西南大学2011年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part I Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1.Europe’s earlier industrial growth was____ by the availability of key resources, abundant and
cheap labor, coal, iron ore, etc.
A)constrained B)remained C)sustained D)detained
2.We’ve just installed a fan to ____cooking smells from the kitchen.
A)eject B)expel C)exclude D)exile
3.We work to make money, but it’s a ___ that people who work hard and long often do not
make the most money.
A)dilemma B)conflict C)prejudice D)paradox
4. V ery few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very ____.
A)intriguing B)indefinite C)obscure D)dubious
5.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how ____ and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.
A)fabulous B)gracious C)handsome D)prominent
6. I told him that I would ____ to act for me while I was away from office.
A)identify B)authorize C)rationalize D)justify
7. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it ____ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.
A)compacted B)dispersed C)delayed D)restricted
8. Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ____ in commercials.
A)drafted B)depicted C)alleged D)permeated
9. Diamonds have little ____ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.
A)subtle B)eternal C)inherent D)intrinsic
10. Retirement is obviously a very complex ____ period and the earlier you start planning for it, the better.
A)transition B)transaction C)transmission D)transformation
11. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the ____ of a brilliant career.
A)porch B)threshold C)edge D)course
12. They are ____ investors who always make thorough investigations both on local and international markets before making an investment.
A)indecisive B)implicit C)cautious D)conscious
13.Most people in the modern world ____ freedom and independence more than anything else.
A)illuminate B)fascinate C)cherish D)embody
14.Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are ____ to heart attack.
A)prone B)disposed C)infections D)accessible
15. These were stubborn men, not easily ____ to change their mind.
A)titled B)converted C)persuaded D)suppressed
16. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report within a few hundred words, but with all the important details included.
A)concise B)brisk C)precise D)elaborate
17. His face ____ as he came in after running all the way from school.
A) flared B)fluctuated C)fluttered D)flushed
18.Steel is not as ____ as cast iron; it does not break as easily.
A)elastic B)brittle C)adaptable D)flexible
19.A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ____ interaction with proficient speakers of English.
A)instantaneous B)provocative C) yerbal D)dual
20.Within ten years they have tamed the ____ hill into green woods.
A)vacant B)barren C)weird D)wasteful
Part II Reading comprehension(30 points)
Directions: There are six reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in they day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate actions into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as excuse for
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior pattern rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Use in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is
inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting circles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
21. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways except to
A)speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.
B)identify a problem
C)bring together disparate facts.
D)stipulate clear goals.
22. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?
A) They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
B)They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.
C)They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
D)They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business.
23. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?
A) Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.
B) Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.
C) Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.
D) Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.
24. The text provides support for which of the following statements?
A) Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.
B) Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
C) Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
D) Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.
25. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?
A) An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
B) A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
C) The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
D) Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.
Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers – using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the object that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by the large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.
The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be replaced? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.
Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historical American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isomeric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.
If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
26. In the text, the author is primarily concerned with
A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologist
B) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.
C) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in engineering design.
D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.
27.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are
A) strengthened when they include courses in design.
B) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills.
C)strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasize by most of the courses.
D)strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of
automatic control system.
28.which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?
A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.
B) Each component of an automobile – for example, the engine or the fuel tank – has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that component’s function.
C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.
D) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.
29.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?
A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignore the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.
B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.
C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.
D)A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers. 30.The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record paradoxical (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably because
A) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could make
B) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their student
C) college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not.
D) engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of ―Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.‖ Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottermania.
Yet Mr. Potter’s world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalization) is helping to hype the launch of J.K.Rowling’s fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britain’s Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organized is a reading by MS Rowling in London’s Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast. Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.
Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio executive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steel: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using
Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen –if you believe Britain’s Sunday Times rich list. The process is self generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.
Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialized. In line with her wishes, Warne says it is being extraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It is imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.
The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to ―Order of the Phoenix‖; nor yet for ―Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban‖, the film of the third book, which is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowling’s creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studio’s global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital. She adds that with more to come, readers of the books are not alienated. ―The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the property by fans is not waning.‖
31. when the author says ―there will be no escaping Potter mania‖, he implies that
A) Harry Potter’s appeal for the readers is simply irresistible
B)It is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boy
C)craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near future
D) Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over
32. Ms Rowling’s reading in London’s Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show
A)publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter’s business
B)businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter’s world
C)the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than Hollywood
D)business involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way
33. The author believes that
A) Britain’s Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it sounds
B) Time Warner’s management of licenses is a bit over commercialized
C)other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter image at will
D) what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargin
34. Paragraph 4 intends mainly to show Warner’s
A) determination to promote Potter
B)consistence in conducting business
C)high regard for Ms Rowling’s request
D)careful restrictions on licensing to Coca-Cola
35. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that
A) products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to Warner
B)current Hollywood’s marketing of Potter may damage its potential
C)readers could get tired of Ms Rowling’s writings sooner or later
D)Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in future
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
It was a cold, rainy and wholly miserable afternoon in Washington, and a hot muggy night in Miami. It was Sunday, and three games were played in the two cities. The people playing them and the people watching them tell us much about the ever-changing ethnic structures of the United States.
Professional football in the United States is almost wholly played by native-born American citizens, mostly very large and very strong, many of them black. It is a game of physical strength. Linemen routinely weigh more than 300 pounds. Players are valued for their weigh and muscles, for how fast they can run, and how hard they hit each other. Football draws the biggest crowds, but the teams play only once a week, because they get so battered.
The 67,204 fans were in Miami for the final game of the baseball world Series. Baseball was once America’s favorite game, but has lost that claim to basketball.
Baseball is a game that requires strength, but not hugeness. Agility, quickness, perfect vision and quick reaction are more important than pure strength. Baseball was once a purely American game, but has spread around much of the New World. In that Sunday’s final, the final hit of the extra inning game was delivered by a native of Columbia. The Most Valuable Player in the game was a native of Columbia. The rosters of both teams were awash with Hispanic names, as is Miami, which now claims the world Championship is a game that may be losing popularity in America, but has gained it in much of the world. Baseball in America has taken on a strong Hispanic flavor, with a dash of Japanese added for seasoning.
Soccer, which many countries just call football, is the most widely enjoyed sport in the world. In soccer, which many countries just call football, the ethnic tide has been the reversed of baseball. Until recently, professional soccer in the United States has largely been an import, played by South Americans and Europeans. Now, American citizens in large numbers are finally taking up the most popular game in the world.
Baseball, an American invention increasingly played around the world, these days draws large crowds back home. Likewise, hockey, a game largely imported to the United States from neighboring Canada. Lacrosse, a version of which was played by Native Americans before the Europeans arrived, is also gaining a keen national following.
36. Which of the following can reflect the ever-changing ethnic structure of America?
A)sportsman B)Audience C)Both of them D)None of them
37.Who paly professional football in the United States?
A)Native-born American citizens B)Europeans C)South Americans. D)Both B and C.
38.What is America’s favorite game?
A)Baseball B)Basketball C)Professonal football D)Soccer
39.Which of the following statements about soccer is true?
A) In soccer and basketball, the ethnic tide is different.
B) Until recently, soccer becomes an important game, so many native Americans play it.
C)It is the most popular game in the world, so many American citizens take up it.
D)Although soccer is the most popular game in the world, American citizens in large numbers do not like first.
40. The author of the passage wants to tell us that____.
A)Americans like sports and sports reveal much about the changing ethnic structure of the United States.
B)In Washington, several games are played in one day.
C)Americans like all kinds of games.
D)The American games are watched by native-Americans and played by people from different countries.
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The Welsh languages has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and school children are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Welsh marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative power from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club-Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited.
The assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means ―land of compatriots,‖ is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.
―Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,‖said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the
grass with a group of young people in Lanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.
―There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,‖Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. ―We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.‖
41. According to the passage, devolution was mainly mean to
A) maintain the present status among the nations.
B) reduce legislative powers of England.
C) create a better state of equality among the nations.
D) grant more say to all the nations in the union.
42. The word ―centrifugal‖ in the second paragraph means
A)separatist B)conventional C)feudal D)political
43. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT
A) people’s desire for devolution
B) locals’ turnout for the voting
C) powers of the legislative body.
D) status of the national language.
44. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity
A) Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language
B) Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union
C) A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.
D) The national symbol has become a familiar sight.
45. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is
A) people’s mentality
B) pop culture
C) town’s appearance
D) possibilities for the people
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating(毁灭性) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help.
Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigation the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the cause of ―dry eye‖syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure in environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of disease away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
46. It is known from the first paragraph that____.
A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American.
B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy.
C)crying usually wins sympathy from other people.
D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed.
47. What does ―both those responses to tears‖(Line 6,Para, 1) refer to?
A)Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness
B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.
D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
48.‖Counterproductive‖(Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means ―____‖.
A)having no effort at all
B)leading to tension
C)producing disastrous impact
D)harmful to health
49.What does the author say about the crying?
A)It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.
B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival.
C)It is meant to get attention and assistance.
D)It usually produces the desired effect.
50. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.
B)Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.
C)Emotional tears can give rise to ―dry eye‖ syndrome in some cases.
D)Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.
Part III Close(10 points)
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered bland and mark A,
B, C, or D on Answer Sheet.
The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 51 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and 52 to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the 53 item for general purchasing power—that is ―money‖–to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.
The importance of this function of money is 54 illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II, 55 paper money was 56 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 57 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to 58 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German ―economic miracle‖ just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 59 some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 60 of all price controls, 61 permitting a money economy to 62 a barter economy.
63 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 64 the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment – this is the ―65 of exchange‖ function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 66 abode of purchasing power, in which the sellers holds the proceeds in the interim 67 the first sale and the 68 purchase, or from which the buyer can 69 the general purchasing power with which to pay 70 what is brought. This is the ―asset‖ function of money.
51.A)on B)in C)by D)for
52.A)capable B)likely C)desirable D)willing
53.A)excess B)extra C)surplus D) ample
54.A)dramatically B)urgently C)faithfully D)incidentally
55.A)when B)before C)since D)until
56.A)developed B)reserved C)rendered D)imagined
57.A)encouraged B)enlarged C)endured D)enforced
58.A)conform B)resort C)commit D)gear
59.A)and B)but C)therefore D)however
60.A)deprivation B)stimulation C)elimination D)restriction
61.A)thereby B)therefore C)then D)while
62.A)alternate B)establish C)substitute D)replace
63.A)Introduction B)Specification C)Representation D)Separation
64.A)assumes B)requires C)focuses D)undertakes
65.A)medium B)function C)role D)nature
66.A)fashionable B)favorable C)temporary D)token
67.A)both B)for C)between D)after
68.A)consequent B)relevant C)inadequate D)subsequent
69.A)execute B)extract C)exceed D)exchange
70.A)for B)off C)back D)in
Part IV English-Chinese Translation(15 points)
Direction: Read the following passage into Chinese and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we
should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that is shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that is shall be flattering, of history that is shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author, try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fines, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.
Part V Chinese-English Translation(15)
Directions: Translate the following short paragraphs into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
What I Have Lived For – by Bertrand Russell
“我的人生追求”——伯特兰·罗素
有三种朴实却异常强烈的激情左右着我的人生：渴望爱情、寻求知识和对受苦人的怜悯。这三种激情犹如飓风肆意地吹着我，从无边的苦海吹向绝境。
我寻找爱，因为爱使人陶醉。我常常宁愿用我全部的余生来换取几个小时这样的欣喜。我寻找爱，因为爱使我解除了孤寂，解除了一个颤抖的灵魂从人世间到冷漠无底的深渊所经历的孤寂。我寻找爱，因为我在爱的缩影中看到了圣人和诗人眼里天堂的景象。这就是以往我寻找的，虽然对于人生来说似乎过于美好，但我终于找到了。以同样的激情，我寻求知识。我渴望理解人类的心灵。我想知道群星为何闪烁。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯的数的魔力，它支配着数的和谐。我已多少达到了此目的。爱和知识总是通往天堂。但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦喊叫的回声在我心中回荡。
Part VI Writing(20 points)
Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition of about 250 words entitled ―Information and My Life‖. You must write it on the Answer Sheet and remember to writer it in readable handwriting.