一些英文sci论文常用的句式和短语
Introducing your work
The study will begin by outlining...
This study addresses a number of issues...
Chapters X and X concentrate on...
The following section sets out...
...to examine the research problem in detail
...to shed light on a number of problem areas in current theory
The paper presented here is based in part on an earlier study
Defining the scope of your study
The focus of the study is...
The central question to be examined in this paper is...
The study is important for a number of reasons:
Present understanding of...is limited.
Many authors would agree that...
Previous studies have shown or suggested that...
The problem has been much discussed in recent literature.
This approach has a number of advantages: firstly,...
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that...
A fuller discussion of...will appear in a later publication.
Arguing for and against
This point is particularly relevant to...
This becomes clear when one examines...
This lends weight to the argument that...
Support for this interpretation comes from...
To put it another way,...
This raises the question whether...
While it may well be valid that..., this study argues the importance of... This begs the question why...
A serious drawback of this approach is...
One of the prime failings of this theory or explanation is...
Reviewing other work
X's study is a textbook example of...
X's work has had a profound influence on...
The study contains a number of new and important insights:
X makes a strong case for...
X takes little or no account of...
There is little evidence to suggest that...
It is very much an oversimplification to...
The study offers only cursory examination of...
X gives a detailed if not always tenable analysis of...
The authors' claim that...is not well founded.
X's explanation is not implausible, if not entirely satisfactory.
Analysis and explanation
One tentative proposal might be that...
If, for the sake of argument, we assume...
One of the most obvious consequences of...is...
This would appear to be supported by...
There is some evidence to suggest that...
The importance of...is demonstrated clearly by...
Although it may well be true that..., it is important not to overlook...
It is important to distinguish carefully between...
It is not necessarily the case that...
The extent to which this reflects...is unclear.
A more plausible explanation for or of...would...
The reason for...is unknown, but...has been suggested by X as a possible factor.
Summary and conclusions
Concluding this section, we can say that...
Chapter X draws together the main findings of the paper.
The study has gone some way towards understanding...
A number of key issues have been addressed in this study.
The results lend strong support to...
This study has highlighted a number of problem areas in existing theory. While the initial findings are promising, further research is necessary.
This raises a number of questions for future research.
The results of this study suggest a number of new avenues for research.
英文文章常用表达和写法
1.xx 的特征在于: xx is characterized by…
2.xx 的2 个重要特征是：Two critical characteristics of xx are …
3.爱因斯坦指出xx 的特征如下：Einstein identified the following characteristicsof xx…
4.Generally, … 一般来讲，原则上… 千万不要用in principle，此原则非彼原则也
5.已经采用了：have adopted …
6.近年来：in recent years
7.over/during the past 10 years. 比如我们说SC 过去10 年间发展很快，用over，over 是一段时间的事儿；during 是事情发生在什么期间，有时间点的意思。
8.出于各种原因：for a variety of reasons
9.此外，另外：moreover, in addition
10.即：“…, namely …”
11.A 与B 的区别在于：A and B differ in the terms of …
12.谈及，关于：In terms of…
13.这些区别是因为：some of the difference stem from…
14.为了让：In order for xx to …
15.很大程度上依赖于rely heavily on …
16.基于…is based on…
17.不是…而是…not …, but rather …
18.这方面的例子有…“…, exemplified by …”
19.严格限制：impose the stringent restrictions on …; 受到这些限制：besubject to the restrictions.
20.产生这个问题的原因与…有关：The problem arises in part from …[Tip]：多用although, however, while, moreover, in addition 这样的词儿，句子之间的逻辑关系显得很清楚，读paper 的人会觉得你的论文很清爽，
论文写作常用词汇和短语
论文写作的一些常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：
差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.
存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present
多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked
majority, handful
方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools
发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalence
In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.
发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation
改变change, alteration,
高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced
各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors
关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,
广泛的in an extensive survey
进行conducte，perform, carry out,
降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective,
negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,
角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions
可能性feasibility
密切地intimately
难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,
缩写abbreviations
识别，辨别discernment
事件
Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.
a putative tumor initiating event
a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,
a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes
a common event associated with the mechanisms of
a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy
a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants
a common event （that occurs）during apoptosis is……
a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through which
a common event in vivo
a rather common event of unknown biological significance
a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations
a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance
a common event contributing to
a rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event
提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in
调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,
推测presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)
无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously
显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,
相关性
related, more relevant with ，the relevance of
no intergroup difference，irrespective of
There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.
Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.
No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.
we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).
相同，同等并列
The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself
with a similar pattern to
协同，加强
synergize with
研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,
一致
which is in accord with the results
which corroborated the results
which supported the results
优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental
异常aberration, abnormality
重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance
相反
On the contrary,
In contrary,
but quite on the contrary
in sharp contrast,
contrary to what would be expected
Contrary to the expectation that
Contrary to previous beliefs,
Contrary to the hypothesis,
Contrary to current popular truisms
Contrary to current cognitive theories,
However, contrary to expectation,…….
Contrary to predictions,…
in contrast to previo us observations…
Contrary to prediction,……
Contrary to most previous claims,
与一起in combination with, coupled with
由于、鉴于
In light of
In view that
S C I科技论文写作常用 句型大全 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一．好的论文题目是成功的一半 好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类： 1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210) 类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency exceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615) 这种题目适合哪类文章适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。 要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。
在这篇文章中，我们说明（介绍）了一种……方法 In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth In this paper , we propose the ... 在这一章节，我们介绍…… In this section , we present ... We demonstrate out algorithm on two tasks : A被认为是B A can be regarded as B 为了这个目的，我们提出了A To this end ,we propose A. 在样本的……和……上都很有效 make effective use of both ...and ...among samples. 当应用到……中的时候When applied to... 通过将……和……结合起来，…… By combining ...and ... , .... A是B中的一个基本问题之一A is one of the fundamental problems in B 目的在于…… Its goal is to do ... We aim at doing... Our target is ... Our basic notion is to do... 为了达到……的目的To achieve ... To achieve this , 因为……，做什么是困难的 As .... , it is very difficult to do .... As..., ir is usually hard to ... Due to ... e.g.:As the variance of object shape and color within an object class can be large,it is very difficult to obtain class-specific features that can describe the object class accurately. 就这点而言，…… In this regard, ... 一方面来说，……，另一方面来说，……On the one hand , ... , on the other hand , ... 1
一.关于本专业毕业论文地选题 二.英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大地方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和 翻译学.各个大方向中又可以选择小地方向，具体解释如下：.英语文学：选择英语文学地毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究. 在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中地某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法地运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究.但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典地作家或作品.有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生地兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象.在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在地深刻含义，不能流于肤浅地分析. 文学批评理论地选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识地学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论地知识结构.这个方向地选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语地阐释或某两种或以上地文学批评理论地比较. 比较文学研究就是将两个以上地作家或作品进行比较.这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别地（如“雪莱与拜伦地诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别地（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）.语言学：选择语言学地毕业论文选题可以在两个大地方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学. 普通语言学地研究就是对于英语语言地任何一个方面地研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面地研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）. 应用语言学包括教学法地研究和其它一些新兴地应用语言学分支地研究.师范专业或本身从事教师职业地学生选择教学法方向地较多.在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围地选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要地是要结合教学实践或实验.这个方向地好地选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习地影响” 等. .翻译学：翻译学地选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动. 对翻译理论地研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等.相比之下，对翻译活动地研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象地翻译、或一种修辞格地翻译地研究（如“汉语成语地英译”）.应该注意地是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子地罗列. 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分. （一）前置．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成. ．目录：由论文地中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页. ．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文地内容不加注释和评论地简短陈述，宜以最简洁地语言介绍论文地概要、作者地突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整地短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在字左右关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息地单词或术语.为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文地中心词，以显著地字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要地左下方.各关键词之间用“分号”隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应. （二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（）、正文()、结论()、参考文献().主体部分必须由另页右页开始. ．引言：主要说明研究工作地目地、涉及范围、相关领域地前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面地概述、理论意义和实用价值等. ．正文：论文地正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分，论点明确.行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项地序号编码
2019年高考英语get it 65个写作常用句型 一、议论文常用句型 1. It is a fact that….…..是一个事实 2. It is well-known that….众所周知…… 3.There is no doubt that….毫无疑问…… 4. I think that….我认为...... 5. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer….与流行的想法相反，我更喜欢...... 6. Some people say/believe/claim that….有人说/相信/声称...... 7. It is generally believed that….人们普遍认为...... 8. It is widely accepted that….这是被广泛接受的 9. It is argued/held that….有人认为/认为...... 10. While it is commonly believed that…, I believe….虽然人们普遍认为……，我相信...... 11. It can be concluded that….可以得出结论 12. People’s views vary from person to person.......人们的观点因人而异 二、图表型常用句型 1.The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph/column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how….表显示/ 反映/如何
1．To further substantiate a role of….. 2．To gain further insight into the involvement of…… 3．Several lines of evidence suggest a potential role of…… 4．The discrepancies between these studies may be explained in part by the fact that…. 5．It can also not be excluded that….. 6．To further elucidate the role of……. 7．There is growing evidence that………. 8．Several studies indicate that………… 9．It is generally accepted that……….. 10. In vitro studies revealed that…………. 11. This is somewhat surprising since……… 12. Furthermore, available data suggest the potential to…….. 13. development and generation of more specific inhibitors will be required to further explore their potential to……….. 14. A better understanding of the regulation of their expression will thus be……. instrumental in the development of specific targeting approaches……. 15. Little is known either on………. 16. ………….remain to be elucidated in more detail 17. The aim of this study was to clarify whether….. were therapeutic agents against 18. This study may provide a new recognition of natural medicine for the treatment of 19. Epidemiological studies have shown the incidence of 20…. are thought to act through receptor-independent and dependent mechanisms to promote… 21. …..which are derived from….., have been reported to possess a variety of potent properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, radical-scavenging, and cardiovascular protecting activity, anti-tumor, and so on. 22. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of …. and to evaluate the efficacy of cardiopr otection by……. 23. The pathological features of diabetes and/or its complications that were caused
一些常用的SCI论文句式 写英文文章经常要重复讲一个说法讲几次，但描述方式不能太祥林嫂，所以备好一些常用句式还是相当有用的。以下的句式是本人在阅读文献过程中亲自整理的，主要来源于Science，Nature，Immunity，JEM，JCI和JI。这些句式都很地道，决不山寨，希望对有需要的朋友有用。 热点，广泛关注、研究 1．The mechanisms governing the homeostasis of memory T cells have been an area of intense investigation. 2．Extensive work has been done in the area of cytokine signaling. 3．Not unexpectedly,the newest‘lineage’of helper T cells,TH-17cells,also received a great deal of attention at the Ringberg meeting. 4.While the interactions of DC with naive T cells within LN have been analysed in detail,… 5.While interactions of DC with naive T cells in LN have been extensively examined by2P-IVM, 6.Although the signals that control neutrophil migration from the blood to sites of infection have been well characterized,little is known about their migration patterns within lymph nodes or the strategies that neutrophils use to find their local sites of action. 不像B，which…，A… 1.Unlike naive T cells,which survive largely in interphase,memory T cells persist under normal conditions with a slow but constant turnover. 像…一样 1．As with naive T cells,memory T cells are also capable of undergoing more rapid cell division under lymphopenic conditions,known as acute homeostatic proliferation. …已有共识 1．There is now a general consensus that two members of the commonγchain cytokine family, namely IL-7and IL-15,control the homeostasis of CD8+ memory cells …仍不清楚 1.However,the factors that govern the homeostasis of CD4+memory cells have yet to be fully defined. 2.Although molecular details of the process are poorly understood. 3.Although why this subset of T cells is uniquely sensitive to IL-2is currently unclear. 4.experiments directly interrogating the physiological requirements for DC-produced IL-2have yet to be published. 5.Among the questions that remain to be resolved arehow IL-2may play both supportive and restrictive roles in the same transgenic OT-1CD8+T cells. 6.The cause of this disease has been elusive because the SAP gene is not affected in XLP2
长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语 这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上： 差别 gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance. 存在，出现 occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数，少数 the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法 approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率 Incidence, frequency, prevalence In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs. 发现，阐明，报道，证实 verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation
英语议论文写作常用句型中英文对照模版 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying______. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… 。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______. 5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重 的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一) 前言：相关内容导读：1. 好话不说第二遍——论文写作中的重述语意2. SCI论文中如何描述XPS实验结果？一、在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。。。它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：A. Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated. (Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740 )B. This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts. C. Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsD. Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）E. Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）F. An interesting approach in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid
英文论文写作常用的句型 1.xx 的特征在于: xx is characterized by… 2.xx 的2 个重要特征是：Two critical characteristics of xx are … 3.爱因斯坦指出xx 的特征如下：Einstein identified the following characteristics of xx… 4.Generally, … 一般来讲，原则上 … 千万不要用in principle，此原则非彼原 则也。 5.已经采用了：have adopted … 6.近年来：in recent years 7.over/during the past 10 years. 比如我们说SC 过去10 年间发展很快，用over，over 是一段时间的事儿；during 是事情发生在什么期间，有时间点的意思。 8.出于各种原因：for a variety of reasons 9.此外，另外：moreover, in addition 10.即： “…, namely …” 11.A 与B 的区别在于：A and B differ in the terms of … 12.谈及，关于：In terms of… 13.这些区别是因为：some of the difference stem from… 14.为了让：In order for xx to … 15.很大程度上依赖于rely heavily on … 16.基于… is based on… 17.不是…而是… not …, but rather … 18.这方面的例子有… “…, exemplified by …” 19.严格限制：impose the stringent restrictions on …; 受到这些限制：be subject to the restrictions. 20.产生这个问题的原因与… 有关：The problem arises in part from … [Tip]：多用although, however, while, moreover, in addition 这样的词儿，句子之间的逻辑关系显得很清楚，读paper 的人会觉得你的论文很清爽。
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
sci论文常用句型摘抄 1.Taken together, our data provide new mechanistic insights into possible endogenous signaling metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. 2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) could increase the antitumor effects of doxorubicin, with no increase in toxicity, in an MCF7 breast cancer xenograft model. 3.MIB1 (ki67) immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment.(用于 ki67方面) 4.Survivin embodies these properties, and 5.Moreover, in pre-clinical bladder tumor models, inhibition of Survivin expression and/or function has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation, and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis 6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies, cytotoxics and radiation, has reached a plateau in the treatment of many cancers, and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches. 7.Median age was 62 years with a range of 40-74 years. 8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so that their expression might concurrent with survivin. 9.There is a hypothesis that 10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied with a paper in this issue of the JCI by Altieri and colleagues. 11.Thus, this raises an interesting question whether... 12.raising the possibility that most, if not all, tumors express... 13.The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or in combination, compared to untreated controls. 14.In contrast, it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignant tissues. 15.On the contrary,... 16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers and increase the number of citations you receive 17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr overexpress not only P-gp but also XIAP and Survivin, and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine, in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7. 18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but is undetectable in normal differentiated adult tissues, with the exception of testis, thymus, and placenta. 19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infections ranges from 0% to 11.5%, 20.Given these low rates, it is not clear whether new technical devices confer further advantages 21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparent dressings were excluded. 22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients 23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and will have to take penicillin for a few months.
Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. 4. In the earliest study of the ….., ……mainly concentrate on the study of…….. In practice, ……. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.
议论文常用写作句式句型 一．段首：良好的开端等于成功的一半．在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。例如： 1.提出议题 A. Just as every coin has two sides, ...... have both advantages and disadvantages． B. There is a public debate today that ... C. When it comes to...... different people have different points of view. some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However, others... D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of ...... E. As is known to all/ As we all know....... F. Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 2.提出观点： A. Now there is a growing awareness that... In my opinion...... B. It is time we explore the truth of ... C. I hold the truth to be self-evident that.... 3.进一步提出观点： A. ....... but that is only part of the history. B. Another equally important aspect is ... C...... is but one of the many effects. Another is ... D. Besides, other reasons are... 二、段中 4.提出假想例子 A.Suppose that... B. B. Just imagine what would be like if... C. It is reasonable to expect... D. It is not surprising that... 5.举普通例子： A.For example(instance),... B.B.... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) C. A good case in point is... D. A particular example for this is...