved so much in these years. a. may b. can c. should d. would 2. He ___D___ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. don’t need to b. needn’t c. needs d. need 3. You __B____ the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 4. Some people think the stock market will crash, but ___B___. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldn’t happen d. I doubt if it does happen 5. “Whatever has happened to George?” “I don’t know. He _B_____ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 6. He has no idea what the book is about. He ___B___read the book.
中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解 中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解 语法精讲 1.can 和could 2.may 和might 3.need, must和have to 情态动词 4. should和ought to 5. shall, will和would 6. had better 1.can和coul d ① can表示能力，意为“能够，可以”，could用于过去时， 例如He can finish his homework al one. 他可以单独完成作业的。 He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old. 他18岁时还不会做饭。 ② can表示推测，意为“可能”，在否定句中表示否定的猜测，意为“不可能”，could用于对过去的猜测，can’t be 不可能 例如：He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。 He can’t be here be cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这里，因为他已经去美国了。 ③ can表示请求语气，coul d的语气更委婉， 例如：Can I help you? / Coul d I help you? 有什么我可以为您效吗？ 拓展：be abl e to=can也为“能够”，用来表示能力（有人称和时态的变化） 例如：He is able to d eal with this problem. 他能解决这个问题的。 2.may和 might
① may表示请求，might语气更委婉， 例如：May I help you? Might I sit here? ② may表示肯定的推测，语气比can更弱，might对过去的推测 例如：Mary may be doing her homework now. May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语气比may更强，更有把握。 3. must和have to ①must表示命令、责任，意为“一定，必须”，must not/ mustn’t表禁止，“一定不要”， 例如：Children must stay away from strangers.孩子一定要远离陌生人。 You mustn’t play fire because it’s dangerous. 千万不要玩火，因为太危险了。 拓展：在表示禁止时，会用“No Doing”来表示，如No Smoking. / No Walking.等。 ② must表示推测，语气比can更强. 例如：Mr. Liu must be on holiday now because he is wearing pants. 刘老师现在肯定在度假因为他正穿着平底裤呢！（上课是要穿正装的） ③ Must作一般疑问句开头提问时：肯定用must回答，否定用needn’t或d on’t have to回答。 例如：Must I finish my homework now? Yes, you must. / No, you ne edn’t. ④ must 和have to 的区别： a) must没有人称、时态的变化，而have to根据人称、时态的变化，有不同的形式。 b) Must表示主观上必须做，而have to 表示客观需要。
1.If they _____ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send 3.Let's take a walk, ____? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we 4.He was a good swimmer so he _____ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A.could B.might C.should D.was able to 5.I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ____ see me.
A.can B.may C.might D.could 6.---- _____ this book be yours? ---- No, it ____ not be mine. It ____ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may 7."We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. " "He _____ it. " A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. need have attended A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost 9.Since the ground is white, it _____ last night. A. had snowed B. must have snowed
Period Ten 情态动词和助动词 重点掌握情态动词can, may, must, need等词在语境中的运用，情态动词在句子中常用来表示“能力，允许，禁止，意愿，可能”等情感或态度。掌握助动词do, will, shall, have, be在句中的作用。 一、情态动词 1. 情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和动词一起构成谓语，在各种人称后都用同样的形式。 2. 情态动词的用法 (1)can的用法 ①表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会”。eg: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗？ She can speak a little Chinese. 她能讲一点儿汉语。 ②表示可能性，意为“可能会”，常用于否定句或疑问句。eg: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？ That can’t be Mary; she’s in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽；她住院了。 (2) could的用法 ①could可以表示过去的能力，若表示现在的能力时，语气比can委婉。eg: She couldn’t swim half a year ago. 她半年前不会游泳。 What a good idea! Maybe I could talk about English names. 你的想法太好！也许我能谈谈英国人的名字问题。 ②表示礼貌，常用在疑问句中，意为“能，可以”，答语一般用can。 —Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗？ —Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. 是的，可以。/不，不行。 ③表示猜测、怀疑等态度，一般用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。对现在情况表示猜测时，could 比can更 不确定，其结构为“can/could+动词原形”；对过去表示猜测时，结构为“can/could+ have+过去分词”。eg: You could be right, I suppose.我想可能是你对。 Don’t worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心。他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 (3) may和might的用法 ①表示允许，用于肯定句。eg: You may come if you wish. 你要来就来吧。 Passenges may cross by the footbridge. 乘客可使用步行桥。 ②表示许可，用于疑问句。might是may 的过去式，比may语气委婉。eg: May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ Might I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗？ ③表示客观不可能性。eg: Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. 带上雨伞，可能会下雨。 (4) must的用法 ①must表示“必须”时多用于肯定句或疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t；，用于否定句时，表示“不应该，不 许可，不准，禁止”。eg: I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱。 Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车。 ②它在肯定句中，还可表示“推测”，意为“一定”。“must be”表示对现在某事的推测；“must have done” 表示对过去的推测；反意疑问时，要根据must后的be或have来做。eg:
情态动词 定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。 分类： 情态动词有四类： ①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to 位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词 则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能帮你吗？ How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那样对待我们！ 特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想： What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经） 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
系动词助动词情态动词内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
系动词、助动词、情态动词 一、情态动词 1.can(could):能够、可能、可以；may(might):可以、可能；must:必须； shall:将会；should:应该；will:将会，愿意；would:将会 2.半情态动词(后接动原，但否定和疑问句要借助do)：have to不得不，had better最好，used to过去常常 3.情态动词无三单(have to除外)；不能单独使用，后接动词原形共同构成谓语 4. need既可做实义动词又可做情态动词(作实义动词，后接to do/doing,否定don’t need to do do/doing;作情态动词，后接动词原形，否定needn’t do) 5.表推测：must be一定是（语气最肯定），can be可能是，may be也许是（语 气最不肯定）；can’t be一定不是（语气最肯定,must be的否定形式） 6.maybe也许(副词,常用在句首)；may be也许是(谓语动词，用在句中) 7.must与need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to(不必). 8.may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may/can,否定回答用can’t/mustn’t. 二、系动词 1.系动词后可接形容词。 2.表示状态的系动词be(am, is, are, was, were,been),keep ,stay,表示感觉的 半系动词feel (摸起来，感觉), look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来),taste(尝起来）; 三、助动词 1.助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，必须和实义动词共同构成谓语。 2.常用的助动词：be(am, is, are, was, were,been,being)用于进行时态或被动 语态；do(does,did)用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和疑问句； have(has,had)用于完成时态；will,shall,would,should用于将来时态， shall/should只能用于第一人称。 情态动词与系动词练习题 一、基础题 1.-Where's Mr Lee I have something unusual to tell him. -You________ find him. He________ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK-Sorry. It________ in such a short time. A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done 3.I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. A. must B. have to C. need to D. can 4.________you mend my car I______not start it. A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may 5.________she ride when she was three years old A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May 6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. A. can B. may C. could 7.Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li-No, it________be him. Mr Li is much taller.
第12章助动词和情态动词 1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中，助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词，同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同，它有词义，但它也和助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 （×）She cans swim well. （×）She can swims well. （○）She can swim well. （○）She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数（例如she）can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时，即使主语是第三人称单数，也不能在一般动词（例如swim）上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be（am，are，is，was，were，been，being）它与现在分词结合，可以构成进行时态（参见第九章），与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态（参见第十三章）。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me.这本书是我写的。 2. have（has，had，having）它与过去分词结合，构成完成时态（参见第十一章）。 I have finished my homework.我已经写完作业了。
3.shall（should），will（would）它与动词结合构成将来时（参见第十章）。 I will visit Beijing tomorrow.我明天将到北京参观。 4. do（does，did）它与其他动词结合构成否定句和疑问句（参见第六、七、八、十九章）。 I don't like dog.我不喜欢狗。 Do you clean the room.你打扫房间吗？ 2情态动词的种类 对初学者而言，can，may，must是三个最重要的情态动词，其基本句型如下： 肯定句：主语+can，may，must +动词原形. 否定句：主语+can，may，must +not +动词原形～. 疑问句：Can，May，Must +主语+动词原形～？ I. can，may，must的肯定句 You may eat lunch，but you must wash your hands.你可以吃饭，但是你必须洗手。