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沪科版《7.4 阿基米德原理》同步练习及解答

沪科版《7.4 阿基米德原理》同步练习及解答
沪科版《7.4 阿基米德原理》同步练习及解答

沪科版第七章 密度和浮力

本章涉及到的物理概念有:质量、密度、浮力;本章涉及到的物理原理、规律有:阿基米德原理和物体的浮沉条件;本章涉及到的物理技能有:托盘天平、量筒和量杯的使用。

要求通过本章学习,初步认识应用科学抽象的方法建立质量概念,会正确使用天平与

量筒或量杯测量固体和液体的质量和体积,并从中学习一些基本的测量知识与方法。此外

还要对物理单位的大小形成具体的概念从而发展估测能力。

沪科版《7.4 阿基米德原理》同步练习及解答

1、通过实验探究,认识浮力,知道阿基米德原理。

2、尝试用阿基米德原理解决简单的问题,能解释生活中一些与浮力有关的物理现象。

一、选择题

1. 下列关于浮力的叙述中,正确的是( )

A. 物体浸没在水中的深度越大,受到的浮力也就越大

B. 同一木块分别漂浮在水面和酒精上,在酒精面上受到的浮力小于在水面上的浮力

C. 物体浸在液体中受到的浮力由自身的重力决定

D. 物体浸在液体中受到的浮力由排开液体的重力决定

2. 外形相同的4个小球放入液体中,静止时如图7—12所示,则受到 浮力最小的是( )。

A . A 球

B .B 球 C.

C 球

D .都相等

3.将一重为80N 的物体,放人一盛满水的溢水杯中,从杯中溢出了30N 的水,则物体 受到的浮力是( )。

A .80N

B .30N

C .50N D. 11ON

4. 将两个物体分别挂在弹簧测力计上,然后都浸没在水中,发现两支弹簧测力计的示

数都减少了2N ,那么这两个物体一定有相同的( )。 A. 密度 B.体积 C. 质量 D.重力

5.

两手分别拿着一小木块和一大石块,把它们都浸没到水中,同时松开手,小木块

浮,大石块下沉,则它们受到的浮力( )。

A. 因为木块上浮,所以受到的浮力较大

B.因为石块下沉,所以受到的浮力较小

C. 因为木块体积较小,所以受到的浮力较大

D.因为石块体积较大,所以受到的浮力较大

6. 根据下面给出的数据,一定能用阿基米德定律计算出浮力大小的一组数据是

( )。

A.物体体积和液体密度 B.物体体积和物体密度

C.液体密度和物体所在处的深度 D. 液体的密度和物体所排开液体的体积

二、填空题

7.将金属块的一半浸没水中,排开了0.6kg的水,金属块受到的浮力是____。

(g=10N/kg)

8. 甲、乙两物体质量之比为3:4,密度之比为1:3,若把它们全部浸没在同种液体

中,受到的浮力之比为____。

9. 物体所受的重力为5N,体积为4×10-4m3,当它浸没在水中时,所受的浮力为__

__

N,浮力和重力的合力为N____,方向____。(g=10N/kg)

10. 把重17.8N的实心钢球挂在弹簧测力计上,浸没在水中后,弹簧测力计的示数是

15.8N,铜球受到的浮力是____N,铜球的体积是____cm3.(g取10N/kg)。

11 . 重48.06N的铜块,当它浸没在水中时,受到的浮力是多大?(ρ铜=8.9×103kg

/m3,

g取10N/kg)

12、某海滨浴场,水底布满鹅卵石,水中游泳的人由深水走向浅水的过程中,以下体验

和分析合理的是()

A 、脚越来越不疼,因为人越来越轻

B、脚越来越疼,因为人越来越重

C、脚越来越不疼,因为人的浮力越来越大了

D、脚越来越疼,因为人的浮力越来越小了

13、小明同学用一个质量可以忽略不计的薄塑料袋装满水,挂在弹簧测力计上后,将其

浸没在水中,那么他看到的弹簧测力计读数()

A、小于袋中水的重

B、等于袋中水的重

C、大于袋中水的重

D、等于零

14、人在齐胸深的还水中行走时,大吸一口气,顿时觉得身体变得轻了一些,这是因为

____________________________________。

15、以下是小菲和她的同学在日常生活中观察到的现象及提出的问题。

实验器材:量筒一个、可放入量筒内的大小不一的若干冰块、小铁块一根、水。

请你设计实验:

通过分析表格内的实验数据,你可得到什么结论?

请你和同学们交流,试着解释这一结论。

16、浮在海面上的冰山,水上部分的体积为1000m3,求冰山的总体积?(ρ冰=0.9×103kg/m3,ρ海水=1.03×103kg/m3)

17、有一方块,把它放入水中时,露出水面的部分是起总体积的2/5,把木块放入另一种液体中时,露出液面的部分是它总体积的1/3,求木块的密度及液体的密度?

参考答案

第四节 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.D 7. 6N 8. 9:4 1 竖直向下 10 .2 200 11. 5.4N 12.D 13.D 14.人受到的浮力增大 15。392N 2.5×103kg/m3 16.略 17.

略 18. 略 19.7923m3 20.ρ木=0.6×103kg/m3 ρ液= 0.9×103kg/m3

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1invite[?n?va?t]v. 2expensive[?k?spens?v]adj. 3talk to [t?:k tu:] 4brochure[?br????(r)] n. 5agent[?e?d??nt]n. 6soon[su:n]adv. 7at the end of(August) 8swan[sw?n]n. 9raise[re?z]v. 10national[?n??n?l] adj. 11brick[br?k] n. 12stone[st??n] n. 13mountain[?ma?nt?n] n. 14ancient[?e?n??nt]adj. 15history[?h?stri]n. 16interest[??ntr?st] n. 17holiday[?h?l?de?] n. 18wonderful[?w?nd?fl] adj. 19another[??n?e?(r)] pron.

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